WO2008099021A1 - Dibenzodiazepinones useful as hepatitis c virus inhibitors - Google Patents

Dibenzodiazepinones useful as hepatitis c virus inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008099021A1
WO2008099021A1 PCT/EP2008/051904 EP2008051904W WO2008099021A1 WO 2008099021 A1 WO2008099021 A1 WO 2008099021A1 EP 2008051904 W EP2008051904 W EP 2008051904W WO 2008099021 A1 WO2008099021 A1 WO 2008099021A1
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Prior art keywords
het
optionally substituted
alkyl
aryl
group
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PCT/EP2008/051904
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French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Jean-Marie Bernard Raboisson
Origène NYANGUILE
Koen Vandyck
David Mc Gowan
Sandrine Vendeville
Stefaan Julien Last
Jean-François BONFANTI
Anne-Sophie Helene Marie Rebstock
Jérôme Michel Claude FORTIN
Philippe Muller
Frédéric Marc Maurice DOUBLET
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Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
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Publication of WO2008099021A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008099021A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with dibenzodiazepinones having inhibitory activity on the replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It further concerns compositions comprising these compounds as active ingredients as well as processes for preparing these compounds and compositions.
  • HCV hepatitis C virus
  • HCV Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and has become a focus of considerable medical research.
  • HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses in the hepacivirus genus, and is closely related to the flavivirus genus, which includes a number of viruses implicated in human disease, such as dengue virus and yellow fever virus, and to the animal pestivirus family, which includes bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV).
  • BVDV bovine viral diarrhoea virus
  • HCV is a positive-sense, single- stranded RNA virus, with a genome of around 9,600 bases.
  • the genome comprises both 5' and 3' untranslated regions that adopt RNA secondary structures, and a central open reading frame that encodes a single polyprotein of around 3,010-3,030 amino acids.
  • the polyprotein encodes ten gene products, which are generated from the precursor polyprotein by an orchestrated series of co- and posttranslational endoproteolytic cleavages mediated by both host and viral proteases.
  • the viral structural proteins include the core nucleocapsid protein, and two envelope glycoproteins El and E2.
  • the non- structural (NS) proteins encode some essential viral enzymatic functions (helicase, polymerase, protease), as well as proteins of unknown function.
  • Replication of the viral genome is mediated by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, encoded by non-structural protein 5b (NS5B).
  • NS5B non-structural protein 5b
  • the viral helicase and protease functions both encoded in the bifunctional NS3 protein, have been shown to be essential for replication of HCV RNA.
  • HCV also encodes a metalloproteinase in the NS2 region.
  • HCV replicates preferentially in hepatocytes but is not directly cytopathic, leading to persistent infection. In particular, the lack of a vigorous T-lymphocyte response and the high propensity of the virus to mutate appear to promote a high rate of chronic infection.
  • HCV type 1 is the predominant genotype in the US and Europe. For instance, HCV type 1 accounts for 70 to 75 percent of all HCV infections in the United States.
  • the extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV has important diagnostic and clinical implications, perhaps explaining difficulties in vaccine development and the lack of response to therapy. An estimated 170 million persons worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).
  • HCV hepatitis C virus
  • liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)
  • HCC hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection is responsible for about 10,000 deaths per year in the U.S.A. alone, and is the leading cause for liver transplantations.
  • Transmission of HCV can occur through contact with contaminated blood or blood products, for example following blood transfusion or intravenous drug use.
  • the introduction of diagnostic tests used in blood screening has led to a downward trend in post-transfusion HCV incidence.
  • the existing infections will continue to present a serious medical and economic burden for decades (Kim, W.R. Hepatology, 36, 5 Suppl. S30-S34, 2002).
  • HCV therapies are based on (pegylated) interferon-alpha (IFN- ⁇ ) in combination with ribavirin.
  • This combination therapy yields a sustained viro logic response in more than 40% of patients infected by genotype 1 viruses and about 80% of those infected by genotypes 2 and 3.
  • combination therapy has significant side effects and is poorly tolerated in many patients. For instance, in registration trials of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, significant side effects resulted in discontinuation of treatment in approximately 10 to 14 percent of patients.
  • Major side effects of combination therapy include influenza- like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • the development of more effective, convenient and tolerated treatments is a major public health objective. Thus, the treatment of this chronic disease is an unmet clinical need, since current therapy is only partially effective and limited by undesirable side effects.
