WO2008116165A2 - Procédés et systèmes d'administration d'une médication par inhalation - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes d'administration d'une médication par inhalation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008116165A2
WO2008116165A2 PCT/US2008/057847 US2008057847W WO2008116165A2 WO 2008116165 A2 WO2008116165 A2 WO 2008116165A2 US 2008057847 W US2008057847 W US 2008057847W WO 2008116165 A2 WO2008116165 A2 WO 2008116165A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrochloride
sodium
vaccine
recombinant
sulfate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/057847
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008116165A9 (fr
WO2008116165A3 (fr
Inventor
Edward Lemahieu
Charles Jones
Tom Stern
Jack Hebrank
Charles Eric Hunter
Lyndell Duvall
Chris Hartley
Bernard L. Ballou, Jr.
Jocelyn Hunter
Laurie Mcneil
Paul Wetzel
Ron Criss
Original Assignee
Next Safety, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/689,315 external-priority patent/US20080066741A1/en
Application filed by Next Safety, Inc. filed Critical Next Safety, Inc.
Publication of WO2008116165A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008116165A2/fr
Publication of WO2008116165A9 publication Critical patent/WO2008116165A9/fr
Publication of WO2008116165A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008116165A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/005—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes using ultrasonics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0085—Inhalators using ultrasonics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A61M16/0069—Blowers or centrifugal pumps the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1075—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature
    • A61M16/109—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by influencing the temperature the humidifying liquid or the beneficial agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/006—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by applying mechanical pressure to the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/008—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by applying mechanical pressure to the liquid to be sprayed or atomised by squeezing, e.g. using a flexible bottle or a bulb
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/02—Inhalators with activated or ionised fluids, e.g. electrohydrodynamic [EHD] or electrostatic devices; Ozone-inhalators with radioactive tagged particles
    • A61M15/025—Bubble jet droplet ejection devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066—Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • A61M2016/0033—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical
    • A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0208—Oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/03—Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3569—Range sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3576—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver
    • A61M2205/3592—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6054—Magnetic identification systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6063—Optical identification systems
    • A61M2205/6072—Bar codes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
    • A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
    • A61M2206/14—Static flow deviators in tubes disturbing laminar flow in tubes, e.g. archimedes screws
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/04—Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
    • A61M2230/06—Heartbeat rate only
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
    • A61M2230/201—Glucose concentration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
    • A61M2230/205—Blood composition characteristics partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/30—Blood pressure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the delivery of medications by inhalation. Specifically, it relates to the delivery of medications using purified air at a positive pressure with delivery coordinated in time with the respiratory cycle of the user.
  • the present applicant has developed a family of portable breathing devices for providing the user with clean air.
  • beneficial substances e.g., medicines
  • the architecture of the lung is designed to facilitate gas exchange, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, which are required to sustain life.
  • the surface area of the adult human lung ranges between 50 and 100 square meters (538 and 1076 square feet). This surface area is comparable to the square footage of a small apartment.
  • the surface area of the lung is 25 to 50 times greater than the surface area of the skin on an average size adult male. This extensive surface area in the lung makes it a preferred target for systemic delivery of drugs. Humans are well aware of the ability of the lung to absorb drugs. 400 billion cigarettes were sold in the United States in 2001 alone. These sales were driven by the desire for the systemic absorption of nicotine. Nicotine is not the only drug readily absorbed from the lung.
  • drugs of abuse are preferentially inhaled because they are readily absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly transported to the brain without having to contend with the metabolizing effects of the liver that orally ingested medicines are subject to.
  • the inhaled route of medication delivery has been used to treat diseases of the lung. It is also the preferred route for non-invasive drug delivery for systemic delivery of medications. This would allow treatment of a variety of diseases that are affecting organ systems other than the lung.
  • the benefits of the inhaled route include rapid absorption, avoidance of metabolism by the liver, and the absence of discomfort and complications associated with the intravenous or intramuscular route.
  • the inhaled route for systemic delivery of medications has not been fully utilized to date because of the absence of a practical delivery device.
  • the most popular methods of delivering inhaled medications include nebulizers, pressurized multi dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers.
  • nebulizers include nebulizers, pressurized multi dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers.
  • Each device is accompanied by multiple issues that complicate its use.
  • the devices share technical impediments that complicate clinical use.
  • the impediments that are common to all current methods of drug delivery are difficulty of coordination with patient respiratory pattern, interaction of the delivered medication with pollutants including ozone, and the reliance on the patient to supply the energy needed to inhale the medication (which is difficult for those with compromised respiratory systems).
  • Nebulizers use pressurized gas to create respirable droplet aerosols less than 5 micrometers in diameter. Ultrasound nebulizers have also been developed but could not be used because of their inability to nebulize suspension formulations. Issues that complicate the use of pressurized gas nebulizers include the need for a compressed gas supply that significantly limits portability, the need for frequent cleaning of the device to prevent bacterial colonization, the flooding of the market with poorly designed, cheaply manufactured nebulizers and the variability of the delivered dose (usually only 20-25% of the instilled dose in high cost systems).
  • Pressurized multi-dose inhalers are historically the most common delivery system for inhaled medications. Chlorofluorocarbons were initially used as a vehicle for these devices but these have subsequently been replaced due to environmental concerns. This bolus method of delivery causes a wide variation in the amount of medicine delivered to patients. The bolus of medication will deposit in different levels of the pulmonary tree depending on the timing of the delivery of the bolus in relation to the inhalation cycle. Therefore, the dose depositing in the airways in vivo is different than that measured in the laboratory setting. Education and compliance are major issues. Proportions of the "metered dose" are lost in the mouthpiece and oropharynx. Spacers and reservoirs have been developed to try to improve on this technology, however a highly coordinated effort is still needed.
  • Dry powder inhalers try to improve this need for a coordinated delivery effort by making the systems passive.
  • the patient provides the power required to deliver the medicine to the lung.
  • dry powder inhalers on the market all with proprietary techniques and design. This in itself causes complications in that a patient may have to learn several different techniques if they are taking multiple medications.
  • small volume powder metering is not as precise as the measurement of liquids.
  • the ambient environmental conditions, especially humidity, can effect the dose of the drug reaching the lungs. A mistake as simple as exhaling into the device can effect drug delivery.
  • One method of administering a pharmaceutical composition includes the following steps: providing the pharmaceutical composition in a gaseous, vaporized, nebulized, or aerosol form; introducing the pharmaceutical composition into a purified air stream of air filtered to a particle size of no greater than about 10-20 nanometers; and administering the pharmaceutical composition to a host in need of treatment via inhalation of the pharmaceutical composition in the purified air stream.
  • a very small volume of the pharmaceutical composition(s) is delivered along with a very large volume of airflow, allowing excellent dosage control relative to metered dose inhalers (MDI).
  • MDI metered dose inhalers
  • systems of the present disclosure also provide a means for precisely controlling the temperature and humidity of the air delivered to the user.
  • systems of the present disclosure will allow dosing to be synchronized with the user's respiratory cycle allowing, for instance, drug delivery to the user only during inhalation.
  • the delivery is aided by the positive pressure generated in the system, thereby requiring minimum effort by the user. This is particularly important with patients at the extremes of age (young and old) and those who are mentally unsound or intellectually challenged.
  • One embodiment of a system for delivery of pharmaceutical compositions includes the following: a purified air generator for generating a purified air stream
  • a patient interface coupled to the purified air generator (e.g., a face mask connected via a hose or other conduit to the air source), and a means for introducing medication in gaseous, vaporized, or nebulized form into the air stream (e.g., a medical port adapted to receive a medication and convert it to aerosol for delivery into the purified air stream).
  • the purified air generator e.g., a face mask connected via a hose or other conduit to the air source
  • a means for introducing medication in gaseous, vaporized, or nebulized form into the air stream e.g., a medical port adapted to receive a medication and convert it to aerosol for delivery into the purified air stream.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of administering drugs to the respiratory system of a patient, where the drug is delivered using purified air supplied at a positive pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
  • Other embodimetns of the present disclosure include administering medicines to the respiratory system of a patient including delivering the drug to the patient using purified air supplied at a positive pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, where the drug is delivered to correspond in time with an inhalation portion of a respiratory cycle of the patient, and where information from one or more devices used to monitor a condition of the patient are used to adjust a rate and a timing of delivery of the drug to the patient.
  • Additioanl embodiments of the present disclosure also include methods and devices for administering drugs to the respiratory system of a patient by delivering the drug to the patient at a positive pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, where the patient is capable of unassisted breathing.
  • the drug is supplied in air, purified air, or a mixture of gases that is supplied at a positive pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three dimensional view of a prior art albuterol-containing aerosol canister for treating asthma.
  • FIG. 2A shows a front view and
  • FIG. 2B shows a side view of one embodiment of a system of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of an embodiment of the disclosed device.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of the disclosed medi port.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional side view of one embodiment of an adapter for use with the mixing chamber of the medi port of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of the disclosed mixing chamber.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of an adapter for use with the mixing chamber of FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of the disclosed medi port.
  • FIG. 9 show a sectional side view of an embodiment of the disclosed mixing chamber.
  • FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of an adapter for use with the mixing chamber of FlG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of a medi port connected to a hose.
  • FIGS. 12-14 show embodiments of medi ports of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate a sectional side view of embodiments of the disclosed medi port.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates side and front views of an embodiment of the disclosed medi port connected to an embodiment of the face mask of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates side and front views of another embodiment of the disclosed medi port connected to an embodiment of the face mask of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of the system of the present disclosure where the medical port is configured for networked data communications.
  • FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the medical port that features multiple ampules for delivery of multiple drugs.
  • FIG. 21 shows an embodiment of the blower and medical port that utilizes an air reservoir or bladder.
  • FIG. 22 is a graph of filter efficiency versus face velocity for 100 nm particles for standard filter materials tested.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure will employ, unless otherwise indicated, techniques of synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, and the like, which are within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a support” includes a plurality of supports. In this specification and in the claims that follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that shall be defined to have the following meanings unless a contrary intention is apparent.
  • anerosol or “aeorsolized drug” refers to a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas.
  • “aerosol” or “aeorsolized drug” may be used generally to refer to a drug that has been vaporized, nebulized, or otherwise converted from a solid or liquid form to an inhalable form including suspended solid or liquid drug particles.
  • genetic material generally refers to material that includes a biologically active component, including but not limited to nucleic acids (e.g., single or double stranded DNA or RNA or siRNA's), proteins, peptides, polypeptides, and the like.
  • nucleic acids e.g., single or double stranded DNA or RNA or siRNA's
  • proteins e.g., peptides, polypeptides, and the like.
  • surfactant or "pulmonary surfactant” generally refers to specific lipo-protein substances naturally produced in the lungs that are essential for proper breathing, alveolar stability and gas exchange.
  • Pulmonary surfactants are surface-active agents naturally formed by type Il alveolar cells that reduce the surface tension at the air-liquid interface of alveoli.
  • Pulmonary surfactants are generally made up of about 90% lipids (about half of which is the phospolipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)) and about 10% protein. At least four native surfactants have been identified: SP-A, B, C, and D.
  • surfactant also includes currently available surfactant preparations, including, but not limited to, Survanta® (beractant), Infasurf® (calfactant), Exosurf neonatal® (colfosceril palmitate), Curosurf® (poractant alfa), Surfaxin® (lucinactant), Aerosurf® (aerosolized Surfaxin®), Vanticute® (lusupultide), Alveofact® (bovactant), as well as preparations being developed.
