WO2008118033A1 - Modified wood producing method - Google Patents
Modified wood producing method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008118033A1 WO2008118033A1 PCT/RU2007/000143 RU2007000143W WO2008118033A1 WO 2008118033 A1 WO2008118033 A1 WO 2008118033A1 RU 2007000143 W RU2007000143 W RU 2007000143W WO 2008118033 A1 WO2008118033 A1 WO 2008118033A1
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- sleepers
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
- B27K3/0285—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation for improving the penetration of the impregnating fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
- B27K5/0065—Ultrasonic treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/02—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from wood
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/36—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using mechanical effects, e.g. by friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
- B27K3/44—Tar; Mineral oil
- B27K3/46—Coal tar
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
Definitions
- the invention relates to the woodworking industry, in particular, to the production of sleepers from modified wood.
- the technical disadvantage of this method is the low 5 form stability of the resulting wood, because when staying in the water, the railroad ties restore their original sizes by 80%.
- the technical problem, the solution of which the Yu invention is aimed, is to increase the form stability of modified wood for sleepers.
- a method for producing modified wood including simultaneous drying, impregnation and pressing of wood in an oily antiseptic according to the invention, throughout the process, XJ wood is exposed to a pulsed ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz, 4 kW, and ultrasound pulses of 2.5- 3 min. alternate with pauses of 6-6.5 minutes.
- antiseptics such as coal oil, shale oil, liquid toluene condensate (ZhTK), etc. All these antiseptics do not protect the wood from swelling.
- Ultrasound wood processing under soft conditions leads to an increase permeability (Konovalova NN Establishment of optimal regimes for combined treatment of oak wood with ultrasound and heat to accelerate the maturation of cognac spirits during their tank aging - Abstract. Diss. Cand. Tech. Sciences, M., MGUPP, 2004, 28 s).
- ultrasonic treatment under severe conditions - a frequency of 20 kHz, a power of 4 kW, leads to the melting of individual wood components - hemicelluloses and part of the lignin in the middle plate, which ultimately can lead to a decrease in the strength of wood.
- the method is as follows. Raw billets of soft hardwood and conifers are placed in a drying impregnating bath and pump hot antiseptic, such as coal oil. The oil temperature is maintained at 90-100 0 C, the mechanical pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa for 6 hours. Simultaneously with drying, impregnation and pressing during the whole process, the wood is treated with an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW with alternating exposure to an ultrasound pulse of 2.5-3 minutes. and pauses of 6-6.5 minutes. As a result of exposure to ultrasound, pressed wood acquires hydrophobic properties, and its swelling in water does not exceed 12%, as can be seen from the table.
- a drying impregnating bath and pump hot antiseptic such as coal oil.
- the oil temperature is maintained at 90-100 0 C
- the mechanical pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa for 6 hours.
- the wood is treated with an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW
- Example 1 Examples of a specific implementation of the invention Example 1.
- Raw materials - aspen blanks with a diameter of 25 cm, a length of 275 cm were placed in an impregnation bath with coal oil and dried at a temperature of 100 0 C for 6 hours with simultaneous pressing under a pressure of 1.0 MPa.
- the wood was pulsed by an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW with an alternating ultrasound pulse of 3 minutes.
- the proposed method allows to obtain sleepers from pressed wood of soft hardwood and coniferous species that are superior in strength to oak wood, and the swelling of such sleepers after a long stay in water remains at the level of swelling of natural (unpressed) wood, i.e. fully comply with GOST 78-2004.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the woodwork and timber industry, in particular to producing modified wood sleepers. The inventive modified wood producing method consists in simultaneously drying, impregnating and pressing wood in oil-born wood preservative, wherein, during the entire process, the wood is exposed to the action of a pulse ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and power of 4 kW, ultrasonic pulses of 2.3-3.0 min alternating with intervals of 6.0-6.5 min. Said invention makes it possible to increase the shape stability of sleepers made of modified wood.
Description
Способ получения модифицированной древесины The method of obtaining modified wood
Область техники, к которой относится изобретениеFIELD OF THE INVENTION
Изобретение относится к деревообрабатывающей промышленности, в частности, к получению шпал из модифицированной древесины.The invention relates to the woodworking industry, in particular, to the production of sleepers from modified wood.