  • NIs nucleoside inhibitors
  • NNIs non-nucleoside inhibitors
  • the present invention concerns inhibitors of HCV replication, which can be represented by formula (I):
  • each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het;
  • each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, C 1-6 alkyl, or both R 4a and R 4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl;
  • R 8 is Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl, di(Ci_ 3 alkyl)amino, or aryl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3_7Cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C 2 _6alkenyl; C 2 _6alkynyl; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthy
  • R 8 is d- ⁇ alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
  • Ci_6alkylthio Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -SO 2 NH 2 , and pyrrolyl;
  • the invention further relates to methods for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I), the iV-oxides, quaternary amines, salts, hydrates, solvates, metal complexes, prodrugs, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, their intermediates, and the use of the intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of formula (I).
  • the invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) per se, the iV-oxides, salts, hydrates, solvates, quaternary amines, metal complexes, prodrugs, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for use as a medicament.
  • the invention relates to the compounds of formula (J) per se, the iV-oxides, salts, hydrates, solvates, quaternary amines, metal complexes, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for treating hepatitis C.
  • the invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a carrier and an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as specified herein.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise combinations of the aforementioned compounds with other anti-HCV agents.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may comprise combinations of the aforementioned compounds with anti- HIV agents.
  • the invention further relates to the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions for administration to a subject suffering from HCV infection.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), or a JV-oxide, salt, hydrate, solvate, quaternary amine, metal complex, prodrug, or stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting HCV replication.
  • the invention relates to a method of inhibiting HCV replication in a warm-blooded animal said method comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a prodrug, iV-oxide, salt, hydrate, solvate, quaternary amine, metal complex, or stereochemically isomeric forms thereof.
  • halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Ci_4alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as for example methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-l-yl, but-2-yl, isobutyl, 2-methylprop- 1-yl;
  • Ci_ 3 alkyl as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as for example methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl;
  • Ci_ 6 alkyl encompasses Ci_ 3 alkyl and Ci_ 4 alkyl radicals and the higher homologues thereof having 5 or 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl, pent-3-yl, hex-l-yl, hex-2-yl, 2-methylbut-l-yl
  • C2-6alkenyl refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon- carbon double bonds.
  • Examples of C 2 - 6 alkenyl groups are ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and its isomers, 2-hexenyl and its isomers, 2,4-pentadienyl and the like.
  • polyhaloCi- ⁇ alkyl refers to a Ci_ 6 alkyl radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more halogens as defined above.
  • Non- limiting examples of such polyhalo- C i_ 6 alkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1-bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl.
  • Cycloalkyl is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
  • Ci_6alkoxy or "Ci_6alkyloxy” as a group or part of a group refers to a radical having the Formula -OR a wherein R a is Ci_ 6 alkyl as defined above.
  • suitable Ci_6alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy.
  • Suitable Ci_4alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, and tert-butoxy.
  • polyhaloCi- ⁇ alkoxy refers to a Ci_6alkoxy radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more halogens as defined above.
  • Non- limiting examples of such polyhaloCi- ⁇ alkoxy radicals include chloromethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy.
  • the carbon atom to which the oxo is linked is a saturated carbon.
  • Non-limiting examples of Ci_ 6 alkylsulfonyl groups include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl, and hexylsulfonyl.
  • Ci_6alkylthio refers to a group consisting of a sulfur atom attached to a Ci_6alkyl group.
  • Non- limiting examples of Ci_6alkylthio groups include methylthio (SCH 3 ), ethylthio (SCH 2 CH 3 ), n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, te/t-butylthio, and the like.
  • radical positions on any molecular moiety used in the definitions may be anywhere on such moiety as long as it is chemically stable.
  • Radicals used in the definitions of the variables include all possible isomers unless otherwise indicated.
  • piperidinyl includes piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, and piperidin-4-yl
  • pentyl includes pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl and pent-3-yl.
  • each definition is independent.
  • the term "compounds of formula (I)”, or “the present compounds” or similar terms it is meant to include the compounds of formula (I), their prodrugs, JV-oxides, salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes, and stereochemically isomeric forms.
  • One embodiment comprises the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, as well as the JV-oxides, salts, as the possible stereoisomeric forms thereof.
  • Another embodiment comprises the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, as well as the salts as the possible stereoisomeric forms thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may have one or more centers of chirality and may exist as stereochemically isomeric forms.
