WO2008100127A1 - Transformer for controlled electric voltage and method for adjusting electric voltage - Google Patents

Transformer for controlled electric voltage and method for adjusting electric voltage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008100127A1
WO2008100127A1 PCT/MX2008/000018 MX2008000018W WO2008100127A1 WO 2008100127 A1 WO2008100127 A1 WO 2008100127A1 MX 2008000018 W MX2008000018 W MX 2008000018W WO 2008100127 A1 WO2008100127 A1 WO 2008100127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
transformer
magnetic core
control
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2008/000018
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesús AVILA MONTES
Raymundo Carrasco Aguirre
Original Assignee
Prolec Ge International, S. De R. L. De C.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from MXMX/A/2007/001732A external-priority patent/MX2007001732A/en
Application filed by Prolec Ge International, S. De R. L. De C.V. filed Critical Prolec Ge International, S. De R. L. De C.V.
Publication of WO2008100127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008100127A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F29/146—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to transformers, and more particularly to an electric voltage transformer controlled by the use of magnetic distortion fields.
  • parts of the network are used that have different levels of electrical voltage that are generally mutually coupled by means of transformers, whose transformation ratio (also known as winding ratio) between the electrical voltage of the primary side and the electrical voltage of the secondary side can be regulated or is adjustable in a staggered manner within certain limits as a result of equipping, at least one of the transformer windings, with sockets that can be selected by means of a switching device.
  • transformers also known as winding ratio
  • the transformer may involve an adjustment or regulation of the transformation ratio in one or more steps under load, by means of load tap switches, or a semi-permanent adjustment of the transformation ratio in one or more steps when the transformer is in the disconnected state, by means of tap selectors.
  • the adjustment or regulation of the transformation ratio, of the transformers in the distribution network is necessary to be able to guarantee a certain or certain level of electrical voltage within the fixed limits in case of divergent load situations, both short-term and long-term in the distribution points associated with consumers of electric power.
  • the cause of the variation of the electrical voltage in the distribution networks lies in the cumulative effects of the electric voltage drops in the medium-voltage electrical network, in the low voltage electric transformer and in the low electric voltage network, in relation to which the step regulation of the electric medium voltage transformer and a system that influences the current and that cannot be precisely adjusted play a role.
  • the phases of cables subjected to unequal loads or the generation of decentralized energy give rise to differences in electrical voltage in the network.
  • a current solution to achieve an adjustment of electric voltage with precision and speed is using electronic switches in the form of transistors or thyristors.
  • Such a solution is described by Paulus GJM Asselman and others in the Mexican patent application publication MX-9800816, which refers to a method and a device for continuously adjusting, within a given adjustment interval, the ratio of transformation or number of turns between the primary winding and the secondary winding of a power transformer provided with at least one regulation winding, where a first socket is connected during a part of a voltage cycle of the transformer and a second socket is connected during another part of a cycle of the alternating voltage.
  • variable transformer that has a magnetic flow control circuit, where a primary winding and a secondary winding are rolled to a magnetic core.
  • a window or hole In one part of the magnetic core there is a window or hole, in which two control coils, connected in series, are wound around two sides of the window.
  • An induced electrical voltage is generated in the control coils, but these being connected in series cancel the induced electrical voltage. Consequently, an induced electrical voltage is not applied to a control circuit.
  • the winding structure is similar to an ordinary single-phase transformer, but with the difference that this includes a controllable magnetic flow control circuit consisting of a window with the control coils, in a magnetic core and a control circuit.
  • interwoven or crossed windings are also common, as described by André Kislovski in Spanish patent ES-2,001,118, where an inductive element of electrically adjustable construction is shown, consisting of two magnetically independent ferromagnetic cores, equal, closed in yes annularly, that they carry individually the partial windings of an induction winding and jointly a maneuver regulating coil.
  • the winding direction of the partial and induction windings is such that in one of the nuclei mutually weaken the magnetic fields generated by currents through the windings, on the contrary in the other nucleus they are reinforced.
  • Another alternative of current solution to provide a variable transformer is to use two or more magnetic cores linked with common core elements, as described by Gregory Leibovich in US Pat. No. 4,837,497, which illustrates a transformer or variable reactor based on The combination of at least two cores with a common yoke;
  • the primary winding is divided into two independent systems of phase windings wound in the opposite direction, arranged on the legs or symmetrical columns of the cores and separated by the common yoke;
  • the secondary winding with each phase winding is divided in two and they are wound in portions in opposite directions on the symmetrical legs of the base, adjacent to the portions of the primary winding and separated by the common yoke.
  • the secondary short-circuit winding of the transformer or reactor is reduced by at least one loop with the loop portions separated by the common yoke.
  • the multi-phase apparatus has at least one primary winding per system, which includes a controllable device in the circuit relation, which allows the control of a primary winding in relation to the other, in terms of the magnitude of current or phase shift of stream.
  • the controllable device that is a rectifier, TRIAC or transistor. Therefore, by having continuous control of the controllable device, an apparatus with variable output parameters is obtained.
  • variable transformer Another alternative to provide a variable transformer is to form a transformer with a magnetic core whose structure has movable or moving elements that allow a variable air space to be formed in the core, which leads to a change in the magnetic flux induced by the windings, thus allowing a control of the electrical voltage in a linear or gradual manner.
  • the control of the movement of the movable elements, for the opening and closing of the air space Variable core can be carried out with manual, semi-automatic or automatic displacement control mechanisms.
  • An example of this application is described by Steven Hahan in US Pat. No. 4,540,931, which shows a transformer that includes a system for controlling the electrical output voltage using a core with movable structure.
  • the electrical output voltage of the transformer is perceived and this is made to correspond to a predetermined standard movement of the movable structure, which then being positioned in the correct location is locked.
  • the changes in electrical voltage are free of staggering and the linear control of the electrical voltage with respect to time is achieved through the non-linear movement of the movable structure, allowing a wide range of variation of the electrical output voltage.
  • a voltage transformer electric controlled that has a magnetic core; at least one primary winding to which a main current is supplied to generate a main magnetic flux on the magnetic core; at least one secondary winding; and at least one magnetic distortion field generator to which a control current is supplied to generate a magnetic distortion field on the magnetic core, such that the control current has an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the voltage electrical output required in relation to the transformer operating load; where the magnetic distortion field is combined with, the main magnetic flux generating a distortion of the latter, achieving a change in the reluctance of the magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of the transformer.
  • the method has the steps of supplying a main current to the primary winding to generate a main magnetic flux over the magnetic core; detecting the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of the transformer; and generate at least one magnetic distortion field in the magnetic core, under the detection of the required electrical output voltage, such that the magnetic distortion field is combined with the main magnetic flux generating a distortion thereof, achieving a change in the reluctance of the magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of the transformer.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a controlled electrical voltage transformer according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a front view of a magnetic core of an electric voltage transformer controlled with the representation of the direction a main magnetic flux distorted by magnetic distortion fields according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a representation of a magnetic distortion field generated according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a method for adjusting the electrical voltage in a controlled electrical voltage transformer according to the invention.
  • a controlled voltage transformer according to the invention can be of the type of one, three or several phases and where the magnetic core can have any design, such as column or armored type.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention with reference to a three-phase controlled electric voltage transformer 10, which has a column-like magnetic core 20 provided with a central column 30 and two external columns 40 and 50, all the mentioned columns remaining arranged substantially in the same plane. The three columns have their upper ends interconnected by a superior yoke
  • the magnetic core 20 is advantageously constituted by sheets stacked which are parallel to the plane in which the three columns (30, 40 and 50) are located.
