WO2008122255A1

WO2008122255A1 - Method for the pyrolytic recycling of used tires or similar waste composed of composite materials

Info

Publication number: WO2008122255A1
Application number: PCT/DE2007/001760
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Kaminsky
Original assignee: Patentus Ag
Priority date: 2007-04-05
Filing date: 2007-10-01
Publication date: 2008-10-16
Also published as: DE102007042645A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the pyrolytic recycling of used tires or similar composite materials in which, particularly with regard to an energy-saving disposal with product quality remaining constant and a high degree of value added, provision is made for the separation of the metal portions from the composite material before the pyrolysis step. Using said method, it is possible to acquire high-quality BTX aromatics and activated carbon from the ingredients.

Description

"METHOD FOR PYROLYTICALLY ASSESSING

TIRES OR SIMILAR WASTE

COMPOSITE MATERIALS "

The present invention relates to a process for the pyrolytic recycling of wastes from composite materials consisting of plastic and metal, in particular scrap tires.

Waste tires are tires that are no longer suitable or approved for the particular application because, for example, the profile has worn or the rubber of the tire has become brittle.

Tires consist mainly of plastics, steel, textiles and soot. In this case, the natural or synthetic rubber contained should be included by the term "plastics".

Today's radial tires consist of a tread, a sidewall, a carcass, a bead and an inner layer.

Both the carcass and the bead next to textile fabric for stabilizing the tire so-called steel cords. In particular, the steel cords contained, however, stand in the way of a simple disposal of used tires that are no longer usable.

Waste tires are waste requiring monitoring, i. transport, sorting, storage and recovery must be notified to the competent authority and normally require official approval.

Simple thermal recycling of scrap tires is nowadays less and less desirable in view of the dioxin problem of combustion and the pollution of the atmosphere with other pollutants, in particular the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. It is known to use non-renewable waste tires in cement plants as so-called secondary fuel thermally. The steel cords in the tires can be used minerally in cement as a replacement for iron ore. However, the aforementioned problems also occur.

The plastic contained in the scrap tire has a variety of low and high molecular weight organic compounds whose recovery, especially in times of greatly increased crude oil prices and the aforementioned carbon dioxide problem appears more desirable and can also be operated economically useful.

It therefore makes sense to convert scrap tires or the like composite materials, on the one hand, into reusable materials and, on the other hand, to make sensible use of existing energy potential.

From DE 42 34 385 A1 a pyrolysis process for the treatment of organic waste, in particular scrap tires, is known. The pyrolysis takes place in a metal bath of tin, lead and / or zinc. The disadvantages of this method are the contamination of the products by the metal bath. Other disadvantages are the necessary reduction of sulfur content, the strong corrosion of the furnaces by the metal bath and the high carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the setting of a constant pyrolysis temperature appears difficult and the residence time in the pyrolysis bath is very high at 30 to 40 minutes per used tire.

Furthermore, it is known to apply the so-called Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for the conversion of synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons. For the production of synthesis gas, solid carbon carriers (especially coal, but also used tires) can be gasified first.

The disadvantage is that the reaction takes place only under high pressure and with the use of iron or cobalt catalysts and is therefore economically too expensive for the conversion of used tires. From DE-OS 26 58 371 a method for fluidized-bed pyrolysis of scrap tires is known.

Pyrolysis refers to the thermal cleavage of chemical compounds, which is enforced by high temperatures, a bond breaking within large molecules. In the known method, this is done with exclusion of oxygen (anaerobic) in order to prevent the combustion of the feedstock (scrap tires). The fluidized bed must be heated externally during the anaerobic process (allothermal process) in order to enter the required energy into the process.

In the fluidized bed process, a fluidized material is flowed through from below through a fluidized bed with fluidizing gas and thereby fluidized. The result is a fluidized bed or a fluidized bed.

In the known method, the old tires are fed to the hot fluidized bed, whereby the plastic components are decomposed pyrolytically and form the pyrolysis gas together with the introduced from below fluidizing gas.

The pyrolysis gas consists on the one hand of a non-condensable gas at room temperature, which consists mainly of ethane, ethene, hydrogen and hydrocarbon. Furthermore, the pyrolysis gas has a condensable fraction, which is referred to as pyrolysis oil. This pyrolysis oil is rich in so-called BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene).

