WO2008148257A1 - Process for producing aluminum wire (pipe) coverd with copper and device for producing the same - Google Patents

Process for producing aluminum wire (pipe) coverd with copper and device for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008148257A1
WO2008148257A1 PCT/CN2007/002686 CN2007002686W WO2008148257A1 WO 2008148257 A1 WO2008148257 A1 WO 2008148257A1 CN 2007002686 W CN2007002686 W CN 2007002686W WO 2008148257 A1 WO2008148257 A1 WO 2008148257A1
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Prior art keywords
copper
machine
heating
wire
production process
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PCT/CN2007/002686
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Li Fu
Xishan Yang
Diansheng Song
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Fushi International (Dalian) Bimetallic Cable Co., Ltd
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Publication of WO2008148257A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008148257A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/023Alloys based on aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026Alloys based on copper

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite material production technology, in particular to a copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe production process and equipment thereof. It is the preferred production process and equipment for the production of copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe.
  • copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe are copper-aluminum composite materials. These products have the advantages of light aluminum, copper conductivity and corrosion resistance. They are widely used in RF cables, electromagnetic wires, and Aluminum shielded wire, power cord and other products. Reduce costs and save resources.
  • the copper-clad aluminum tube can be used for the suspension cable of the RF cable, and can also be used for the air conditioning and other products for the condensation tube.
  • the copper-clad aluminum product is the best alternative to copper and aluminum, and the most promising product. Due to the shortage of copper resources in the world, the demand for world economic development is increasing. At present, the price of copper is rising rapidly.
  • the copper-clad aluminum wire produced by the rolling method is formed by clamping the aluminum core wire at the same time and clamping the aluminum core wire through the rolling mill in an argon-protected environment. Under pressure, the metallurgical combination is realized, and then the milling is performed. The machine cuts the copper edge of the butt joint into a blank copper clad aluminum wire, and has to be subjected to multiple drawing and heat treatment processes by a stretching machine to become a copper clad aluminum wire finished product, although the method can produce a copper clad.
  • Aluminum blank but there are still blanks that are only suitable for the production of small diameters. If large diameters are produced, the blanks are obviously exposed to the disadvantages of low copper material and unsatisfactory uniformity of the outer copper strip.
  • Over-welding a pure copper strip is wrapped into a round tubular shape, and the aluminum core rod is wrapped therein, and is automatically welded under the protection of an inert gas, and then the copper-clad aluminum blank is produced by finishing and winding, and then The secondary drawing and heat treatment process becomes a finished copper clad aluminum wire.
  • the copper-clad aluminum wire produced by the method has the advantages of good uniformity of the copper layer, saving copper material and high production speed.
  • the invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe production process and equipment thereof, the manufacturing process is simple and reasonable, the copper material is saved, the process is shortened, the time for producing the finished product is shortened, and the copper clad aluminum is ensured.
  • the copper layers of the wire are well hooked, and the two are better in metallurgical bonding, stable in quality, high in production efficiency, and significantly reduce the production cost of the copper clad aluminum wire (tube) production process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing a copper clad aluminum wire (tube).
  • the production process of the present invention includes the following process steps:
  • the drawing machine is drawn once by the stretching machine within a predetermined time to reach the design line diameter.
  • the heating temperature in the step d is 600-68 (TC).
  • An annealing process may be added after the e process.
  • the copper clad aluminum wire clad welding device used in the method of the present invention is composed of a blank surface cleaning machine, a cladding welding mechanism and a stretching machine, and the coating welding mechanism is automatically placed in an inert gas environment.
  • the pipe welding machine and the multi-stage vertical forming roller whose number is gradually reduced by its number and the number of the cavity are gradually reduced by the number
  • the small majority of the horizontally formed rolls constitute a covering mechanism that also includes an in-line heating device placed after the automatic pipe welding machine.
  • the heating device is an intermediate frequency heater.
