WO2008109976A1 - Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor - Google Patents
Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008109976A1 WO2008109976A1 PCT/BR2008/000078 BR2008000078W WO2008109976A1 WO 2008109976 A1 WO2008109976 A1 WO 2008109976A1 BR 2008000078 W BR2008000078 W BR 2008000078W WO 2008109976 A1 WO2008109976 A1 WO 2008109976A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/81—Protease inhibitors
- C07K14/8107—Endopeptidase (E.C. 3.4.21-99) inhibitors
- C07K14/811—Serine protease (E.C. 3.4.21) inhibitors
- C07K14/8114—Kunitz type inhibitors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- This invention refers to the process for the obtainence of a recombinant protein with inhibiting activity on Factor X activated of blood coagulation; characterized as a Kunitz-type inhibitor, obtained from a cDNA library of salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick; to the process for the obtainence of the clone oligonucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence of the recombinant protein, to the process for determining the inhibiting activity of this recombinant protein on Factor X activated, to the process for determining the anti-coagulant activity in plasma, to the process for determining the apoptotic activity in lineage of tumoral cells, to the process for determining the anti-metastatic activity in melanoma tumor, to the process for determining the anti-cancer activity (melanoma, colon, breast, lungs and leukemia) , in vitro and in vivo.
- a Kunitz-type inhibitor obtained from a cDNA library of saliva
- Proteinase inhibitors are molecules acting in normal control mechanisms of the proteolytic enzyme activity and are related to many physiological processes as for example coagulation, fibrinolysis, digestion and also in pathologies as cancer, hemorrhagic disturbances, inflammation and blood pressure balance (DECLERCK & IMREM, 1994).
- One of the most efficient means for controlling coagulation is the action of proteinase inhibitors.
- salivary glands of the majority of the hematophages species as ticks for instance produce several anti-coagulant substances aiming to turn blood more fluid then optimizing its feeding. (RIBEIRO, 1995).
- FXa Factor X activated
- TFPI tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
- BPTI Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor
- the human TFPI is a protein composed of three Kunitz- type domains (Kl,
- K2 and K3 and Kl, the first domain, has an acid region at the N-terminus portion where the binding site to the FVIIa is placed.
- the second domain we can find the area responsible for the FXa binding and finally the third domain presents a basic region at its C-terminus portion of which function has not yet been elucidated but probably contains a heparin binding site (Rao, 1995).
- the human TFPI inhibition mechanism comprehends two phases. In the first phase the inhibitor associates itself to factors FXa and FVIIa, however the inhibition will really occur in the following phase where a formation of a quaternary complex is seen with the presence of Tissue Factor (TF), FXa, FVIIa and human TFPI (TFPI : FXa:
- TFPI-2 tissue factor pathway inhibitor - 2
- the inhibitor of the human tissue factor type-2 "tissue factor pathway inhibitor - 2" is a protein of 32-kDa consisting in three Kunitz-type domains (Chand et. al., 2004).
- TFPI-2 inhibits a variety of serine proteases involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis probably due to the arginine residue found in the position 24 (R24) of the first Kunitz-type domain.
- R24 residues of glutamin and serine respectively can be found.
- R24Q TFPI-2 residue was modified by a glutamin residue
- this mutation originates around 90% of the inhibiting activity loss on bovine trypsin. This fact demonstrates the importance of this residue in maintaining the inhibitory activity (Kamei et. al., 1999).
- carcinogen of biological, chemical or physical natures
- Phase I activation
- Phase II detoxification
- Some Phase I enzymes act not only as catalyzer of oxidative reactions, but also metabolizing high quantities of carcinogens or lipophilic xenobiotics (Bell et. al, 1993).
- the persistency of the DNA damages depends on repairing mechanisms and on the cellular life lasting of the damaged tissue, that way, if the damage persists or is not repaired, there is an expansion of a mutant cellular clone (Duke et al, 1996; Wainscoat e Fey, 1990).
- promoters are not genotoxic. They are specific-tissue and have multiple action mechanisms acting in an epigenetic form resulting in tissue homeostasis disturbances (Hermo et al, 1987).
- the promotion mechanisms include the activation of cellular surface receptors, activation or inhibition of cytosolic enzymes, activation of transcription and translation factors (by Kinase), proliferation stimulation, apoptosis inhibition, and direct cytotoxicity.
- the tumoral cells In the progression stage, the tumoral cells also show capacity of forming new blood vessels which will feed them, provoking uncontrolled increasing since they invade tissues around them at first and can be reaching the inside of a lymphatic or blood vessel and through them be spread into other organs. (Meyer et. al., 1998, Matsuda et al 2003). The cells usually react to several intrinsic damages generated from intermediate metabolism products, from severe or chronic inflammatory reactions and from process causing oxygen and nitrogen unstable reactive metabolites.
- tumoral progression includes invasion and metastasization.
- pre-existing or pre-neoplasia lesions are added to aleatory mutational alterations including aberration of specific-sequence, duplication, deletion and/or loss of heterozygosity in specific genes as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, metastogeneses and repairing genes.
- Oncogenes are inactive in physiological conditions and can be activate by changing an amino acid, or by the amplification of a gene in a chromosome originating several copies of this gene with the increase of its activity and finally, by the recombination among genes of distinct chromosomes.
- the difference of these genes is that they are usually active, vigilant for avoiding the uncontrolled growing of the cells (Budillon, 1995).
- the invasive nature of the tumoral progression is associated to the increase of mobility of tumoral cells, to the proteolysis capacity and to the loss of inhibition of cell- cell and cell-matrix contact.
- the metastatic cells are then disseminated through the circulatory, lymphatic systems by local extension or even by the implanting process. Therefore, standards for metastasis locations will vary depending on the kind of primary cancer and on organs since some of them like muscles, skin, thymus and spleen will rarely present metastases (Goel, et al., 2004).
- Some cancers considered untreatable or without therapeutical response predominantly repeat the place of the primary cancer and in its region lymph nodules. These tumors can also produce metastases during the treatment.
- Cancer treatment is based, in general, on surgical removing of solid tumors placed in situ, radiotherapy for tumors in patients without clinical conditions or technical possibilities for its complete removing and chemotherapy for cases of non-solid tumors or of solid tumor spreading.
- Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery turned to be therapeutical methods of intensive administration associated with other treatments and introducing the concept of adjuvant treatments has been an innovation in the process of control and cure of many sick patients, improving their results (Tsao, et. al., 2004).
- the majority of solid tumors present modest or inefficient responses to chemotherapy, limiting indications and efficiency both in adjuvant treatment on local tumors and in therapeutical of metastasis cases (Sekire, et al., 2004).
- TF Tissue Factor
- tumoral cells come to express the receptor of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u- PA) and the plasminogen activators promote the activation of plasminogen into plasmine.
- u- PA urokinase-type plasminogen activator
- This system is responsible for the tissue coordination and remodeling.
- TNF tumoral necrosis factor
- VEGF vascular endothelial growing factor
- the disclosure provides nucleic acid sequences that encode polypeptides that can have an anti-coagulation, anti-cancer, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti- angiogenic, and/or pro-phagocytic effect.
- the polypeptides themselves are also provided, as are methods of using such polypeptides and nucleic acids.
- the disclosure features an isolated nucleic acid comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
- the nucleic acid encodes a Kunitz-type inhibitor of Factor Xa (FXa).