  • purified air refers to air that has been synthesized from pure gasses or environmental air that has been filtered to reduce the amount of particulate matter and/or other contaminants such as, but not limited to, ozone, SO 2 , and NO 2 . While such contaminants may not be entirely removed/eliminated, the amount may be reduced from the amount found in the air of a particular environment and preferably reduced from the amount in air filtered with the use of HEPA grade filters. In some preferred embodiments, purified air includes less than about .03 % of particulate matter having a particle size greater than about 20 nm, as compared to the amount of particulate matter in the environmental air being purified.
  • the purified air includes less than about .0001% of the particle count of the environmental air being purified. In embodiments, purified air includes a reduced amount of ozone, as compared to the environmental air being purified. In some embodiments, purified air includes a reduced amount of of SO 2 , as compared to the environmental air being purified, and in some embodiments includes a reduced amount of NO 2 as compared to the environmental air being purified. In some preferred embodiments, the purified air has a reduced amount of ozone, a reduced amount of of SO 2 , and/or a reduced amount of NO 2 , and a particle count less than about .03% than the particle counts of the environmental air being purified.
  • positive pressure refers to a pressure of the air being supplied to the patient being greater than the atmospheric pressure.
  • respiratory system refers to the system of organs in the body responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expiration of carbon dioxide.
  • the system generally includes all the air passages from the nose to the pulmonary alveoli. In mammals it is generally considered to include the lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, nasal passages, and diaphragm.
  • delivery of a drug to the "respiratory system” indicates that a drug is delivered to one or more of the air passages of the respiratory system, in particular to the lungs
  • the terms “user”, “host”, and/or “patient” include humans and other living species that are in need of treatment and capable of being ventilated or of using the disclosed respirator.
  • the terms “user”, “host” and/or “patient” includes humans and mammals (e.g., cats, dogs, horses, chicken, pigs, hogs, cows, and other cattle).
  • the term "pharmaceutical drug” generally refers to any pharmaceutically effective compound used in the treatment of any disease or condition.
  • the pharmaceutical drug can be used in the treatment of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, lung infection, cystic fibrosis, AAT deficiency, COPD, ARDS, IRDS, BPD, and MAS, among many other conditions.
  • Useful pharmaceutical drugs that can be delivered via inhalation according to the disclosed methods include, but are not limited to, those that are listed within the Physician's Desk Reference (most recent edition, e.g., 2007), published by Thomson PDR.
  • Such drugs include, but are not limited to those set forth hereinafter in Table 1 , which drugs can be administered with the disclosed device for the correlated indication.
  • Table 1 provides a list of exemplary drugs that can be delivered via the instantly-disclosed device, all of which have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for pulmonary delivery.
  • Other drugs may be used in the presently disclosed methods, and the following list is not intended to be exhaustive.
  • the medical port device and delivery method of the present disclosure is intended to deliver any currently existing and future developed drugs that are currently or become approved for pulmonary delivery as they become available for clinical use.
  • peptides, polypeptides, and proteins are an effective way to deliver medications to the rest of the body via the pulmonary route. Additionally many peptides, polypeptides, and proteins also act themselves as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various conditions. For example, multiple proteins are currently undergoing research to alter metabolism. Over 60% of the U.S. population is considered obese. Obestatin, polypeptide YY and leptin are appetite-suppresing hormones. Ghrelin is an appetite boosting hormone. Rimonabant is a new medication which may be a possible new treatment for obesity. Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist SR141716A and opioid antagonist LY255582 are other medications that suppress the appetite.
  • Calcitonin is inhalable and can treat osteoperosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease.
  • FSH is a hormone that can treat infertility. Growth hormone can treat growth retardation. TSH can treat hypothyrodism, which can cause fatigue and weight gain.
  • Other hormones undergoing research as inhaled forms include somatostatin and parathyroid hormone. LHRH (luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone), including both agonist and antagonist inhalable forms, are being studied for osteoperosis. An inhaled phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction is also being studied.
  • Vassopressin analogue is used to treat a number of cardiovascular conditions.
  • Immunoglobulins are used to treat infections, and may in the future be customized and delivered to the patient to treat particular diseases or disorders. These all represent promising protein/peptide-based treatments for various diseases and conditions, and, based on preliminary research, the inhalational route may be the only, or most effective means of delivering these drugs.
  • the disclosed methods of administering drugs also include the delivery of other forms of genetic material (e.g., DNA and RNA) for treating various conditions such as treatment of the lung lining for persons suffering from cystic fibrosis, similar to stem cell treatments for Parkinsons disease (e.g., affecting brain stem), and diabetes (e.g., affecting Islets of Langerhorn).
  • Another drug including genetic material is dornase alpha, marketed under the trademark PulmozymeTM, recombinant DNAse, rhDNase, which is an enzyme used for cystic fibrosis, etc., to reduce the incidence of infection by hydrolyzing DNA in sputum viscoelasticity.
  • An inhalation form of lnterleukin I is being studied for asthma.
  • Interferon therapy is undergoing research for multiple sclerosis and Hepatitis B and C.
  • Survivin gene therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension and hA1PI (human alpha-1 protease inhibitor) or in- situ gene therapy to reduce certain types of emphysema are also being studied.
  • Gene therapy for cancer treatment or prevention is also being studied. Examples include aerosol gene therapy with replacement of p53 genes for lung cancer, and treatment with inhaled cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) for lung cancer.
  • Exemplary proteins for delivery according to the methods of the present disclosure can be found at the following database http://www.pir.uniprot.org/.
  • Lipids may also be delivered via the pulmonary rout via methods of the present disclosure; exemplary lipids can be found at the following database:http://www.lipidmaps.orq/data/structure/index.html.
  • Inhaled gases are another class of medications that can be delivered via the systems and methods of the present disclosure.
  • Nitrous Oxide is often used as an anaesthetic.
  • Heliox is used in patients undergoing respiratory distress.
  • GCSF human granulocyte colony stimulating factor
  • CNS Central nervous system
  • Nicotine is available in several forms but the present application of the medical port and delivery method proposes benefits and alternatives to tobacco addiction without exposure to the carcinogens of the tobacco products.
  • Inhaled drugs that treat migraine headaches and inhaled narcotics, such as morphine, for treatment of acute or chronic pain are also available.
  • Other CNS drugs undergoing research include entonox (inhaled sedative that is a combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen) and inhaled anxiolytics.
  • Cyclosporin A organ transplant rejection medicine
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin enzyme therapy is being studied for treatment of emphysema and cystic fibrosis. Delivery of saltwater solution two times as salty as the Atlantic Ocean has been beneficial in an inhaled form in cystic fibrosis patients.
  • Some other drugs or medications that have been identified as good candidates for use with the disclosed device are inhaled gases and sedatives/anesthetics like nitrous oxide for pulmonary hypertension or for pain. Desflurane and all the "anes" family of anesthetics are also potential candidates.
  • Corus Pharma of Seattle Washington is currently investigating inhaled lidocaine for alleviating chronic cough for cancer or chronic emphyzema.
  • Other drugs include anxiolytics such as midazolam, marketed under the trademark VersedTM for reducing anxiety (nasal Versed for children or adults is currently available), zolmitriptan, marketed under the trademark ZomigTM, and sumatriptan, marketed under the trademark ImitrexTM (which are currently available as nasal sprays for migraines); and antibiotics such as tobramycin solution, which is currently discussed in literature and is already inhalable for cystic fibrosis and bronchial infections, and vancomycin, which is not yet inhaled.
  • anxiolytics such as midazolam, marketed under the trademark VersedTM for reducing anxiety (nasal Versed for children or adults is currently available)
  • zolmitriptan marketed under the trademark ZomigTM
  • ImitrexTM which are currently available as nasal sprays for migraines
  • antibiotics such
  • Inhaled steroid drugs such as PulmicortTM are also currently available and are a good candidate for delivery via inhalation.
  • Drugs that are currently delivered in suppository format and thus rely on mucous membrane absorption represent another class of drugs that may be appropriate for delivery by the presently disclosed system.
  • a non-limiting example of such a suppository-based drug is promethazine, marketed under the trademark PhenerganTM, for dizziness and nausea, which is also available orally.
  • pulmonary drugs currently known and that can be used with the disclosed device include, but are not limited to, inhaled prostaglandins such as for newborns to correct patent ductus arteriosis (which closes the bypass hole in the heart); nitrolingual (a nitrogylcerin) pumpspray, which is FDA-approved (lingual spray) for treating coronary artery disease such as angina; and inhaled antihistamines such as azelastine, marketed under the trademark AstelinTM, and
  • DDAVP nasal spray which acts as an antidiuretic by having an effect on the kidneys.
  • drugs are not currently available for pulmonary administration but are likely candidates for delivery via patient inhalation. These include, for example, inhaled arthritis treatments and vaccines, such as an influenza nasal vaccine (for example that marketed under the trademark FlumistTM, which is currently delivered by syringe as a flu vaccine) and TB vaccines.
  • influenza nasal vaccine for example that marketed under the trademark FlumistTM, which is currently delivered by syringe as a flu vaccine
  • TB vaccines for example that marketed under the trademark FlumistTM, which is currently delivered by syringe as a flu vaccine
  • the disclosed device provides a comfortable, filter system for filtering out pathogens.
  • the medi port of the disclosed device to deliver ribavirin for inhalation, USP, marketed under the trademark VirazoleTM, or another suitable drug.
  • devices such as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/412,231, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety) in which ultraviolet light is used to destroy the DNA, RNA, or pathogens that enter the air stream in spite of the filtering system.
  • pharmaceutical drug as used herein is also intended to encompass the free acids, free bases, salts, amines, and various hydrate forms including semi-hydrate forms of the drugs mentioned above, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable formulations of such drugs that are formulated in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable excipient materials generally known to those skilled in the art, preferably without other additives such as preservatives.
  • the drug formulations do not include additional components such as preservatives, which may cause adverse effects.
  • such formulations consist essentially of a pharmaceutically active drug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (e.g., water and/or ethanol).
  • a drug is liquid without an excipient
  • the formulation may consist essentially of the drug, which has a sufficiently low viscosity that it can be aerosolized using a respirator device of the present disclosure.
  • drug formulations may include one or more active ingredients, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or excipient, as well as other compounds such as, but not limited to, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, and the like, as appropriate.
  • formulation generally refers to any mixture, solution, suspension or the like that contains an active ingredient and a carrier and has physical properties such that when the formulation is moved through the respirator device as described herein, the formulation is in a form that is delivered/inhaled/blown by positive pressure into the lungs of a patient.
  • the active ingredient may be any pharmaceutically active drug (as defined above), or diagnostic or imaging agent.
  • the carrier may be any pharmaceutically acceptable flowable agent that is compatible for delivery with the active agent.
  • Useful drugs include drugs defined above, systemically-active drugs delivered to the airways, and useful diagnostics including those used in connection with ventilation imaging.
  • the formulation may also comprise genetic material dispersed or dissolved in a carrier, where the genetic material (when in a cell of the patient) expresses a pharmaceutically active protein or peptide.
  • Formulations may be, for example, solutions, e.g., aqueous solutions, ethanoic solutions, aqueous/ethanoic solutions, saline solutions, colloidal suspensions and microcrystalline suspensions.
  • formulations can be solutions or suspensions of drug in a low boiling point or high vapor pressure propellant.
  • the formulations can be in solid form. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersable granules, and capsules.