  • stereochemically isomeric forms as used herein defines all the possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which the compounds of formula (I) may possess.
  • the chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms, which said compound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound. All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of the present invention both in pure form or mixed with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
  • stereoisomerically pure concerns compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of at least 80% (i.e. minimum 90% of one isomer and maximum 10% of the other possible isomers) up to a stereoisomeric excess of 100% (i.e.
  • enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with optically active acids or bases. Examples thereof are tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid and camphosulfonic acid.
  • enantiomers may be separated by chromatographic techniques using chiral stationary phases.
  • Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
  • said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
  • the diastereomeric racemates of the compounds of formula (I) can be obtained separately by conventional methods.
  • Appropriate physical separation methods that may advantageously be employed are, for example, selective crystallization and chromatography, e.g. column chromatography.
  • the absolute stereochemical configuration was not experimentally determined.
  • a person skilled in the art is able to determine the absolute configuration of such compounds using art-known methods such as, for example, X-ray diffraction.
  • the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II) and (III).
  • preferred configuration has Formula (II).
  • isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
  • isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
  • isotopes of carbon include C- 13 and C- 14.
  • prodrug as used throughout this text means the pharmacologically acceptable derivatives such as esters, amides and phosphates, such that the resulting in vivo biotransformation product of the derivative is the active drug as defined in the compounds of formula (I).
  • Prodrugs preferably have excellent aqueous solubility, increased bioavailability and are readily metabolized into the active inhibitors in vivo.
  • Prodrugs of a compound of the present invention may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either by routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
  • esters for carboxy include Ci_6alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxy-methyl, Ci_ 6 alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, C 3 _ 8 CycloalkoxycarbonyloxyCi_ 6 alkyl esters for example
  • An in vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the formula (I) containing a hydroxy group includes inorganic esters such as phosphate esters and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group.
  • inorganic esters such as phosphate esters and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group.
  • ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxy-methoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy-methoxy.
  • a selection of in vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include alkanoyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), dialkylcarbamoyl and N-(dialkylaminoethyl)-N-alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates), dialkylaminoacetyl and carboxy acetyl.
  • substituents on benzoyl include morpholino and piperazino linked from a ring nitrogen atom via a methylene group to the 3- or 4-position of the benzoyl ring.
  • salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the counter-ion is pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • salts of acids and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. All salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not are included within the ambit of the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and base addition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can conveniently be obtained by treating the base form with such appropriate acid.
  • Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic (i.e. ethanedioic), malonic, succinic (i.e.
  • butanedioic acid maleic, fumaric, malic (i.e. hydroxybutanedioic acid), tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, /?-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, / ⁇ -aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
  • salt forms can be converted by treatment with an appropriate base into the free base form.
  • the compounds of formula (I) containing an acidic proton may also be converted into their non-toxic metal or amine addition salt forms by treatment with appropriate organic and inorganic bases.
  • Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, JV-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like.
  • quaternary amine as used hereinbefore defines the quaternary ammonium salts which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form by reaction between a basic nitrogen of a compound of formula (I) and an appropriate quaternizing agent, such as, for example, an optionally substituted alkylhalide, arylhalide or arylalkylhalide, e.g. methyliodide or benzyliodide.
  • Other reactants with good leaving groups may also be used, such as alkyl trifluoromethanesulfonates, alkyl methanesulfonates, and alkyl p-toluenesulfonates.
  • a quaternary amine has a positively charged nitrogen.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable counterions include chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoroacetate and acetate. The counterion of choice can be introduced using ion exchange resins.