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
- the polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of: (i) decreasing FXa-mediated coagulation, wherein the decrease occurs in the presence of phospholipids;
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
- the disclosure features an isolated polypeptide that contains an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 86%,
- polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of:
- the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2.
- the disclosure features an isolated polypeptide that contains an amino acid sequence that differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty- one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five) amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions, wherein the polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of: (i) decreasing FXa-mediated coagulation, wherein the decrease occurs in the presence of phospholipids;
- the amino acid sequence differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty- five) conservative amino acid substitutions.
- the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence that differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty- three, twenty-four, or twenty-five) amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions.
- the amino acid sequence differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty- five) conservative amino acid substitutions.
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide containing the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of:
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the disclosure features an isolated polypeptide that contains an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, wherein the polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of:
- the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% (e.g., 75%, 80%, 82%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 91%, 98%, or 99%) identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the disclosure features an isolated polypeptide that contains an amino acid sequence that differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five) amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions, wherein the polypeptide possesses an activity selected from the group consisting of:
- the amino acid sequence differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty- five) conservative amino acid substitutions.
- the polypeptide consists of an amino acid sequence that differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty- three, twenty-four, or twenty-five) amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions.
- the amino acid sequence differs from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 by up to twenty-five (e.g., by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty- five) conservative amino acid substitutions.
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide containing amino acids 1-61 of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the disclosure features a purified polypeptide containing amino acids 62-108 of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the disclosure features a pharmaceutical composition containing a nucleic acid described herein (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1).
- the disclosure features a pharmaceutical composition containing a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3).
- the disclosure features a method of decreasing blood coagulation in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- a method of treating cancer in a subject the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- the polypeptide is administered with a chemotherapy treatment.
- the polypeptide is administered with a radiotherapy treatment.
- the disclosure features a method of decreasing tumor progression in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- a polypeptide described herein e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3
- the disclosure features a method of decreasing tumor metastasis in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- a polypeptide described herein e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3
- the disclosure features a method of decreasing tumor angiogenesis in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- a polypeptide described herein e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3
- the disclosure features a method of increasing phagocytic activity in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- the disclosure features a method of treating or preventing a thromboembolism in a subject, the method comprising administering a polypeptide described herein (e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3) to the subject.
- a polypeptide described herein e.g., a polypeptide containing SEQ ID NO:2 or 3
- the method is performed in a pre or post operative setting.
- the disclosure features a vector containing a nucleic acid described herein (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the disclosure features a host cell that contains a vector described herein (e.g., a vector containing a nucleic acid described herein (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1)).
- the disclosure features a method of producing a Kunitz- type inhibitor of Factor Xa (FXa), the method comprising culturing a host cell described herein (e.g., a host cell that contains a vector described herein) under conditions that result in the expression of the inhibitor encoded by the nucleic acid.
- a host cell described herein e.g., a host cell that contains a vector described herein
- the method further includes purifying the inhibitor from the host cells or host cell culture supernatant.
- Figure 1 Electrophoresis in agarose gel.
- Sample total RNA extracted from the A. cajennense salivary glands by the guanidine phenyl isothiocyanate method.
- FIG. 1 Electrophoresis in agarose gel. 1. and 2. mRNA purified by oligo (dT) column; 3. Material not retained in the oligo (dT) column; 4. Total RNA.
- FIG. 3 cDNA inserts of the plasmid library. Electrophoresis in agarose gel 1-2 % showing the fragments obtained by 16 aleatory clones of the plasmid library after the incubation for 2 hours with EcoR I and Hind III From 1 to 16: cleavage products of the aleatory clones, 17 marker.
- Figure 4 Complete sequence of the selected clone (SEQ ID No.l).
- Figure 5 Complete sequence of the selected clone (SEQ ID No.l).
- Figure 6 Sequence of the mature protein (SEQ ID No.3).
- Figure 7 Sequence 5' -3' of the "primer” constructed for the amplification of the clone selected for the expression (SEQ ID No.4).
- Figure 8 SDS-PAGE 15%. Purification of the recombinant inhibitor in Ni- Sepharose column. 1) marker of molecular mass, 2) Chromatography Entrance Material, 3 to 8) fractions eluded in the purification.
- Figure 9 Comparison of the primary structures of the Amblyomin-X and of the Ixodes.
- Figure 10 Curve of FXa inhibition in presence of phospholipids and crescent concentrations of the recombinant inhibitor.
- Figure 11a Prolonging curve of thromboplastin time partially activated in absence and presence of crescent concentrations of the recombinant inhibitor.
- Figure l ib Inhibition curve of prothrombin time (TP) in absence (control) and crescent concentrations of the recombinant inhibitor.
- Figure 12 Coagulation time using PS: PC or apoptotic bodies in presence and absence of Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 13 Cytological aspects of the alterations provoked by the treatment with Amblyomin-X (0,3 uM) in B 16F 10 cells after 6 hours.
- Figure 14 Aspects of cytological alterations provoked by Amblyomin-X (0,3 uM) in Bl 6F10 cells after 12 hours of treatment.
- Figure 15 Aspects of the cytological alterations provoked by the Amblyomin-X (0,3 uM) treatment in Bl 6F10 cells after 24 exposing hours.
- Figure 16 Analysis of the cellular adhesion inhibition of Bl 6F10 melanoma cells treated with different concentrations of Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 17 Amblyomin-X effect on the viability of the Bl 6F10 melanoma cells.
- Figure 18 analysis of the growing of Bl 6F10 dorsal melanoma treated with AMBLYOMIN-X during 14 days.
- Figure 19 Macroscopic aspect of dorsal tumors produced after the implantation of B 16F 10 melanoma cells and treated with hng/Kg of Amblyomin -X during 14 days.
- Figure 20 Growing curve of tumoral weight after the treatment with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 21 Number of tumoral nodules present in pulmonary parenchyma after treating with Amblyomin-X for 14 days.
- Figure 22 Size distribution of pulmonary lesions after the treatment with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 23 Analysis concerning the life lasting rate of animals with pulmonary parenchyma metastases treated with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 24 Macroscopic aspect of dorsal tumors of Bl 6F10 melanoma treated during 42 days with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 25 A Macroscopic aspect of Bl 6F10 dorsal melanoma in C57BL/6J mice of the control group treated during 42 days with saline solution.
- Figure 25 B Macroscopic aspect of Bl 6F10 dorsal melanoma tumor in C57BL/6J mice treated during 42 days with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 26 Phase analysis of the cellular cycle of Bl 6F10 melanoma dorsal tumors treated with Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 27 Phase analysis of the cellular cycle of pulmonary metastases of the animals treated with Amblyomin- X.
- Figure 28 Cytotoxicity determination of healthy human lymphocytes treated with different concentrations of Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 29 Determination of the cytotoxic effects of the low molecular weight heparin in B16F10 cells and SKMEL- 28.
- Figure 30 Spreading of peritoneal macrophages after 1 h of treatment with 0,3 uM of Amblyomin-X.
- Figure 31 Phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages after 1 h of treatment with 0,3 uM of Amblyomin-X, measured by C3b of the complement.
- Figure 32 Phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages after 1 hour of treatment with Amblyomin-X mediated by the Fc portion of the antibody.