  • the present invention employs an in-line heating process after welding. It not only reduces the number of drawing times, but also achieves the metallurgical combination and the stability of the product quality. It also solves the problem that the tensile quality is difficult to control before the metallurgical combination is achieved.
  • the process is simplified and the production efficiency is improved, and the copper material is saved without the need for deburring.
  • the application range is wide, in addition to the processing of different wire diameters, it can also process copper-clad aluminum tubes and other advantages and positive effects, and get the test site. prove.
  • the process is reasonable, the continuity is good, and the time for producing finished products is shortened.
  • the drawing is a schematic view of the structure of the production apparatus of the method of the present invention. .
  • the figure shows the schematic view of the main structure of the equipment for producing copper clad aluminum (tube).
  • 1 is a surface cleaning machine for aluminum blank core
  • 2 is a surface cleaning machine for copper strip
  • 3 is a cladding welding mechanism, and is placed in an inert gas protection environment
  • 4 is an online intermediate frequency heating device
  • 5 is a wire take-up machine and Stretching machine.
  • the cladding welding mechanism 3 is composed of a plurality of multi-stage vertical forming rollers whose number of cavities are gradually reduced, and a multi-stage horizontal forming roller whose number is gradually reduced.
  • the crucible is an automatic welded tube argon. Arc welder.
  • Pre-treatment process The copper strip and the aluminum billet core are cleaned by the copper strip surface cleaning machine and the aluminum billet core surface cleaning machine 1 before entering the cladding welding mechanism;
  • Coated welding process the copper strip and the end of the aluminum core material placed thereon are fed from the feed port into the covering mechanism 3 placed under an inert gas protection environment through a plurality of pairs of vertical and horizontal forming wheels The integral shape makes the copper strip form a circular tubular shape on the aluminum core wire (tube), and finally gathers the joint gap upwards.
  • the automatic pipe boring machine works to weld the copper pipe along the gap, because the argon arc is connected under the protection of argon gas. Copper has no oxide layer.
  • the heating humidity of the online intermediate frequency heating device 4 is determined to be received by the wire take-up machine 5 at 600-680 degrees.
  • the process of producing copper-clad aluminum tube composite wire is the same as above, and after being drawn to meet the requirements, an annealing process is performed to achieve a soft state supply.
  • the copper clad aluminum wire (tube) product produced by the method of the invention has good surface quality and no abrasion, and the copper layer has good uniformity, and the metallurgical combination is achieved by pulling down in a hot state completely to achieve a high quality level.
  • the quality is stable and its electrical performance is good.

Abstract

A process for producing aluminum wire (pipe) covered with copper comprises fewer steps and does not include rolling method and many times stretching. The process also comprises heating the wire after the cladding-welding step. A device is used to produce this aluminum wire covered with copper.

Description

铜包铝线、 铜包铝管生产工艺及其设备 技术领域  Copper clad aluminum wire, copper clad aluminum pipe production process and equipment thereof
本发明涉及一种复合材料生产技术, 特别是一种铜包铝线、 铜包铝管生产 工艺及其设备。 是生产铜包铝线和铜包铝管首选的生产工艺与设备。  The invention relates to a composite material production technology, in particular to a copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe production process and equipment thereof. It is the preferred production process and equipment for the production of copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe.