Уровень техники Известны способы получения модифицированной древесины, включающие пропитку древесины водным раствором карбамида и последующую одновременную сушку и прессование, в которых для придания формостабильности получаемой древесине, в раствор карбамида добавляют уротропин или форконденсат карбамидоформальдегидного олигомера (см. Пат. РФ Ш 2131351, МПК B27 К 3/50, 1999 г. и Пат. РФ JYs 2229377, МПК B27 К 3/50, 2001 г.).BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are known methods for producing modified wood, including impregnating wood with an aqueous urea solution and subsequent simultaneous drying and pressing, in which, to give the formability of the resulting wood, urotropine or urea-formaldehyde oligomer precondensate is added to the urea solution (see Pat. RF W 2131351, IPC B27 K 3/50, 1999 and Pat. RF JYs 2229377, IPC B27 K 3/50, 2001).
Недостатком этих способов является то, что оба стабилизатора размеров древесины проявляют свои свойства в сухой древесине, когда ее влажность понизится до 4-6 % (вода в древесине ингибирует процессы полимеризации и сшивки модификатора с компонентами древесины), поэтому получить формостабильную модифицированную древесину с влажностью, например, 20 % невозможно. Известен также наиболее близкий к предложенному по совокупности признаков способ получения модифицированной древесины для шпал, включающий одновременную сушку-
пропитку до влажности 20 % в каменноугольном масле с прессованием и получением готовой шпалы (см. Пат. РФ JN22128113, МПК B27 К 3/08, 1999г.).The disadvantage of these methods is that both wood size stabilizers exhibit their properties in dry wood when its moisture content drops to 4-6% (water in the wood inhibits the polymerization and crosslinking of the modifier with the wood components), therefore, to obtain a form-stable modified wood with moisture, for example, 20% is impossible. Also known is the closest to the proposed combination of features a method of producing modified wood for sleepers, including simultaneous drying impregnation to a moisture content of 20% in coal oil with pressing and obtaining finished sleepers (see Pat. RF JN22128113, IPC B27 K 3/08, 1999).
Техническим недостатком этого способа является низкая 5 формостабильность получаемой древесины, поскольку при пребывании в воде шпала на 80 % восстанавливает свои первоначальные размеры.The technical disadvantage of this method is the low 5 form stability of the resulting wood, because when staying in the water, the railroad ties restore their original sizes by 80%.
Раскрытие заявляемого изобретенияDisclosure of the claimed invention
Техническая задача, на решение которой направлено Ю изобретение, - повышение формостабильности модифицированной древесины для шпал. Для этого в способе получения модифицированной древесины, включающем одновременную сушку, пропитку и прессование древесины в маслянистом антисептике, согласно изобретению, на всем протяжении процесса на XJ древесину воздействуют импульсным ультразвуковым полем частотой 20 кГц, мощностью 4 кВт, причем импульсы ультразвука длительностью 2,5-3 мин. чередуют с паузами длительностью 6-6,5 мин.The technical problem, the solution of which the Yu invention is aimed, is to increase the form stability of modified wood for sleepers. To this end, in a method for producing modified wood, including simultaneous drying, impregnation and pressing of wood in an oily antiseptic according to the invention, throughout the process, XJ wood is exposed to a pulsed ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz, 4 kW, and ultrasound pulses of 2.5- 3 min. alternate with pauses of 6-6.5 minutes.
При получении шпал используют только маслянистыеUpon receipt of sleepers use only oily
20 антисептики, такие как каменноугольное масло, сланцевое масло, жидкий толуоловый конденсат (ЖТК) и др. Все эти антисептики не защищают древесину от разбухания. Введение же в маслянистые антисептики применяемых в настоящее время стабилизаторов древесины, таких как олигомеры синтетических смол, невозможно20 antiseptics, such as coal oil, shale oil, liquid toluene condensate (ZhTK), etc. All these antiseptics do not protect the wood from swelling. The introduction into woody antiseptics of currently used wood stabilizers, such as oligomers of synthetic resins, is impossible
25 из-за их несовместимости.25 due to their incompatibility.