- This invention verifies and proves that a protein present in the saliva of the Amblyomma cajennense tick has apoptotic activity in tumoral cells (of human melanoma- SKMEL28, MEL85, MEWO, murine melanoma B16F10, leukemia: pro- myelocytic HL60, erythroleukemia K562, lymphoblastic T JURKAT, leukemia T U937, murine lymphocytic T, YAC-I; lung cancer H292, breast cancer MCF-7 and MCF-IO and rectum colon cancer SW613-12A1, SW613-B3) , and anti-tumoral activity in vivo (melanoma), as well as antimetastatic and anti- angiogenic activity.
- tumoral cells of human melanoma- SKMEL28, MEL85, MEWO, murine melanoma B16F10, leukemia: pro- myelocytic HL60, erythrole
- This invention also shows that the recombinant protein is able to stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages (spreading and phagocytary rates mediated by complement or antibody) and does not have cytotoxic activity in normal cells as human endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord, fibroblasts, platelets, polymorphonuclear, lymphocytes and human macrophages, as well as in internal organs as kidneys, liver, heart, spleen and lungs, in which no histopathologic alteration was observed after a prolonged treatment with the protein.
- a recombinant protein is obtained, a new Factor X activated inhibitor, a new anti- tumoral, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic agent, obtained from a gene of a cDNA library of the salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick.
- What was obtained through this invention is composed of a sequence of amino acids determined from the cDNA of the Amblyomma cajennense gland and can be defined as a polypeptide or protein of which sequence was determined from the cDNA that codifies between bases 1 and 505. Specifically, it is composed of a recombinant protein called Amblyomin-X and has a two-domain protein presenting homology to the Kunitz- and MAP Kinase- type domains. This invention presents anti-cancer use action as well as enables vaccine development from the cDNA.
- this invention is based initially on a cDNA library built up from salivary glands of the Amblyomma cajennense tick and subsequent sequencing of aleatory genes.
- SERPINS serine protease inhibitors
- the complete sequence of the elected gene was analyzed in a data bank and showed 17% of homology with the human TFPI of type 1 (Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor) and 21% of homology with the Ixolaris (Ixodes scapularis tick isolated inhibitor).
- the protein was expressed in E. coli bacteria in form of inclusion corpuscle and obtained after solubilization with urea and ⁇ -mercaptoethanol and later purified in affinity column of Ni-Sepharose.
- the recombinant protein is a 13,5 kDa and is able to inhibit Factor X activated in purified systems only when in presence of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine phospholipids. Besides that, the recombinant protein is able to prolong plasma coagulation time, observed in global coagulation tests as TTPA and TP. The recombinant protein did not demonstrate effect on normal endothelial cells (HUVECs- Human Vein Endothelial Cells) or on normal human fibroblast lineages.
- mice C57BI/6J with Bl 6F10 melanotic melanoma were treated with the recombinant protein by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route using different doses and in different time spacing. It was observed that the treated animals showed a significant reduction of tumoral mass (dorsal tumor). Besides that, the indices of metastasis were dramatically reduced when the treatment was conducted during 14 days after the tumoral implanting. When the treatment was conducted after the third day of the tumoral implanting, a complete remission of the tumor and the absence of metastases were observed. The protein seems to have anti- angiogenic activity since it inhibited vessel formation around the implanted tumor when compared to the control (without treatment). The protein also demonstrated to activate the phagocytic activity of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo.
- thromboembolism protector anticoagulant
- the methodology applied in the obtainence process and in the analysis of the referred recombinant protein can be summarized by the following procedures: Feeding the ticks and extracting their salivary glands; Obtainence of the total RNA by the guanidine phenol isothiocyanate method; Quantification of RNA; Agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA; Agarose gel electrophoresis for RNA; Purification of mRNA in oligo affinity column (dT) ; Construction of a cDNA library; Synthesis of the first strand; Synthesis of the second strand; Size screening of cDNA fragments in agarose gel; cDNA binding to Eco RI Adaptors; Digestion with Not I; Size screening of cDNA in agarose gel; cDNA binding to the vector; Transformation of competent bacteria; Preparation of plasmidial DNA by the alkaline lysis method; Preparing samples for sequencing; Searching for sequences; Amplification of selected clo
- Strain DH5 ⁇ ⁇ 80 dlacZ ⁇ M15, recAl, endAl, gyrA96, thi-1, hsdR17 (r k ' , m k + ), SupE44, relAl, deoR ⁇ (lac ZYA - arg I) ul69.
- Bacteriophage DE3 contains the RNA polymerase gene of phage T7 under the control of promoter Lac UV5, inductive with isopropil-thio- ⁇ -galactoside (IPTG). Plasmids
- pGEM-HZf(+) vector digested with EcoR I and Not I used for building up the plasmidial library. Technical Manual of PROMEGA, 1999.
- pAE expression vector derived from pRSETA (Invitrogen) and from pET3-His (Chen, 1994) constructed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of
- pAE is a high expression vector that combines the efficiency of promoter T7 and a great number of pRSETA plasmid copies, with a N- terminus fusion of six non- removable histidines of pET3-His, that allows the purification of recombinant proteins by affinity chromatography with immobilized metal ("Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography", IMAC) .
- IMAC immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography
- the "sense” oligonucleotides (Pl and P2) were obtained based on the protein N-terminus sequence. To these oligonucleotides a restriction site was preferably added for subsequent unidirectional clonage. The "sense” and “anti- sense” oligonucleotides were also used. They were all diluted in TE buffer (Tris-HCl 10 niM, EDTA ImM) for a final concentration of 10 pmol/ ⁇ l (100 ⁇ M).
- the salivary glands were sunk in guanidine isothiocyanate phenol reagent according to the methodology recommended by the manufacturer manual.
- binding buffer 3 ml was added to the total RNA followed by incubation at 70°C for 5 minutes, cooling it in ice for another 5 minutes and applying it in affinity column. The column was drained by gravity and washed with more 4 ml of binding buffer for eliminating all the RNA that were not mRNA.
- the mRNA was eluded with 1,5 ml of buffer Tris-HCl 10 mM, EDTA 1 mM, SDS 0,1%, pH 7,0 and collected in clean treated tube, heated at 70°C for 5 minutes and cooled in ice for another 5 minutes. After incubation for 20 minutes at room temperature, 90 ⁇ l de NaCl 5 M was added to the material and it was applied again in the column rebalanced with binding buffer. After a new wash with 4 ml of binding buffer and eluded with 1 ,5 ml of the elution buffer the collected material was precipitated with 90 ⁇ l of NaCl 5 M and 3 ml of absolute ethylic alcohol at -80°C "overnight". The material was then centrifuged in 7000 g for 20 minutes at 4°C and the supernatant was eliminated. mRNA was washed with 1 ml of ethylic alcohol 75% and centrifuged in
- the cDNA library was built up based on 5,0 ⁇ g of isolated mRNA using preferably the SuperscriptTM Plasmid System for cDNA Synthesis and Plasmid Cloning (Life Technologies) kit modified. First Strand Synthesis
- E. coli DNA ligase 10 U/ ⁇ l 4 ⁇ l of E. coli DNA polymerize I 10 U/ml and 1 ⁇ l of E coli RNAase H (2 U/ ⁇ l) were added to the first strand reaction mixture. After gently stirring the mixture, it was incubated at 16°C for 2 hours and 2 ⁇ l of T4 DNA polymerize I was added with more 5 minutes of incubation at the same temperature. Cooling in ice and adding 10 ⁇ l of ⁇ DTA 0,5 M interrupted the reaction. Screening of fragment sizes in agarose gel
- DNA ligase with posterior incubation at 16°C for 16 hours were added to the reaction tube.