  • the material, number and thickness of the sheets that constitute the different columns (30, 40 and 50) and yokes (60 and 70), can of course be selected according to the usual criteria for the design of magnetic cores.
  • Windings 80, 90 and 100 are concentrically wrapped around each of columns 30, 40 and 50 respectively.
  • each winding 80, 90 and 100 is formed by three concentric winding layers 110, 120 and 130.
  • the innermost winding layer 110 may represent the primary winding and the other two winding layers 120 and 130 the secondary winding.
  • the magnetic core 20 has at least one magnetic distortion field generator 140 that may be formed by a first pair of holes 150 and a second pair of holes 160 that pass through the thickness of the magnetic core 20 either by a column or a yoke of The mentioned window type structure, such that both pairs of holes are generally adjacent.
  • a first control winding 170 is wound in the first pair of holes 150 and in turn a second control winding 180 is wound in the second pair of holes 160.
  • each magnetic distortion field generator 140 is located in a position relative in the magnetic core 20 in such a way as to maintain its magnetic balance to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
  • a primary current passes through the primary winding 110, which induces a main magnetic flux in the magnetic core 20.
  • the main magnetic flux is regulated by making passing an alternating or continuous control current simultaneously through each magnetic distortion field generator 140 to form magnetic distortion fields of equal intensity in the magnetic core 20, such that each magnetic distortion field is combined with the main magnetic flux.
  • each magnetic distortion field generator 140 the control current is supplied simultaneously to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180 through means to supply control current (not shown) that are electrically connected to these windings .
  • This control current is supplied when a variation of the electrical output voltage related to the operation of the controlled electrical voltage transformer 10 is detected, such that the electrical output voltage is made to correspond to a current intensity that is fed to each of the magnetic distortion generators 140 to form the magnetic distortion fields in order to obtain the desired electrical output voltage.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of a magnetic core 20 of the column type, the magnetic core 20 has a central column 30 and two external columns 40 and 50 interconnected by an upper yoke 60 and a lower yoke 70.
  • At least one magnetic distortion field generator 140 formed by a first pair of holes 150 and a second pair of holes 160 that cross the thickness of the magnetic core 20 either by a column or a yoke or in combination; in the first pair of holes 150 a first control winding 170 is wound, with one or more turns, while in the second pair of holes 160 a second control winding 180 is wound with one or more turns.
  • a main magnetic flux 190 is induced in the magnetic core 20 by the main current circulating in the primary winding (not shown).
  • the means for supplying control current simultaneously supply an alternating or continuous control current to each of the magnetic distortion field generators 140, simultaneously supplying control current to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180, so that the first control winding 170 generates a first magnetic control flow 200 in the magnetic core 20, while the second control winding 180 generates a second magnetic control flow 210 in the opposite direction to the first magnetic flux control 200; forming, both magnetic control flows 200 and 210, a magnetic distortion field 220 in the magnetic core 20 that is combined with the main magnetic flux 190.
  • the intensity of the control current supplied to the magnetic distortion field generators 140 corresponds with the detection of the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of the controlled electrical voltage transformer 10.
  • a representation of the magnetic distortion field 220 generated is shown in Figure 3.
  • Each of the magnetic distortion field 220 when combined with the main magnetic flux 190, acts in a manner analogous or equivalent to the function of a physical air space in the magnetic core 20, but with the difference that the field size of magnetic distortion 220 varies according to the intensity of the control current supplied to the magnetic distortion field generator 140, specifically to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180, so similarly it would be like having the function of an air space of variable size according to the operating needs of the controlled voltage transformer 10.
  • the magnetic distortion field generators 140 must be connected in parallel in order to generate magnetic distortion fields 220 of equal intensity and located in a relative position in the magnetic core 20 in such a way as to maintain the magnetic balance of the latter. to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
  • the presence of a magnetic distortion field 220 in a magnetic circuit causes changes in its reluctance.
  • ⁇ R is the variation of reluctance.
  • ⁇ Fmm is the variation of the magnetomotive force.
  • ⁇ is the main magnetic flux.
  • N is the number of turns of the primary winding
  • Ip 1 is the current in the primary winding after the variation of the reluctance.
  • I p0 is the current in the primary winding before the variation of the reluctance.
  • B is the density of the magnetic flux.
  • A is the area of the magnetic core column.
  • the primary winding current (J P ) will increase to keep the main magnetic flux ( ⁇ ) constant (cie).
  • FIG. 2 a block diagram of a method for adjusting the electric voltage in a controlled electric voltage transformer according to the invention is shown.
  • the method starts in step 230 when a main current is supplied to a primary winding (not shown) to induce a main magnetic flux 190 in a magnetic core 20.
  • step 240 the required electrical output voltage is detected in relation to the operating load of said transformer in order to proceed, in step 250, to generate at least one magnetic distortion field 220 in the magnetic core 20 while maintaining a magnetic equilibrium in it to ensure balanced electrical output voltages, such that each magnetic distortion field 220 is combined with the main magnetic flux 190 generating a distortion of the latter, thereby managing to control the electrical output voltage of said transformer Therefore, if the current varies in the primary winding, the current in the secondary winding (not shown) will also vary, which implies a variation in the electrical voltage of the secondary winding, which is the desired control variable.
  • the magnetic distortion field 220 can be generated by supplying, in step 260, a control current, either alternating or continuous current with an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the required output electrical voltage in relation to the load of operation of said transformer, to a first control winding 170 to generate a first magnetic control flow 200 on the magnetic core 20, where the first control winding 170 is wound in a first pair of holes 150 in the magnetic core 20.
  • a control current either alternating or continuous current with an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the required output electrical voltage in relation to the load of operation of said transformer
  • step 270 the same control current is supplied to a second control winding 180 to generate a second magnetic control flow 210 in the magnetic core 20, wherein the second control winding 180 is wound in a second pair of holes 160 in the magnetic core 20, such that the second magnetic control flow 210 has an opposite direction to the first magnetic control flow 200 thus forming the magnetic distortion field 220 and whose representation of magnetic field lines is shown in Figure 3.

Abstract

The invention relates to a transformer for controlled electric voltage, including: a magnetic core; at least one primary winding which is supplied with a main current in order to generate a main magnetic flux on the magnetic core; at least one secondary winding; and at least one magnetic distortion field generator which is supplied with a control current in order to generate a magnetic distortion field on the magnetic core, such that the strength of the control current varies in relation to the detection of the required output electric voltage in respect of the transformer operating load, such that the magnetic distortion field is combined with the main magnetic flux generating a distortion in same, thereby changing the reluctance of the magnetic core and, in this way, changing the output electric voltage of the transformer. The invention also relates to a method for adjusting the electric voltage in the inventive controlled electric current transformer.