背景技术 Background technique
众所周知, 铜包铝线和铜包铝管是铜铝复合材料, 是上述产品具备铝的质 量轻, 同时又具备铜的导电性, 防腐性能好的优点, 广泛应用在射频电缆, 电 磁线, 编铝屏蔽线, 电源线等产品上。 降低成本, 节约资源。 铜包铝管即可用 于射频电缆的悬线, 又可用于空调等产品做冷凝管用, 铜包铝产品是新型的替 代铜、 铝的最佳, 最有发展前途的产品。 由于世界铜资源的匮乏, 世界经济发 展需求量越来越大, 目前铜价飞速上涨, 寻找最佳的铜铝复合材料替代纯铜是 当前燃眉之急, 也是形势上的需求。 然而目前生产铜包铝线是传统的力变形技 术。 轧压法生产铜包铝线用两侧的铜带同时包夹住铝芯线通过轧机在氩气保护 环境轧压而成, 在压力之下, 两者之间实现治金结合, 再经铣削机将对接处的 铜边铣掉即成毛坯铜包铝线, 还得另经拉伸机进行多次拉拔和热处理工序之后 才成为铜包铝线成品, 所述的方法尽管能生产铜包铝坯线, 但是仍存在着只适 于生产小线径的坯线, 若生产大线径的坯线明显暴露出铜材料用率低、 外层铜 带均匀性不理想的缺点; 又如包覆焊接将一纯铜带通过逐级变成圆管状把铝芯 杆包于其内, 在惰性气体保护下进行自动焊接, 再经精整和缠绕完成铜包铝坯 线生产, 随后再经多次拉拔和热处理工序成为铜包铝线成品。 该方法生产的铜 包铝线虽然具有铜层均匀性好, 节省铜材, 生产速度较快的优点。 但是也存在 着诸如焊接后需经过多次拉伸才能达到治金结合不仅费工耗时加大生产成本。 而且因其拉伸模压次数多表面易损伤等不如人意之缺陷。 特别是其总变形量达 到 87%以上才能达到以治金结合的要求, 因此达到冶金结合之前的拉伸质量很 难控制, 给拉伸工艺增加了难度。 如不能尽快解决将会影响铜包铝线的质量稳 定性, 这已引起业内相关人士的严重关注, 并投入科技人员和财力, 但是目前 尚未见到成功解决的相关报导。 As we all know, copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe are copper-aluminum composite materials. These products have the advantages of light aluminum, copper conductivity and corrosion resistance. They are widely used in RF cables, electromagnetic wires, and Aluminum shielded wire, power cord and other products. Reduce costs and save resources. The copper-clad aluminum tube can be used for the suspension cable of the RF cable, and can also be used for the air conditioning and other products for the condensation tube. The copper-clad aluminum product is the best alternative to copper and aluminum, and the most promising product. Due to the shortage of copper resources in the world, the demand for world economic development is increasing. At present, the price of copper is rising rapidly. Finding the best copper-aluminum composite material instead of pure copper is the urgent need, and it is also the demand in the situation. However, the current production of copper clad aluminum wire is a traditional force deformation technology. The copper-clad aluminum wire produced by the rolling method is formed by clamping the aluminum core wire at the same time and clamping the aluminum core wire through the rolling mill in an argon-protected environment. Under pressure, the metallurgical combination is realized, and then the milling is performed. The machine cuts the copper edge of the butt joint into a blank copper clad aluminum wire, and has to be subjected to multiple drawing and heat treatment processes by a stretching machine to become a copper clad aluminum wire finished product, although the method can produce a copper clad. Aluminum blank, but there are still blanks that are only suitable for the production of small diameters. If large diameters are produced, the blanks are obviously exposed to the disadvantages of low copper material and unsatisfactory uniformity of the outer copper strip. Over-welding, a pure copper strip is wrapped into a round tubular shape, and the aluminum core rod is wrapped therein, and is automatically welded under the protection of an inert gas, and then the copper-clad aluminum blank is produced by finishing and winding, and then The secondary drawing and heat treatment process becomes a finished copper clad aluminum wire. The copper-clad aluminum wire produced by the method has the advantages of good uniformity of the copper layer, saving copper material and high production speed. However, there are also cases in which, after welding, it is necessary to undergo multiple stretching to achieve the combination of the metallurgy, which not only takes time and labor, but also increases the production cost. Moreover, due to the number of times of stretching and molding, the surface is easily damaged and the like is not satisfactory. In particular, the total deformation amount of 87% or more can meet the requirements of the combination of metallurgy, so the tensile quality before metallurgical bonding is difficult to control, which increases the difficulty of the stretching process. If it can't be solved as soon as possible, it will affect the quality stability of the copper clad aluminum wire. This has caused serious concern of the relevant people in the industry, and invested in scientific and technical personnel and financial resources, but no relevant reports have been successfully resolved.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题, 提供一种铜包铝线、 铜包铝管生产工艺 及其设备, 制造工艺简单合理、 节省铜材, 减少工序明显缩短生产成品的时间, 确保铜包铝线的铜层均勾性好, 两者较好地达到冶金结合, 质量稳定, 生产效 率高, 明显降低生产成本的铜包铝线 (管) 的生产工艺。  The invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art, and provides a copper clad aluminum wire and copper clad aluminum pipe production process and equipment thereof, the manufacturing process is simple and reasonable, the copper material is saved, the process is shortened, the time for producing the finished product is shortened, and the copper clad aluminum is ensured. The copper layers of the wire are well hooked, and the two are better in metallurgical bonding, stable in quality, high in production efficiency, and significantly reduce the production cost of the copper clad aluminum wire (tube) production process.