- reaction was heated at 65°C for 10 minutes and cooled in ice. After adding 2 ⁇ l of ATP solution and 2 ⁇ l of T4 polymerase kinase the reaction was incubated for 30 minutes at 37°C.
- the cDNA was extracted with 55 ⁇ l of phenol/chloroform/ isoamilic alcohol (25:24:1), stirred and centrifuged in 1400Og for 5 minutes at room temperature.
- the upper aqueous phase was transferred to another tube and added with 2 volumes of absolute ethanol and 1 volume of sodium acetate 3 M and cooled at -80 0 C for 1 hour. After centrifuging it in 14000 g for 20 minutes and washing it with 500 ⁇ l of ethanol 70%, cDNA was dried up in flow for about 5 minutes.
- Second size screening in agarose gel 50 ⁇ l of the reaction of high molecular weight fragment was applied in agarose gel 1% and after electrophoresis the bands were cut out of the gel and the high weight cDNA was purified and eluded with 50 ⁇ l of H 2 O as described in the first size screening (Screening of fragment sizes in agarose gel).
- cDNA unidirectional binding to the pGEMl IZf (+) vector The high weight fraction (14 ⁇ l) was added with 4 ⁇ l of T4 DNA ligase buffer, 1 ⁇ l of clonage vector, preferably pGEMl IZf (+) (previously digested with EcoR I-
- cDNA was plated (2001 of high molecular weight cDNA) with 2YT- ampicillin medium and the plates were incubated for 18 hours at 37 0 C. 20 colonies containing inserts were incubated in two plates at 37°C in 2,5 ml of 2YT-ampicilina 100 ⁇ g/ml medium for 18 hours under stirring of 200 rpm.
- the cDNAs were purified using preferably the mini-prep - Concert Rapid Plasmid (Life Technologies) kit eluded with 50 ⁇ l ofTE at 65°C.
- Plasmids (4 ⁇ l) were digested at 37°C for 2 hours in presence of 1 ⁇ l of specific reaction buffer, 4 ⁇ l of water, 0,5 ⁇ l of EcoRI (lOU/ ⁇ l) enzyme.
- the 0,5 ⁇ l of EcoRI (lOU/ ⁇ l) enzyme was digested at 37°C for 2 hours in presence of 1 ⁇ l of specific reaction buffer, 4 ⁇ l of water, 0,5 ⁇ l of EcoRI (lOU/ ⁇ l) enzyme.
- the PCR "Polymerase Chain Reaction" reactions prepared for a final volume of 50 ⁇ l contained 1 ⁇ l of dNTPs 10 mM, 5 ⁇ l of Buffer for Taq DNA Polymerize 1Ox 5 1,5 ⁇ l of MgSO4 50 mM, 0,5 ⁇ l of TaqONA polymerize 2,5 U.
- 4 ⁇ l of the plasmidial DNA amplified 4 ⁇ l of the oligonucleotide Pl 10 pM and 2 ⁇ l of the oligonucleotide SP6 10 pM were used.
- the reaction was incubated in a thermocycler in which a program of initial denaturation at 94°C for 3 min, 30 cycles of denaturation (94°C for 45 seconds), annealing (50 0 C for 25 seconds), extension (72°C for 4 min) and a final extension at 72 0 C for 15 min was conducted. After that, the samples were applied in agarose gel 1%. After 2 h of eletrophoretic migration in 80 V, the bands correspondent to the expected amplification products were cut out of the gel and the DNA was extracted and eluded in 30 ⁇ l OfH 2 O for binding to a second clonage vector, preferably the "pGEM-T Easy Vector Systems" (Promega).
- a second clonage vector preferably the "pGEM-T Easy Vector Systems" (Promega).
- the bindings were conducted for a final volume of 10 ⁇ l containing 6 ⁇ l of the PCR product (1700 pb), 1 ⁇ l of pGEM-T vector, 2 ⁇ l of buffer T4 DNA ligase 5x and 1 ⁇ l of T4 DNA Ligase lU/ ⁇ l at 16°C for 18 hours.
- E. coli DH5 ⁇ were incubated with 5 ⁇ l of binding reaction vector- insert and plated. Out of the formed colonies, 20 were collected for pre-inoculum and "mini- prep", exactly according to the protocol described for the transformation of DH5 ⁇ competent E. coli. Selection of recombinant plasmids in agarose gel
- the same plasmidial DNAs (5 ⁇ l) were incubated in same conditions with 1 ⁇ l of specific reaction buffer 1 ⁇ l of Ec ⁇ K I (10 U/ ⁇ l) and 12 ⁇ l of water.
- the digestion products were analyzed in agarose gel 1%.
- the library clones and the DNAs subcloned in "easy" pGEM-T were sequenced.
- the method of chain termination by dideoxynucleotide was conducted adapting it for the automatic sequencer.
- 400 ng of plasmidial DNA were prepared through the purification by mini-preps that were used as mold in the sequencing reaction.
- the described oligonucleotides, T7 and SP6 were used in the reactions.
- the amplification products were separated in DNA sequencing gel of 36 cm of length (4,25% acrylamide:bis-acrylarnide in proportion of 19:1, in IX TBE and 7 M Urea).
- the detecting system of this device is composed of a laser source and a fluorescence detector placed at the lower part of the sequencing gel.
- Each dNTP emits a specific fluorescence captured by the detector and it sends the information to a computer that automatically registers the nucleotide position in the electropherogram.
- the running was conducted for 7 hours.
- AU the sequenced DNAs were compared with the "GenBank" sequences through the sites www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, based on the algorithm for BLASTx and BLASTn programs or, www.ebi.ac.uk/ for FASTA program.
- the positive clones in which the sequenced inserts confirmed the Amblyomin-X sequence were incubated in 7 ml of LB/ampicillin at 37°C for 18 hours, and were then submitted to mini-preps and eluted with 50 ⁇ l of water.
- the purified DNAs were digested at 37 0 C for 5 h in a solution containing
- the plasmid was re-suspended in 10 ⁇ l of H 2 O and 3,5 ⁇ l of it was incubated at 16°C for 18 h with 3,5 ⁇ l of the pAE expression vector (figure 4), 2 ⁇ l of buffer 5x for DNA ligase and 1 ⁇ l of DNA ligase.
- the clones subcloned in pAE vector were also sequenced. Induction of the Amblyomin-X expression
- the BL21 (DE3) strain of the E. coli bacteria was preferably used for the expression of this protein since it is a strain presenting fast growing, easy culture and maintenance and high quantity of recombinant protein.
- This strain of E. coli is lysogenic and does not have post- translation modification systems.
- Cultures of E. coli transformed with the expression vector were inoculated in 100 ml of LB/ampicillin (100 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l)medium and incubated at 37°C until obtaining a DO 60 O nm of 0,5. Aliquots of 25 ml were incubated in 4 different bottles with 500 ml of LB/ampicillin (100 ⁇ g/ ⁇ l) for 90 min. at 37°C. IPTG was then added for the final concentration of 1 mM and the incubation was maintained for more 4 h. The medium was then centrifuged in 12000 rpm and frozen at -70°C for 18 h.