  • iV-oxide forms of the present compounds are meant to comprise the compounds of formula (I) wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called iV-oxide.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may have metal binding, chelating, complex forming properties and therefore may exist as metal complexes or metal chelates. Such metalated derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is N and Y is N.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is CH and Y is N.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is N and Y is CH.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; preferably R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C 3 _ 7 Cyclo- alkyl; aryl; or Het; more preferably R 3 is aryl; or Het; yet more preferably R 3 is aryl; each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, C 1-6 alkyl, or both R 4a and R 4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl; preferably each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, C ⁇ alkyl, R 5 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_ 6 alkyl, oxo, -OR 9 , -C
  • each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen; or Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 8 is Ci_ 6 alkyl, C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl, di(Ci_ 3 alkyl)amino, or aryl; preferably R 8 is Ci_ 6 alkyl, or aryl; more preferably R 8 is Ci_6alkyl; R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3_7Cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C 2 -6alkenyl; C 2 -6alkynyl;
  • Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR 9 ; -NR 10a R 10b ; -CN; d_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with -OR 9 , or phenyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_ 6 alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; more preferably Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bi
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, d ⁇ alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 6 is Ci_ 6 alkyl; each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; C 3 _ 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, amino, or pyrazolyl;
  • Ci_ 6 alkylcarbonyl, Ci_ 6 alkylthio, Ci_ 6 alkylsulfonyl, and -S( O) 2 NH 2 ;
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 4a and R 4b have the same meaning as that defined above.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, and Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with pyrazolyl; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi- ⁇ alkyl, cyano, C h alky!, -OR 9 , Ci_ 6 alkylcarbonyl, and Ci_ 6 alkylsulfonyl; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 10 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply: (a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N; (b) R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (e) each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with Ci_ 6 alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C 2 _ 6 alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; (k) aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or
  • Ci_ 6 alkylcarbonyl, Ci_ 6 alkylthio, Ci_ 6 alkylsulfonyl, -S ( O) 2 NH 2 , and pyrrolyl;
  • each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
  • R 3 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
  • each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 6 is d-ealkyl;
  • each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply: (a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino
  • R is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C 3 _ 7 Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (e) each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen or Ci_ 6 alkyl;
  • R 9 is hydrogen; Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with pyrazolyl; C 2 - 6 alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo;
  • aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi- ⁇ alkyl, cyano, C ⁇ aUcyl, -OR 9 , Ci_ 6 alkylcarbonyl, and Ci_ 6 alkylsulfonyl;
  • Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 10 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein
  • each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
  • R 1 is hydrogen;
  • R 3 is C 3 - 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het;
  • each R 4a and R 4b is, independently, Ci_ 6 alkyl
  • each R 7a and R 7b is, independently, hydrogen;
  • R 9 is Ci_ 6 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl;
  • aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, Ci_ 6 alkyl, and -OR 9 ;
  • Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II-a) and (III-a).
  • preferred configuration has Formula (II-a),
  • the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II -b) and (III-b).
  • preferred configuration has Formula (II-b),
  • compounds of Formula I or any subgroup thereof that in the inhibition assays described below have an inhibition value of less than 100 ⁇ M, preferably less than 50 ⁇ M, more preferably less than 10 ⁇ M, preferably less than 5 ⁇ M, even more preferably less than l ⁇ M preferably less than 100 nM, and in particular less than 10 nM, as determined by a suitable assay, such as the assays used in the Examples below.
  • interesting compounds according to the present invention are compound nr. 5 , compound nr. 6 , compound nr. 23, compound nr. 25, compound nr. 17, compound nr. 15, compound nr. 27, compound nr. 29, compound nr. 35, compound nr. 36, compound nr. 52, compound nr. 53, compound nr. 54, compound nr. 73, compound nr. 85, compound nr. 86, compound nr. 87, compound nr. 89, compound nr. 90, compound nr. 91, compound nr. 92, compound nr. 93, compound nr. 107, compound nr. 121, compound nr.
  • Starting material (1-1) is commercially available (see for instance Sigma Aldrich catalogue nr D7148 for 3,4-diaminopyridine; Chemos GmBH catalogue nr 140509 for 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine; and other suppliers for pyrimidine-4,5-diamine or pyridine-2,3,4-triamine); or can be synthesized following art-known procedures.
  • 1-1 or 1-12 may be prepared according to the procedure provided in Scheme 2 below.
  • Intermediate (1-3) may then be reacted with an aldehyde of formula R 3 -CHO (1-5). Such reaction occurs in the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid, and in an appropriate solvent.
  • an acid such as acetic acid
  • Step 1-8 -> 1-9
  • the starting material (1-8 for instance 3-nitro-pyridine-2,4-diol, which is commercially available, may be reacted with a chlorinating agent such as a chlorine-liberating compound from the group of thionylchloride, PCI5, PCI3, and POCI3.
  • a chlorinating agent such as a chlorine-liberating compound from the group of thionylchloride, PCI5, PCI3, and POCI3.
  • Step 1-9 I-10 -> I-l l
  • Intermediate 1-11 may be then submitted to a catalytic hydrogenation to cleave the benzyl moieties.