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种与之相匹的生产铜包铝线 (管) 的设备。 本发明的生产工艺包括如下工艺步骤:  Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing a copper clad aluminum wire (tube). The production process of the present invention includes the following process steps:
a、 依设计线径确定坯料尺寸;  a, determining the size of the blank according to the design diameter;
b、 铜带和铝材在进入包覆焊接机构前分别进行表面清理;  b. The copper strip and the aluminum material are separately cleaned before entering the cladding welding mechanism;
c、 包覆焊接: 将铜带及放在其上面的铝芯材的端头从送料口送进包覆机 构内经包覆成型后由自动焊管机进行焊接;  c. Wrapping and welding: the copper strip and the end of the aluminum core material placed thereon are fed from the feeding port into the wrapping mechanism, and after being overmolded, the welding is performed by an automatic pipe welding machine;
d、 经中频加热装置进行加热以线径大小确定加热温度;  d, heating by the intermediate frequency heating device to determine the heating temperature by the wire diameter;
e、 经 d工序后在规定的时间内由拉伸机进行一次拉拔达到设计线径。 所述的 d工序中的加热温度为 600-68(TC。  e. After the d process, the drawing machine is drawn once by the stretching machine within a predetermined time to reach the design line diameter. The heating temperature in the step d is 600-68 (TC).
所述的 e工序之后还可增加一道退火工序。  An annealing process may be added after the e process.
用于本发明工艺方法的铜包铝线包覆焊接设备, 是由坯料表面清理机、 包 覆焊接机构、 拉伸机组成, 其所述的包覆焊接机构是置于惰性气体环境中的自 动焊管机和由数对其型腔逐级减小的多级垂直成型滚轮和由数对其型腔逐级减 小的多数水平成型滚轮构成的包覆机构, 还包括置于自动焊管机之后的在线加 热装置。 The copper clad aluminum wire clad welding device used in the method of the present invention is composed of a blank surface cleaning machine, a cladding welding mechanism and a stretching machine, and the coating welding mechanism is automatically placed in an inert gas environment. The pipe welding machine and the multi-stage vertical forming roller whose number is gradually reduced by its number and the number of the cavity are gradually reduced by the number The small majority of the horizontally formed rolls constitute a covering mechanism that also includes an in-line heating device placed after the automatic pipe welding machine.
所述的加热装置是中频加热器。  The heating device is an intermediate frequency heater.
本发明与现有技术相比, 由于采用了在焊接后进行在线加热工序。 既利于 减少拉拔次数快速达到冶金结合又利于产品质量的稳定性同时也解决了以往在 达到冶金结合之前拉伸质量难于控制的问题, 简化工艺提高生产效率, 无需去 边毛刺节省铜材, 特别是加工大线径时, 其更明显提高材料利用率, 明显降低 制造成本, 同时适用范围宽除了加工大小不同的线径外还可加工铜包铝管等诸 多优点和积极效果, 并得到试验所证明。 另外工艺合理, 连续性好, 缩短生产 成品的时间。  Compared with the prior art, the present invention employs an in-line heating process after welding. It not only reduces the number of drawing times, but also achieves the metallurgical combination and the stability of the product quality. It also solves the problem that the tensile quality is difficult to control before the metallurgical combination is achieved. The process is simplified and the production efficiency is improved, and the copper material is saved without the need for deburring. When processing large diameters, it is more obvious to improve the material utilization rate, significantly reduce the manufacturing cost, and at the same time, the application range is wide, in addition to the processing of different wire diameters, it can also process copper-clad aluminum tubes and other advantages and positive effects, and get the test site. prove. In addition, the process is reasonable, the continuity is good, and the time for producing finished products is shortened.