  • Solid form preparations will be vaporized or aerosolized by the disclosed respirator device, as described hereinafter, so as to be inhaled by a host or patient.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients can be volatile or nonvolatile. Volatile excipients, when heated, are concurrently volatilized, aerosolized and inhaled with the pharmaceutical drug. Classes of such excipients are known in the art and include, without limitation, gaseous, supercritical fluid, liquid and solids.
  • the medical port device disclosed herein and method of delivery is applicable to FDA approved drugs, drugs undergoing current development and any future medications or drugs that can be delivered pulmonically (or via inhalation).
  • the above drugs and formulations are referenced as being currently or potentially delivered by inhalation or utilized by the respiratory or pulmonary system. It will be appreciated that delivery to nasal passageways and nasal membranes is also within the scope of the present disclosure, and the above drugs and formulations discussed are subject to delivery by the nasal route as well.
  • medication or drugs is used in the present disclosure, these terms are used widely to include any substance that may have some beneficial or treatment purpose, including amongst other things, substances like water vapor, saline solutions, or compounds used to enhance imaging.
  • the present disclosure provides systems and methods of delivery of drugs to the respiratory system of patients by delivering the medications in purified air at a positive pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
  • the medications are delivered at positive pressure with or without purified air to a patient capable of unassisted breathing.
  • the present disclosure provides a system and apparatus for inhaled delivery of medications using purified air at a positive pressure.
  • a device that can deliver the inhaled medications in precise doses and that can deliver medications continuously or in time coordinated response to the respiratory cycles of patients or wearers is also provided.
  • Disclosed herein are devices and systems configured to effortlessly deliver pharmaceutical preparations in purified air to lung air spaces of a patient in a highly efficient, controlled, and targeted manner.
  • the present disclosure provides a breathing apparatus that serves as a vehicle to administer medication to the user.
  • the present disclosure also provides methods and systems for administering a whole host of drugs via inhalation by a patient, including drugs not previously administered via inhalation.
  • the device delivers medications to patients where the patient is capable of breathing without external assistance, and thus invasive breathing assistance or intervention in the recipient's own breathing cycle is not required. This is in contrast to mechanical ventilators, which constitute invasive assisted breathing.
  • CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
  • CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
  • assisted breathing includes forms of non- invasive ventilation (NIV) which is used for patients with serious respiratory conditions and those experiencing difficulty breathing without assistance, and is generally used as a last step before intubation.
  • NMV non- invasive ventilation
  • the device of the present disclosure while not requiring additional respiratory effort on the part of the patient, and while providing some assistance to the user by virtue of positive pressure, does not constitute a device for invasive assisted breathing or intervention into the patient's respiratory cycle.
  • invasive assisted breathing refers to breathing assistance requiring intervention in the patient's breathing mechanisms, such as by intubation (for full breathing assistance) or correction of irregular breathing patterns, or for use by patients unable to breath adequately on their own.
  • intubation for full breathing assistance
  • NIV fall within the class of invasive assisted breathing, as used in the present disclosure.
  • invasive assisted breathing methods and devices typically employ higher pressures than the devices and methods of the present disclosure.
  • unassisted breathing refers to the ability to breath adequately (e.g., has blood oxygen levels within the normal range) without external assistance such as that provided by one of the above discussed "invasive assisted breathing” methods or devices.
  • the device and methods of the present disclosure are use for patients capable of unassisted breathing.
  • the present device provides provides slight positive pressure, allowing the user to breathe normally with out compelling alternate forced breathing patterns on the user.
  • the pressures employed in the present devices and methods will be lower or otherwise less invasive than those required for devices used for invasive assisted breathing, such as a ventilator or a NIV or CPAP machine.
  • the drug is supplied in air, purified air, or a mixture of gases at a pressure of about 1 cm H 2 O to about 30 cm H 2 O.
  • the pressures employed in the device of the present invention are low enough that the patient's own breathing pattern (e.g. initiation of inhalation and exhalation) is discernable over the machine supplied pressure.
  • the device and methods of the present disclosure are for use with spontaneously breathing patients who do not require breathing assistance
  • the device and methods of the present disclosure can be used in combination with a respirator to deliver medications in purified air to a ventilated patient or to unventilated patients with breathing difficulties.
  • the present disclosure also includes the use of personal respirators described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/552,871 entitled “Methods and Systems of Delivering Medication Via Inhalation," and U.S. Patent Application No. 11/533,529 entitled “Respirators for Delivering Clean Air to an Individual User” (which is hereby incorporated by reference herein) in conjunction with the apparatus disclosed herein.
  • Combining the referenced respirator with the present disclosure provides enough pressure to assist those with compromised breathing, without being as intrusive as other assisted breathing devices.
  • embodiements can include a hybrid system combining oxygen, the referenced respirator and the present disclosure allowing patients unparalleled mobility.
  • the systems and methods of the present disclosure make full, safe, and efficient use of the highly absorptive linings of the lungs as a way to administer a large host of medications.
  • the drug delivery methods of the present disclosure can also be implemented using existing breathing systems. A large number of air supply masks ranging from masks covering the mouth and nose, to full face masks, to mouth nozzles as in SCUBA gear already exist could be implemented with the disclosed drug delivery methods in embodiments.
  • the supply of pure air can be synthesized (as opposed to filtering environmental air), such as by mixing the gases from reservoirs of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and liquid carbon dioxide.
  • a system includes an air mover, e.g., a pump or blower or a system, that provides air under pressure, as in a SCUBA tank, to generate an air stream of clean air.
  • an air mover e.g., a pump or blower or a system
  • Numerous active respirators are known, e.g., the Positive Air Pressure
  • PAPR Phase Change Respirator
  • CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • Puritan Bennet and Respironics which includes a pressurized mask that typically covers the nose for addressing sleep apnea; fire-fighter type face masks connected to chemical air filtration systems; and face masks connected to compressed air cylinders such as SCUBA gear for underwater diving.
  • the presently disclosed drug delivery apparatus can be implemented using such prior art devices.
  • the existing air supply masks do not typically provide highly purified air, down to 20 nanometers, in combination with ozone removal, which means that in certain environments drug chemistry could be effected by the pollutants in the air. Therefore, in some preferred embodiments the methods and systems of the present disclosure use respirators described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/533,529, incorporated above.
  • purified air is particular important for ensuring effective and safe drug delivery via the pulmonary route.
  • the importance of purified air for the systems and methods of the present disclosure arises based on the high concentrations and chemical composition of the particles normally found in environmental air. While particle counts vary widely depending on the particular setting, indoor room air may easily contain greater than 10 billion particles per cubic meter, with many of those particles having diameters down to the 20nm range. Moreover, while there is a tendency to think of these particles as being inert objects, a large percentage of these particles are condensed droplets or micro- crystalline particles of organic and inorganic compounds, including such compounds as aromatic hydrocarbons and carbon particulates.
  • ozone is a harmful pollutant in it's own right, it is also highly reactive.
  • the reaction of ozone with other organically based pollutants results in numerous derivative compounds which have been studied in some detail for outdoor air (the mechanisms of smog creation, etc.) but are not well documented in current literature and are not widely understood in indoor environments.
  • Other organics are also found in indoor air as a result of outgassing by polymers (carpet, upholstery, etc.) or simply as a result of the use of cleaning compounds.
  • terpenes One class of organics that have proven particularly active in forming derivative compounds in air when exposed to ozone are terpenes, which are used in many cleaners and air fresheners and which are responsible for the fresh pine or lemon scent of many cleaning products. Terpenes are sometimes employed as a carrier substance for pharmaceuticals (menthol is an example).
  • Both aromatic amino acids e.g., tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine
  • aliphatic amino acids e.g., arginine, lysine, proline, and histidine
  • cysteine and methionine the two sulphur-containing amino acids, appear especially sensitive to oxidation.
  • both the filter material and overall filter design should be chosen carefully. Filter materials that are capable of these efficiencies (e.g., Lydall Filtration's 6850 grade) are readily available. This technology has been used extensively in settings such as clean rooms, but its use in smaller applications for breathable air such as that described herein is not seen elsewhere in the art. It will be appreciated that, with clean rooms being the principal application for this material and where rapid room air changes are typical, the above, highly efficient filter material is engineered with high flow rates in mind. In such a high flow application, the air passes through the filter material at relatively high velocity.
  • the pollutant particles in such an application strike the filter material at a relatively high velocity.
  • the rate of particle penetration depends largely on the kinetic energy of the particle ( 1 / 2 mv 2 ) with particle penetration increasing with velocity. This velocity is termed "face velocity" in the filter industry.
  • face velocity in the filter industry.
  • the graph in FIG. 22 illustrates the relationship of efficiency to face velocity for a material such as that referenced above.
  • the goal for maximum filtration efficiency is to utilize the filter materials described above at relatively low face velocities.
  • face velocity is inversely proportional to filter area.
  • the present disclosure uses larger areas than required to satisfy pressure drop requirements in order to establish very low particle velocities, thereby providing the extremely high efficiencies that are important for combining drugs and purified air.
  • flow rates equal to or above that of existing devices is achieved.
  • filter efficiency in this range and with representative glass microfiber technology is achieved when the face velocity drops below 2cm/sec, and full efficiency is realized as it approaches approximately 1 cm/sec.
  • airflow rates to the user are approximately 320 slm.
  • filter efficiencies should be very high to ensure that unwanted chemical reactions do not occur between particles and drugs. This is particularly important for small particles (e.g., below 100 nm) that have high surface to area ratios.
  • the chemical composition of particles will vary greatly as a function of location, weather, etc. Therefore the near elimination of these potential reactants is important in order to have confidence in the drugs (chemicals) ultimately delivered.
  • existing respirators achieve a filtration efficiency of approximately 99.97% at 300 nm. With indoor air particle concentrations of about 10 billion particles per cubic meter and a pulmonary inspiration volume at rest of up to about 5 liters, filtration at about 99.97% indicates existing respirators allow passage of more than about 15 thousand particles per inspiration of sizes equal to 300 nm in diameter and more than 150 thousand at sizes of about 25 nm and smaller, which provides an environment where unsafe chemical reactants can result from interactions between these high particle concentrations and injected drugs.
  • the systems of the present disclosure achieve a high degree of confidence in the chemical composition of delivered medications (e.g., a filtration of about 99.9996%).
  • the filter area would typically exceed about 500 cm 2 for this level of filtration.
  • Filter areas of about 2700 cm 2 up to 5400 cm 2 in area can be utilized, resulting in filter efficiency of about 99.99996% and about 99.99999% respectively, and corresponding passage of only hundreds of particles per inspiration.
  • efficiencies of 99.9996% would be realized with filters areas as low as about 250 cm 2 with maximum efficiencies occurring for areas greater than about 2700 cm 2 .
  • an air bladder 21002 is employed to hold filtered air in reserve.
  • large momentary peak inspiration rates ⁇ 50OsIm
  • Air supplied to the user via the medical port 21003 and hose 21004 is stored by the blower unit 21001 during exhalation of the user. In this manner, the size requirements of the blower unit are minimized.
  • the efficiency is maximized. For instance, at an average flow rate of about 5OsIm, 99.99999% filtration could be achieved with a filter area of about 830 cm 2 .
  • ozone as a molecular level substance, is not removed by simple mechanical filtration and will remain as a pollutant in filtered air.
  • One readily available method for reducing or eliminating ozone is the use of an activated carbon filter. This method is achieved through the adsorption of ozone as the air passes over the large surface areas presented by the activated carbon.