Description

TRANSFORMADOR DE TENSIÓN ELÉCTRICA CONTROLADA Y MÉTODO PARA CONTROLLED ELECTRIC VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER AND METHOD FOR
AJUSTA R LA TENSIÓN ELÉCTRICAADJUST R ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓNTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Esta . invención se refiere a transformadores, y más particularmente a un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada mediante el empleo de campos de distorsión magnética.Is . The invention relates to transformers, and more particularly to an electric voltage transformer controlled by the use of magnetic distortion fields.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En las redes de distribución de energía eléctrica se hace uso de partes de Ia red que tienen distintos niveles de tensión eléctrica que generalmente están acoplados mutuamente por medio de transformadores, cuya relación de transformación (también conocida como relación de espiras) entre Ia tensión eléctrica del lado primario y Ia tensión eléctrica del lado secundario puede ser regulada o es ajustable de manera escalonada dentro de ciertos límites como resultado de equipar, a al menos uno de los devanados del transformador, con tomas que pueden seleccionarse por medio de un dispositivo conmutador.In the electricity distribution networks, parts of the network are used that have different levels of electrical voltage that are generally mutually coupled by means of transformers, whose transformation ratio (also known as winding ratio) between the electrical voltage of the primary side and the electrical voltage of the secondary side can be regulated or is adjustable in a staggered manner within certain limits as a result of equipping, at least one of the transformer windings, with sockets that can be selected by means of a switching device.
Dependiendo de Ia aplicación del transformador que sea deseada, ésta puede involucrar un ajuste o regulación de Ia relación de transformación en uno o más escalonamientos bajo carga, por medio de conmutadores de tomas en carga, o un ajuste semi-permanente de Ia relación de transformación en uno o más escalonamientos al estar el transformador en el estado desconectado, por medio de selectores de tomas. El ajuste o regulación de Ia relación de transformación, de los transformadores en Ia red de distribución, es necesaria para poder garantizar un determinado o cierto nivel de tensión eléctrica dentro de los límites fijos en caso de situaciones de carga divergentes, tanto de naturaleza de corto como largo plazo en los puntos de distribución asociados a los consumidores de Ia energía eléctrica.Depending on the application of the transformer that is desired, it may involve an adjustment or regulation of the transformation ratio in one or more steps under load, by means of load tap switches, or a semi-permanent adjustment of the transformation ratio in one or more steps when the transformer is in the disconnected state, by means of tap selectors. The adjustment or regulation of the transformation ratio, of the transformers in the distribution network, is necessary to be able to guarantee a certain or certain level of electrical voltage within the fixed limits in case of divergent load situations, both short-term and long-term in the distribution points associated with consumers of electric power.
A partir de las mediciones y cálculos se ha encontrado que, con las instalaciones actuales de regulación y ajuste de transformadores, Ia variación de tensión eléctrica en las redes urbanas es de aproximadamente un 7 % de Ia tensión eléctrica nominal, en tanto que en las redes rurales existe una variación de tensión eléctrica de aproximadamente 14 %. Además se encuentra que Ia tensión eléctrica promedio en todos los puntos de distribución es de un 2 % a un 4 % más alta que Ia tensión eléctrica nominal. Como resultado de ello, ocurren pérdidas innecesarias en los transformadores y los consumidores tienen en promedio un alto consumo en forma indebida.From the measurements and calculations, it has been found that, with current transformer regulation and adjustment installations, the variation in electrical voltage in urban networks is approximately 7% of the nominal electrical voltage, while in networks In rural areas there is an electric voltage variation of approximately 14%. In addition, it is found that the average electrical voltage at all distribution points is 2% to 4% higher than the nominal electrical voltage. As a result, unnecessary losses occur in transformers and consumers have an average high consumption in an improper way.
Contemplando el tema desde Ia parte de Ia generación hacia Ia parte de Ia distribución, Ia causa de Ia variación de Ia tensión eléctrica en las redes de distribución radica en los efectos acumulativos de las caídas de tensión eléctrica en Ia red de media tensión eléctrica, en el transformador de baja tensión eléctrica y en Ia red de baja tensión eléctrica, en relación con Io cual desempeñan un papel Ia regulación escalonada del transformador de media tensión eléctrica y un sistema que influencia Ia corriente y que no pueden ser ajustado con precisión. Además, las fases de cables sometidos a cargas desiguales o Ia generación de energía descentralizada dan lugar a diferencias de tensión eléctrica en Ia red.Contemplating the issue from the part of the generation to the part of the distribution, the cause of the variation of the electrical voltage in the distribution networks lies in the cumulative effects of the electric voltage drops in the medium-voltage electrical network, in the low voltage electric transformer and in the low electric voltage network, in relation to which the step regulation of the electric medium voltage transformer and a system that influences the current and that cannot be precisely adjusted play a role. In addition, the phases of cables subjected to unequal loads or the generation of decentralized energy give rise to differences in electrical voltage in the network.
Una solución actual para lograr un ajuste de tensión eléctrica con precisión y rapidez es empleando conmutadores electrónicos bajo Ia forma de transistores o tiristores. Tal solución es descrita por Paulus G. J. M. Asselman y otros en Ia publicación de solicitud de patente mexicana MX-9800816, Ia cual hace mención a un método y un dispositivo para ajustar continuamente, dentro de un determinado intervalo de ajuste, Ia relación de transformación o de número de espiras entre el devanado primario y el devanado secundario de un transformador de potencia dotado de al menos un devanado de regulación, donde una primera toma se conecta durante una parte de un ciclo de Ia tensión alterna del transformador y una segunda toma se conecta durante otra parte de un ciclo de Ia tensión alterna.A current solution to achieve an adjustment of electric voltage with precision and speed is using electronic switches in the form of transistors or thyristors. Such a solution is described by Paulus GJM Asselman and others in the Mexican patent application publication MX-9800816, which refers to a method and a device for continuously adjusting, within a given adjustment interval, the ratio of transformation or number of turns between the primary winding and the secondary winding of a power transformer provided with at least one regulation winding, where a first socket is connected during a part of a voltage cycle of the transformer and a second socket is connected during another part of a cycle of the alternating voltage.
Otra alternativa de solución actual es Ia descrita por Hiromichi Sato y otros en Ia publicación de solicitud de patente japonesa JP-2001044051, donde se muestra un transformador variable que tiene un circuito de control magnético del flujo, donde un devanado primario y un devanado secundario están arrollados a un núcleo magnético. En una parte del núcleo magnético se encuentra una ventana u orificio, en Ia cual dos bobinas de control, conectadas en serie, están arrolladas alrededor de dos lados de Ia ventana. Una tensión eléctrica inducida se genera en las bobinas de control, pero éstas al estar conectadas en serie cancelan Ia tensión eléctrica inducida. Por consecuencia, una tensión eléctrica inducida no es aplicada a un circuito de control. La estructura del devanado es similar a un transformador monofásico ordinario, pero con Ia diferencia que esta incluye un circuito de control magnético de flujo controlable que consiste de una ventana con Ia bobinas de control, en un núcleo magnético y un circuito de control.Another alternative of current solution is that described by Hiromichi Sato and others in the Japanese patent application publication JP-2001044051, where a variable transformer is shown that has a magnetic flow control circuit, where a primary winding and a secondary winding are rolled to a magnetic core. In one part of the magnetic core there is a window or hole, in which two control coils, connected in series, are wound around two sides of the window. An induced electrical voltage is generated in the control coils, but these being connected in series cancel the induced electrical voltage. Consequently, an induced electrical voltage is not applied to a control circuit. The winding structure is similar to an ordinary single-phase transformer, but with the difference that this includes a controllable magnetic flow control circuit consisting of a window with the control coils, in a magnetic core and a control circuit.