附图说明 DRAWINGS
附图是本发明方法生产设备的结构示意图。 .  The drawing is a schematic view of the structure of the production apparatus of the method of the present invention. .
具体实施方式 detailed description
本发明的实施例结合附图加以描述。 图所示的是生产铜包铝线 (管) 的设 备的主视结构示意图。 其中 1为铝坯芯的表面清理机, 2为铜带的表面清理机, 3为包覆焊接机构, 并置于惰性气体保护环境中, 4为在线中频加热装置, 5为 收线机及其拉伸机。 所述的包覆焊接机构 3 是由数对其型腔逐级减小的多级垂 直成型滚轮和由数对其型腔逐级减小的多级水平成型滚轮组成, 悍机是自动焊 管氩弧焊机。  Embodiments of the invention are described in conjunction with the drawings. The figure shows the schematic view of the main structure of the equipment for producing copper clad aluminum (tube). 1 is a surface cleaning machine for aluminum blank core, 2 is a surface cleaning machine for copper strip, 3 is a cladding welding mechanism, and is placed in an inert gas protection environment, 4 is an online intermediate frequency heating device, 5 is a wire take-up machine and Stretching machine. The cladding welding mechanism 3 is composed of a plurality of multi-stage vertical forming rollers whose number of cavities are gradually reduced, and a multi-stage horizontal forming roller whose number is gradually reduced. The crucible is an automatic welded tube argon. Arc welder.
用上述设备制备铜包铝线 (管) 的工艺如下:  The process for preparing a copper clad aluminum wire (tube) using the above apparatus is as follows:
a. 根据设计的线径, 确定铝芯线 (管)、 铜带的尺寸;  a. According to the designed wire diameter, determine the size of the aluminum core wire (tube) and copper strip;
b. 前处理工序: 铜带和铝坯芯在进入包覆焊接机构前分别通过铜带表面清 理机和铝坯芯表面清理机 1清理; C . 包覆焊接工序: 将铜带及放在其上面的铝芯材的端头, 从送料口送进置 于惰性气体保护环境下的包覆机构 3 内通过数对多数垂直和水平成型轮的整型 使铜带形成圆管状包覆在铝芯线 (管)上, 最终收拢结合缝隙朝上自动悍管机 工作沿缝隙将铜管焊接, 因在氩气保护下进行氩弧悍接故铜无氧化层。 b. Pre-treatment process: The copper strip and the aluminum billet core are cleaned by the copper strip surface cleaning machine and the aluminum billet core surface cleaning machine 1 before entering the cladding welding mechanism; C. Coated welding process: the copper strip and the end of the aluminum core material placed thereon are fed from the feed port into the covering mechanism 3 placed under an inert gas protection environment through a plurality of pairs of vertical and horizontal forming wheels The integral shape makes the copper strip form a circular tubular shape on the aluminum core wire (tube), and finally gathers the joint gap upwards. The automatic pipe boring machine works to weld the copper pipe along the gap, because the argon arc is connected under the protection of argon gas. Copper has no oxide layer.
d. 接着依据复合线径的大小确定在线中频加热装置 4的加热湿度在 600— 680度经收线机 5收线。  d. Then, according to the size of the composite wire diameter, the heating humidity of the online intermediate frequency heating device 4 is determined to be received by the wire take-up machine 5 at 600-680 degrees.
e . 在 d工序后 5到 10分钟用拉伸机进行拉拔使其快速达到冶金结合和设 计线径即为成品。  e. Pulling with a stretching machine 5 to 10 minutes after the d process to quickly reach the metallurgical bond and the design wire diameter is the finished product.