  • the activated carbon material may be impregnated into a filter material or alternately, in granulated form, held in place between two layers of filter material.
  • the performance of the activated carbon filter deteriorates over time due to the buildup of adsorbed materials and resultant compounds on the surfaces of the carbon.
  • the filter must be continually replaced.
  • a preferred embodiment includes catalyst that assists in the conversion of ozone ultimately to O 2 .
  • MnO 2 both ⁇ -MnO 2 and ⁇ -MnO 2
  • a preferred embodiment includes catalyst that assists in the conversion of ozone ultimately to O 2 .
  • MnO 2 both ⁇ -MnO 2 and ⁇ -MnO 2
  • palladium or palladium oxides Ag 2 O or other metal oxides such as aluminum oxides or copper oxides
  • the material may also be incorporated into the filter material itself either by impregnation, adhering particles of the catalyst to the filter's fiber matrix.
  • the catalyst is incorporated into the chemical makeup of glass fibers of
  • MnO 2 catalyst Another benefit to the use of a MnO 2 catalyst is that the chemistry involved is also useful for removing SO 2 , which is another major air pollutant.
  • Another common pollutant, NO 2 may be catalyzed using different chemistries and with some energy input to drive the reaction.
  • One example is the photocatalysis of oxides of nitrogen when exposed to an irradiated surface Of TiO 2 . Therefore, additional embodiments of the methods and systems of the present disclosure include using purified air that has also had one or more of ozone, SO 2 , and NO 2 effectively removed.
  • the present disclosure further provides a method and system for supplying the drugs or medication into an air stream, thereby delivering the medication via normal respiration.
  • This is in contrast to albuterol inhalers and other similar devices, which require some extra effort and coordination of the user's inhale cycle with the operation of the device.
  • drugs are provided to patients in solid, granular, or powder form and are administered as tablets or capsules, or the drug is provided in liquid form and is taken orally (e.g., cough syrup), or is injected into muscle tissue or injected intravenously.
  • Other drugs in turn rely on a delay or slow release mechanism, such as the patch that relies on absorption through the skin.
  • Oral, injection, intravenous, and transdermal delivery methods all have significant drawbacks.
  • Pulmonary delivery of drugs avoids all of these issues. Drugs delivered by this route are not subject to complications with digestive tract chemistry and drugs absorbed by the lungs bypass the liver and are therefore not subject to first pass metabolism as are orally delivered drugs. Pulmonary delivery is non-invasive, requiring no needles or surgery. It is well known within the medical field that given the large surface area and sensitive nature of the membranes lining the lungs, that pulmonary delivery is a fast and efficient means of getting medicines into the bloodstream.
  • Another aspect of the system of the present disclosure is the ability to accurately monitor the pressure and flow parameters of the filtered and medicated air being supplied to the user.
  • Existing devices typically rely on the delivery of either a constant source of medicated aerosol delivered to some vessel or canister through which the user must draw air by his/her own effort or on a system such as an albuterol inhaler, which requires the action of the user for delivery (e.g., the albuterol canister must be depressed in coordination with inhalation).
  • embodiments of the present disclosure employ state-of-the art electronic sensors and processors to actively monitor and respond to the respiratory cycle of the user.
  • An array of solid state pressure transducers such as the SM5600 series sensors produced by Silicon Microstructures of Milipitas, CA are used to monitor the pressure conditions within the medical port. Data from the sensors are monitored in real-time by an on-board microprocessor that stores the data collected from the sensors. Through analysis of this data the processor can establish or "learn" baseline respiratory parameters of the user based on approximately one or two minutes worth of data. Once baseline parameters are established the processor may react appropriately to the user's unique requirements and breathing patterns. As one example, the processor may observe pressure readings to detect a particularly rapid or deep (large volume) inhale cycle at its onset.
  • the processor may cause the port to inject a precisely controlled amount of medicine in the airstream at precisely the correct time for it to be most deeply and effectively inhaled by the user.
  • the medical port as controlled by the processor, may administer drugs only during alternate inhalations.
  • the processor may receive input from "smart" drug cartridges in a manner similar to the way ink jet printers for personal computers receive data from ink jet cartridges. This data may be used to instruct the processor regarding the optimal parameters for delivery for the drug and the patient as determined by a doctor of pharmacist. Such data might include information on dosages, proper timing of the dose with the user's respiratory cycle, etc.
  • the medical port has a data port which may be connected to a device for delivering feedback on the user's condition.
  • a blood oxygen saturation monitor is used to monitor the user's blood oxygen content and respond appropriately with medications.
  • medicated air could also be delivered in a precisely mixed and continuous fashion if so required.
  • Yet another unique application is for slow and accurate delivery of medicines which are currently delivered as a periodic bolus (such as delivery of albuterol by an inhaler). Slow, gradual delivery of medicines such as albuterol allows patients to receive more appropriate doses without the side effects that come with sudden infusions (such as the "jitters" associated with albuterol inhalers and nebulizers).
  • Existing devices also do not exhibit the ability to deliver inhaled drugs accurately and appropriately for the drug in question and at precise times during the respiratory cycle.
  • the present disclosure provides a method and system for allowing drugs to be administered to the respiratory system of the patient, particularly the lungs, and, furthermore, allows the effectiveness of a drug to be optimized by monitoring the respiratory cycle and controlling the timing by which the medication is administered.
  • the systems and methods of the present disclosure also make it easier for people with limited respiratory strength and limited coordination, such as children or the elderly, to be effectively medicated.
  • the present disclosure allows for the temperature and humidity of the air supplied to the user to be controlled so that the most effective conditions for drug delivery and for the comfort of the user are ensured.
  • a temperature and relative humidity sensor such as the HTS2030SMD that is currently available from America Humirel, Inc. in Chandler, AZ.
  • the controller monitors the output of the sensor in order to determine if there is a need to add humidity or remove humidity or raise/lower the temperature of the air stream.
  • the controller can then initiate the appropriate conditioning. Temperature can be raised or lowered using a thermoelectric cooler/heater or an electric resistance heater to modify temperature. It may also initiate the injection of water vapor into the stream to add humidity. Humidity may also be lowered by using an auxiliary condenser or a desiccant as a dehumidifier.
  • FIG.s 2A and 2B One embodiment of the device of the present disclosure includes as a patient interface an active type of face mask similar to that described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/533,529, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, is shown in FIG.s 2A and 2B.
  • the system includes a purified air generator. In embodiments this generator makes use of an air mover to produce an air stream.
  • the system includes an air supply housing 2400 with a centrifugal blower 2402 covered by a pre-filter 2404.
  • the pre- filter 2404 prevents the blower 2402 from drawing in too many large particles.
  • the air from the blower 2402 is vented radially outwardly and is channeled by the housing wall through the main particle filter 2410, which is mounted above or adjacent to a battery pack 2412.
  • the air is passed out of an outlet port 2420 to which a face mask 2422 is connected by a supply hose 2424.
  • the housing with its blower, filter, and power supply can be attached in "fanny-pack" fashion by means of a belt 2430 to the user.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes a medical access port 2440 for introducing a medication 2442, which in this example is contained in an aerosol canister as is commonly used to administer albuterol to asthma sufferers.
  • the medical access port may also be referred to as a "medi port "or “medical port”.
  • the medical port is adapted to receive the drug(s) to be administered (e.g., in a container/canister housing the drug to be delivered) and adapted to convert the drug into an aerosol, wherein the aerosolize drug is delivered to the stream of purified air supplied by the purified air generator. The combination of the aerosolized drug and the purified air is then delivered to the patient at a positive pressure.
  • the medi port 2440 comprises a hose adaptor housing 2450 having an air inlet 2452 and an air outlet 2454. In one embodiment, each of the air inlet 2452 and the air outlet 2454 can be provided with a seal arrangement.
  • the seal is a gasket having three parallel annular ridges to provide more reliable sealing.
  • the medi port 2440 is connected in the hose 2424. Thus portions of the hose 2424 connect to both the air inlet and the air outlet 2452, 2454.
  • the medi port is connected either at the inlet end or outlet end of the hose 2424. While ease of use may favor the use of a medi port at the inlet end of the hose where the user can readily see what he or she is doing, it is typically preferable, especially in the case of nebulized medicines, to have the medi port as close to the mask as possible.
  • hose adaptors also referred to as adaptor housings
  • the two hose adaptors are indicated by reference numerals 3500 and 3502, respectively. Both medi ports 3510, 3512 also show part of the mixing chamber 3520, 3522. As appears from the FIG. 3 embodiment, the adaptor housings 3500, 3502 and at least part of the mixing chambers 3520, 3522 are connected into the system. When not in use, the unused adaptor housing(s) 3500, 3502 and unused mixing chamber sections 3520, 3522 can be capped by placing a sealing cap over the inlet end(s) of the mixing chamber section(s) 3520, 3522. Such a sealing cap is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the medi ports such as the medi ports 3510, 3512 are releasably connected to the hose and the mask or air supply housing 2400.
  • one end may have a female connection and the other end a male connection, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the medi port acts as a vehicle for introducing medication in aerosolized (e.g., aerosol, vaporized, and/or nebulized form) into the air stream created by the air mover 2402.
  • aerosolized e.g., aerosol, vaporized, and/or nebulized form
  • This medication is then transported to the user via the patient interface.
  • the hose 2424 couples the medical port to the patient interface (e.g., a mask) for administering the medication to the user.
  • the mask used for this purpose is preferably a fitted mask to allow for precise pressure and flow measurement and therefore dosage control.
  • some embodiments can include a pressure sensor in the mask or hose or elsewhere in the system to detect a loss of positive pressure in the mask and an indicator (visual or audible) of an undesired loss of pressure.
  • both a visual alarm 2700 and an audible alarm 2702 are provided on the housing 2400.
  • a visual alarm 2700 and an audible alarm 2702 are provided on the housing 2400.
  • the system of FIG. 2 also includes an on/off switch for switching the blower 2402 on and off, as well as a reset button for resetting the system once an alarm is triggered. It will be appreciated that during start-up the alarm system is controlled via a time delay to avoid the alarm being triggered, as the system is still in the process of building up the requisite pressure in the mask. Apart from avoiding excessive loss of medication, the use of a fitted mask also provides an extra safeguard (over and above the safeguard provided by a positive pressure in the mask) against ingress of contaminated air into the mask along the mask periphery.
  • FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a mixing chamber 4000, which is integrally formed with the hose adaptor 4050.
  • the chamber 4000 of this embodiment is provided with an exemplary seal 4002 for better sealingly engaging the outer wall of a canister such as the canister shown in FIG. 1 , or a bottle, as is discussed in greater detail below.
  • the chamber 4000 also includes an internal stop or wall 4004 that the front of the canister or bottle abuts once it is pushed into the chamber 4000.
  • the internal air space 4020 defined by the chamber 4000 is the space between the wall 4004 and an electronically actuated valve 4006.
  • any vaporized or nebulized medication will therefore fill and be mixed with air in the internal space between the wall 4004 and the valve 4006.
  • embodiments of the presently disclosed device also include an adaptor 5000 for accommodating different size bottles or canisters.
  • the adaptor 5000 includes a wider input opening for large bottles and canisters.
  • the wider opening includes triple valves 5004 and edge stop 5006 that limits any large bottle from passing the line 5002.
  • the adaptor also includes a second narrower input opening for smaller bottles and canisters, the narrower opening having a seal 5014 for engaging the outer surface of smaller canisters or bottles.
