WO2008117296A1 - Détecteur d'alimentation - Google Patents

Détecteur d'alimentation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008117296A1
WO2008117296A1 PCT/IL2008/000441 IL2008000441W WO2008117296A1 WO 2008117296 A1 WO2008117296 A1 WO 2008117296A1 IL 2008000441 W IL2008000441 W IL 2008000441W WO 2008117296 A1 WO2008117296 A1 WO 2008117296A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
esophagus
ring
property
food
transmitter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/000441
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Richard Spehr
Ophir Bitton
Tamir Levi
Shai Policker
Original Assignee
Metacure Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metacure Ltd. filed Critical Metacure Ltd.
Publication of WO2008117296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008117296A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/0003—Apparatus for the treatment of obesity; Anti-eating devices
    • A61F5/0013—Implantable devices or invasive measures
    • A61F5/0076—Implantable devices or invasive measures preventing normal digestion, e.g. Bariatric or gastric sleeves
    • A61F5/0079—Pyloric or esophageal obstructions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/42—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the gastrointestinal, the endocrine or the exocrine systems
    • A61B5/4222—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs
    • A61B5/4233—Evaluating particular parts, e.g. particular organs oesophagus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0517—Esophageal electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36007—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of urogenital or gastrointestinal organs, e.g. for incontinence control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to implantable medical devices, and specifically to methods and apparatus for sensing and analyzing eating.
  • US Patent 6,735,477 to Levine which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a system including a food intake detection unit, and a stimulator for applying electrical or chemical stimulation upon detection of the intake.
  • the intake detection unit includes a sensor that is located over (e.g., adjacent) the esophagus to detect whenever food is passing therethrough.
  • the detection mechanism utilized may include, e.g., detection of changes in density of the esophagus, differences in the passage of light or sound waves, or peristaltic action.
  • the food intake detection unit may be placed surgically directly on the esophagus, or, alternatively, may be implanted subcutaneousIy.
  • US Patent 6,097,984 to Douglas which is incorporated herein by reference, describes techniques for directly stimulating the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of a patient in order to normally maintain it in a closed state, thereby preventing reflux and treating the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
  • the stimulation is inhibited in response to patient swallowing, by monitoring esophageal motility and timing out an inhibition period following detection of motility representative of swallowing.
  • the system utilizes an implanted stimulator which is programmed to deliver a train of stimulus pulses to one or more electrodes fixed around the gastro-esophageal junction and connected to the stimulator by one or more leads.
  • the motility sensing is performed by a sensor for sensing mechanical wave movement or electrical signals representative of high motility following swallowing.
  • the motility sensor and stimulating electrodes are attached laparoscopically, and are preferably carried by a common stent carrier which is sutured around the lower esophagus .
  • US Patent 7,310,557 to Maschino which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a method and apparatus for treatment of an eating disorder including electrically, mechanically and/or pharmaceutically/chemically stimulating the vagus nerve of the lower esophagus, cardia, esophageal/cardia junction, cardia/fundus junction or upper stomach, so as to induce afferent action potentials on the vagus nerve.
  • the device may be noninvasively adjusted after implantation to provide increased or decreased restriction on the patient's gastrointestinal tract.
  • Each stimulus may be administered as a series of programmed pulses of defined amplitude, duration and period, to evoke a responsive signal to the brain by the target nerve, effective for producing a temporary feeling of satiety in the person.
  • An implantable stimulus generator may be operatively coupled to a nerve electrode, pressure device or chemical outlet to apply a defined signal to a selected nerve branch.
  • the implantable stimulus generator is programmable to allow clinician programming of defined signal parameters effective to treat the eating disorder of the patient. Methods are also provided to identify electrodes nearest to a branch of the vagus nerve to apply an electrical stimulation signal with improved efficiency.
  • US Patent 6,591,137 to Fischell et al. which is incorporated herein by reference, describes techniques for treating gastrointestinal and other disorders via electrical stimulation of plural portions of a patient's gastrointestinal tract. The techniques use an implantable control module, sensors attached to various structures of the gastrointestinal tract, and electrodes also attached to various structures of the gastrointestinal tract. Signals received from the sensors are analyzed to identify events in the gastrointestinal system, and electrical stimulation is applied to structures of the gastrointestinal tract, in sequence, to restore normal function or achieve other clinically desirable results.