También es común el empleo de devanados entrelazados o cruzados, como Io describe André Kislovski en Ia patente española ES-2,001,118, donde se muestra un elemento inductivo de construcción eléctricamente regulable que está constituido de dos núcleos ferromagnéticos magnéticamente independientes entre sí, iguales, cerrados en sí anularmente, que llevan individualmente los devanados parciales de un devanado de inducción y conjuntamente una bobina reguladora de maniobra. El sentido del arrollamiento de los devanados parciales y de inducción es tal que en uno de los núcleos se debilitan mutuamente los campos magnéticos generados por corrientes a través de los devanados, por el contrario en el otro núcleo se refuerzan.The use of interwoven or crossed windings is also common, as described by André Kislovski in Spanish patent ES-2,001,118, where an inductive element of electrically adjustable construction is shown, consisting of two magnetically independent ferromagnetic cores, equal, closed in yes annularly, that they carry individually the partial windings of an induction winding and jointly a maneuver regulating coil. The winding direction of the partial and induction windings is such that in one of the nuclei mutually weaken the magnetic fields generated by currents through the windings, on the contrary in the other nucleus they are reinforced.
Otra alternativa de solución actual para proveer un transformador variable, es emplear dos o más núcleos magnéticos eslabonados con elementos de núcleo en común, como Io describe Gregory Leibovich en Ia patente estadounidense US- 4,837,497, que ilustra un transformador o reactor variable que tiene como base Ia combinación de por Io menos dos núcleos con un yugo común; el devanado primario está dividido en dos sistemas independientes de devanados de fase arrollados en dirección opuesta, dispuestos en las piernas o columnas simétricas de los núcleos y separados por el yugo común; el devanado secundario con cada devanado fase está dividido en dos y están arrollado en porciones en direcciones opuestas en las piernas simétricas de Ia base, adyacente a las porciones del devanado primario y separadas por el yugo común. El devanado de cortocircuitos secundario del transformador o reactor se reduce por Io menos a un lazo con las porciones del lazo separadas por el yugo común. El aparato polifásico tiene al menos un devanado primario por sistema, que incluye un dispositivo controlable en Ia relación del circuito, Io que permite el control de un devanado primario en relación al otro, en cuanto a Ia magnitud de corriente o en desplazamiento de fase de corriente. El dispositivo controlable que es un rectificador, TRIAC o transistor. Por Io que al contar con un control continuo del dispositivo controlable se obtiene un aparato con parámetros de salida variables.Another alternative of current solution to provide a variable transformer is to use two or more magnetic cores linked with common core elements, as described by Gregory Leibovich in US Pat. No. 4,837,497, which illustrates a transformer or variable reactor based on The combination of at least two cores with a common yoke; The primary winding is divided into two independent systems of phase windings wound in the opposite direction, arranged on the legs or symmetrical columns of the cores and separated by the common yoke; The secondary winding with each phase winding is divided in two and they are wound in portions in opposite directions on the symmetrical legs of the base, adjacent to the portions of the primary winding and separated by the common yoke. The secondary short-circuit winding of the transformer or reactor is reduced by at least one loop with the loop portions separated by the common yoke. The multi-phase apparatus has at least one primary winding per system, which includes a controllable device in the circuit relation, which allows the control of a primary winding in relation to the other, in terms of the magnitude of current or phase shift of stream. The controllable device that is a rectifier, TRIAC or transistor. Therefore, by having continuous control of the controllable device, an apparatus with variable output parameters is obtained.
Otra alternativa para aportar un transformador variable consiste en formar un transformador con un núcleo magnético cuya estructura tiene elementos movibles o con desplazamiento que permiten formar un espacio de aire variable en el núcleo, Io cual propicia un cambio en el flujo magnético inducido por los devanados, permitiendo así un control de Ia tensión eléctrica de forma lineal o gradual. El control del movimiento de los elementos movibles, para Ia abertura y cerrado del espacio de aire variable del núcleo, puede llevarse a cabo con mecanismos de control de desplazamiento manuales, semi-automáticos o automáticos. Ejemplo de esta aplicación Ia describe Steven Hahan en Ia patente estadounidense US-4,540,931, Ia cual muestra un transformador que incluye un sistema para el control de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida que emplea un núcleo con estructura movible. La tensión eléctrica de salida del transformador es percibida y ésta se hace corresponder a un predeterminado movimiento estándar de Ia estructura movible, Ia cual entonces al estar posicionada en Ia correcta ubicación es trabada. Los cambios de tensión eléctrica son libres de escalonamientos y el control lineal de Ia tensión eléctrica con respecto al tiempo es alcanzado a través del movimiento no-lineal de Ia estructura movible, permitiendo un rango amplio de variación de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida.Another alternative to provide a variable transformer is to form a transformer with a magnetic core whose structure has movable or moving elements that allow a variable air space to be formed in the core, which leads to a change in the magnetic flux induced by the windings, thus allowing a control of the electrical voltage in a linear or gradual manner. The control of the movement of the movable elements, for the opening and closing of the air space Variable core, can be carried out with manual, semi-automatic or automatic displacement control mechanisms. An example of this application is described by Steven Hahan in US Pat. No. 4,540,931, which shows a transformer that includes a system for controlling the electrical output voltage using a core with movable structure. The electrical output voltage of the transformer is perceived and this is made to correspond to a predetermined standard movement of the movable structure, which then being positioned in the correct location is locked. The changes in electrical voltage are free of staggering and the linear control of the electrical voltage with respect to time is achieved through the non-linear movement of the movable structure, allowing a wide range of variation of the electrical output voltage.
Las soluciones antes descritas representan sistemas complejos de control que requieren de equipos conmutadores de tomas controladas por dispositivos mecánicos, electromecánicos y/o equipos electrónicos de potencia; reconfiguración del arrollamiento de devanados o del núcleo magnético; y/o el empleo de equipos mecánicos o servo-mecanismos aplicables a Ia formación de espacios de aire variables en el núcleo magnético, todo esto con el fin de proveer un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada. Por Io que es necesario aportar un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada, que de manera sencilla y económica, permita ajustar Ia tensión eléctrica bajo carga o no, en las redes de distribución, con mayor precisión, rapidez y amplio rango de operación en comparación con el estado de Ia técnica, mediante el empleo de campos magnéticos de distorsión en el núcleo del transformador.The solutions described above represent complex control systems that require tap switching equipment controlled by mechanical, electromechanical devices and / or power electronic equipment; reconfiguration of winding windings or magnetic core; and / or the use of mechanical equipment or servo-mechanisms applicable to the formation of variable air spaces in the magnetic core, all this in order to provide a controlled voltage transformer. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a controlled electric voltage transformer, which in a simple and economical way, allows to adjust the electric voltage under load or not, in the distribution networks, with greater precision, speed and wide operating range compared to the state of the art, through the use of magnetic fields of distortion in the transformer core.
SUMARIO DE LA INVENCIÓNSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
En vista de Io anteriormente descrito y con el propósito de dar solución a las limitantes encontradas, es objeto de Ia invención ofrecer un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada que cuenta con un núcleo magnético; al menos un devanado primario al que se Ie suministra una corriente principal para generar un flujo magnético principal sobre el núcleo magnético; al menos un devanado secundario; y al menos un generador de campo de distorsión magnética al que se Ie suministra una corriente de control para generar un campo de distorsión magnética sobre el núcleo magnético, tal que Ia corriente de control tiene una intensidad que varia en relación con Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento de transformador; en donde el campo de distorsión magnética se combina con , el flujo magnético principal generando una distorsión de éste, logrando un cambio en Ia reluctancia del núcleo magnético y de esta manera un cambio en Ia tensión eléctrica de salida del transformador.In view of the previously described and for the purpose of solving the limitations found, it is the object of the invention to offer a voltage transformer electric controlled that has a magnetic core; at least one primary winding to which a main current is supplied to generate a main magnetic flux on the magnetic core; at least one secondary winding; and at least one magnetic distortion field generator to which a control current is supplied to generate a magnetic distortion field on the magnetic core, such that the control current has an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the voltage electrical output required in relation to the transformer operating load; where the magnetic distortion field is combined with, the main magnetic flux generating a distortion of the latter, achieving a change in the reluctance of the magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of the transformer.