  • the hydrogenation is carried out with a suitable catalyst, and in a solvent.
  • the catalyst may be selected from palladium on charcoal, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, palladium hydroxide, or palladium hydroxide on charcoal.
  • the solvent may be selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), (methyl)(isobutyl)ketone, Ci-4alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof.
  • Compound of formula (1-6), which is itself an intermediate as well, is acylated with an acid or an activated acid such as acyl anhydride or acyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable solvent, in order to acylate the amines thereby forming amides.
  • an acid or an activated acid such as acyl anhydride or acyl chloride
  • a suitable solvent in order to acylate the amines thereby forming amides.
  • this reaction is conducted in presence of a base.
  • the acid can be activated in situ with a coupling agent such as EDC/HOBT, HATU, and the like.
  • the acyl chloride can be activated in situ with DMAP and the like.
  • the suitable solvent for the acylation reaction may be selected from pyridine, dichloromethane, chloroform, THF, and DMF.
  • Compound of formula (1-6) may then be reacted with an isocyanate of formula (1-14), thereby affording compound of formula (1-15).
  • an isocyanate is used, a compound of formula (1-15) wherein R 7b represents a hydrogen is obtained.
  • Such reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), (methyl)(isobutyl)ketone, C ⁇ alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof.
  • a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), (methyl)(isobutyl)ketone, C ⁇ alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof.
  • a base such as an alkali or alkaline metal hydride such as LiH or sodium hydride, or alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium or potassium methoxide or ethoxide, potassium ter t-butoxide, in an inert solvent like a dipolar aprotic solvent, e.g. DMA, DMF, THF, and the like.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be converted to the corresponding JV-oxide forms following art-known procedures for converting a trivalent nitrogen into its iV-oxide form.
  • Said JV-oxidation reaction may generally be carried out by reacting the starting material of formula (I) with an appropriate organic or inorganic peroxide.
  • Appropriate inorganic peroxides comprise, for example, hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal or earth alkaline metal peroxides, e.g. sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide;
  • appropriate organic peroxides may comprise peroxy acids such as, for example, benzenecarbo- peroxoic acid or halo substituted benzenecarboperoxoic acid, e.g.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, water, lower alcohols, e.g. ethanol and the like, hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, ketones, e.g. 2-butanone, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. dichloromethane, and mixtures of such solvents.
  • Diastereomers may be separated by physical methods such as selective crystallization and chromatographic techniques, e.g., counter-current distribution, liquid chromatography and the like.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be obtained as racemic mixtures of enantiomers which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures.
  • the racemic compounds of formula (I), which are sufficiently basic or acidic may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid, respectively chiral base. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali or acid.
  • An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) involves liquid chromatography, in particular liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase.
  • Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically.
  • said compound may be synthesized by stereospecif ⁇ c methods of preparation. These methods may advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
  • the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as specified herein, or a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a therapeutically effective amount in this context is an amount sufficient to prophylactically act against, to stabilize or to reduce viral infection, and in particular HCV viral infection, in infected subjects or subjects being at risk of being infected.
  • this invention relates to a process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition as specified herein, which comprises intimately mixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein.
  • compositions of the present invention may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes.
  • compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs.
  • an effective amount of the particular compound, optionally in salt form or metal complex, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration.
  • These pharmaceutical compositions are desirable in unitary dosage form suitable, particularly, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection.
  • any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules, and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed.
  • the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included.
  • Injectable solutions may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution.
  • Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations.
  • the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not introduce a significant deleterious effect on the skin.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be administered via oral inhalation or insufflation by means of methods and formulations employed in the art for administration via this way.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered to the lungs in the form of a solution, a suspension or a dry powder, a solution being preferred. Any system developed for the delivery of solutions, suspensions or dry powders via oral inhalation or insufflation are suitable for the administration of the present compounds.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation through the mouth comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation through the mouth comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the compounds of the present invention are administered via inhalation of a solution in nebulized or aerosolized doses.
  • Unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
  • unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
  • Viral infections and their associated diseases treatable using the compounds and methods of the present invention include those infections brought on by HCV and other pathogenic flaviviruses such as Yellow fever, Dengue fever (types 1-4), St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray valley encephalitis, West Nile virus and Kunjin virus.