  • Electrical stimulation pulses are generated by an implantable neurostimulator and delivered to a portion of a patient's stomach located downstream from the lower esophageal sphincter via an implantable medical electrical lead.
  • a motility sensor is fixed in, on or near the stomach or esophagus, and provides a stimulation inhibition or disabling signal whenever the patient swallows or exhibits esophageal peristalsis .
  • US Patent 6,678,561 to Forsell which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a heartburn and reflux disease treatment apparatus including an electric stimulation device adapted to engage the cardia sphincter, and to electrically stimulate the cardia sphincter to increase the sphincter tonus, so that the cardia sphincter completely closes.
  • the apparatus includes a sensor that senses the contraction wave in the esophagus caused by the patient swallowing food, or a pressure sensor that directly or indirectly senses the pressure in the esophagus.
  • US Patent 5,833,625 to Essen-Moller which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an ambulatory system for recording and analyzing gastroesophageal reflux.
  • the system includes a digital recorder, an analysis software package, and a catheter for measurement of changes in esophageal impedance.
  • One embodiment allows for the determination of the direction of flow of the detected material in the esophagus, thus enabling the system to distinguish between swallowed saliva and alkaline gastroesophageal reflux.
  • US Patent Application Publication 2003/0066536 to Forsell which is incorporated herein by reference, describes food intake restriction apparatus, including an operable restriction device implanted in a patient and engaging the stomach or esophagus to form a restricted stoma opening in the stomach or esophagus.
  • the apparatus includes a source of energy for energizing the restriction device, and a control device for releasing energy from the source of energy from outside the patient's body. The released energy is used in connection with the operation of the restriction device to vary the size of the stoma opening to allow or substantially prevent the passage of food therethrough.
  • the restriction apparatus optionally includes a pressure sensor for directly or indirectly sensing the pressure in the stomach.
  • the control device may control the restriction device in response to signals from the pressure sensor.
  • an eating sensor comprises a ring that is configured to be placed around an esophagus of a subject, typically in a vicinity of a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) .
  • the ring comprises a flexible, biocompatible material such as silicone.
  • the ring is typically configured to be secured in place around the esophagus without being surgically coupled to the esophagus or any other tissue of the subject. As a result, implantation is less likely to cause damage to the esophagus or other tissue than techniques which require surgical coupling to the esophagus or other tissue, such as by suturing.
  • the senor is configured to sense the property of the esophagus. In an embodiment, the sensor is configured to sense electrical impedance between two sites of the esophagus.
  • the ring is between 50 and 80 Shore A.
  • the apparatus includes one or more electrodes that are configured to be applied to a stomach of the subject and to apply a signal to the stomach in response to the sensed property.
  • the apparatus includes an adjustable gastric band, configured to change a level of constriction thereof in response to the sensed property.
  • the ring is configured to be secured around the esophagus in a vicinity of a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of the subject.
  • LES esophageal sphincter
  • the ring includes a flexible material .
  • the ring is shaped to define a slot that is expandable during an implantation procedure to allow placement of the ring around the esophagus.
  • the ring is flexible and is configured to assume an annular shape by closing the slot, following placement of the ring around the esophagus.
  • opposing sides of the slot include a coupling mechanism that is configured to couple the opposing sides of the slot to each other following placement of the ring around the esophagus.
  • the sensor includes a transmitter and a receiver, which are located along the ring at respective locations such that at least a portion of the esophagus is between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the transmitter includes a source of radiation, and the detector is configured to detect the radiation.
  • the transmitter is configured to transmit with a duty cycle of between 0.1 ms/sec and 10 ms/sec .
  • the apparatus includes a control unit, configured to analyze the detected radiation and to identify the passage of food through the esophagus, in response to analyzing the detected radiation.
  • the transmitter is configured to transmit the radiation with a beam angle of between 15 and 45 degrees.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a food detection system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figs. 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of a ring of the system of Fig. 1, in accordance with respective embodiments of the present invention
  • Figs. 3A and 3B are respective schematic side- and front-view illustrations of a capsule of the system of Fig. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of an alternate configuration of the ring of the system of Fig. 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a food detection system 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 10 comprises a ring 20 and an implantable or external control unit 22, which is coupled to the ring either by one or more leads 24 or wirelessly (wireless configuration not shown) .