Es también objeto de Ia invención ofrecer un método para ajustar Ia tensión eléctrica en un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada formado por un núcleo magnético, al menos un devanado primario, al menos un devanado secundario, y al menos un generador de campo de distorsión magnética, el método cuenta con los pasos de suministrar una corriente principal al devanado primario para generar un flujo magnético principal sobre el núcleo magnético; detectar Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento del transformador; y generar al menos un campo de distorsión magnética en el núcleo magnético, bajo Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida, tal que el campo de distorsión magnética se combina con el flujo magnético principal generando una distorsión de éste, logrando un cambio en Ia reluctancia del núcleo magnético y de esta manera un cambio en Ia tensión eléctrica de salida del transformador.It is also the object of the invention to offer a method for adjusting the electrical voltage in a controlled electrical voltage transformer formed by a magnetic core, at least one primary winding, at least one secondary winding, and at least one magnetic distortion field generator, The method has the steps of supplying a main current to the primary winding to generate a main magnetic flux over the magnetic core; detecting the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of the transformer; and generate at least one magnetic distortion field in the magnetic core, under the detection of the required electrical output voltage, such that the magnetic distortion field is combined with the main magnetic flux generating a distortion thereof, achieving a change in the reluctance of the magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of the transformer.
DESCRIPCIÓN BREVE DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Los detalles característicos de Ia invención se describen en los siguientes párrafos en conjunto con las figuras que Io acompañan, los cuales son con el propósito de definir al invento pero sin limitar el alcance de éste.The characteristic details of the invention are described in the following paragraphs in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are for the purpose of defining the invention but without limiting its scope.
Figura 1 ilustra una vista en perspectiva de un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada de acuerdo al invento.Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a controlled electrical voltage transformer according to the invention.
Figura 2 ilustra una vista frontal de un núcleo magnético de un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada con la representación de Ia dirección un flujo magnético principal distorsionado por campos de distorsión magnética de acuerdo al invento.Figure 2 illustrates a front view of a magnetic core of an electric voltage transformer controlled with the representation of the direction a main magnetic flux distorted by magnetic distortion fields according to the invention.
Figura 3 ilustra una representación de un campo de distorsión magnética generado de acuerdo al invento.Figure 3 illustrates a representation of a magnetic distortion field generated according to the invention.
Figura 4 ilustra un diagrama de bloques de un método para ajustar Ia tensión eléctrica en un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada de acuerdo al invento.Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a method for adjusting the electrical voltage in a controlled electrical voltage transformer according to the invention.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓNDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada de acuerdo al invento puede ser del tipo de una, tres o varias fases y donde el núcleo magnético puede tener cualquier diseño, como por ejemplo, tipo columna o acorazado. En Ia Figura 1 se muestra una realización del invento con referencia a un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10 trifásico, él cual tiene un núcleo magnético 20 tipo columna dotado de una columna central 30 y dos columnas externas 40 y 50, quedando todas las columnas mencionadas dispuestas sustancialmente en el mismo plano. Las tres columnas tienen sus extremos superiores interconectados mediante un yugo superiorA controlled voltage transformer according to the invention can be of the type of one, three or several phases and where the magnetic core can have any design, such as column or armored type. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention with reference to a three-phase controlled electric voltage transformer 10, which has a column-like magnetic core 20 provided with a central column 30 and two external columns 40 and 50, all the mentioned columns remaining arranged substantially in the same plane. The three columns have their upper ends interconnected by a superior yoke
60 mientras que sus extremos inferiores están interconectados mediante un yugo inferior 70. El núcleo magnético 20 queda constituido ventajosamente por chapas apiladas las cuales son paralelas al plano en el cual están situadas las tres columnas (30, 40 y 50). El material, número y espesor de las chapas que constituyen las diferentes columnas (30, 40 y 50) y yugos (60 y 70), pueden ser seleccionados, desde luego, de acuerdo con los criterios habituales para el diseño de núcleos magnéticos.60 while its lower ends are interconnected by a lower yoke 70. The magnetic core 20 is advantageously constituted by sheets stacked which are parallel to the plane in which the three columns (30, 40 and 50) are located. The material, number and thickness of the sheets that constitute the different columns (30, 40 and 50) and yokes (60 and 70), can of course be selected according to the usual criteria for the design of magnetic cores.
Devanados 80, 90 y 100 están arrollados concéntricamente alrededor de cada una de las columnas 30, 40 y 50 respectivamente. En el transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10, cada devanado 80, 90 y 100 está formado por tres capas concéntricas de devanados 110, 120 y 130. La capa de devanado más interna 110 puede representar el devanado primario y las otras dos capas de devanado 120 y 130 el devanado secundario.Windings 80, 90 and 100 are concentrically wrapped around each of columns 30, 40 and 50 respectively. In the controlled electric voltage transformer 10, each winding 80, 90 and 100 is formed by three concentric winding layers 110, 120 and 130. The innermost winding layer 110 may represent the primary winding and the other two winding layers 120 and 130 the secondary winding.
El núcleo magnético 20 cuenta con al menos un generador de campo distorsión magnética 140 que puede estar formado por un primer par de agujeros 150 y un segundo par de agujeros 160 que atraviesan el grueso del núcleo magnético 20 ya sea por un columna o un yugo de Ia mencionada estructura tipo ventana, tal que ambos pares de agujeros generalmente están adyacentes. Un primer devanado de control 170 está arrollado en el primer par de agujeros 150 y a su vez un segundo devanado de control 180 está arrollado en el segundo par de agujeros 160. Cabe mencionar que cada generador de campo de distorsión magnética 140 está ubicado en una posición relativa en el núcleo magnético 20 de tal manera que permita mantener el equilibrio magnético de éste para asegurar tensiones eléctricas de salida balanceadas.The magnetic core 20 has at least one magnetic distortion field generator 140 that may be formed by a first pair of holes 150 and a second pair of holes 160 that pass through the thickness of the magnetic core 20 either by a column or a yoke of The mentioned window type structure, such that both pairs of holes are generally adjacent. A first control winding 170 is wound in the first pair of holes 150 and in turn a second control winding 180 is wound in the second pair of holes 160. It should be mentioned that each magnetic distortion field generator 140 is located in a position relative in the magnetic core 20 in such a way as to maintain its magnetic balance to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
Por el devanado primario 110 pasa una corriente principal, Ia cual induce un flujo magnético principal en el núcleo magnético 20. A fin de controlar Ia tensión eléctrica de salida del transformador, el flujo magnético principal es regulado al hacer pasar una corriente de control alterna o continua de forma simultánea por cada generador de campo de distorsión magnética 140 para formar campos de distorsión magnética de igual intensidad en el núcleo magnético 20, tal que cada campo de distorsión magnética se combine con el flujo magnético principal.A primary current passes through the primary winding 110, which induces a main magnetic flux in the magnetic core 20. In order to control the electrical output voltage of the transformer, the main magnetic flux is regulated by making passing an alternating or continuous control current simultaneously through each magnetic distortion field generator 140 to form magnetic distortion fields of equal intensity in the magnetic core 20, such that each magnetic distortion field is combined with the main magnetic flux.