- the cells of the 4 bottles were then re-suspended in 70 ml of lysis buffer NaH 2 PO 4 50 mM, NaCl 300 mM, imidazol 10 mM and submitted to a French press in 2000 GAGE for three times and centrifuged in 5000 rpm for 15 min. at 4°C.
- the supernatant that had the soluble expressed protein was centrifuged in 15000 rpm for 30 min for clarification and applied in affinity column of Ni-sepharose previously balanced with lysis buffer.
- the column was washed with buffer imidazol 80 mM, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol 5 mM, NaCl 500 mM, Tris HCl 50 mM pH 6,8 and the washing volume was collected.
- the protein was eluded using Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 8.0, imidazol IM, NaCl 100 mM with flow of ImI/ 5 min.
- the column was washed with 180 ml of buffer Tris-HCl 50 mM, NaCl 500 mM, Imidazol 20 mM pH 6,8 and eluded with Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 8.0, imidazol IM, NaCl 100 mM with flow of ImI/ 5 min.
- the recombinant protein obtained was tested concerning its inhibitory capacity on Factor Xa, coagulation tests and control of tumoral cells.
- the deposit of the sequence was included in data banks with access restriction up to April 2005 BANKIT 608848.
- the biochemical assays for determining the inhibition of FXa were conducted in presence of phospholipids.
- the phospholipid membranes were prepared as described by Barenholz et al., 1977.
- the FXa inhibition in presence of the phospholipid membrane was determined by the measure of the residual enzymatic activity on the amino-methyl- coumarin substrate with the hydrolysis site for FXa, or commercial chromogenic substrate.
- the hydrolysis reactions conducted at 37°C in buffer Tris/HCl 50 mM, pH 7.5 - 8,0 were monitored by the fluorescence in 380 nm (excitation) and 460 nm (emission) wave lengths by a spectrofluorimeter or spectrophotometer in 405 nm wave length in case of chromogenic substrates.
- the recombinant protein of this invention when used in 5 - 10 uM doses, inhibits the amidolytic activity of human Factor X activated, in purified conditions, in presence of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine and in the plasma.
- the protein induces apoptosis (programmed cellular death) in tumoral lineage cells (B 16F10, SKMEL28) with cellular cycle stop in G2/M.
- the protein does not induce apoptotic effects in normal cells (HUVECs, leukocytes polymorphonuclear, human fibroblasts, platelets and macrophages) .
- the Amblyomin-X is able to cause complete remission of the tumoral mass and volume and impede significantly the formation of metastases.
- the microscopic analysis of the parenchyma of internal organs as liver, spleen and lungs did not present significant cytological alterations even after 42 treatment doses.
- Hematological analysis of the animals with tumor submitted to the treatment showed that the recombinant protein improves significantly the hematological condition, maintaining the hematocrit, hemoglobin and cellularity within normality levels when compared to the non-treated ones with severe anemia.
- a composting is obtained containing a sequence from the cDNA of the Amblyomma cajennense gland.
- This compost is composed of a polypeptide or protein which sequence was determined from the cDNA that codifies from base 1 to base 505.
- the recombinant protein obtained from the compost was named Amblyomin-X. It is a protein of two domains, of Kunitz- and MAP Kinase- types, and it is useful in tumor treatments as well as for developing vaccines from cDNA. It does also present biologic activity for Factor Xa, X, and VII proteins and also in the Factor VIIa/TF complex, showing to be a potential candidate for the modulation of anticoagulant function.
- the administration of the peptide, polypeptide or protein improves conditions of patients with diseases related to cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications; decreases metastases of malign tumors; decreases malign tumors growing and dissemination; inhibits metastases of malign tumors; anti-coagulant performance in pre and post surgery conditions it can be used for preventing thromboembolism in conditions that generate apoptotic bodies (molecules rich in phospholipids), in degenerative diseases and malign tumors it can be used for improving the immune response. It can be used as a co-treatment in chemotherapy treatment of malign tumors; as a co-treatment in radiotherapy treatment of malign tumors; as a co-treatment in chemotherapy treatment of malign tumors with thromboembolic complications.
- the present disclosure provides for polypeptides that contain a Kunitz-type domain and/or a MAP kinase-type domain.
- the polypeptides can have an anti-coagulation effect, e.g., by inhibiting FXa-mediated coagulation.
- the polypeptides can also have, for example, anti-cancer, pro-apoptotic, anti -metastatic, anti-angiogenic, and/or pro- phagocytic effects.
- polypeptides include polypeptides that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:3.
- a particularly preferred polypeptide contains, consists essentially of, or consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- polypeptides that include an amino acid sequence at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% identical or completely identical to a polypeptide containing, consisting essentially of, or consisting of SEQ ID NO:2, and polypeptides encoded by a nucleic acid that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to a nucleic acid that encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:2.
- polypeptides that include an amino acid sequence at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% identical or completely identical to a polypeptide containing, consisting essentially of, or consisting of SEQ ID NO:3 and, polypeptides encoded by a nucleic acid that hybridizes under high stringency conditions to a nucleic acid that encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:3.
- sequence identity is calculated as follows.
- the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment and non- homologous sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes).
- the optimal alignment is determined as the best score using the GAP program in the GCG software package with a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extend penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
- the amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared.
- amino acid or nucleic acid “identity” is equivalent to amino acid or nucleic acid "homology”).
- the percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences. Alignments of related proteins described herein are instructive for identifying amino acid positions that tolerate modification, e.g., insertion, deletion, and substitution, e.g., conservative or non- conservative substitution.
- hybridizes under high stringency conditions describes conditions for hybridization and washing.
- Guidance for performing hybridization reactions can be found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N. Y. (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6, which is incorporated by reference. Aqueous and nonaqueous methods are described in that reference and either can be used.
- High stringency hybridization conditions include hybridization in 6X SSC at about 45°C, followed by one or more washes in 0.2X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65°C, or substantially similar conditions.
- polypeptides that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- polypeptides that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by at least one, but not more than two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- polypeptides contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five conservative amino acid substitutions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- polypeptides that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- polypeptides that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 by at least one, but not more than two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- polypeptides contain, consist essentially of, or consist of an amino acid sequence that differs from the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, or twenty-five conservative amino acid substitutions. They can be at any position, e.g., internal or terminal (e.g., at the N or C terminus).
- conservative amino acid substitution describes the substitution of one amino acid for another with similar characteristics, e.g.