  • the edge stop 5016 stops the bottle or canister at line 5010. It will be appreciated that when the adaptor is used, the adaptor rather than the bottle or canister is slipped into the mixing chamber 4000.
  • the internal air space is defined by both the mixing chamber space between the wall 4004 and the valve 4006 (depicted by the letter A), as well as the air spaces B and C in FIG. 5.
  • the cannister or flask fits into the space C, leaving the regions A and B as internal air space for allowing medication to mix with air.
  • the drug to be delivered will already be in aerosol form, such as in a container adapted to be received into the medical port.
  • an aerosol is typically provided in the form of a canister such as an albuterol canister, which is typically engaged with the mixing chamber in the manner discussed above.
  • the drug to be delviered may be in a solid or liquid form (including any semi-solid, colloidal, or semi-liquid forms, etc.).
  • the medical port is adapted to convert the drug from a solid or liquid form into an aerosol form for delivery into the purified air stream to the patient.
  • the medical port includes an aerosol generator capable of converting the drug into an aerosol form.
  • the aerosol generator include various nebulizers and vaporizers known to those of skill in the art, including those discussed herein.
  • the nebulizer may be a jet nebulizer or a vibrating mesh nebulizer, or other nebulizers known to those of skill in the art that may be appropriate for use with the drug to be delivered.
  • Some exemplary nebulizers include piezoelectric nebulizers, ink jet nebulizers, etc.
  • solids in the form of tablets may be placed in the mixing chamber or the adaptor, ane mbodiment of which is shown in FIG. 6. The adaptor of FIG.
  • an active vaporizing means in the form of a heating plate 6010 is provided in this embodiment.
  • the plate 6010 may either involve an electric heating element or be implemented as a chemical heating plate that heats when two chemicals react exothermically. In an embodiment that makes use of chemicals it will be appreciated that it is desirable that the chemical remain outside the mixing chamber to avoid any air contamination.
  • Other methods of converting a solid drug into an aerosol form are contemplated to be within the disclosed methods and drug delivery respirator devices.
  • FIG. 7 shows an adaptor 7000 that has a lower depression 7002 with complementary heating pad 7004.
  • An end cap 7006 again engages a double seal 7008.
  • the depression serves to retain the liquid over the heating pad while it is being vaporized.
  • a pipette or similar dispenser can be used. It will be appreciated that in order to deliver an accurate dose of medication, the amount of liquid dispensed into the chamber has to be accurately measured.
  • a bottle that can deliver an exact amount of liquid is secured to the chamber or an adaptor such as the adaptor shown in FIG. 5, with appropriate accommodation for the nozzle of the bottle.
  • FIG. 7 is described above for use with liquids
  • another variation of the embodiment of FIG. 7 is intended for use with tobacco products or nicotine, to smoke in restricted areas or to allow the gaseous medication (in this case tobacco smoke or simply nicotine) to be controlled, thereby allowing the smoker gradually to wean him or herself of the smoking habit.
  • the chemical nicotine is added directly to the air stream in a highly diluted form by the user pushing a wired or wireless button or during a deep inhale cycle as measured by a pressure sensor or continuously.
  • the inlet opening 7010 can be adapted to receive a cigarette, it being appreciated that the mixing chamber will have to be long enough to accommodate the cigarette. Also, a heating pad in such an embodiment is unnecessary.
  • a particle filter similar to the filter 2410 can be provided at the air outlet from the face mask.
  • the preferred embodiment includes a filter in the adaptor housing, which may be a high quality particle filter to protect not only the user but also to limit particle deposition on the walls of the mask and any air hose used with the device.
  • One embodiment contemplates a removable, disposable adaptor that is sold with the medication in place, thereby eliminating the need for an inlet opening to the adaptor. Such an embodiment will only provide a single dose per adaptor.
  • FIG. 12 One embodiment makes use of a vertically mounted chamber adaptor as shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 13 One embodiment makes use of a chamber adaptor with an upwardly facing inlet as shown in FIG. 13. It will be appreciated that instead the mixing chamber itself can have an upwardly facing inlet as shown in FIG. 14. Such embodiments can make it easier to introduce the medication into the chamber with the help of gravity.
  • FIG. 10 Yet another variation of an adaptor, which is suitable for receiving a bottle or a canister is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the adaptor 10000 has seals 10002 on the inner surface of its outlet end 10003 to engage the outer surface of the mixing chamber 9002 shown in FIG. 9. While the figures depict triple seals, other numbers of seals can be employed.
  • the inlet end 10005 includes outer seals 10010 for engaging with an end cap 10012 when no bottle of canister is present, and has inner seals 10014 for engaging the outer surface of a bottle or canister.
  • the adaptor 10000 of this embodiment includes an end stop or wall 10004 that serves both as abutting surface for the bottle or canister, and also engages the wall 9020 of the mixing chamber.
  • the internal air space in this embodiment is defined only by the chamber 9002 and not by the adaptor.
  • a vaporization step has to take place.
  • the vaporizing can be achieved by providing energy to the medication, such as by actively heating the medication. Instead of heat, other forms of energy can be provided to the medication to vaporize it. For instance, physical shaking or the use of ultrasonic agitation can be used as by the agitator 8010 shown in FIG. 8.
  • the medication may be of such a nature that it readily vaporizes without external intervention, e.g., passive vaporization.
  • the above discussion has focused on dispensing the medication into the mixing chamber in aerosol or nebulized form suitable for transportation in an air stream or alternatively dispensing in a form that requires subsequent vaporization.
  • Another important aspect involves the introduction of the aerosol, nebulized, or vaporized medication into the air stream. This involves transferring it in a controlled manner from the mixing chamber into the adaptor housing 2450, 3500, 3502, 4050.
  • the vaporized, nebulized, or aerosol in the mixing chamber 8000 is drawn out by creating a Venturi effect by means of a curved pipe 8002 as shown in FIG. 8. Air flow bends around the pipe 8002 and therefore speeds up to form a low pressure zone at the opening 8004 of the pipe. This draws the material out of the chamber 8000.
  • baffles 9000 that have a teardrop or aerofoil shape in this embodiment are formed at the outlet to the chamber 9002.
  • An inlet opening or channel is provided to the medical port to serve as the air intake for fresh air entering the mixing chamber.
  • an air stream can be directed into the chamber to push the material out.
  • the mixing chamber is pressurized e.g., by an external source of a pipe leading to the chamber from a higher-pressure region in the system. This increased air pressure in the chamber serves to push the medicated air out of the chamber whenever the valve between the chamber and the hose adaptor is open.
  • FIG. 11000 shows a physical propulsion mechanism in the form of a piston 11000, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the piston may be propelled manually by the user or may be coupled to a motor or spring mechanism to gradually move the piston inward until all of the medicated air in the chamber has been expelled from the chamber.
  • a helical spring 11002 and a rod 11004, for pulling the piston 11000 back to allow it to compress the spring are provided. Once the rod 11004 is released, the tension in the spring 11002 moves the piston into the chamber 11010, expelling the medication filled air through the electronic valve 11020 into the hose adaptor 11030.
  • FIG. s 12 and 13 show different embodiments of adaptors
  • FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a mixing chamber that all provide for vertical mounting of a bottle to facilitate gravity feed.
  • a valve mechanism such as the electronic valve 4006 in figure 4, and the valve 11020 in FIG. 11.
  • an electronic valve as known in the art is used.
  • an electromechanical shutter mechanism like that found in a camera, is used.
  • the opening or aperture can be controlled.
  • the valve or shutter can be intermittently closed and opened to release small quantities of medication into the air flow.
  • the controlled manner in one embodiment includes releasing some of the medication every time the user inhales.
  • the controller monitors the inhalation and exhalation and releases medication according to a certain series, e.g. every second or third inhalation, or two inhalations in a row followed by three inhalations where no medication is dispensed.
  • the pattern or series may be changed depending on the nature of the medication.
  • air pressure or air flow may be taken into account to vary the size of the aperture or the amount of time that it is open, depending on how deeply the person is breathing in.
  • a button, momentary switch, or some other device for signaling the controller is employed to indicate the user's wish that medication be delivered upon some future event, such as the next inhalation cycle. In this manner the drug could be delivered periodically as preferred by the patient while the benefit of timed delivery is preserved.
  • the medication can be provided in a continuous manner, rather than in pulses.
  • embodiments of the system will include sensors for indicating the rate of flow of air to the user, the output from which will be used by a controller to calculate dosing parameters.
  • the flow in this application may be measured by a number of methods. It may be measured directly by means of a hot wire anemometer, mechanical anemometer, or mass air flow sensor placed in contact with the air stream flowing through the port. Preferably, flow sensing would be performed indirectly using pressure sensors. These sensors can be used with a pitot tube, or some number of sensor, (e.g., three) are placed with access to the air stream on each side of the venturi structure within the port. The controller, based on pressure as measured by the sensors, can then monitor the pressure differential across the venturi and calculate flow based on this information.
  • the pressure sensors or flow sensor may be mounted in the adaptor housing and any holes in the adaptor housing or tube for passing wires out of the housing are sealed. This may be done by potting the adaptor housing.
  • all the sensors and monitors in the adaptor housing are mounted on a printed circuit board that snaps onto an inner surface of the housing by means of clips. To avoid the electronics being exposed to the air stream, a conformal coating is provided over the circuit board with its components. While the controller can also be mounted on the circuit board, the sensors and monitors in another embodiment are connected to a monitor on an external circuit card, or in the air mover housing.
  • the device of the present disclosure provides a feedback loop from an insulin monitor to the controller to automatically calculate the requisite amount of insulin to administer based on the detected blood/sugar levels in the user's blood.
  • the controller is mounted on the circuit board, wires out of the medi port can be eliminated altogether by providing a separate power supply on the circuit board, e.g., by way of a watch battery.
  • Power supply to the medical port may also be provided by energy sources such as solar cells, small wind turbines, or fuel cells for use in areas where access to an electric grid is not possible or convenient.
  • the mixing rate and delivery rate may be determined and controlled.
  • the system may deliver a fixed amount of drug to the mixing chamber and then allow this mixture to be drawn from the chamber at the appropriate moments and over the appropriate amount of time, or it may deliver drugs to the mixing chamber as a continuous process.
  • the hose includes an inner lining
  • the hose is made of a material that does not leach polymers into the air stream, as may otherwise occur, especially with certain kinds of medicines.
  • the hose is made from a material or lined with a material that prevents or reduces chemical degradation from exposure to the drug.
  • the hose is releasably connected to allow it to be replaced from time to time. This allows the issue of degradation and drug residue accumulation on the hose inner surface to be addressed.
  • FIG. 15 includes a mixing chamber 16000 that is divided into two sections 16010, 16012 by a printed circuit board (PCB) 16002.
  • the PCB 16002 provides two air flow paths: one between the upper section 16010 and the lower section 16012 by virtue of a shutter or valve 16004, and one for channeling air flow from the adaptor housing 16020 via a channel 16022 to the upper section 16010.
  • the latter air flow path simply comprises a hole or spacer 16024 in the PCB 16002.
  • valve 16004 could be located at the inlet hole from the lower housing to the upper housing to control the inlet 16024 to the mixing chamber rather than the outlet of the mixing chamber.
  • a bottle or canister 16030 is seated in the vertically extending support 16032.
  • the vertically extending support 16032 can be of a smaller configuration, as for a child-sized mask, such that an larger- e.g., adult-sized canister 16030 cannot fit in the smaller support 16030. In this manner, overmedication of a child or smaller patient can be avoided.
