WO2008102377A2 - Dispositif pour propager des signaux monopulsés à modes multiples depuis des antennes pour traquer des satellites - Google Patents

Dispositif pour propager des signaux monopulsés à modes multiples depuis des antennes pour traquer des satellites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008102377A2
WO2008102377A2 PCT/IN2008/000105 IN2008000105W WO2008102377A2 WO 2008102377 A2 WO2008102377 A2 WO 2008102377A2 IN 2008000105 W IN2008000105 W IN 2008000105W WO 2008102377 A2 WO2008102377 A2 WO 2008102377A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide
signals
slots
pairs
reflector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2008/000105
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008102377A3 (fr
Inventor
S. B. Sharma
Anil Kumar Pandey
S B. Chakrabarty
Original Assignee
Indian Space Research Organization
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Indian Space Research Organization filed Critical Indian Space Research Organization
Publication of WO2008102377A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008102377A2/fr
Publication of WO2008102377A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008102377A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G01S3/32—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference
    • G01S3/325—Automatic tracking systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for feeding multimode monopulse signals from antennas for tracking satellites.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a compact device of relatively simple design and low cost construction, suitable for tracking satellites which transmit linear beacon signals for performing inter-satellite links as well as communicating with antennas at ground earth stations to track targets.
  • the invented device can be used also for satellite communications in the Ka band at high conversion efficiency and mode purity.
  • US 3, 758, 880 discloses a mode coupler for evaluating higher waveguide wave modes resulting from aperture deviation of an antenna exciter (horn) for determining angular deviation in the azimuth plane as well as in the elevation plane.
  • the device used for separating the waves of dominant mode containing the ranging signal from the waves of higher modes, excited by the dominant mode, containing the deviation signals comprises a first wave guide section coupled to an antenna for propagating waves of all modes, and a second waveguide section of smaller cross-section than the first waveguide section, for propagating only the waves of dominant mode, which is introduced into the first waveguide section at the outlet end thereof, the gap between the periphery of the first and second waveguide sections being divided into a plurality of apertures for propagation of only the waves of higher modes therethrough.
  • US 4,048,592 describes a device for tracking satellites or missiles by extracting waves of higher modes propagating through a corrugated-walled waveguide connected at one end to a corrugated-walled horn antenna and at the other end to a utilisation device.
  • Two pairs of elongated collector waveguides are disposed on the surface of the corrugated- walled waveguide along the axial direction thereof lying in mutually orthogonal planes, the two collector waveguides of each pair being in diametrically opposite positions, and coupled to a plurality of slots formed in the wall of the corrugated-walled waveguide.
  • the method of extracting waves of higher modes in the device is not applicable for smooth-walled waveguides and the device is not usable with a reflector antenna.
  • US 4, 706, 093 discloses a monopulse tracking system in which at least two channels, each having a different noise function associated therewith, are used in conjunction with an antenna, one of the two channels being utilised to develop a SUM signal and the other channel is utilised to develop a DIFFERENCE signals.
  • the SUM and DIFFERENCE signals are processed in a phase detector to generate error signals.
  • EP 0 408 263 A2 describes a method of processing two-channel monopulse signals comprising: (a) forming composite signals S + (p +jy) and S-(P + Jy) where S is a monopulse SUM signal, P is a pitch error signal and y is a yaw error signal; (b) alternately passing the composite signal through a two- channel amplifier; and (c) separating the components of the amplified signal for conventional monopulse processing.
  • planar-surface antennas are arranged in two lines and two rows for reducing the size and weight of an orthogonal biaxial monopulse tracking antenna which requires three-dimensional coiring.
  • One disadvantage of the existing devices for tracking satellites is that a plurality of antennas are required to be installed on a satellite for feeding different signal components into a reflector system.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a relatively compact, light weight, small-size, low-cost construction device of simple design, which is capable of feeding the multimode monopulse signals for tracking satellites using a single antenna.
  • the other object is to provide a device which is capable of separating different signal modes efficiently.
  • Another object is to provide a device for coupling an antenna to a two- way communication system, in addition to functioning as a feeder of multimode monopulse signals for tracking satellites.
  • a further object is to provide a device which is capable of ensuring a high degree of isolation between the dominant mode and the individual higher mode components of the multimode monopulse signals for tracking satellites.
  • the level of the signal is maximum if the bore axis of the antenna points directly to the source of the signal.
  • the bore axis of the antenna is not in line with the signal source, then signals of modes higher than the dominant mode are excited in the waveguide connected to the antenna.
  • the dominant mode of the signal is TEI l
  • two orthogonal higher modes TE21 and TE 21 * are excited in the waveguide, which may be used to generate the error signals for controlling the servo system used to turn the satellite till the bore axis of the antenna is brought in line with the source of signal.
  • the waves of various possible modes can exist in a waveguide.
  • the modes are of two dominant types. In one dominant mode, the electric field is transverse to the axis of the waveguide and therefore such mode is termed transverse-electric mode and denoted as TE mode. In the other dominant mode the magnetic field is transverse to the axis of the waveguide and such mode is therefore termed transverse magnetic mode and denoted as TM mode.
  • TE 11 indicates that there is one half wavelength each in the horizontal and the vertical directions each of the waveguide and TE21 indicates that there are two half wavelengths in the horizontal direction and one half-wavelength in the vertical direction of the wave guide.
  • the invented device comprises a smooth-walled cylindrical waveguide connected to a reflector antenna at one end and to a cylindrical tapered waveguide at other end.