Обработка древесины ультразвуком при мягких режимах (частота 21 кГц, мощность 0,3 кВт) приводит к увеличению
проницаемости (Коновалова Н.Н. Установление оптимальных режимов комбинированной обработки древесины дуба ультразвуком и теплом для ускорения созревания коньячных спиртов при их резервуарной выдержке - Автореф. Дисс. Канд. Техн. наук, M., МГУПП, 2004, 28 с). Для древесины шпал обработка ультразвуком при жестких режимах - частота 20 кГц, мощность 4 кВт, приводит к расплавлению отдельных компонентов древесины - гемицеллюлоз и части лигнина в срединной пластинке, что в конечном итоге может привести к снижению прочности древесины. В результате расплавления компонентов древесины происходит сшивка и появление новых трехмерных структур, но уже не за счет внешних химических реагентов, а за счет компонентов самой древесины. Для исключения снижения прочности древесины при обработке ультразвуком его воздействие делают импульсным путем чередования импульсов воздействия и пауз. Длительность импульса ультразвука должна составлять 2,5 мин., чтобы все легкоплавкие компоненты древесины успели расплавиться, и не превышать 3 мин., после чего снижается прочность древесины за счет деструкции целлюлозного скелета. Длительность паузы менее 6 мин. нецелесообразна, т.к. древесина после разогрева ультразвуком продолжает по инерции саморазогреваться (эффект термоинерции). Длительность паузы более 6,5 мин. ведет к стеклованию реакционной массы и необходимости увеличения длительности воздействия ультразвука. Осуществление заявляемого изобретенияUltrasound wood processing under soft conditions (frequency 21 kHz, power 0.3 kW) leads to an increase permeability (Konovalova NN Establishment of optimal regimes for combined treatment of oak wood with ultrasound and heat to accelerate the maturation of cognac spirits during their tank aging - Abstract. Diss. Cand. Tech. Sciences, M., MGUPP, 2004, 28 s). For hardwood sleepers, ultrasonic treatment under severe conditions - a frequency of 20 kHz, a power of 4 kW, leads to the melting of individual wood components - hemicelluloses and part of the lignin in the middle plate, which ultimately can lead to a decrease in the strength of wood. As a result of the melting of the wood components, cross-linking and the appearance of new three-dimensional structures occur, but not due to external chemical reagents, but due to the components of the wood itself. To eliminate the reduction in the strength of wood during ultrasonic treatment, its effect is made pulsed by alternating the impact pulses and pauses. The duration of the ultrasound pulse should be 2.5 minutes, so that all the fusible components of the wood have time to melt, and not exceed 3 minutes, after which the strength of the wood decreases due to the destruction of the cellulose skeleton. Pause duration less than 6 minutes. impractical because wood after heating by ultrasound continues to self-heat by inertia (thermal inertia effect). The pause duration is more than 6.5 minutes. leads to the glass transition of the reaction mass and the need to increase the duration of exposure to ultrasound. The implementation of the claimed invention
Способ осуществляют следующим образом. Сырые заготовки мягких лиственных и хвойных пород помещают в сушильно-
пропиточную ванну и закачивают горячий антисептик, например, каменноугольное масло. Температуру масла поддерживают 90- 1000C, механическое давление 0,8-1,2 мПа в течение 6 часов. Одновременно с сушкой, пропиткой и прессованием в течение всего процесса древесину обрабатывают ультразвуковым полем частотой 20 кГц, мощностью 4 кВт с чередованием воздействия импульса ультразвука 2,5-3 мин. и паузы 6-6,5 мин. В результате воздействия ультразвука прессованная древесина приобретает гидрофобные свойства, и ее разбухание в воде не превышает 12 %, как видно из таблицы.The method is as follows. Raw billets of soft hardwood and conifers are placed in a drying impregnating bath and pump hot antiseptic, such as coal oil. The oil temperature is maintained at 90-100 0 C, the mechanical pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa for 6 hours. Simultaneously with drying, impregnation and pressing during the whole process, the wood is treated with an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW with alternating exposure to an ultrasound pulse of 2.5-3 minutes. and pauses of 6-6.5 minutes. As a result of exposure to ultrasound, pressed wood acquires hydrophobic properties, and its swelling in water does not exceed 12%, as can be seen from the table.