  • a pin 16034 impinges on the nozzle to allow a bolus of medication to be expelled into the upper section 16010.
  • a heating pad or piezo plate 13036 vaporizes the liquid. The air pressure in the upper section 16010 created by the air entering through the hole 16024 forces the air into the lower section 16012 whenever the valve 16004 opens.
  • the medication is drawn into the channel 16040 of the adaptor housing 16020 by virtue of a Venturi effect created by a curved surfaces 16042, 16044 at the inlet to the adaptor housing 16020.
  • the adaptor housing 16020 is bifurcated into a medication carrying channel 16040 and a non-medicated air stream channel 16048 to allow air to bypass the Venturi region 16042, 16044 and not force medicated air upon the user.
  • the adaptor housing 16020 is not bifurcated, and includes only one channel 16040.
  • the medicated air and non-medicated air mix as they bypass the Venturi region 16042, 16044.
  • This bifurcated adaptor housing is further illustrated with respect to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18.
  • FIGS. 17 and 18 show the bifurcated channels 16040, 16048 extending to a face mask 17000, 18000.
  • the medication carrying channel 16040 extends to a mouth piece 17010, which in this embodiment is fixedly attached to the mask to avoid inadvertent swallowing or choking hazard.
  • the mouthpiece or the cannula is releasably attached to allow it to be disposed of after a certain amount of use and replaced with a new mouthpiece or cannula.
  • the addition of a mouthpiece ensures that all of the medicated air reaches the mouth of the user, leading to less medication wastage and more accurate dosage. It will be appreciated that this embodiment is suitable for applications where the medication is preferably inhaled through the mouth.
  • the channel 16040 extends to a nosepiece in the form of a cannula 18010.
  • the cannula may be designed to fit into a single nostril allowing the user to alternate delivery between nostrils, or to both nostrils at the same time.
  • the mouthpiece 17010 and cannula 18010 need not be included. Instead the medication is simply delivered to the mask.
  • the mask fits well to minimize loss of medication through the sides of the mask between the user's face and the mask periphery.
  • the medi port is provided with an end cap 16050 to provide easy access to the interior of the medi port.
  • the dispensing of the medication into the mixing chamber or the delivery into the air stream may be controlled by a controller on a circuit board in the medi port or by a controller mounted in the blower housing.
  • the drug container has a memory stick attached and may be preprogrammed, e.g., at the factory, to a predefined set of parameters, or by a pharmacy to suit the particular drug, drug concentration, type of dispensing device, age of user or dosage, and any other relevant parameter to dispense according to the particular usage. Programming can be achieved by making use of a wireless interface, e.g., Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.
  • the controller will also gather real time data such as differential pressure, flow rate, inhalation volume of air over time, etc.
  • the controller can utilize this data to adjust drug delivery at the mediport to maintain desired dosage levels.
  • Communication from a controller mounted in the blower housing to the mediport may be via a wire or wireless.
  • the controller either in the medical port or the blower, may take inputs from blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, or blood glucose sensors 19001 , etc. (either wired or wireless) to initiate or stop the dosage of drugs or change the dosage level or frequency based on pre-determined algorithms.
  • the medical port 19003 itself may provide data via a wire, or through a wireless transmitter 19002 to other devices in proximity to the medical port.
  • data including, but not limited to, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation levels, heart rate, blood glucose levels, respiration rates, respiratory volume, etc. can be monitored in real-time, such as on a local computer monitor 19004, which is in communication 19005 with these devices and the medical port 19003.
  • the local monitor 19004 in addition to communicating with the sensors and medical port, may be connected by wire or wirelessly to a network, such as a local area network or wireless router 19006.
  • the sensors and medical port can be connected by wire or wirelessly to the same local area network or router as the local machine so that all data is available to both the local machine and the network.
  • the wireless interface protocol could be Bluetooth, Zigbee, or one of the 802.11 standards and wired connections could be serial such as I 2 C or simple RS232.
  • the mediport 20001 may be fitted with multiple ampules 20002 capable of dosing multiple drugs simultaneously or at different frequencies such as during different or alternating inhalation cycles.
  • the ampules are mounted onto a slide mechanism 20003 and may index into position over the inlet to the medical port, allowing the controller to control which drugs are dispensed.
  • the system of Fig 20 need not be the only embodiment for dosing multiple drugs.
  • the medical port of Fig 16 could simply be designed so that there are two or more mixing chambers diametrically opposed to one another, allowing dosing from multiple mixing chambers into a single air stream.
  • the device can measure the depth and volume of each inhalation cycle, drug delivery can be triggered to occur only in inhalation cycles with a high volume and that are optimal for drug delivery. This is done by continuously measuring the recent history of inhalation cycles for a specific user over the period of several minutes and then comparing the slope and depth (prior to reaching the deepest level of the cycle) of the inhalation curve to trigger drug release during an inhalation. Multiple input measurements may be utilized to confirm certain conditions such as a sudden decrease in cardiac output which would trigger the release of specific drugs and/or, in another embodiment described elsewhere in this application, increase oxygen levels in the inhaled air.
  • the medi port is connected directly between a face mask and an air mover housing without any hose being used.
  • the medi port in such a configuration will define an adaptor housing for receiving the outlet from the mixing chamber, and for connecting between the mask and the air mover housing.
  • the mask is preferably a fitted mask to minimize the escape of air along the periphery of the mask.
  • One embodiment of the patient interface makes use of a split manifold for supplying air to both the mouth and nose regions of the user.
  • a slider is included to physically vary the ratio of air to the nose relative to the air to the mouth.
  • a partial mask for only the nose or only the mouth may be used. It is anticipated that protection against the delivery of the incorrect drug or incorrect dosage will be incorporated in this system for use with some drugs.
  • These drug and user identification systems may involve simple color coding of medicine containers or geometry constrictions that prevent adult dosages of medicines from being administered from mask systems that fit children. More sophisticated systems may package medicines in containers incorporating bar code or RFID (radio frequency identification) tags that can be checked by the microprocessor in the mask system to confirm the correct drug and correct dosage.
  • prescriptions may be downloaded to the mask microprocessor, perhaps by an RF protocol such as Bluetooth or Zigbee or by another RFID tag. Such prescriptions inform the mask system of the drug and dosage for the person using the mask. Advanced versions of the system may even confirm the identity of the mask user by their own RF tag or a password. Similarly, statistics of mask use, including user, time and date of use and system condition to confirm correct delivery of medications.
  • the particle filter mentioned above in a preferred embodiment would be a sterilization chamber fabricated from materials such that the interior surfaces have a high reflectivity in about the 250 nm to 280 nm wavelength range.
  • the sterilization chamber utilizes ultraviolet light generated by mercury vapor lamp(s), light emitting diodes, or other light emitting opto-electronic devices (all such devices emitting UV radiation between about 250 nm and 280 nm) to destroy the RNA or DNA of any airborn pathogens exhaled by the user.
  • a highly flexible mask having a central more rigid portion to define an air space in front of the user's mouth and nose, or that gradually becomes more inflexible toward the mouth and nose region and is most flexible along the periphery.
  • the mask also includes multiple parallel extending seals along the periphery of the mask to provide a better seal to the user's face.
  • it is proposed to secure the mask to the user's face by means of an adhesive which makes removal of the mask more difficult and may even require a solvent.
  • some embodiments may employ masks molded and decorated to resemble cartoon characters or animals that would entertain children and increase their emotional comfort level with the device.
  • the mask can be made in a variety of colors that would be more appealing to both pediatric and adult users.
  • a communications system using a microphone and speaker system employing a sound processor could be added to facilitate communication through the mask, or, again, to increase compliance for children and perhaps adults by adding fun features (voice harmonization, simulation of cartoon or TV characters, e.g., Darth Vader, Spongebob Squarepants, etc.).
  • the present disclosure thus provides for a way of safely administering medication via inhalation of purified air by a patient over time in an actively and precisely controlled manner. While a number of embodiments were discussed above, it will be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments but could be implemented in other ways without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés d'administration d'un médicament au système respiratoire d'un patient, où le médicament est fourni dans de l'air purifié à une pression positive par rapport à la pression atmosphérique. Avec les systèmes et procédés de la présente description, une médication disponible sous une variété de formes est introduite de manière contrôlée dans le courant d'air purifié dans un aérosol, sous forme nébulisée ou vaporisée.