Furthermore, in the fluidized bed of soot, which can be discharged together with the pyrolysis and deposited by a downstream cyclone. Depending on the configuration of the process, however, the resulting soot can also be removed separately from the pyrolysis reactor. This carbon black is referred to as Pyrolyseruß or as pyrolysis coke.

In the known method, finally, the metal components of the pyrolitically recycled composite material remain in the hot fluidized bed, namely in particular the steel cords from the reacted scrap tires. The steel cords are not converted by the fluidized bed and must be discharged separately from the pyrolysis reactor. - A -

Otherwise, blockages and / or collapse of the fluidized bed can occur.

However, the known method for fluidized-bed pyrolysis of scrap tires is disadvantageous in several respects.

By incorporating composite materials, namely scrap tires into the fluidized bed, no homogeneous feed can be provided, which would be desirable in view of consistent product quality and constant reaction conditions.

The metal parts (steel cords) are heated in the fluidized bed to the reaction temperature of 650 degrees Celsius to 900 degrees Celsius, which increases the energy consumption of the overall process. However, the energy required to heat the metal components is lost to the energy balance.

Furthermore, the turbulence or pyrolysis gas is strongly cooled by the required heating of the metal components, so that an undesirably high temperature gradient occurs within the reactor. The steel cords of used tires must be separated separately by consuming mechanical separation process in the warm part of the system from the pyrolysis reactor, as they easily entangled and thereby greatly affect the swirling of the layer. Clogged steel cords also lead to blockage of laxative piping. Due to the metal parts, in particular the steel cords covering bronze containing copper shares, the formation of pollutants such as dioxins and furans is favored.

The present invention is therefore based on the object, a method of the type mentioned in such a way and further that an energy-saving recycling of scrap tires or the like composite materials with consistent product quality and high added value is realized.

This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1. Thereafter, a method for pyrolytic recycling of waste from composite materials consisting of plastic and metal, in particular scrap tires, the following steps:

Separation of the metal components from the composite material,

- promotion of the remaining plastics in a pyrolysis reactor,

- Pyrolytic conversion of the plastic components,

- discharge of the obtained pyrolysis gas,

- Removal of the recovered carbon black and possibly remaining metal parts.

Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention can be taken from the following patent claims.

According to the invention, it has been recognized that even when utilizing composite materials in question, such as used tires, a homogeneous feedstock for the pyrolysis can be provided, in which the metal components are virtually completely removed from the composite material before the pyrolytic utilization.

In accordance with the invention, no or only small residual amounts of metal components are conveyed into the pyrolysis reactor. Consequently, no metal parts need to be heated unnecessarily in the reactor, which significantly improves the energy balance of the process.

Due to the lack of metal components in the pyrolysis reactor and the previous comminution, the residence time of a car tire in the reactor is enormously reduced, namely from about 3-4 minutes in the generic process to about 1-2 minutes in the process of the invention. This greatly increases efficiency and throughput. The lumpy and largely freed from steel cords feed material ensures a homogeneous entry and a uniform turbulence of the fluidized bed. In addition to extending the operating time, this leads to reduced corrosion and better product qualities.

Due to the non-existing metal components in the pyrolysis reactor, a constant reaction temperature is possible in accordance with the invention which does not produce any major effects Is subject to fluctuations. As a result, a constant composition of the pyrolysis gas obtained ensures consistent product quality. Consequently, the choice of suitable reaction conditions can purposefully realize a high added value by preferably producing valuable pyrolysis oils, in particular BTX aromatics.

Finally, according to the invention, the temperature gradient within the pyrolysis reactor is greatly reduced, so that the formation of valuable components such as BTX aromatics is favored.

Due to the achieved homogeneity of the feedstocks for the pyrolysis and the constant reaction conditions, the carbon black produced in the fluidized bed of the process according to the invention is of such high quality that it is generally free of further processing steps, such as drying or milling, e.g. suitable for use in new tire production or for use in activated carbon filters. The products of the process according to the invention are therefore 100% reusable.

Consequently, a method is provided, which realizes an energy-saving utilization of waste tires or the like composite materials with consistent product quality and high added value.