ТаблицаTable
Показатели физико-механических свойств модифицированной древесиныIndicators of physical and mechanical properties of modified wood
Примеры конкретного выполнения изобретения Пример 1. Сырье - осиновые заготовки диаметром 25 см, длинной 275 см помещали в пропиточную ванну с каменноугольным
маслом и сушили при температуре 1000C в течение 6 ч. с одновременным прессованием под давлением 1,0 мПа. На всем протяжении процесса на древесину импульсно воздействовали ультразвуковым полем частотой 20 кГц, мощностью 4 кВт с чередованием импульса ультразвука 3 мин. и паузы 6,5 мин. После завершения процесса сушки, пропитки и прессования получали готовую шпалу сечением 25x18 см плотностью 800 кг/м3, влажностью 20 % с предельным объемным разбуханием при водопоглощении 12 %. Пример 2. Сырые заготовки сосны диаметром 23 см, длинойExamples of a specific implementation of the invention Example 1. Raw materials - aspen blanks with a diameter of 25 cm, a length of 275 cm were placed in an impregnation bath with coal oil and dried at a temperature of 100 0 C for 6 hours with simultaneous pressing under a pressure of 1.0 MPa. Throughout the process, the wood was pulsed by an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW with an alternating ultrasound pulse of 3 minutes. and pauses 6.5 minutes After completion of the drying, impregnation and pressing process, a finished cross-ties with a cross-section of 25x18 cm, a density of 800 kg / m 3 , a moisture content of 20% and a limiting volumetric swelling with water absorption of 12% were obtained. Example 2. Raw billets of pine with a diameter of 23 cm, length
150 см помещали в пропиточную ванну с маслом ЖТК и сушили при температуре 1050C в течение 5 ч. с одновременным уплотнением при давлении 1,1 мПа. На всем протяжении процесса на древесину импульсно воздействовали ультразвуковым полем частотой 20 кГц, мощностью 4 кВт с чередованием импульса ультразвука 2,5 мин. и паузы 6 мин. После завершения процесса сушки, пропитки и прессования получали готовую шпалу плотностью 900 кг/м3, влажностью 18% с предельным объемным разбуханием при водопоглощении 12,1 %. Предлагаемый способ позволяет получать шпалы из прессованной древесины мягких лиственных и хвойных пород, по прочности превосходящие древесину дуба, причем разбухание таких шпал после длительного пребывания в воде остается на уровне разбухания натуральной (непрессованной) древесины, т.е. полностью соответствуют ГОСТ 78-2004.
150 cm was placed in an impregnation bath with oil of a ZhTK and dried at a temperature of 105 0 C for 5 hours with simultaneous compaction at a pressure of 1.1 MPa. Throughout the process, the wood was pulsed by an ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW with an alternating ultrasound pulse of 2.5 minutes. and pauses 6 minutes After completion of the drying, impregnation and pressing process, a finished sleeper was obtained with a density of 900 kg / m 3 , a moisture content of 18%, and an ultimate volumetric swelling with water absorption of 12.1%. The proposed method allows to obtain sleepers from pressed wood of soft hardwood and coniferous species that are superior in strength to oak wood, and the swelling of such sleepers after a long stay in water remains at the level of swelling of natural (unpressed) wood, i.e. fully comply with GOST 78-2004.
Claims
б b
Формула изобретенияClaim
Способ получения модифицированной древесины, включающий одновременную сушку, пропитку и прессование древесины в маслянистом антисептике, отличающийся тем, что на всем протяжении процесса на древесину воздействуют импульсным ультразвуковым полем частотой 20 кГц мощностью 4 kВт, причем импульсы ультразвука длительностью 2,5-3 мин. чередуют с паузами 6-6,5 мин.A method of producing modified wood, including simultaneous drying, impregnation and pressing of wood in an oily antiseptic, characterized in that throughout the process the wood is exposed to a pulsed ultrasonic field with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 4 kW, with ultrasound pulses lasting 2.5-3 minutes. alternate with pauses of 6-6.5 minutes
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2695710A1 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2014-02-12 | Borisov, Yurii Vladimirovich | Method for producing modified wood and device for carrying out said method |
| CN106272834A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-04 | 安徽三和工艺品有限公司 | A kind of board surface carbonization treatment technique |
| CN106272836A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 长沙源韵机械科技有限责任公司 | A kind of process technique accelerating the internal Form aldehyde release of artificial wooden sheet material |
| CN106313249A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽三和工艺品有限公司 | Deep carbonation method for thick and heavy wood plate |
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| EP2695710A1 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2014-02-12 | Borisov, Yurii Vladimirovich | Method for producing modified wood and device for carrying out said method |
| EP2695710A4 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2015-01-28 | Yurii Vladimirovich Borisov | Method for producing modified wood and device for carrying out said method |
| CN106272836A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 长沙源韵机械科技有限责任公司 | A kind of process technique accelerating the internal Form aldehyde release of artificial wooden sheet material |
| CN106272834A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-04 | 安徽三和工艺品有限公司 | A kind of board surface carbonization treatment technique |
| CN106313249A (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽三和工艺品有限公司 | Deep carbonation method for thick and heavy wood plate |
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