如生产铜包铝管复合线其工艺同上, 拉拔到符合要求之后, 进行退火工序 以达到软状态供货。  For example, the process of producing copper-clad aluminum tube composite wire is the same as above, and after being drawn to meet the requirements, an annealing process is performed to achieve a soft state supply.
通过本发明方法生产的铜包铝线 (管)产品经检验表面质量好无磨伤, 铜 层均匀性好, 由于在热状态下拉拔完全快速达到冶金结合, 达到优质水平。 质 量稳定其电气性能良好。  The copper clad aluminum wire (tube) product produced by the method of the invention has good surface quality and no abrasion, and the copper layer has good uniformity, and the metallurgical combination is achieved by pulling down in a hot state completely to achieve a high quality level. The quality is stable and its electrical performance is good.

Claims

权利 要 求 Rights request
1、 铜包铝线 (管) 的生产工艺, 其特征是包括如下工艺步骤: 1. The production process of copper clad aluminum wire (tube), which is characterized by the following process steps:
a、 依设计线径确定坯料尺寸;  a, determining the size of the blank according to the design diameter;
b、前处理工序:铜带和铝芯材在进入包覆焊接机构之前分别进行表面清理; c、 包覆焊接: 将铜带及放在其上面的铝芯材的端头从送料口送进包覆机抅 内经逐级包覆成型后由自动焊管机进行焊接;  b. Pre-treatment process: the copper strip and the aluminum core material are separately cleaned before entering the cladding welding mechanism; c. cladding welding: feeding the copper strip and the end of the aluminum core material placed thereon from the feeding port The coating machine is subjected to stepwise overmolding and then welded by an automatic pipe welding machine;
d、 经在线中频加热装置进行加热, 以线经大小确定加热温度;  d. heating is performed by an online intermediate frequency heating device, and the heating temperature is determined by the size of the line;
e、 收线后在规定时间内即由拉伸机进一次拉拔达到设计线径为成品。  e. After the line is taken, the drawing machine is drawn once by the stretching machine within the specified time to reach the finished product diameter.
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的生产工艺, 其特征在于所述的 d工序中的加热温 度为 600— 680°C。  The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating temperature in the step d is from 600 to 680 °C.
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的生产工艺, 其特征在于所述的 e工序之后可增加 一道退火工序。  3. The production process according to claim 1, characterized in that an annealing step can be added after the e process.
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的生产工艺, 其特征在于所述的 e工序的规定时间 为 5— 10分钟。  4. The production process according to claim 1, wherein the e-process has a prescribed time of 5 to 10 minutes.
5、 用于权利要求 1所述工艺的设备, 其包括坯料表面清理机、 包覆悍接机 构、 拉伸机, 其特征在于所述的包覆焊接机构是置于惰性气体环境中的自动焊 管机和由数对其型腔逐级减小的多级垂直成型滚轮与数对其型腔逐级减小的多 级水平成型滚轮构成的包覆机构; 还包括置于自动焊管机之后的在线加热装置。  5. Apparatus for use in the process of claim 1 comprising a blank surface cleaning machine, a cladding splicing mechanism, a stretching machine, characterized in that said cladding welding mechanism is an automatic welded pipe placed in an inert gas atmosphere. And a multi-stage vertical forming roller whose number is gradually reduced by a plurality of cavities and a plurality of multi-stage horizontal forming rollers whose number of cavities are gradually reduced; and an online device placed after the automatic pipe welding machine heating equipment.
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的设备, 特征在于所述的加热装置是中频加热器。  6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said heating means is an intermediate frequency heater.
PCT/CN2007/002686 2007-06-04 2007-09-11 Process for producing aluminum wire (pipe) coverd with copper and device for producing the same WO2008148257A1 (en)

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