If the composite materials to be recycled are used tires, the separation of the metal components can be carried out by peeling off the plastic components from the used tires. This has the advantage that practically pure plastic material is obtained for the pyrolytic utilization. However, it can be assumed that small residual amounts of plastic material remain on the steel cords and have to be treated separately.

In a preferred embodiment, the separation of the metal components is carried out by comminuting the composite material and a subsequent metal deposition. In other words, the composite material or old tires is crushed and the metal parts or steel cords contained in a suitable manner from the comminuted Composite removed to obtain as pure plastic for subsequent recovery.

The composite material can be comminuted by shredding and / or granulating. The shredding refers to a coarser crushing of the starting material, are obtained in the larger pieces of tire. Preferably, the shredding is followed by a granulation step in which the larger pieces of composite material obtained by the shredding are passed through one or more subsequent granulation steps. Corresponding granulating presses are known from the prior art. The feeds are pressed under high pressure through a die. The granules obtained can have particle sizes of, for example, 0.4 to 8 millimeters.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the metal deposition takes place magnetically. In this case, the finely comminuted composite material is fed to a magnetic separator, whereby the metal portions are almost completely removable. In particular, the steel cords contained in the used tire are removable.

It is now possible that deposited metal parts still have plastic adhesions. An embodiment of the method is therefore preferred in which such metal portions with plastic adhesions are returned to the comminution step in order to achieve the cleanest possible separation of the materials.

It should be noted that in particular the steel cords contained in scrap tires due to the steadily growing raw material prices achieve a significant price as steel scrap, so that as complete as possible separation of plastic components is desirable from this point of view.

Overall, a development of the method is preferred in which at least about 90% by mass, in particular at least about 95% by mass, and in particular at least about 98% by mass, of the metal components are separated from the composite material.

The plastic parts of the composite material which are provided virtually completely free of the metal components can be conveyed via one or more screw conveyors dosed and conveyed into the reactor. For example, a metering screw can be provided, while a second screw continuously conveys the plastic material in the pyrolysis reactor. In order to prevent the escape of pyrolysis gas, the screw conveyors are to be sealed accordingly or, alternatively, a lock solution may be provided.

In a particularly preferred manner, the pyrolytic reaction of the plastic components is carried out in a heated fluidized bed. With regard to the advantages of this method, reference is made to the explanations of the generic method.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fluidized bed is heated by one or more radiant tubes. This allows a uniform heat input with reduced temperature fluctuations.

The fluidized material, which forms the fluidized bed in a fluidized state, may comprise sand, in particular quartz sand. This sand is favorably available, has good heat transfer properties, and is most suitably fluidizable by fluidizing gas. The fluidized material can advantageously also have soot, in particular from the pyrolysis of scrap tires. This has the advantage that the pyrolysis discharged contains smaller amounts of silica.

Alternatively or additionally, the fluidized material may comprise catalytically active materials, in particular zeolites. Such catalytically active materials may displace the product composition in a desired direction, for example providing an increased yield of pyrolysis oil. Furthermore, it is possible to use as eddy alumina.

Preferably, the fluidizing gas has recirculated pyrolysis gas. In this case, a part of the pyrolysis gas discharged from the reactor can be returned to the reactor directly or after a condensation step as fluidizing gas. As a result, an enrichment of pyrolysis oil can be achieved. The fluidizing gas may have admixtures of nitrogen and / or water vapor. Furthermore, can the fluidizing gas have admixtures of air, whereby a departure from a strictly anaerobic process is given.

Due to the limited addition of air to the fluidizing gas, a partial oxidation of pyrolysis gases is achieved. As a result, the heating performance is improved and the throughput of composite material or scrap tires can be further increased. Above all, hydrogen and gases are oxidized by a controlled air supply, so that the yield of BTX aromatics and soot remains largely unchanged.