En cada generador de campo de distorsión magnética 140 Ia corriente de control es suministrada simultáneamente al primer devanado de control 170 y al segundo devanado de control 180 a través de unos medios para suministrar corriente de control (no mostrados) que están eléctricamente conectados a estos devanados. Esta corriente de control es suministrada cuando se detecta una variación de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida relacionada con el funcionamiento del transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10, tal que Ia tensión eléctrica de salida se hace corresponder a una intensidad de corriente que se alimenta a cada uno de los generadores de distorsión magnética 140 para formar los campos de distorsión magnética a fin de obtener Ia tensión eléctrica de salida deseada.In each magnetic distortion field generator 140 the control current is supplied simultaneously to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180 through means to supply control current (not shown) that are electrically connected to these windings . This control current is supplied when a variation of the electrical output voltage related to the operation of the controlled electrical voltage transformer 10 is detected, such that the electrical output voltage is made to correspond to a current intensity that is fed to each of the magnetic distortion generators 140 to form the magnetic distortion fields in order to obtain the desired electrical output voltage.
La Figura 2 muestra una vista lateral de un núcleo magnético 20 de tipo columna, el núcleo magnético 20 cuenta con una columna central 30 y dos columnas externas 40 y 50 interconectados mediante un yugo superior 60 y un yugo inferior 70.Figure 2 shows a side view of a magnetic core 20 of the column type, the magnetic core 20 has a central column 30 and two external columns 40 and 50 interconnected by an upper yoke 60 and a lower yoke 70.
Desde Ia perspectiva del núcleo magnético 20 se cuenta con al menos un generador de campo de distorsión magnética 140 formado por un primer par de agujeros 150 y un segundo par de agujeros 160 que atraviesan el grueso del núcleo magnético 20 ya sea por un columna o un yugo o de forma combinada; en el primer par de agujeros 150 está arrollado, con una o más espiras, un primer devanado de control 170 mientras que en el segundo par de agujeros 160 está arrollado, con una o más espiras, un segundo devanado de control 180. Un flujo magnético principal 190 es inducido en el núcleo magnético 20 por Ia corriente principal circulando en el devanado primario (no mostrado). Cuando se detecta Ia ocurrencia de una variación en Ia tensión eléctrica de salida relacionada con el funcionamiento de transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10, que en este caso es Ia variación de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida debido a Ia carga correspondiente al devanado secundario (no mostrado), entonces los medios para suministrar corriente de control (no mostrados) suministran simultáneamente una corriente de control alterna o continua a cada uno de los generadores de campo de distorsión magnética 140, suministrando simultáneamente corriente de control al primer devanado de control 170 y al segundo devanado de control 180, para que el primer devanado de control 170 genere un primer flujo magnético de control 200 en el núcleo magnético 20, mientras que el segundo devanado de control 180 genera un segundo flujo magnético de control 210 en dirección opuesta al primer flujo magnético de control 200; formando, ambos flujos magnéticos de control 200 y 210, un campo de distorsión magnética 220 en el núcleo magnético 20 que se combina con el flujo magnético principal 190. La intensidad de Ia corriente de control suministrada a los generadores de campos de distorsión magnética 140 corresponde con Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida eri relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento del transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10. Una representación del campo de distorsión magnética 220 generado se muestran en Ia Figura 3.From the perspective of the magnetic core 20 there is at least one magnetic distortion field generator 140 formed by a first pair of holes 150 and a second pair of holes 160 that cross the thickness of the magnetic core 20 either by a column or a yoke or in combination; in the first pair of holes 150 a first control winding 170 is wound, with one or more turns, while in the second pair of holes 160 a second control winding 180 is wound with one or more turns. A main magnetic flux 190 is induced in the magnetic core 20 by the main current circulating in the primary winding (not shown). When the occurrence of a variation in the electrical output voltage related to the operation of a controlled electrical voltage transformer 10 is detected, which in this case is the variation of the electrical output voltage due to the load corresponding to the secondary winding (not shown ), then the means for supplying control current (not shown) simultaneously supply an alternating or continuous control current to each of the magnetic distortion field generators 140, simultaneously supplying control current to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180, so that the first control winding 170 generates a first magnetic control flow 200 in the magnetic core 20, while the second control winding 180 generates a second magnetic control flow 210 in the opposite direction to the first magnetic flux control 200; forming, both magnetic control flows 200 and 210, a magnetic distortion field 220 in the magnetic core 20 that is combined with the main magnetic flux 190. The intensity of the control current supplied to the magnetic distortion field generators 140 corresponds with the detection of the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of the controlled electrical voltage transformer 10. A representation of the magnetic distortion field 220 generated is shown in Figure 3.
Cada uno de los campo de distorsión magnética 220, al combinarse con el flujo magnético principal 190, actúa de manera análoga o equivalente a Ia función de un espacio de aire físico en el núcleo magnético 20, pero con Ia diferencia de que el tamaño del campo de distorsión magnética 220 varia según Ia intensidad de Ia corriente de control suministrada al generador de campo de distorsión magnética 140, en especifico al primer devanado de control 170 y al segundo devanado de control 180, por lo que análogamente sería como tener Ia función de un espacio de aire de tamaño variable conforme a las necesidades de operación del transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10.Each of the magnetic distortion field 220, when combined with the main magnetic flux 190, acts in a manner analogous or equivalent to the function of a physical air space in the magnetic core 20, but with the difference that the field size of magnetic distortion 220 varies according to the intensity of the control current supplied to the magnetic distortion field generator 140, specifically to the first control winding 170 and the second control winding 180, so similarly it would be like having the function of an air space of variable size according to the operating needs of the controlled voltage transformer 10.
Cabe mencionar que los generadores de campos de distorsión magnética 140 deben estar conectados en paralelo a fin de generar campos de distorsión magnética 220 de igual intensidad y ubicados en una posición relativa en el núcleo magnético 20 de tal manera que permita mantener el equilibrio magnético de éste para asegurar tensiones eléctricas de salida balanceadas.It should be mentioned that the magnetic distortion field generators 140 must be connected in parallel in order to generate magnetic distortion fields 220 of equal intensity and located in a relative position in the magnetic core 20 in such a way as to maintain the magnetic balance of the latter. to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
La presencia de un campo de distorsión magnética 220 en un circuito magnético provoca cambios en Ia reluctancia del mismo. A mayor número y/o intensidad del campo de distorsión magnética 220 el cambio de reluctancia es mayor. Por Io que en un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10 ante Ia presencia de un cambio en Ia reluctancia, Ia corriente principal del devanado primario variará para mantener el flujo magnético principal 210 constante, por Io que en base al principio de estabilidad magnética de un sistema electromagnético, ante Ia variación de Ia corriente principal, se experimenta una variación en Ia corriente del devanado secundario (no mostrado). Y bajo el principio de potencia invariante, la variación en Ia corriente del devanado secundario ocasiona una variación en Ia magnitud de Ia tensión eléctrica, que en este caso es Ia variable de control deseada para un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada 10 de acuerdo al invento.The presence of a magnetic distortion field 220 in a magnetic circuit causes changes in its reluctance. The greater the number and / or intensity of the magnetic distortion field 220, the change in reluctance is greater. Therefore, in a controlled voltage transformer 10 in the presence of a change in reluctance, the main current of the primary winding will vary to keep the main magnetic flux 210 constant, so that based on the principle of magnetic stability of a system Electromagnetic, before the variation of the main current, there is a variation in the current of the secondary winding (not shown). And under the principle of invariant power, the variation in the secondary winding current causes a variation in the magnitude of the electric voltage, which in this case is the desired control variable for a controlled electric voltage transformer 10 according to the invention.