  • Ring 20 is configured to be placed around an esophagus 26 of a subject 28, typically in a vicinity of a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) 30.
  • Ring 20 typically comprises a flexible, biocompatible material, which is optionally elastic.
  • the material may comprise polyurethane, woven polypropylene, woven nylon, silicone rubber, silk, Teflon® (DuPont) , Delrin® (DuPont) , or PEEK.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B are schematic illustrations of ring 20, in accordance with respective embodiments of the present invention.
  • Ring 20 is typically configured to be secured around esophagus 26 without being surgically coupled to esophagus 26 or any other tissue of the subject, i.e., no portion of ring 20 or any surgical coupling elements (such as sutures or staples) penetrate tissue of the esophagus or other tissue in order to couple the ring to the esophagus (although tissue of the subject's body must be penetrated during the implantation procedure in order to insert the ring into the body) .
  • ring 20 is shaped so as to define a slot 40.
  • ring 20 comprises a coupling mechanism 32 for coupling the ends of the ring together around the esophagus.
  • the coupling mechanism may be similar to that of a conventional tie wrap, or may comprise one or more sutures, which couple the ends of the ring together without being coupled to the esophagus or other tissue of the subject.
  • the inner diameter of ring 20 is typically selected for each individual subject, and is generally several millimeters larger than a measured or estimated outer diameter of the subject's esophagus. Typically, the diameter is between about 2.5 and about 5 cm. In embodiments in which the ring comprises silicone rubber, the ring typically has a hardness of between about 50 and about 80 Shore A, such as about 65 Shore A.
  • Ring 20 comprises at least one sensor 50, and control unit 22 is configured to detect passage of food through the esophagus, and/or properties of such food, responsively to a signal generated by the sensor.
  • each sensor 50 comprises a transmitter 52 and a detector 54.
  • transmitter 52 comprises a source of radiation, such as infrared radiation (e.g., having a wavelength of about 880 ran) or visible light (e.g., red light) .
  • the source of radiation may comprise one or more LEDs.
  • Detector 54 may comprise, for example, a photodiode or a phototransistor .
  • the transmitter transmits with a duty cycle of between about 0.1 ms/sec and about 10 ms/sec, such as about 1 ms/sec, and/or with a beam angle of about 30 degrees +/- 15 degrees.
  • transmitter 52 and detector 54 comprise (a) ultrasound transducers for generating and detecting ultrasound energy, respectively (which, for some applications, are integrated into a single package) , (b) an electromagnetic field generator and sensor, respectively (which, for some applications, are integrated into a single package) , (c) a radiofrequency generator and sensor, respectively, (d) a Hall effect sensor, and/or (e) an impedance sensor, for sensing conduction of food.
  • the generator and detector are arranged around ring 20 such that the generated energy passes through at least a portion of esophagus 26.
  • the generator and detector may be between about 120 and about 180 degrees apart, e.g., between about 160 and about 180 degrees apart.
  • Control unit 22 analyzes the detected energy to detect the passage of food through the esophagus, and/or properties of the food.
  • ring 20 comprises a plurality of transmitters 52 and/or detectors 54.
  • the plurality of transmitters and detectors may be configured to function in respective transmitter/receiver pairs. Reference is made to Figs.
  • ring 20 comprises one or more capsules 70, each of which holds one element 72, which element comprises either transmitter 52 or detector 54.
  • Capsule 70 typically comprises a metal can 74, e.g., a titanium can, which is shaped so as to define a window 76, which may be rectangular or generally elliptical, for example.
  • the window comprises a sapphire window, which is bonded to can 74.
  • One or more wires 77 from leads 24 are coupled to element 72 using one or more feedthroughs 80, as is known in the pacemaker art.
  • Capsule 70 typically further comprises an epoxy cap 78 that stabilizes the leads and seals can 74. Capsule 70 thus is hermetically sealed, which generally results in long life.
  • capsules 70 are embedded in ring 20, as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B.
  • the capsules are coupled to an inner surface of ring 20, as described hereinbelow with reference to Fig. 4.
  • the capsules are coupled to an outer surface of the ring, in which case the ring is typically shaped so as to define one or more openings therethrough, to provide a transmission path between the transmitter and the receiver (configuration not shown) .