In general, an embodiment is preferred in which the pyrolysis gas discharged from the reactor is separated into a gas phase and into a liquid phase, in particular by a cooling step. The pyrolysis gas is cooled down to room temperature, for example. This results in the aforementioned manner the valuable pyrolysis oil, which in particular has BTX aromatics. The remaining gaseous components include in particular ethane, ethene, hydrogen and hydrocarbon. The gas phase obtained can now be partially or completely recycled as fluidizing gas in the pyrolysis reactor, namely as described above. The remaining gas phase is referred to here as pyrolysis gas.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention is preferred in which the proportion of the gas phase in the total feed of the reactor is about 18% by mass. Thus, the amount of gas phase is more than sufficient to heat the pyrolysis reactor.

In a corresponding development of the method, the gas phase is accordingly used for heating the pyrolysis reactor and / or for recycling as a pyrolysis gas and / or for external energy generation, in particular in a gas engine. This means that it is not only possible to dispense with an external energy supply from fossil sources, but that with the method according to the invention even electricity for use by other processes or by third parties can be generated. In a further embodiment, the liquid phase or the pyrolysis oil predominantly benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene and naphthalene. In times of increased raw material prices, especially with regard to the price development of crude oil, it is particularly desirable to obtain a high proportion of pyrolysis oil when carrying out the proposed process.

The condensed liquid phase or the pyrolysis oil can be used directly as diesel or heating oil. As a result, fossil resources are spared in accordance with the invention.

In a preferred development, however, the liquid phase or the pyrolysis oil is decomposed into the pure constituents by one or more rectification steps, the pure constituents being usable in particular as raw materials in further chemical processes. With regard to the advantages of this development, reference is again made to the already discussed discussion of the price development for raw materials.

The pyrolysis produced in the fluidized bed can be discharged from the pyrolysis reactor together with the pyrolysis gas. In other words, the pyrolysis or coke is entrained by the pyrolysis gas flowing out. Alternatively or additionally, the pyrolysis effluent can be removed periodically or continuously by suitable sluice-like openings in the reactor.

Preferably, the pyrolysis is separated from the pyrolysis gas by one or more cyclones. A cyclone is a low-maintenance device for the separation of solids from gas streams. The cyclone has no moving parts and reliably separates particles up to a defined separation grain size from the gas stream. Of course, other known devices for the separation of solid particles from gas streams can be used here.

In general, a method is preferred in which the resulting pyrolysis has a particle diameter of about 5 .mu.m to about 150 .mu.m, in particular from about 30 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m. Pyrolysis with such grain sizes is particularly easy to process valuable products. This overall results in a particularly high added value of the method according to the invention.

In this regard, a method is proposed in which the resulting pyrolysis has an inner surface area of about 20 m ² / g to about 35 m ² / g, in particular about 30 m ² / g. Such a pyrolysis is particularly suitable for use as an adsorbent in the present form or after suitable further processing.

Alternatively or additionally, the recovered pyrolysis may be used for the production of rubber. For this purpose, it is advantageous to first crush the pyrolysis and sieve. The process according to the invention can provide a carbon black which consists of about 1% to about 5% of zinc oxide and / or zinc sulfide. The addition of such a carbon black to a crude rubber mixture is particularly advantageous because then none of the usual vulcanization accelerators must be added.

In a particularly preferred development of the inventive concept, the pyrolysis is used as activated carbon or worked up to activated carbon. It is advantageous that the gewonne Pyrolyseruß has a large inner surface and a suitable mean grain diameter.

The inner surface of the Pyrolyserußes can be further increased by using water vapor and / or by oxidation to obtain particularly powerful activated carbon. The activation with water vapor can take place at temperatures between about 850 degrees Celsius and about 950 degrees Celsius. As a suitable oxidizing agent, phosphoric acid can be used.

It may be desirable to increase the inner surface area of the pyrolysis to about 700 m ² / g to about 1000 m ² / g, in particular to about 900 m ² / g. With the method according to the invention can therefore be activated carbon as a particularly powerful adsorbent with highly porous structure and a particularly large inner surface provide. This can remove unwanted colorants, flavors and odors from gases, vapors and liquids. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis reactor is additionally supplied with further plastics, in particular polyolefins, and / or biomass. In this embodiment of the process, the variation of the starting materials makes a very specific influence on the product composition. Thus, by adding polyolefins and / or biomass, the product balance is deliberately shifted in the direction of an increased yield of pyrolysis oil, preferably giving rise to valuable BTX aromatics. The supplied plastics may consist of plastic waste that would otherwise be burned. The polyolefins mentioned may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene or EPDM (ethylene-propene-diene monomer) or a mixture thereof. The addition of biomass to the process according to the invention is particularly preferred in view of a particularly advantageous carbon dioxide balance of the process. It should be noted that the advantages of this embodiment are also achieved if no separation of the metal components from the composite material takes place before the pyrolysis step. Therefore, the proposed development also represents an improvement of the generic method in itself.