  • Two pairs of longitudinal slots are milled on the surface of the smooth-walled cylindrical waveguide for decoupling the waves of higher modes TE 21 AND TE 21 * propagated through the waveguide together with the waves of dominant mode TE 11.
  • Two longitudinal slots of each pair are disposed in diametrically opposite positions on the waveguide at an angular displacement of 450° with each other with respect to the axis of the waveguide and at a separation in the axial direction of half the guide wavelength of the signals propagated through the waveguide.
  • the cylindrical tapered waveguide which acts as a cut-off for the propagation of waves of higher modes TE 21 and TE21 * though it, and allows the propagation of the waves of dominant mode TE 11 only, is connected at its tapered end to another cylindrical waveguide of diameter equal to that of the tapered end of the cylindrical tapered waveguide, to allow propagation through it of waves of dominant mode TE 11 only to the signal processing networks.
  • the present invention provides a device for feeding multimode monopulse signals from antennas for tracking satellites, characterised in that the device comprises: (i) a single antenna having a reflector, a sub-reflector and a horn; and (ii) a multimode monopulse signal feeder comprising a smooth- walled cylindrical waveguide which is co-axially connected at one end to antenna reflector and at other end to a cylindrical waveguide having a tapered end, connected co-axially to one end of another cylindrical waveguide of diameter equal to that of the said tapered end, two pairs of longitudinal slots being milled in the wall of the smooth- walled waveguide in the axial direction thereof in a manner such that the two slots of each pair lie in diametrically opposite positions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the invented device
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the invented device excluding the antenna
  • Figure 3 is a view of the realised hardware of the invented device without antenna and comparator network
  • Figure 4 is the measured return loss plot
  • Figure 5 is the measured radiation pattern of TE21 and TEIl modes
  • Figure 6 is the measured isolation plot between TE21, TE21 and TE modes.
  • the invented device comprises: (i) a single antenna (A) containing the reflector (R), subreflector (s) and horn(H); and (ii) a multimode monopulse signal feeder (B) containing the smooth- walled cylindrical waveguide (C) of dimensions suitable for allowing propagation of TEI l, TE21 and TE21 * wavemode signals, which is connected at one end to reflector (R) of antenna (A) and at other end to the cylindrical tapered waveguide (D) which allows propagation of only TEI l mode signals, and the cylindrical waveguide (E) of diameter equal to the diameter at tapered end of waveguide (D) and connected thereto at one end and at other end to the mark (not shown) for processing the error signals used for tracking satellites.
  • Two pairs of longitudinal slots are milled on the wall of waveguide (C) in the axial direction thereof and at an axial distance of half the guide wavelength of the signal at positions (F and G).
  • the longitudinal slots of each pair are disposed in diametrically opposite positions on the wall of waveguide (C) with an angular separation of 45° between the two pairs with respect to the axis of the waveguide (C).
  • One pair of the longitudinal slots is used for decoupling the signal of TE21 mode and the other pair is used for decoupling the signal of orthogonal TE21 mode through deformed E-plane Tee couplers (not shown) which transfer signal from circular to rectangular wave guides.
  • the higher mode signals TE21 and TE21* decoupled by the two pairs of longitudinal slots at positions marked (G and F) are fed into the comparator network (N) through two deformed E-plane Tees at positions (I, J) (shown in Fig. 2), which act as 1 :2 power combiners for conversion of the signals into azimuth and elevation plane errors.
  • the comparator network (N) is a 3 db hybrid coupler.
  • the waveguides (C, D and E) are constructed using lightweight Aluminium metal in a Computer Numerical Controlled lathe machine with dimensional tolerances of ⁇ 0.015 mm.
  • the device operates at a carrier frequency of 29.25 GHz of bandwidth + 80 MHz;
  • each longitudinal slot (i) the dimensions of each longitudinal slot are length 7.1 mm, width
  • the radiation pattern of the device is well-defined; and (Ui) the isolation between TE21 and TE21* modes is of high order.
  • the invented device has a number of advantageous features over the existing devices, such as,
  • the device provides a highly efficient means of relatively simple construction for signal mode separation by using only a single antenna for developing the tracking error signals for a monopulse tracking receiver.
  • the isolation between the two higher mode signals TE 21 and TE 21* is better than -35db with consequent reduction of cross polarization between the two higher mode signals.
  • the device can be used also for carrying our satellite communication in Ka band.
  • the device is of relatively simple design and hence of light-weight and low-cost construction requiring reduced space for installation in spacecrafts.
  • the device is usable for scanning all earth station antennas, used in satellite tracking systems and RADAR systems all over the world.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le dispositif pour propager des signaux monopulsés à modes multiples depuis des antennes afin de traquer des satellites qui comprend : (i) une simple antenne (A) comportant un réflecteur (R), un sous-réflecteur (S) et un cornet (H) ; et (II) un alimentateur (B) de signaux monopulsés à modes multiples, comprenant un guide d'ondes cylindrique à paroi lisse (C) connecté coaxialement au réflecteur d'antenne (R) à une extrémité, et à l'autre extrémité à un guide d'ondes cylindrique (D) ayant une extrémité conique et qui est connecté coaxialement à l'autre guide d'ondes cylindrique (E) de diamètre égal à celui de ladite extrémité conique pour permettre le passage des signaux du mode dominant uniquement. Deux paires d'encoches longitudinales sont ménagées sur le guide d'ondes de la paroi (C) pour découpler les signaux des modes supérieurs uniquement. Les encoches de chaque paire sont placées dans des positions diamétralement opposées et à déplacement angulaire de 45° entre les deux paires d'encoches par rapport à l'axe du guide d'ondes. La séparation axiale entre les deux paires d'encoches représente la moitié de la longueur d'ondes du guide d'ondes des signaux propagés.
PCT/IN2008/000105 2007-02-23 2008-02-22 Dispositif pour propager des signaux monopulsés à modes multiples depuis des antennes pour traquer des satellites WO2008102377A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN379/CHE/2007 2007-02-23
IN379CH2007 2007-02-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008102377A2 true WO2008102377A2 (fr) 2008-08-28
WO2008102377A3 WO2008102377A3 (fr) 2009-03-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2638600A4 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2018-01-03 Bae Systems Australia Limited Système d'antenne