  • the capsules are coupled to a lower or upper surface of the ring, i.e., above or below the ring with respect to esophagus 26 (configuration not shown) .
  • capsule 70 has a length L of between about 4 and about 6 mm, e.g., about 5 mm, a width W of between about 4 and about 6 mm, e.g., about 5 mm, and a depth D of between about 1 and about 3 mm, e.g., about 2 mm.
  • leads 24 comprise between 2 and 4 conductors.
  • Each conductor element may comprise, for example, a drawn-filled tube (DFT) cable or coil, such as a 7x7 or a 1x19 cable.
  • the cable may be insulated with ETFE, silicone, or polyurethane, for example.
  • leads 24 are coupled to control unit 22 using IS-I connectors.
  • the conductor comprises a silver core having an MP35N or 35N LT shell.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of an alternate configuration of ring 20, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • capsule 70 is coupled to an inner surface of ring 20.
  • a flexible covering 90 covers all or a portion of the inner surface of the ring, and capsule 70 is positioned between the covering and the ring.
  • the covering, or appropriate portions thereof, are typically transparent, to provide a transmission path between the transmitter and the receiver.
  • control unit 22 is configured to additionally determine at least one property of the food, such as solid or liquid content, based on the signal generated by sensor 50.
  • the control unit determines the property by analyzing a parameter of esophagus 26 (such as electrical impedance between two sites of the esophagus) that is indicative of passage of the food.
  • the control unit directly analyzes a property of the food in order to determine the properties of the food.
  • the control unit may perform • spectroscopic analysis of the food based on the signal generated by the sensor.
  • ring 20 alternatively or additionally comprises at least one treatment element, such as at least one electrode, which is configured to apply a treatment to the esophagus, such as electrical stimulation (configuration not shown) .
  • a treatment element such as at least one electrode
  • system 10 may be configured to apply an electrical signal to the vicinity of the LES in order to prevent and/or treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
  • GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • system 10 is used in conjunction with one or more electrodes that are configured to be applied to a stomach of the subject (configuration not shown) .
  • control unit 22 In response to detection of eating using system 10, and/or properties of the ingested food determined using system 10, control unit 22 (or another control unit) drives the electrodes to apply a signal to the stomach, and, for example, configures the signal to enhance satiety of the subject. Alternatively or additionally, in response to detection of eating using system 10, and/or properties of the ingested food determined using system 10, control unit 22 (or another control unit) tightens or loosens an adjustable gastric band that is around the subject's stomach (e.g., by injecting fluid into or withdrawing fluid from a chamber of the gastric band) .
  • these embodiment utilize techniques described in one or more of the co-assigned applications incorporated hereinbelow by reference or in one or more of the references described in the Background section of the present patent application.
  • food detection system 10 replaces or supplements the impedance- and/or antral sense-based eating sensors in these co-assigned applications .
  • the scope of the present invention includes embodiments described in the following applications, which are assigned to the assignee of the present application and are incorporated herein by reference.
  • techniques and apparatus described in one or more of the following applications are combined with techniques and apparatus described herein:
  • Electrodes Electrodes, tools, and methods for gastric wall implantation

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (10), comprenant une anneau (20) configurée pour être fixée autour de l'œsophage (26) d'un sujet sans être couplé chirurgicalement à l'œsophage ou à tout autre tissu du sujet. Un détecteur (50) est couplé à l'anneau et configuré pour détecter au moins une propriété indicative de passage d'aliments à travers l'œsophage, la propriété étant choisie dans le groupe constitué par : une propriété de l'œsophage et une propriété de l'aliment.