- valine glycine
- glycine alanine
- valine isoleucine, leucine
- aspartic acid glutamic acid
- asparagine glutamine
- serine threonine
- lysine arginine
- phenylalanine tyrosine
- Alanine replace with: D-AIa, GIy, Beta-Ala, L- Cys, D-Cys;
- Arginine replace with: D-Arg, Lys, D-Lys, homo- Arg, D-homo-Arg, Met, He, D-Met, D-IIe, Orn, D- Orn;
- Asparagine replace with: D-Asn, Asp, D- Asp, GIu, D-GIu, GIn, D-GIn;
- Aspartic Acid replace with: D-Asp, D-Asn, Asn, GIu, D-GIu, GIn, D-GIn;
- Cysteine replace with: D-Cys, S-Me-Cys, Met, D- Met, Thr, D-Thr;
- Glutamine replace with: D-GIn, Asn, D-Asn, GIu, D-GIu, Asp, D-Asp;
- Glutamic Acid replace with: D-GIu, D-Asp, Asp, Asn, D-Asn, GIn, D-GIn;
- Glycine replace with: Ala, D-AIa, Pro, D-Pro, - Ala, Acp;
- Isoleucine replace with: D-IIe, VaI, D-VaI, Leu, D- Leu, Met, D-Met;
- Leucine replace with: D-Leu, VaI, D-VaI, Leu, D-Leu, Met, D-Met;
- Lysine replace with: D-Lys, Arg, D-Arg, Homo-arg, D-homo-Arg, Met, D- Met, He, D-IIe, Orn, D-Orn; Methionine: replace with: D-Met, S-Me-Cys, He, D- He, Leu, D-Leu, VaI,
- Phenylalanine replace with: D-Phe, Tyr, D-Thr, L- Dopa, His, D-His, Trp, D- Trp, Trans-3, 4 or 5- phenylproline, cis-3, 4, or 5-phenylproline;
- Proline replace with: D-Pro, L-I-thoazolidine-4- carboxylic acid, D-or L-I- oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid;
- Serine replace with: D-Ser, Thr, D-Thr, allo- Thr, Met, D-Met, Met(O), D- Met(O), L-Cys, D-Cys;
- Threonine replace with: D-Thr, Ser, D-Ser, allo- Thr, Met, D-Met, Met(O), D-Met(O), VaI, D-VaI;
- Tyrosine replace with: D-Tyr, Phe, D-Phe, L- Dopa, His, D-His;
- Valine replace with: D-VaI, Leu, D-Leu, He, D- lie, Met, D-Met.
- the suitability of a variant (e.g., that carries one or more of amino acid substitutions, additions, or deletions) of a polypeptide sequence provided herein for use in a method described herein can be tested using a technique described herein.
- a candidate polypeptide e.g., a peptide that differs from the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:3 by an amino acid deletion, substitution, or addition
- the suitability of the candidate polypeptide can be measured, e.g., in an assay measuring coagulation time, e.g., in the presence of phospholipids.
- the effects of the candidate polypeptide can be compared with one or more standards.
- a suitable standard would be a polypeptide described herein, e.g., a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the effects of the candidate polypeptide and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:3, wherein both polypeptides are used at the same concentration, are compared.
- Suitability can be shown by the candidate causing a better or as good of an effect as the standard.
- suitability can be shown by the candidate causing an effect that is stronger than the effect caused by the standard.
- amino acids of SEQ ID NO:2 and SEQ ID NO:3, or another polypeptide described herein can be D- or L- amino acids.
- the amino acids can be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring (e.g., synthetic) analogs.
- the amino acids can be modified.
- Modifications include: acetylation (e.g., at the N-terminus of the peptide); alkylation (e.g., methylation); biotinylation, acylation; biotinylation; glutamylation; glycosylation (e.g., N- or O- glycosylation); isoprenylation (e.g., addition of farnesol and geranylgeraniol); lipoylation; phosphopantetheinylation; phosphorylation; sulfation; selenation; amidation (e.g., C-terminal amidation); ubiquitination; citrullination/deimination; deamidation;; proteolytic cleavage; formylation; myristoylation; pyroglutamate addition; carbamylation; glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) addition; O- methylation; glypiation; sumoylation; acylation; hydroxylation;
- the N- and/or C- terminus of the polypeptide can be modified to increase stability, e.g., to decrease degradation, e.g., proteolytic degradation.
- the polypeptide can be fused to a peptide, e.g., a peptide which alters half- life, e.g., a portion of serum albumin or a portion of an Ig molecule, e.g., the IgG constant region.
- the polypeptide is associated with, e.g., covalently bound to, a non-peptide polymer, e.g., PEG, or other polymer which affects half-life.
- the polypeptide can be modified (e.g., the fragment can have N or C terminal modifications) to alter its properties, e.g., to make it more resistant to degradation.
- the polypeptides can be modified to contain an epitope tag (e.g., a His (e.g., 6x His or poly-His), Myc, HA, GST, MBP, VSV, Thioredoxin, Beta-Gal, FLAG, or GFP tag, etc.) for example, to aid in the identification or purification of the polypeptide.
- an epitope tag e.g., a His (e.g., 6x His or poly-His), Myc, HA, GST, MBP, VSV, Thioredoxin, Beta-Gal, FLAG, or GFP tag, etc.
- a tag can be present, for example, on the N- or C- terminus of the polypeptide.
- a cleavage site e.g., a recognition site for enterokinase, thrombin, TEV protease, PRESCISSIONTM protease, intein 1 or intein 2, or a signal peptidase, etc.
- a recognition site for enterokinase, thrombin, TEV protease, PRESCISSIONTM protease, intein 1 or intein 2, or a signal peptidase, etc. can optionally be situated between the tag and polypeptide sequence so that the tag can be cleaved from the polypeptide.
- Such techniques are known in the art. See also Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, NY.
- the disclosure also includes a fragment of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 3 capable of binding to Factor Xa.
- the fragment is capable of inhibiting Factor Xa, e.g., the fragment is capable of inhibiting with at least 10, 30, 50, 70, or 90% of the specific activity of the full-length polypeptide.
- the fragment is at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 amino acids in length.
- the fragment can be fused to another peptide, e.g., a peptide which alters half-life, e.g., a portion of serum albumin or a portion of an Ig molecule, e.g., the IgG constant region.
- the fragment is associated with, e.g., covalently bound to, a non- peptide polymer, e.g., PEG, or other polymer which affects half-life.
- the fragment differs from the corresponding portion of SEQ ID NO:3 by 1, 2, 5, 10, or 15 or fewer amino acid residues.
- the fragment can be modified (e.g., the fragment can have N or C terminal modifications) to alter its properties, e.g., to make it more resistant to degradation.
- the fragment can, for example, have homology to (e.g., at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% identity) or contain all or a portion of amino acids 1-61 of SEQ ID NO:3.
- the disclosure also includes a fragment of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:3 having at least one biological activity of a MAP kinase.
- the fragment is at least 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 amino acids in length.
- the fragment can be fused to another peptide, e.g., a peptide which alters half-life, e.g., a portion of serum albumin or a portion of an Ig molecule, e.g., the IgG constant region.
- the fragment is associated with, e.g., covalently bound to, a non-peptide polymer, e.g., PEG, or other polymer which affects half-life.
- the fragment differs from the corresponding portion of SEQ ID NO:3 by 1, 2, 5, 10, or 15 or fewer amino acid residues.
- the fragment can be modified (e.g., the fragment can have N or C terminal modifications) to alter its properties, e.g., to make it more resistant to degradation.
- the fragment can, for example, have homology to (e.g., at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% identity) or contain all or a portion of amino acids 62-108 of SEQ ID NO:3.
- nucleic acids that encode polypeptides that contain a Kunitz-type domain and/or a MAP kinase-type domain.
- exemplary nucleic acids include nucleic acids that contain, consist essentially of, or consist of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1.
- nucleic acids including nucleic acids that are at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 82%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99% identical or completely identical to a nucleic acid containing, consisting essentially of, or consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, and nucleic acids that hybridize under high stringency conditions to the complement of SEQ ID NO:1.
- nucleic acids can encode a polypeptide (e.g., a polypeptide described herein) that has an activity described herein, e.g., an anti-coagulation (e.g., by inhibiting FXa-mediated coagulation), anti-cancer, pro- apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, and/or pro-phagocytic effect.
- sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in one or both of a first and a second amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment and non- homologous sequences can be disregarded for comparison purposes).
- the optimal alignment is determined as the best score using the GAP program in the GCG software package with a Blossum 62 scoring matrix with a gap penalty of 12, a gap extend penalty of 4, and a frameshift gap penalty of 5.
- the amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared.
- amino acid or nucleic acid “identity” is equivalent to amino acid or nucleic acid "homology”).
- the percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences. Alignments of related proteins described herein are instructive for identifying amino acid positions that tolerate modification, e.g., insertion, deletion, and substitution, e.g., conservative or non- conservative substitution.
- hybridizes under high stringency conditions describes conditions for hybridization and washing.
- Guidance for performing hybridization reactions can be found in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6, which is incorporated by reference. Aqueous and nonaqueous methods are described in that reference and either can be used.
- High stringency hybridization conditions include hybridization in 6X SSC at about 45°C, followed by one or more washes in 0.2X SSC, 0.1% SDS at 65 0 C, or substantially similar conditions.
- RNA was diluted in 500 ul of 1OmM Tris buffer in presence of ImM EDTA and submitted to the oligo (dT) cellulose affinity column. 17,28 ug of mRNA was obtained.
- the ratio A 260 Z 280 for the mRNA was
- the purified cDNA was subcloned in vector and transformed into DH5 ⁇ competent bacteria.
- the product was plated and from this procedure 20 aleatory selected clones were isolated and submitted to the extraction process by phenol-chloroform for the evaluation of insert presence.
- the interest protein was found as inclusion corpuscle that after the urea and ⁇ -mercaptoethanol solubilization was purified in Ni- affinity column as SDS-PAGE demonstrate in figure 8.
- Ixolaris a recombinant protein that was cloned from the salivary glands of the Ixodes scapularis tick.
- the human TFPI presents 3 domains, Dl that is composed of residues 53 through 103, D2 composed of residues 124 through 174 and finally the D3 domain composed of residues 222 through 273. Therefore, the Amblyomin- X primary structure (with only 2 domains) was compared to each one of the domains of the human TFPI-I molecule.
- the recombinant inhibitor is able to prolong the coagulation time, either the time of thromboplastin partial activated (TTPA) and the time of prothrombin (TP) .
- FIG. 11a shows the TTPA prolonging was from 43,4 seconds (control) to 137,5 seconds in presence of 50 ug of the recombinant inhibitor, what reflects an inhibition of 60%.
- Figure l ib shows the prolonging of TP from 14,3 seconds in absence of the inhibitor to 89,3 seconds in presence of 50 ug of the recombinant inhibitor reflecting a theoretical inhibition of approximately 85%.
- the tumoral cells of Bl 6F10 melanoma treated with different concentrations of Amblyomin-X were cultivated in plates of 96 wells.
- the cytotoxic alterations and adhesion loss were firstly observed cytologically, and images were achieved by the Capture System.
- Amblyomin-X presents cytotoxic effect of time and dose dependent manner.
- the cultures of Bl 6F10 cells treated with 0,5uM of Amblyomin-X after 6 hours showed small and discrete cytoplasmatic alterations as vacuolization and contractions of intercellular prolonging without presenting detachment of the tumoral cells. Significant cellular adhesion loss was not observed. Data can be seen in figurel3.
- AMBLYOMIN-X After 24 hours of Bl 6F10 cells culture in presence of different concentrations of AMBLYOMIN - X (0,3 uM to 0,1 nM) in culture plates of 96 wells, a loss of 55% of the adhesion to the substrate of the cells was observed and it showed to be dose dependent (figure 16).
- 2,5xl0O 5 Bl 6F10 tumoral cells were injected in mice by subcutaneous route and after the 12 th day, lmg/kg of Amblyomin-X was injected in animals with dorsal tumor by subcutaneous administration until the 14' day.
- the same volume of saline solution was administered by the same route in animals of the control group after the 12 day of inoculation of the tumoral cells.
- the animals were daily observed and the diameter of the tumor determined through a pachymeter.
- the dorsal tumors were smaller concerning pigmented and average volumes.
- tumors of the control group were extremely large, nodular, ulcerated, with extensive necrosis area.
- AFTER TREATING WITH AMBLYOMIN-X C57BL/6J mice groups received 5xlO 4 tumoral cells, by endovenous route, and after the 12 th day of the injection they were submitted to treatment with 0,5mg/Kg of
- Amblyomin-X This treatment was daily administered by intraperitoneal route during 14 days and the animals were daily observed. After necropsy, the animals treated with Amblyomin-X, presented a highly significant reduction in tumoral nodules number present in the pulmonary parenchyma compared to that of the control group (figure 21).
- the histopathologic aspects of dorsal tumors of the control group that received saline solution during the therapeutic protocol showed high cellularity tumoral mass similar to the sincicial mass with extended area irrigated by average and small vessels as well as capillary vessels. Around the tumoral mass a discrete inflammatory infiltration of monomorphonuclear leukocytes was observed.
- Tumors of groups treated with Amblyomin-X (lmg/Kg) taken after the 14 th day of treatment showed tumoral mass with low proliferative activity, low amount of sustentation fibril elements (few connective tissue /stroma) without occurring peritumoral inflammatory infiltration.
- the pulmonary metastatic lesions of this group showed to be of small tumors with low cellularity, in the pulmonary parenchyma, presenting alveoli thickness and deposition and brownish pigment of melanin type. Bronchial intraseptal inflammatory infiltration was not observed in these lesions.
- the dorsal tumors obtained from the animals treated with AMBLYOMIN-X during 42 days showed that the tumoral cells are organized like in islands permeated by extensive necrosis areas (figure 25B), differently than the control ( Figure 25 A) .
- By the haematoxylin/Eosin stain technique neo-formed blood vessels were not detected.
- the other internal organs analyzed, as: kidneys, liver, spleen and heart did not present histologic alterations. Functional loss or direct toxicity effects in these organs caused by the prolonged treatment with Amblyomin-X were not observed.
- TTPA thromboplastin partial activated
- TP prothrombin
- the essay control was conducted in absence of the Amblyomin-X and consisted of one incubation during 3 min at 37 0 C of 100 ul of healthy human plasma, 100 ul of cefaline and 100 ul of tris HCl 0.1 M pH 8,0 buffer, followed by the medium re- calcifying by the addition of 100 ul Of CaCl 2 0,025 M.
- the time of the clot formation was measured by a semi- automated coagulometer. In case of inhibition experiments instead of buffer, 100 ul of Amblyomin-X solution prepared in tris HCl 0.1 M pH 8,0 buffer was used. For the other coagulation test, TP, the same equipment was used. TP verifies the coagulation extrinsic route, that is, it monitors factors II, V, VII and X.
- the control of the essay was conducted incubating for 2 min at 37°C, 100 ul of plasma with 100 ul of tris-HCl 0.1 M pH 8,0 buffer and for adding afterwards 100 ul of the reagent.
- the clot formation time was verified just like the test mentioned before.
- 100 ul of Amblyomin-X solution prepared in tris HCl 0.1 M pH 8,0 buffer was incubated for evaluating inhibition.