PCT/US2008/057847 2007-03-21 2008-03-21 Procédés et systèmes d'administration d'une médication par inhalation WO2008116165A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/689,315 US20080066741A1 (en) 2006-09-20 2007-03-21 Methods and systems of delivering medication via inhalation
US11/689,315 2007-03-21

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008116165A2 true WO2008116165A2 (fr) 2008-09-25
WO2008116165A9 WO2008116165A9 (fr) 2009-06-11
WO2008116165A3 WO2008116165A3 (fr) 2009-12-30

Family

ID=39773111

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/057847 WO2008116165A2 (fr) 2007-03-21 2008-03-21 Procédés et systèmes d'administration d'une médication par inhalation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008116165A2 (fr)

Cited By (75)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8198268B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2012-06-12 Janssen Biotech, Inc. Tianeptine sulfate salt forms and methods of making and using the same
WO2013012696A1 (fr) 2011-07-15 2013-01-24 Inceptus, Inc. Systèmes, procédés et dispositifs de désinfection à l'ozone de dispositifs de ventilation spontanée en pression positive continue
US8501816B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-08-06 Cerecor, Inc. Antitussive compositions comprising memantine
US8569343B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2013-10-29 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US8905963B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2014-12-09 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US9066779B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-06-30 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable therapeutic device
WO2016001921A2 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Syqe Medical Ltd. Procédé et dispositif utilisables en vue de la vaporisation et de l'inhalation de substances isolées
CN105241475A (zh) * 2015-09-24 2016-01-13 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种远距离气体压力快速精确控制方法
US9417238B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2016-08-16 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Posterior segment drug delivery
US9474756B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2016-10-25 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Stable and soluble formulations of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of preparation thereof
US9492315B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2016-11-15 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable therapeutic device
US9526654B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2016-12-27 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ophthalmic implant for delivering therapeutic substances
TWI569816B (zh) * 2014-04-18 2017-02-11 林信湧 一種用於治療痛風之吸入式醫藥組成物及其備製方法
US9669124B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2017-06-06 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating multiple medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
WO2017123582A1 (fr) * 2016-01-11 2017-07-20 Avisa Pharma Inc. Méthodes de détection d'infections pulmonaires bactériennes
US9775379B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2017-10-03 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and system for drug delivery
US9802011B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-10-31 Syqe Medical Ltd. Drug dose cartridge for an inhaler device
WO2017192782A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Systèmes et méthodes comprenant un dispositif d'administration de gouttelettes et un dispositif d'assistance respiratoire pour un traitement thérapeutique
USD802788S1 (en) 2016-04-28 2017-11-14 Soclean, Inc. Ozone treatment device with open lid
US9839241B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-12-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
KR101821567B1 (ko) 2015-10-16 2018-01-25 단국대학교 산학협력단 리드프레임 에칭 폐액으로부터 전기도금용 산화동(ii)의 제조방법
US9883968B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2018-02-06 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Fluid exchange apparatus and methods
US9907872B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2018-03-06 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
WO2018057058A1 (fr) * 2016-09-24 2018-03-29 Sanmina Corporation Système et procédé d'atomisation et de contrôle d'une cartouche de médicament pendant des traitements par inhalation
WO2018067341A1 (fr) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Patara Pharma, LLC Compositions à base de cromolyne pour le traitement d'une fibrose pulmonaire
US9968603B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-05-15 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Systems for sustained intraocular delivery of low solubility compounds from a port delivery system implant
US9993602B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-06-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Flow regulating inhaler device
US10010448B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2018-07-03 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Insertion and removal methods and apparatus for therapeutic devices
US10118006B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-11-06 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
US10166142B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2019-01-01 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Small molecule delivery with implantable therapeutic device
IT201700093718A1 (it) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-16 Gianni Lucci Appercchio medico-sanitario per il monitoraggio e la gestione delle disfunzioni respiratorie
US10238625B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2019-03-26 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of mast cell related disorders with mast cell stabilizers
US10238628B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2019-03-26 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Mast cell stabilizers treatment for systemic disorders
US10258503B2 (en) 2014-07-15 2019-04-16 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ocular implant delivery device and method
US10265296B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2019-04-23 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of systemic disorders treatable with mast cell stabilizers, including mast cell related disorders
US10265267B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2019-04-23 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Cromolyn compositions for treatment of chronic cough due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
US10398592B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2019-09-03 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Diagnostic methods and apparatus
US10427961B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-01 Soclean, Inc. Technologies for sanitizing reservoirs
US10434204B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-08 Soclean, Inc. Technologies for sanitizing mist humidifiers
US10471227B1 (en) 2018-07-11 2019-11-12 Martin Allan Morris Low flow adaptor to deliver aerosols via nasal cannula without crashout
US10485888B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-11-26 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating multiple medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US10500091B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2019-12-10 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Expandable drug delivery devices and methods of use
US10500354B2 (en) 2015-09-25 2019-12-10 Sanmina Corporation System and method for atomizing and monitoring a drug cartridge during inhalation treatments
WO2019204484A3 (fr) * 2018-04-18 2019-12-19 Anderson Industries, Llc Système portatif de stérilisation et de décontamination
US10512644B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2019-12-24 Inheris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US10512739B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2019-12-24 Vectura Gmbh Inhalation device for use in aerosol therapy of respiratory diseases
US10561805B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2020-02-18 Ablynx N.V. Methods of treating RSV infections
US10603272B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2020-03-31 Kindred Biosciences, Inc. Stimulation of appetite and treatment of anorexia in dogs and cats
US10617557B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2020-04-14 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Combined drug delivery methods and apparatus
US10702571B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2020-07-07 The University Of North Carolina At Pembroke Materials for cathepsin B enhancement and methods of use
US10744087B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2020-08-18 Incarda Therapeutics, Inc. Method to slow ventricular rate
US10835512B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2020-11-17 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods of treating respiratory syncytial virus infections
US10874548B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2020-12-29 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Therapeutic agent formulations for implanted devices
WO2021010812A1 (fr) 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 AMEZCUA AMEZCUA, Federico Combinaison synergique de s-kétorolac et prégabaline dans une composition pharmaceutique pour le traitement de la douleur neuropathique
US11007185B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2021-05-18 Incarda Therapeutics, Inc. Antiarrhythmic formulation
RU2749123C1 (ru) * 2020-12-17 2021-06-04 Остаров Юрий Юсуфович Защитная маска с бактерицидной обработкой воздуха
US11034768B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2021-06-15 Sanofi Biotechnology Methods for treating or preventing asthma by administering an IL-4R antagonist
US11116737B1 (en) 2020-04-10 2021-09-14 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Methods of using probenecid for treatment of coronavirus infections
US20210386133A1 (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-16 Utah Valley University Apparatus for a molecular imprinted protective face mask
US11214621B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2022-01-04 Sanofi Biotechnology Methods for treating chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps by administering an IL-4R antagonist
WO2022048927A1 (fr) * 2020-09-01 2022-03-10 Stamford Devices Limited Appareil thérapeutique à débit élevé d'aérosol
RU2768044C1 (ru) * 2021-12-28 2022-03-23 федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Экспрессионный вектор на основе аденоассоциированного вируса, обладающий защитными свойствами против интоксикации, вызванной ботулиническим нейротоксином типа А
US11298477B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2022-04-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
US11419759B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2022-08-23 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Fluid exchange apparatus for expandable port delivery system and methods of use
US11432959B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2022-09-06 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Porous structures for extended release drug delivery devices
US11458267B2 (en) 2017-10-17 2022-10-04 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Nasal drug delivery apparatus and methods of use
US11484613B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2022-11-01 Soclean Inc. Technologies for sanitizing medical devices
US11529476B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2022-12-20 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Dry powder delivery device and methods of use
US11617680B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-04-04 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable ocular drug delivery devices
US11670410B1 (en) 2022-04-13 2023-06-06 Green Sky Creations LLC Systems and methods to automatically administer a psychoactive substance to an airway of a user based on a detected event or condition
US11738158B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2023-08-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Electronic breath actuated in-line droplet delivery device and methods of use
US11771852B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2023-10-03 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Electronic breath actuated in-line droplet delivery device with small volume ampoule and methods of use
US11793945B2 (en) 2021-06-22 2023-10-24 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device with push ejection
US11806331B2 (en) 2016-01-06 2023-11-07 Syqe Medical Ltd. Low dose therapeutic treatment
WO2024047523A1 (fr) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 Sia Emteko Holding Dispositif d'inhalation pour administration de médicaments, et système d'inhalation

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244361A (en) * 1979-04-13 1981-01-13 Neubert Herbert O Portable electrical inhalator
US5681533A (en) * 1993-03-15 1997-10-28 Yushin Engineering Environment decontaminating system having air cleaning and deodorizing function
US20030005924A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2003-01-09 Rabinowitz Joshua D. Delivery of beta-blockers through an inhalation route
US20040112381A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2004-06-17 Ujhazy Anthony John Methods and apparatus for supplying clean breathable gas
US20060276483A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-07 Surber Mark W Aerosolized fluoroquinolones and uses thereof
US20070056256A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-15 Frederick Tepper Electrostatic air filter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4244361A (en) * 1979-04-13 1981-01-13 Neubert Herbert O Portable electrical inhalator
US5681533A (en) * 1993-03-15 1997-10-28 Yushin Engineering Environment decontaminating system having air cleaning and deodorizing function
US20040112381A1 (en) * 2001-02-16 2004-06-17 Ujhazy Anthony John Methods and apparatus for supplying clean breathable gas
US20030005924A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2003-01-09 Rabinowitz Joshua D. Delivery of beta-blockers through an inhalation route
US20060276483A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-12-07 Surber Mark W Aerosolized fluoroquinolones and uses thereof
US20070056256A1 (en) * 2005-09-12 2007-03-15 Frederick Tepper Electrostatic air filter

Cited By (158)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9233167B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2016-01-12 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US9512135B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2016-12-06 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US10143690B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2018-12-04 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US8569343B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2013-10-29 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US9458166B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2016-10-04 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US8946285B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2015-02-03 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US8952032B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2015-02-10 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US10512644B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2019-12-24 Inheris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US9827239B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2017-11-28 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US10307416B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2019-06-04 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US9233168B2 (en) 2007-03-12 2016-01-12 Nektar Therapeutics Oligomer-opioid agonist conjugates
US8198268B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2012-06-12 Janssen Biotech, Inc. Tianeptine sulfate salt forms and methods of making and using the same
US10813788B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2020-10-27 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable therapeutic device
US9851351B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2017-12-26 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Posterior segment drug delivery
US9417238B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2016-08-16 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Posterior segment drug delivery
US11642310B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2023-05-09 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Posterior segment drug delivery
US10656152B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2020-05-19 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Posterior segment drug delivery
US9066779B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2015-06-30 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable therapeutic device
US10166142B2 (en) 2010-01-29 2019-01-01 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Small molecule delivery with implantable therapeutic device
US9492315B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2016-11-15 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable therapeutic device
US11679027B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2023-06-20 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Combined drug delivery methods and apparatus
US11786396B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2023-10-17 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US9861521B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2018-01-09 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US10617557B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2020-04-14 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Combined drug delivery methods and apparatus
US9033911B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2015-05-19 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US8905963B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2014-12-09 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US10265215B2 (en) 2010-08-05 2019-04-23 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Injector apparatus and method for drug delivery
US8501816B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2013-08-06 Cerecor, Inc. Antitussive compositions comprising memantine
US10874548B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2020-12-29 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Therapeutic agent formulations for implanted devices
US11065151B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2021-07-20 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Therapeutic agent formulations for implanted devices
US9775379B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2017-10-03 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and system for drug delivery
US11766399B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2023-09-26 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and system for drug delivery
US11071712B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2021-07-27 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and system for drug delivery
US20170360089A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2017-12-21 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and system for drug delivery
US10398592B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2019-09-03 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Diagnostic methods and apparatus
US11813196B2 (en) 2011-06-28 2023-11-14 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Diagnostic methods and apparatus
US9895461B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2018-02-20 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US9358316B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2016-06-07 Inceptus, Inc. Systems, methods and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10485888B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-11-26 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating multiple medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US10456492B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-29 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US11224672B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2022-01-18 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10434204B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-08 Soclean, Inc. Technologies for sanitizing mist humidifiers