It has been found that with the inventive method, a particular high yield of pyrolysis oil or BTX aromatics can be achieved if the pyrolysis temperature about 600 degrees Celsius to about 800 degrees Celsius, especially about 700 degrees Celsius to about 750 degrees Celsius. This advantage is also achieved if no separation of the metal components from the composite material takes place before the pyrolysis step. The high reaction temperature reliably prevents the formation of dioxins.

In a preferred embodiment, the temperature change of the vortex / pyrolysis gas over the entire pyrolysis reactor is less than about 10 Kelvin. Such a small temperature change can only be achieved in the recycling of old tires or similar composite materials with the method according to the invention, since no metal components need to be heated up unnecessarily and comminuted or granulated tire material is used. The constant reaction temperature ensures a constant product composition and a particularly high yield of BTX aromatics. Since waste tires contain sulfur due to the vulcanization, finally an embodiment of the method is proposed in which the sulfur content is reduced by blowing limestone into the pyrolysis reactor. The sulfur is bound by the limestone.

There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the subordinate claims, on the other hand, to refer to the following explanation of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention with reference to the drawing. In conjunction with the explanation of the preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing, generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are explained. In the drawing shows

the single FIGURE is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for the pyrolytic recycling of waste tires or similar waste from composite materials.

The single figure shows a block diagram of a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. Scrap tires or the like composite material are removed from a warehouse and fed to a pre-crushing and granulation. During granulation, the steel cords are mostly removed from the scrap tires. The aim is to remove the metal components to at least about 90% by mass from the used tires. Particularly preferred is a separation of at least about 98% by mass of the metal components.

In a next step, the plastic components largely freed from the metal components are fed to a pyrolysis reactor in which a fluidized bed is formed. The fluidized material used is quartz sand and / or pyrolysis. The fluidized material is swirled by a fluidizing gas flowing in from below, creating a fluidized fluidized bed. The temperature of the fluidized bed is about 600 degrees Celsius to about 800 degrees Celsius, and is preferably in the range of about 700 degrees Celsius to about 750 degrees Celsius. The plastic components conveyed into the reactor are reacted pyrolytically. The result is a pyrolysis oil-rich Py- Rolysegas and pyrolysis or pyrolysis coke, which consists largely of carbon. The pyrolysis is entrained by the pyrolysis gas discharged.

This product stream passes in a next step in a product separation. The pyrolysis is separated by one or more cyclones by centrifugal separation from the pyrolysis gas.

The pyrolysis gas is separated by a sudden decrease in temperature with the aid of cooling water into condensable and non-condensable fractions. The resulting liquid phase has the valuable pyrolysis oil. The remaining gas phase is still referred to as pyrolysis gas. It mainly contains short-chain hydrocarbons.

The recovered pyrolysis may be fed to a buffer tank or a warehouse. In accordance with the invention, the pyrolysis is worked up to a powerful adsorbent, namely activated carbon. For this purpose, superheated steam and / or an oxidizing agent such as phosphoric acid is used. The recovered activated carbon is finally fed to a bagging device and can then be offered to the appropriate market participants.

The pyrolysis gas freed from the pyrolysis oil is conveyed via a compressor into a gasometer and held there for further use. It is now fed back on the one hand as fluidizing gas in the pyrolysis reactor. In this case, a portion of the recirculated pyrolysis gas can be thermally reacted to supply the pyrolysis reactor and / or external heat consumers with energy. In a particularly advantageous manner, a portion of air is added to the fluidizing gas, whereby the pyrolysis gas is partially oxidized. This heat energy is released.