Lo descrito antes se expresa matemáticamente mediante Io siguiente:The above is expressed mathematically by the following:
Si se presenta un campo de distorsión magnética 220 en el circuito magnético de un transformador, entonces se presenta una variación en su reluctancia según las ecuaciones: A D AFmm N(T Λ - T JIf a magnetic distortion field 220 is present in the magnetic circuit of a transformer, then there is a variation in its reluctance according to the equations: AD AFmm N ( T Λ - T J
V BAV BA
Donde:Where:
ΔR es Ia variación de Ia reluctancia. ΔFmm es Ia variación de Ia fuerza magnetomotriz. Φ es el flujo magnético principal.ΔR is the variation of reluctance. ΔFmm is the variation of the magnetomotive force. Φ is the main magnetic flux.
N es el número de vueltas del devanado primarioN is the number of turns of the primary winding
Ip1 es Ia corriente en el devanado primario después de la variación de Ia reluctancia.Ip 1 is the current in the primary winding after the variation of the reluctance.
Ip0 es Ia corriente en el devanado primario antes de Ia variación de Ia reluctancia.I p0 is the current in the primary winding before the variation of the reluctance.
B es Ia densidad del flujo magnético.B is the density of the magnetic flux.
A es el área del columna del núcleo magnético.A is the area of the magnetic core column.
Así por ejemplo, ante un aumento en Ia reluctancia, Ia corriente del devanado primario (JP) aumentará para mantener el flujo magnético principal (Φ) constante (cíe).Thus, for example, given an increase in reluctance, the primary winding current (J P ) will increase to keep the main magnetic flux (Φ) constant (cie).
Bajo el principio de potencia invariante (Pentrada = Psai¡da)r si Ia corriente aumenta en el devanado primario (Ip), Ia corriente en el devanado secundario (Is) aumentará Io cual implicará una disminución en Ia tensión eléctrica del devanado secundario (V5), que es Ia variable de control deseada.Under the principle of invariant power (P in t r ada = Psai¡da) r if the current increases in the primary winding (Ip), the current in the secondary winding (I s ) will increase which will imply a decrease in the electrical voltage of the secondary winding (V 5 ), which is the desired control variable.
t/ΛÍ L $ IP ~* Vs Cambiando ahora a Ia Figura 4 en conjunto con Ia Figura 2, se muestra un diagrama de bloques de un método para ajustar Ia tensión eléctrica en un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada de acuerdo al invento. El método inicia en el paso 230 cuando una corriente principal es suministrada a un devanado primario (no mostrado) para inducir un flujo magnético principal 190 en un núcleo magnético 20.t / ΛÍ L $ IP ~ * Vs Changing now to Figure 4 in conjunction with Figure 2, a block diagram of a method for adjusting the electric voltage in a controlled electric voltage transformer according to the invention is shown. The method starts in step 230 when a main current is supplied to a primary winding (not shown) to induce a main magnetic flux 190 in a magnetic core 20.
Posteriormente, en el paso 240, se detecta Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento del mencionado transformador a fin de proceder, en el paso 250, a generar al menos un campo distorsión magnética 220 en el núcleo magnético 20 manteniendo un equilibrio magnético en el mismo para asegurar tensiones eléctricas de salida balanceadas, tal que cada campo de distorsión magnética 220 se combina con el flujo magnético principal 190 generando una distorsión de este último, logrando de esta manera controlar Ia tensión eléctrica de salida de dicho transformador, pues si Ia corriente varia en el devanado primario, Ia corriente en el devanado secundario (no mostrado) variará también, Io cual implica una variación en Ia tensión eléctrica del devanado secundario, que es Ia variable de control deseada.Subsequently, in step 240, the required electrical output voltage is detected in relation to the operating load of said transformer in order to proceed, in step 250, to generate at least one magnetic distortion field 220 in the magnetic core 20 while maintaining a magnetic equilibrium in it to ensure balanced electrical output voltages, such that each magnetic distortion field 220 is combined with the main magnetic flux 190 generating a distortion of the latter, thereby managing to control the electrical output voltage of said transformer Therefore, if the current varies in the primary winding, the current in the secondary winding (not shown) will also vary, which implies a variation in the electrical voltage of the secondary winding, which is the desired control variable.
El campo magnético de distorsión 220 puede ser generado al suministrar, en el paso 260, una corriente de control, ya sea corriente alterna o continua con una intensidad que varia en relación con Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento del mencionado transformador, a un primer devanado de control 170 para generar un primer flujo magnético de control 200 sobre el núcleo magnético 20, donde el primer devanado de control 170 está arrollado en un primer par de agujeros 150 en el núcleo magnético 20. Simultáneamente en el paso 270 se suministra Ia misma corriente de control a un segundo devanado de control 180 para generar un segundo flujo magnético de control 210 en el núcleo magnético 20, en donde el segundo devanado de control 180 está arrollado en un segundo par de agujeros 160 en el núcleo magnético 20, tal que el segundo flujo magnético de control 210 tiene una dirección opuesta al primer flujo magnético de control 200 formando así el campo de distorsión magnética 220 y cuya representación de líneas de campo magnético se muestra en Ia Figura 3.The magnetic distortion field 220 can be generated by supplying, in step 260, a control current, either alternating or continuous current with an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the required output electrical voltage in relation to the load of operation of said transformer, to a first control winding 170 to generate a first magnetic control flow 200 on the magnetic core 20, where the first control winding 170 is wound in a first pair of holes 150 in the magnetic core 20. Simultaneously in step 270 the same control current is supplied to a second control winding 180 to generate a second magnetic control flow 210 in the magnetic core 20, wherein the second control winding 180 is wound in a second pair of holes 160 in the magnetic core 20, such that the second magnetic control flow 210 has an opposite direction to the first magnetic control flow 200 thus forming the magnetic distortion field 220 and whose representation of magnetic field lines is shown in Figure 3.
Basado en las realizaciones descritas anteriormente, se contempla que las modificaciones de los ambientes de realización descritos, así como los ambientes de realización alternativos serán considerados evidentes para una persona experta en el arte de Ia técnica bajo Ia presente descripción. Es por Io tanto, contemplado que las reivindicaciones abarcan dichas modificaciones y alternativas que estén dentro del alcance del presente invento o sus equivalentes. Based on the embodiments described above, it is contemplated that the modifications of the described realization environments, as well as the alternative realization environments will be considered evident to a person skilled in the art of the technique under the present description. It is therefore contemplated that the claims encompass such modifications and alternatives that are within the scope of the present invention or its equivalents.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada que comprende: un núcleo magnético; al menos un devanado primario al que se Ie suministra una corriente principal para generar un flujo magnético principal sobre dicho núcleo magnético; al menos un devanado secundario; y donde dicho transformador se caracteriza por incluir: al menos un generador de campo de distorsión magnética al que se Ie suministra una corriente de control para generar un campo de distorsión magnética sobre dicho núcleo magnético, tal que dicha corriente de control tiene una intensidad que varia en relación con Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento de dicho transformador; en donde dicho campo de distorsión magnética se combina con dicho flujo magnético principal generando una distorsión de éste, logrando un cambio en Ia reluctancia de dicho núcleo magnético y de esta manera un cambio en Ia tensión eléctrica de salida de dicho transformador.1. A controlled electrical voltage transformer comprising: a magnetic core; at least one primary winding to which a main current is supplied to generate a main magnetic flux on said magnetic core; at least one secondary winding; and wherein said transformer is characterized by including: at least one magnetic distortion field generator to which a control current is supplied to generate a magnetic distortion field on said magnetic core, such that said control current has an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of said transformer; wherein said magnetic distortion field is combined with said main magnetic flux generating a distortion thereof, achieving a change in the reluctance of said magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of said transformer.
2. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicho núcleo magnético es de tipo columna o acorazado.2. The transformer of claim 1, characterized in that said magnetic core is of the column or armored type.
3. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicho generador de campo de distorsión magnética está ubicado en una posición relativa en dicho núcleo magnético que permite mantener el equilibrio magnético de éste para asegurar tensiones eléctricas de salida balanceadas.3. The transformer of claim 1, characterized in that said magnetic distortion field generator is located in a relative position in said magnetic core that allows it to maintain its magnetic equilibrium to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
4. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicho generador de campo de distorsión magnética incluye: un primer par de agujeros en dicho núcleo magnético; un segundo par de agujeros en dicho núcleo magnético; un primer devanado de control arrollado en dicho primer par de agujeros, al cual se Ie suministra una corriente de control para generar un primer flujo magnético de control sobre dicho núcleo magnético; y un segundo devanado de control arrollado en dicho segundo par de agujeros, al cual se Ie suministra simultáneamente una corriente de control para generar un segundo flujo magnético de control sobre dicho núcleo magnético, en donde dicho segundo flujo magnético de control tiene una dirección opuesta a dicho primer flujo magnético de control; en donde dichos primer y segundo flujos magnéticos de control forman dicho campo de distorsión magnética.4. The transformer of claim 1, characterized in that said magnetic distortion field generator includes: a first pair of holes in said magnetic core; a second pair of holes in said magnetic core; a first control winding wound in said first pair of holes, to which a control current is supplied to generate a first magnetic control flow over said magnetic core; and a second control winding wound in said second pair of holes, to which a control current is simultaneously supplied to generate a second magnetic control flow over said magnetic core, wherein said second magnetic control flow has an opposite direction to said first magnetic control flow; wherein said first and second magnetic control flows form said magnetic distortion field.
5. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque dicho primer par de agujeros y dicho segundo par de agujeros están adyacentes.5. The transformer of claim 4, characterized in that said first pair of holes and said second pair of holes are adjacent.
6. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque dicho primer devanado de control tiene al menos una espira.6. The transformer of claim 4, characterized in that said first control winding has at least one turn.
7. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque dicho segundo devanado de control tiene al menos una espira.7. The transformer of claim 4, characterized in that said second control winding has at least one turn.
8. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicha corriente principal es corriente alterna.8. The transformer of claim 1, characterized in that said main current is alternating current.
9. El transformador de Ia reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicha corriente de control es corriente alterna o corriente continua. 9. The transformer of claim 1, characterized in that said control current is alternating current or direct current.
10. Un método para ajustar Ia tensión eléctrica en un transformador de tensión eléctrica controlada formado por un núcleo magnético, al menos un devanado primario, al menos un devanado secundario, y al menos un generador de campo de distorsión magnética, dicho método comprende los pasos de: suministrar una corriente principal a dicho devanado primario para generar un flujo magnético principal sobre un núcleo magnético; en donde dicho método se caracteriza por incluir los pasos de: detectar Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento de dicho transformador; y generar al menos un campo de distorsión magnética en dicho núcleo magnético, bajo Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida, tal que dicho campo de distorsión magnética se combina con dicho flujo magnético principal generando una distorsión de éste, logrando un cambio en Ia reluctancia de dicho núcleo magnético y de esta manera un cambio en Ia tensión eléctrica de salida de dicho transformador.10. A method for adjusting the electrical voltage in a controlled electrical voltage transformer formed by a magnetic core, at least one primary winding, at least one secondary winding, and at least one magnetic distortion field generator, said method comprises the steps of: supplying a main current to said primary winding to generate a main magnetic flux on a magnetic core; wherein said method is characterized by including the steps of: detecting the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of said transformer; and generating at least one magnetic distortion field in said magnetic core, under the detection of the required electrical output voltage, such that said magnetic distortion field is combined with said main magnetic flux generating a distortion thereof, achieving a change in the reluctance of said magnetic core and in this way a change in the electrical output voltage of said transformer.
11. El método de Ia reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicho núcleo magnético es de tipo columna o acorazado.11. The method of claim 10, characterized in that said magnetic core is of the column or armored type.
12. El método de Ia reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicho campo de distorsión magnética está ubicado en una posición relativa en dicho núcleo magnético que permite mantener el equilibrio magnético de éste para asegurar tensiones eléctricas de salida balanceadas.12. The method of claim 10, characterized in that said magnetic distortion field is located in a relative position in said magnetic core that allows maintaining its magnetic balance to ensure balanced electrical output voltages.
13. El método de Ia reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque dicho el paso de generar al menos un campo de distorsión magnética en dicho núcleo magnético, bajo Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida, comprende los pasos de: suministrar una corriente de control, a un primer devanado de control arrollado en un primer par de agujeros en dicho núcleo magnético, para generar un primer flujo magnético de control sobre el núcleo magnético; y suministrar una corriente de control simultanea, a un segundo devanado de control arrollado en un segundo par de agujeros en dicho núcleo magnético, para generar un segundo flujo magnético de control sobre dicho núcleo magnético, en donde dicho segundo flujo magnético de control tiene una dirección opuesta a dicho primer flujo magnético de control; en donde dicho corriente de control suministrada al primer y segundo devanados tiene una intensidad que varia en relación con Ia detección de Ia tensión eléctrica de salida requerida en relación con Ia carga de funcionamiento de dicho transformador y donde dichos primer y segundo flujos magnéticos de control forman dicho campo de distorsión magnética.13. The method of claim 10, characterized in that said step of generating at least one magnetic distortion field in said magnetic core, under the detection of the required electrical output voltage, comprises the steps of: supplying a control current, to a first control winding wound in a first pair of holes in said magnetic core, to generate a first magnetic control flow over the magnetic core; and supplying a simultaneous control current, to a second control winding wound in a second pair of holes in said magnetic core, to generate a second magnetic control flow over said magnetic core, wherein said second magnetic control flow has a direction opposite to said first magnetic control flow; wherein said control current supplied to the first and second windings has an intensity that varies in relation to the detection of the required electrical output voltage in relation to the operating load of said transformer and where said first and second magnetic control flows form said magnetic distortion field.
14. El método de Ia reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque dicho primer par de agujeros y dicho segundo par de agujeros están adyacentes.14. The method of claim 13, characterized in that said first pair of holes and said second pair of holes are adjacent.
15. El método de Ia reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque dicho primer devanado de control tiene al menos una espira.15. The method of claim 13, characterized in that said first control winding has at least one turn.
16. El método de Ia reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque dicho segundo devanado de control tiene al menos una espira.16. The method of claim 13, characterized in that said second control winding has at least one turn.
17. El método de Ia reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque dicha corriente de control es corriente alterna o corriente continua. 17. The method of claim 13, characterized in that said control current is alternating current or direct current.
PCT/MX2008/000018 2007-02-12 2008-02-12 Transformer for controlled electric voltage and method for adjusting electric voltage WO2008100127A1 (en)

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MXMX/A/2007/001732A MX2007001732A (en) 2007-02-12 Transformer for controlled electric voltage and method for adjusting electric voltage

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WO2017015378A1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska Electromagnetic power converter
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