- the tumoral lineages: HL-60, K562, U937, YAC-I 5 JURKAT, Mel-85, Mewo, MCF-7, SW613-12A1, SW613-B3, the SW613-12A1 and SW613 colon cancer lineages and the Bl 6F10 murine melanoma lineage were cultivated in culture bottles of 75cm3 in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% of bovine fetal serum, 2 mM L- glutamin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and streptomycin 0,1 mg/ml and ampicillin 0,1 mg/ml antibiotics. Before reaching confluence (adherent cells) , the cells were cultivated for amplifying and maintenance lineages, frozen in RPMI-1640 culture medium containing 10% dimethyl- sulphoxide and maintained in liquid nitrogen.
- the suspensions of adherent cells (B16F10, SW613-12A1, SW613-B3 and MCF-7) for all the experimental procedures were obtained by the treatment of the culture bottles with trypsin 0,2% for 5 minutes and inactivation with 10% bovine fetal serum.
- the detached cells were centrifuged twice, re- suspended in RPMI-1640 supplemented medium.
- the cells counting was conducted in Malassez chamber and the cellular concentration was adjusted in 5xlO 5 cells/ml in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% of bovine fetal serum and 7ug of Polymixine-B.
- the 2xlO 5 concentration cells were cultivated in plates of 96 wells, maintained for 24 hours in CO2 sterilizer at 37°C. After this period the plates were centrifuged for 5 minutes in 2000 rpm at 4 0 C, the supernatant was excluded and different concentrations of Amblyomin-X were added from 0,3 uM to 0,3 nM, diluted in RPMI- 1640 culture medium, supplemented and added with 7ug of Polymixine -B. After 6, 12 and 24 hours the cytological alterations were observed and photo-documented in image capturing system.
- the flow cytometry applied in the study of cellular cycle registers the kinetic parameters of the cells showing the DNA index, the ploidia, the cellular proliferation fraction and the percentage of cells found in phases S and G2/M, indicating uni or multivariable parameters for prognosis and possible therapeutic procedures.
- the analysis of the percentage of cells provides the percentage of cells that are synthesizing DNA ("labeling index"), duration of phase S (Ts) and the time of potential duplication (Tpot).
- the adherent cellular suspensions (B16F10) used for the implantation in the dorsal flank of the animals were obtained after treating the culture bottles with trypsin 0,2% for 5 minutes and inactivating with bovine fetal serum 10%.
- the detached cells were centrifuged (2.000 rpm) twice and re-suspended in RPMI- 1640 medium supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum inactivated at 56 0 C for 1 h, 2 mM L- glutamin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and streptomycin 0,1 mg/ml and ampicillin 0,1 mg/ml antibiotics.
- the cells counting was conducted in Malassez chamber and cellular concentration adjusted for 5xlO 4 cells/ml.
- mice maintained in the laboratory animal care facilities, belonging to the C57BL/6J lineage were used. The animals were kept with light/dark 12- hour cycles, at constant temperature of 2O 0 C, filtrated and sterilized water and food "ad libitum".
- 2,5xlO 4 tumoral cells of Bl 6F10 murine melanoma were injected in the dorsa of mice (groups of 10 animals) by subcutaneous route.
- groups of C57BL/6J mice received 5xlO 4 Bl 6F10 tumoral cells by endo venous route through the ocular retro-orbital venous plexus. After the 12 th day of the inoculation this group of animals was treated with 0,5mg/Kg of Amblyomin-X, administered by intraperitoneal route, and observed until the 14 th day of the treatment.
- the animals received saline solution by the same route of the treatment and after the 14 th day of treatment.
- the animals were anesthetized and killed by cervical dislocation.
- Necropsy was conducted and the dorsal tumors were analyzed, the macroscopic internal lesions identified, measured and photo-documented.
- Samples of the tumors of the different groups of treatment and of the control group, non-treated, were processed for analyzing the contents of DNA, cellular cycle and anatomopathologic.
- EXAMPLE 37 OBSERVING TUMORAL GROWING After the injection of Bl 6F10 cells, tumoral growing was measured with a pachymeter and photo-documented daily.
- the method is based on the reduction of MTT into formazan by alive cells.
- the determination of the sensibility to different doses of Amblyomin-X was optimized according to the standards set by the National Cancer Institute, USA (NCI).
- the Amblyomin-X cytotoxic activity was determined in suspensions of the cellular lineages and of the tumoral cells ("ex-vivo"), detached by surgery and in sterile conditions incubated in plates of 96 wells. To these cells 10 ⁇ l of MTT (5mg/ml) was added and then they were incubated for 3 hours in sterilizer containing 5% of CO 2 at 37°C. After this period, the medium was removed and 100 ⁇ l of sulphoxide dimethyl was added for the dissolution of formazan crystals that were formed and presented as precipitated. Absorbency was monitored in 540 nm. EXAMPLE 39
- mice with Bl 6F10 melanoma and control group that received saline solution
- Amblyomin-X the animals were anesthetized and killed by cervical dislocation.
- the abdominal cavity of treated and control animals was exposed and 2 ml of saline solution containing 5000 U cool heparin was injected.
- the cavity was massaged and right after the peritoneal washed was collected, centrifuged in 2000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C.
- the cellular suspension was re-suspended in RPMI- 1640 culture medium supplemented with bovine fetal serum 10% and the number of cells adjusted for 10 6 /ml in Mallassez haemocytometric chamber.
- the plates were maintained in humidified sterilizer at 37°C and 5% of CO 2 and examined in inverted microscope 3 times a week.
- the culture medium was exchanged in the same time interval.
- the cells were exposed to trypsin (Trypsin 0,2%) for 5 minutes and the inactivation was conducted with bovine fetal serum 10, the cells were centrifuged for 10 minutes in 2000 rpm at 4°C and plated in bottles of 25 cm 2 .
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CA002680759A CA2680759A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2008-03-14 | Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor |
AU2008226358A AU2008226358A1 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor |
EP08733487A EP2134843A4 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2008-03-14 | Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor |
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US11/724,557 US8440795B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2007-03-14 | Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor |
US11/724,557 | 2007-03-14 |
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EP (1) | EP2134843A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008226358A1 (en) |
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WO2020102874A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Instituto Butantan | Compound, use, pharmaceutical composition, method of diagnosis, method of treatment, and method of transportation and/or internalization of a compound into eukaryotic cells |
WO2020102875A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Instituto Butantan | Compound for modulating rlr, tlr, oas and/or oncostatin m pathways, use thereof for preparing a medicine, composition, method for modulating said pathways and method of treatment |
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WO2006029492A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-23 | União Química Farmacêutica Nacional S/A | Kunitz-type recombinant inhibitor. |
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2008
- 2008-03-14 WO PCT/BR2008/000078 patent/WO2008109976A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-14 EP EP08733487A patent/EP2134843A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-14 AU AU2008226358A patent/AU2008226358A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020102874A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Instituto Butantan | Compound, use, pharmaceutical composition, method of diagnosis, method of treatment, and method of transportation and/or internalization of a compound into eukaryotic cells |
WO2020102875A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Instituto Butantan | Compound for modulating rlr, tlr, oas and/or oncostatin m pathways, use thereof for preparing a medicine, composition, method for modulating said pathways and method of treatment |
EP3939995A4 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2022-11-30 | Instituto Butantan | Compound for modulating rlr, tlr, oas and/or oncostatin m pathways, use thereof for preparing a medicine, composition, method for modulating said pathways and method of treatment |
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CO6390073A2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
AU2008226358A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
EP2134843A4 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
EP2134843A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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