The non-recycled part of the pyrolysis gas is generally recycled. This utilization can on the one hand consist in a thermal conversion of the pyrolysis gas. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas can be separated into the pure constituents and used as raw materials for the chemical industry. In the event of a technical failure of this branch of the plant, a flaring plant is available to render the pyrolysis gas harmless. The separated in the product separation pyrolysis oil is first fed to a buffer tank. Contained water settles here and can be forwarded to a waste water tank. The pyrolysis oil consists for the most part of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene and naphthalene. By means of a downstream rectification, this multicomponent mixture can be separated into the individual constituents, but at least into low and high boilers. The recovered high boilers can be reused directly as diesel oil, fuel oil and / or heavy oil.

The recovered low boiler fraction is rich in the valuable constituents benzene, toluene and xylene. The resulting BTX aromatics are separated into the pure constituents within the rectification step or in subsequent treatment stages. These can each be stored in tanks and offered to the relevant market participants as pure raw materials.

In summary, the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain waste tires from the problematic waste both high-quality activated carbon and particularly valuable BTX aromatics in pure form.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the embodiment described above discusses the claimed teaching, but does not limit it to the exemplary embodiment.

Claims

Patent claims

A process for the pyrolytic recycling of wastes of composite materials consisting of plastic and metal, in particular waste tires, the process comprising the following steps:

Separation of the metal components from the composite material,

- promotion of the remaining plastics in a pyrolysis reactor,

- Pyrolytic conversion of the plastic components,

- discharge of the obtained pyrolysis gas,

- Removal of the recovered pyrolysis (pyrolysis) and possibly remaining metal components.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the metal components by peeling off the plastic components of the scrap tires takes place.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separation of the metal components by comminuting the composite material and subsequent metal deposition takes place.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite material is comminuted by shredding and / or granulation.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the metal deposition takes place magnetically.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that deposited metal portions are recycled with plastic adhesions in the crushing step.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least about 90 mass% (Ma .-%), in particular at least about 95 Ma .-%, and in particular at least about 98% by weight of the metal components are separated from the composite material.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the provided plastic components are metered via one or more screw conveyors and conveyed into the reactor.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pyrolytic reaction of the plastic components is carried out in a heated fluidized bed.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the fluidized bed is heated by one or more Strahlheizrohre.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the fluidized material sand, in particular quartz sand, and / or soot, in particular from the pyrolysis of used tires having.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the fluidized material catalytically active materials, in particular zeolites.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the fluidizing gas recirculated pyrolysis gas and / or nitrogen and / or water vapor and / or air.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is partially oxidized by supplying air.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the pyrolysis gas discharged from the reactor - in particular by a cooling step - in a gas phase and in a liquid phase (pyrolysis oil) is separated.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the proportion of the gas phase in the total feed of the reactor is about 18 wt .-%

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the gas phase for heating the pyrolysis reactor and / or for recycling as vortex / pyrolysis gas and / or for external power generation, in particular in a gas engine, is used.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the liquid phase comprises predominantly benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene and naphthalene.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the liquid phase is used directly as diesel or heating oil.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the liquid phase is decomposed by one or more rectification steps in the pure constituents, which are used in particular as raw materials.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the pyrolysis is discharged together with the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis reactor.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the pyrolysis is separated by one or more cyclones of the pyrolysis gas.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the pyrolysis has a particle diameter of about 5 microns to about 150 microns, in particular from about 30 microns to about 100 microns.

24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the pyrolysis has an inner surface of about 20 m ² / g to about 35 m ² / g, in particular about 30 m ² / g.

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the pyrolysis is used for the production of rubber.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the pyrolysis is used as activated carbon or processed into activated carbon.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the inner surface of the pyrolysis is increased by the use of water vapor and / or by oxidation.

28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the inner surface of the Pyrolyserußes to about 700 m ² / g to about 1000 m ² / g, in particular to about 900 m ² / g, is increased.

29. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the pyrolysis additional plastics, in particular polyolefins, and / or biomass are supplied.

30. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the pyrolysis temperature is about 600 degrees Celsius to about 800 degrees Celsius, in particular about 700 degrees Celsius to about 750 degrees Celsius.

31. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the temperature change over the entire pyrolysis reactor is less than about 10 Kelvin.

32. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the sulfur content is reduced by blowing limestone into the pyrolysis reactor.