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2137428A (en) * 1983-03-11 1984-10-03 Era Patents Ltd Beacon tracking system for a satellite reflector antenna
EP0136818A1 (fr) * 1983-09-06 1985-04-10 Andrew Corporation Antenne cornet à deux modes fonctionnant sur deux bandes de fréquences
US6107973A (en) * 1997-02-14 2000-08-22 Andrew Corporation Dual-reflector microwave antenna
US6323819B1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2001-11-27 Harris Corporation Dual band multimode coaxial tracking feed
US20060082513A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Harris Corporation Simultaneous multi-band ring focus reflector antenna-broadband feed

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2137428A (en) * 1983-03-11 1984-10-03 Era Patents Ltd Beacon tracking system for a satellite reflector antenna
EP0136818A1 (fr) * 1983-09-06 1985-04-10 Andrew Corporation Antenne cornet à deux modes fonctionnant sur deux bandes de fréquences
US6107973A (en) * 1997-02-14 2000-08-22 Andrew Corporation Dual-reflector microwave antenna
US6323819B1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2001-11-27 Harris Corporation Dual band multimode coaxial tracking feed
US20060082513A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Harris Corporation Simultaneous multi-band ring focus reflector antenna-broadband feed

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2638600A4 (fr) * 2010-11-08 2018-01-03 Bae Systems Australia Limited Système d'antenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008102377A3 (fr) 2009-03-12

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