US11426481B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2022-08-30 Soclean Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10434205B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-08 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10427961B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-10-01 Soclean, Inc. Technologies for sanitizing reservoirs
EP3275468B1 (fr) * 2011-07-15 2023-05-10 SoClean, Inc. Appareil pour connecter un dispositif de pression positive continue (cpap)
US10398797B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-09-03 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
WO2013012696A1 (fr) 2011-07-15 2013-01-24 Inceptus, Inc. Systèmes, procédés et dispositifs de désinfection à l'ozone de dispositifs de ventilation spontanée en pression positive continue
EP2731632A4 (fr) * 2011-07-15 2015-05-06 Inceptus Inc Systèmes, procédés et dispositifs de désinfection à l'ozone de dispositifs de ventilation spontanée en pression positive continue
US10052397B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2018-08-21 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10940222B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2021-03-09 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US11738105B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2023-08-29 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating multiple medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US10851001B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2020-12-01 SoClean, Inc Technologies for sanitizing reservoirs
US9669124B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2017-06-06 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating multiple medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US9616147B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2017-04-11 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10842898B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2020-11-24 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US11819585B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2023-11-21 Soclean, Inc. Technologies for sanitizing mist humidifiers
US10232072B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2019-03-19 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for treating medical devices having passageways with ozone gas
US9610373B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2017-04-04 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
EP3275468A2 (fr) 2011-07-15 2018-01-31 SoClean, Inc. Appareil pour connecter un dispositif de pression positive continue (cpap) et unité de connecteur pour une cpap
US10722603B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2020-07-28 Soclean, Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US10653554B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2020-05-19 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Fluid exchange apparatus and methods
US9883968B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2018-02-06 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Fluid exchange apparatus and methods
US10603209B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2020-03-31 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Insertion and removal methods and apparatus for therapeutic devices
US10010448B2 (en) 2012-02-03 2018-07-03 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Insertion and removal methods and apparatus for therapeutic devices
US9968603B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-05-15 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Systems for sustained intraocular delivery of low solubility compounds from a port delivery system implant
US9526654B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2016-12-27 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ophthalmic implant for delivering therapeutic substances
US11510810B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2022-11-29 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ophthalmic implant for delivering therapeutic substances
US10398593B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2019-09-03 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ophthalmic implant for delivering therapeutic substances
US10238628B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2019-03-26 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Mast cell stabilizers treatment for systemic disorders
US10398673B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2019-09-03 Respivant Services GmbH Mast cell stabilizers treatment for systemic disorders
US10835512B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2020-11-17 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods of treating respiratory syncytial virus infections
TWI569816B (zh) * 2014-04-18 2017-02-11 林信湧 一種用於治療痛風之吸入式醫藥組成物及其備製方法
US10953121B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2021-03-23 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US11135327B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2021-10-05 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US9907872B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2018-03-06 Soclean, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for ozone sanitization of continuous positive airway pressure devices
US11160937B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2021-11-02 Syqe Medical Ltd. Drug dose cartridge for an inhaler device
US10166349B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2019-01-01 Syqe Medical Ltd. Flow regulating inhaler device
WO2016001921A2 (fr) 2014-06-30 2016-01-07 Syqe Medical Ltd. Procédé et dispositif utilisables en vue de la vaporisation et de l'inhalation de substances isolées
US9993602B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-06-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Flow regulating inhaler device
US10080851B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-09-25 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and device for vaporization and inhalation of isolated substances
EP3954417A1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2022-02-16 Syqe Medical Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de vaporisation et d'inhalation de substances isolées
US11291781B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2022-04-05 Syqe Medical Ltd. Flow regulating inhaler device
US10099020B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-10-16 Syqe Medical Ltd. Drug dose cartridge for an inhaler device
US10118006B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2018-11-06 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
US9802011B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-10-31 Syqe Medical Ltd. Drug dose cartridge for an inhaler device
EP3160565B1 (fr) * 2014-06-30 2021-08-18 Syqe Medical Ltd. Dispositifs et systèmes pour administration pulmonaire d'agents actifs
US11298477B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2022-04-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
US9839241B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-12-12 Syqe Medical Ltd. Methods, devices and systems for pulmonary delivery of active agents
US11311480B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2022-04-26 Syqe Medical Ltd. Method and device for vaporization and inhalation of isolated substances
US10369304B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2019-08-06 Syqe Medical Ltd. Flow regulating inhaler device
US11337853B2 (en) 2014-07-15 2022-05-24 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ocular implant delivery device and method
US10258503B2 (en) 2014-07-15 2019-04-16 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Ocular implant delivery device and method
US10765677B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2020-09-08 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Stable and soluble formulations of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of preparation thereof
US10363255B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2019-07-30 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Stable and soluble formulations of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of preparation thereof
US9895369B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2018-02-20 Forsight Vision4, Inc Stable and soluble formulations of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of preparation thereof
US9474756B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2016-10-25 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Stable and soluble formulations of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of preparation thereof
US10561805B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2020-02-18 Ablynx N.V. Methods of treating RSV infections
US10512739B2 (en) 2014-10-10 2019-12-24 Vectura Gmbh Inhalation device for use in aerosol therapy of respiratory diseases
US10500091B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2019-12-10 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Expandable drug delivery devices and methods of use
US11110001B2 (en) 2014-11-10 2021-09-07 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Expandable drug delivery devices and methods of use
US11214621B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2022-01-04 Sanofi Biotechnology Methods for treating chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps by administering an IL-4R antagonist
US10603272B2 (en) 2015-02-27 2020-03-31 Kindred Biosciences, Inc. Stimulation of appetite and treatment of anorexia in dogs and cats
US10265296B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2019-04-23 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of systemic disorders treatable with mast cell stabilizers, including mast cell related disorders
US10596146B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2020-03-24 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of systemic disorders treatable with mast cell stabilizers, including mast cell related disorders
US10391078B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2019-08-27 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of mast cell related disorders with mast cell stabilizers
US10238625B2 (en) 2015-08-07 2019-03-26 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Methods for the treatment of mast cell related disorders with mast cell stabilizers
CN105241475A (zh) * 2015-09-24 2016-01-13 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种远距离气体压力快速精确控制方法
CN105241475B (zh) * 2015-09-24 2017-11-03 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种远距离气体压力快速精确控制方法
US10500354B2 (en) 2015-09-25 2019-12-10 Sanmina Corporation System and method for atomizing and monitoring a drug cartridge during inhalation treatments
KR101821567B1 (ko) 2015-10-16 2018-01-25 단국대학교 산학협력단 리드프레임 에칭 폐액으로부터 전기도금용 산화동(ii)의 제조방법
US11432959B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2022-09-06 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Porous structures for extended release drug delivery devices
US10702571B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2020-07-07 The University Of North Carolina At Pembroke Materials for cathepsin B enhancement and methods of use
US11806331B2 (en) 2016-01-06 2023-11-07 Syqe Medical Ltd. Low dose therapeutic treatment
WO2017123582A1 (fr) * 2016-01-11 2017-07-20 Avisa Pharma Inc. Méthodes de détection d'infections pulmonaires bactériennes
US11617680B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2023-04-04 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Implantable ocular drug delivery devices
USD802788S1 (en) 2016-04-28 2017-11-14 Soclean, Inc. Ozone treatment device with open lid
US11285274B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-03-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Methods for the systemic delivery of therapeutic agents to the pulmonary system using a droplet delivery device
US11285285B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-03-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Systems and methods comprising a droplet delivery device and a breathing assist device for therapeutic treatment
US10898666B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2021-01-26 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Methods for generating and delivering droplets to the pulmonary system using a droplet delivery device
US9956360B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2018-05-01 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Methods for generating and delivering droplets to the pulmonary system using a droplet delivery device
US10525220B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2020-01-07 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device for delivery of fluids to the pulmonary system and methods of use
US9962507B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2018-05-08 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device for delivery of fluids to the pulmonary system and methods of use
WO2017192782A1 (fr) * 2016-05-03 2017-11-09 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Systèmes et méthodes comprenant un dispositif d'administration de gouttelettes et un dispositif d'assistance respiratoire pour un traitement thérapeutique
US11285284B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-03-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Methods for treatment of pulmonary lung diseases with improved therapeutic efficacy and improved dose efficiency
US10449314B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2019-10-22 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device for delivery of fluids to the pulmonary system and methods of use
US11285283B2 (en) 2016-05-03 2022-03-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Methods for generating and delivering droplets to the pulmonary system using a droplet delivery device
US10265267B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2019-04-23 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Cromolyn compositions for treatment of chronic cough due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
US10463613B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2019-11-05 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Cromolyn compositions for treatment of chronic cough due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
WO2018057058A1 (fr) * 2016-09-24 2018-03-29 Sanmina Corporation Système et procédé d'atomisation et de contrôle d'une cartouche de médicament pendant des traitements par inhalation
US10561635B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2020-02-18 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Cromolyn compositions for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
WO2018067341A1 (fr) * 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Patara Pharma, LLC Compositions à base de cromolyne pour le traitement d'une fibrose pulmonaire
US10583113B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2020-03-10 Respivant Sciences Gmbh Cromolyn compositions for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
US11529476B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2022-12-20 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Dry powder delivery device and methods of use
IT201700093718A1 (it) * 2017-08-16 2019-02-16 Gianni Lucci Appercchio medico-sanitario per il monitoraggio e la gestione delle disfunzioni respiratorie
US11738158B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2023-08-29 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Electronic breath actuated in-line droplet delivery device and methods of use
US11458267B2 (en) 2017-10-17 2022-10-04 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Nasal drug delivery apparatus and methods of use
US11034768B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2021-06-15 Sanofi Biotechnology Methods for treating or preventing asthma by administering an IL-4R antagonist
US11771852B2 (en) 2017-11-08 2023-10-03 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Electronic breath actuated in-line droplet delivery device with small volume ampoule and methods of use
US11419759B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2022-08-23 Forsight Vision4, Inc. Fluid exchange apparatus for expandable port delivery system and methods of use
US10744087B2 (en) 2018-03-22 2020-08-18 Incarda Therapeutics, Inc. Method to slow ventricular rate
US11344640B2 (en) 2018-04-18 2022-05-31 Anderson Industries, Llc Portable sterilization and decontamination system
WO2019204484A3 (fr) * 2018-04-18 2019-12-19 Anderson Industries, Llc Système portatif de stérilisation et de décontamination
US10471227B1 (en) 2018-07-11 2019-11-12 Martin Allan Morris Low flow adaptor to deliver aerosols via nasal cannula without crashout
US11484613B2 (en) 2019-03-19 2022-11-01 Soclean Inc. Technologies for sanitizing medical devices
WO2021010812A1 (fr) 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 AMEZCUA AMEZCUA, Federico Combinaison synergique de s-kétorolac et prégabaline dans une composition pharmaceutique pour le traitement de la douleur neuropathique
US11007185B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2021-05-18 Incarda Therapeutics, Inc. Antiarrhythmic formulation
US11020384B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2021-06-01 Incarda Therapeutics, Inc. Antiarrhythmic formulation
US11903916B2 (en) 2020-04-10 2024-02-20 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Methods of using probenecid for treatment of coronavirus infections
US11116737B1 (en) 2020-04-10 2021-09-14 University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. Methods of using probenecid for treatment of coronavirus infections
US20210386133A1 (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-16 Utah Valley University Apparatus for a molecular imprinted protective face mask
WO2022048927A1 (fr) * 2020-09-01 2022-03-10 Stamford Devices Limited Appareil thérapeutique à débit élevé d'aérosol
WO2022131955A1 (fr) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 ОСТАРОВ, Юрий Юсуфович Masque de protection avec traitement bactéricide de l'air
RU2749123C1 (ru) * 2020-12-17 2021-06-04 Остаров Юрий Юсуфович Защитная маска с бактерицидной обработкой воздуха
US11793945B2 (en) 2021-06-22 2023-10-24 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device with push ejection
RU2768044C1 (ru) * 2021-12-28 2022-03-23 федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Экспрессионный вектор на основе аденоассоциированного вируса, обладающий защитными свойствами против интоксикации, вызванной ботулиническим нейротоксином типа А
US11670410B1 (en) 2022-04-13 2023-06-06 Green Sky Creations LLC Systems and methods to automatically administer a psychoactive substance to an airway of a user based on a detected event or condition
WO2024047523A1 (fr) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 Sia Emteko Holding Dispositif d'inhalation pour administration de médicaments, et système d'inhalation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008116165A9 (fr) 2009-06-11
WO2008116165A3 (fr) 2009-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20080066741A1 (en) Methods and systems of delivering medication via inhalation
WO2008116165A9 (fr) Procédés et systèmes d'administration d'une médication par inhalation
US20080078382A1 (en) Methods and Systems of Delivering Medication Via Inhalation
AU2013352004B2 (en) Methods and devices for compound delivery
JP6785767B2 (ja) 吸入式の薬剤送達装置
EP3698832B1 (fr) Procédés et dispositifs pour soulager le besoin de fumer
ES2452935T3 (es) Dispositivo de aerosolización
CN101553210A (zh) 经吸入输送药物的方法和系统
EP3117858B1 (fr) Nébuliseur pour nourrissons et les patients ayant des voies respiratoires altérées
JP2008540056A (ja) 気管支内治療のためのバルブ、デバイス、および方法
US20230001128A1 (en) Aerosolization systems, methods, and apparatuses
US20240123168A1 (en) Product delivery devices and methods
AU2013209385B2 (en) Nebulizer for infants and respiratory compromised patients
CZ375599A3 (cs) Způsob podávání haloterapie

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08732667

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08732667

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2