PCT/IL2008/000441 2007-03-28 2008-03-30 Détecteur d'alimentation WO2008117296A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90848207P 2007-03-28 2007-03-28
US60/908,482 2007-03-28

Publications (1)

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WO2008117296A1 true WO2008117296A1 (fr) 2008-10-02

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2082708A3 (fr) * 2008-01-28 2009-08-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Procédés et dispositifs pour mesurer l'impédance dans un système de restriction gastrique
WO2010115203A1 (fr) 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Intrapace, Inc. Systèmes et procédés comportant un retour d'informations pour améliorer des traitements obstructifs et d'autres traitements contre l'obésité
US8214049B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2012-07-03 Intrapace Inc. Gastric stimulation systems and methods utilizing a transgastric probe
US8239027B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2012-08-07 Intrapace, Inc. Responsive gastric stimulator
US8934976B2 (en) 2004-09-23 2015-01-13 Intrapace, Inc. Feedback systems and methods to enhance obstructive and other obesity treatments, optionally using multiple sensors
US8934975B2 (en) 2010-02-01 2015-01-13 Metacure Limited Gastrointestinal electrical therapy
US9101765B2 (en) 1999-03-05 2015-08-11 Metacure Limited Non-immediate effects of therapy
US9233075B2 (en) 2005-08-09 2016-01-12 Metacure Limited Satiety
US9339190B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2016-05-17 Metacure Limited Charger with data transfer capabilities
US9486623B2 (en) 2014-03-05 2016-11-08 Rainbow Medical Ltd. Electrical stimulation of a pancreas
US9821158B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2017-11-21 Metacure Limited Non-immediate effects of therapy
EP3308830A1 (fr) * 2011-04-14 2018-04-18 Endostim, Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour traiter une maladie de reflux gastro- sophagien
US10272242B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2019-04-30 Endostim, Inc. Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US10406356B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2019-09-10 Endostim, Inc. Systems and methods for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US10426955B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2019-10-01 Endostim, Inc. Methods for implanting electrodes and treating a patient with gastreosophageal reflux disease
US11052254B2 (en) 2013-09-03 2021-07-06 Endostim (Abc), Llc Methods and systems of electrode polarity switching in electrical stimulation therapy
US11052248B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2021-07-06 Endostim (Abc), Llc Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11058876B2 (en) 2010-03-05 2021-07-13 Endostim (Abc), Llc Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11559385B2 (en) 2020-04-24 2023-01-24 Jt Godfrey, Llc Device for use with body tissue sphincters
US11577077B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2023-02-14 Endostim, Inc. Systems and methods for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11628052B2 (en) 2020-05-13 2023-04-18 Jt Godfrey, Llc Device for use with body tissue sphincters
US11717681B2 (en) 2010-03-05 2023-08-08 Endostim, Inc. Systems and methods for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease
US11786726B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2023-10-17 Endostim, Inc. Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11819683B2 (en) 2016-11-17 2023-11-21 Endostim, Inc. Modular stimulation system for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders

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EP1004330A1 (fr) * 1998-11-25 2000-05-31 Medtronic, Inc. Procédé et système de stimulation pour le traitement des affections du reflux gastro-oesophagien
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Cited By (35)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9101765B2 (en) 1999-03-05 2015-08-11 Metacure Limited Non-immediate effects of therapy
US8239027B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2012-08-07 Intrapace, Inc. Responsive gastric stimulator
US8364269B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2013-01-29 Intrapace, Inc. Responsive gastric stimulator
US9517152B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2016-12-13 Intrapace, Inc. Responsive gastric stimulator
US9662240B2 (en) 2004-09-23 2017-05-30 Intrapace, Inc. Feedback systems and methods to enhance obstructive and other obesity treatments, optionally using multiple sensors
US8934976B2 (en) 2004-09-23 2015-01-13 Intrapace, Inc. Feedback systems and methods to enhance obstructive and other obesity treatments, optionally using multiple sensors
US9259342B2 (en) 2004-09-23 2016-02-16 Intrapace, Inc. Feedback systems and methods to enhance obstructive and other obesity treatments, optionally using multiple sensors
US9821158B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2017-11-21 Metacure Limited Non-immediate effects of therapy
US9339190B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2016-05-17 Metacure Limited Charger with data transfer capabilities
US9233075B2 (en) 2005-08-09 2016-01-12 Metacure Limited Satiety
US11517750B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2022-12-06 Endostim, Inc. Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US10272242B2 (en) 2006-05-18 2019-04-30 Endostim, Inc. Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US10426955B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2019-10-01 Endostim, Inc. Methods for implanting electrodes and treating a patient with gastreosophageal reflux disease
US10406356B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2019-09-10 Endostim, Inc. Systems and methods for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11786726B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2023-10-17 Endostim, Inc. Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US11577077B2 (en) 2006-10-09 2023-02-14 Endostim, Inc. Systems and methods for electrical stimulation of biological systems
US8214049B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2012-07-03 Intrapace Inc. Gastric stimulation systems and methods utilizing a transgastric probe
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