  • the diseases associated with HCV include progressive liver fibrosis, inflammation and necrosis leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and HCC; and for the other pathogenic flaviviruses the diseases include yellow fever, dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis.
  • the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, their prodrugs, JV-oxides, salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms are useful in the treatment of individuals experiencing a viral infection, particularly a HCV infection, and for the prophylaxis of these infections.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of warm-blooded animals infected with viruses, in particular flaviviruses such as HCV.
  • the compounds of the present invention or any subgroup thereof may therefore be used as medicines.
  • Said use as a medicine or method of treatment comprises the systemic administration to virally infected subjects or to subjects susceptible to viral infections of an amount effective to combat the conditions associated with the viral infection, in particular the HCV infection.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the present compounds or any subgroup thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or the prevention of viral infections, particularly HCV infection.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a method of treating a warm-blooded animal infected by a virus, or being at risk of infection by a virus, in particular by HCV, said method comprising the administration of an anti- virally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I), as specified herein.
  • the present invention also concerns combinations of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, as specified herein with other anti-HCV agents.
  • the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least one anti-HCV agent.
  • the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least two anti-HCV agents.
  • the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least three anti-HCV agents.
  • the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least four anti-HCV agents.
  • combination of previously known anti-HCV compound such as, for instance, interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ), pegylated interferon- ⁇ , ribavirin or a combination thereof, and a compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicine in a combination therapy.
  • the term "combination therapy” relates to a product containing mandatory (a) a compound of formula (I), and (b) at least one other anti-HCV compound, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treatment of HCV infections, in particular, in the treatment of infections with HCV.
  • Anti-HCV compounds encompass agents selected from HCV polymerase inhibitors, R-7128, MK-0608, VCH759, PF-868554, GS9190, NM283, valopicitabine, PSI-6130, XTL-2125, NM-107, R7128 (R4048), GSK625433, R803, R-1626, BILB-1941, HCV- 796, JTK-109 and JTK-003, benzimidazole derivatives, benzo-l,2,4-thiadiazine derivatives, phenylalanine derivatives, A-831 and A-689; HCV proteases (NS2-NS3 and NS3-NS4A) inhibitors, the compounds of WO02/18369 (see, e.g., page 273, lines 9-22 and page 274, line 4 to page 276, line 11), BI-1335, TMC435350, MK70009, ITMN-191, BILN-2061, VX-950, BILN-2065, BMS
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be co-administered in combination with for instance, interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ), pegylated interferon- ⁇ , ribavirin or a combination thereof, as well as therapeutics based on antibodies targeted against HCV epitopes, small interfering RNA (si RNA), ribozymes, DNAzymes, antisense RNA, small molecule antagonists of for instance NS3 protease, NS3 helicase and NS5B polymerase.
  • IFN- ⁇ interferon- ⁇
  • pegylated interferon- ⁇ ribavirin or a combination thereof
  • therapeutics based on antibodies targeted against HCV epitopes small interfering RNA (si RNA), ribozymes, DNAzymes, antisense RNA, small molecule antagonists of for instance NS3 protease, NS3 helicase and NS5B polymerase.
  • si RNA small interfering RNA
  • the combinations of the present invention may be used as medicaments. Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting HCV activity in a mammal infected with HCV viruses, wherein said medicament is used in a combination therapy, said combination therapy preferably comprising a compound of formula (I) and at least one other HCV inhibitory compound, e.g. IFN- ⁇ , pegylated IFN- ⁇ , ribavirin or a combination thereof.
  • a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting HCV activity in a mammal infected with HCV viruses, wherein said medicament is used in a combination therapy, said combination therapy preferably comprising a compound of formula (I) and at least one other HCV inhibitory compound, e.g. IFN- ⁇ , pegylated IFN- ⁇ , ribavirin or a combination thereof.
  • HIV infection appears to adversely affect all stages of HCV infection, leading to increased viral persistence and accelerated progression of HCV-related liver disease.
  • HCV infection may affect the management of HIV infection, increasing the incidence of liver toxicity caused by antiviral medications.
  • the present invention therefore also concerns combinations of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with anti-HIV agents. Also, the combination of one or more additional anti-HIV compounds and a compound of Formula (I) can be used as a medicine.
  • combination therapy also encompasses a product comprising (a) a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, and (b) at least one anti-HIV compound, and (c) optionally at least one other anti-HCV compound, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treatment of HCV and HIV infections, in particular, in the treatment of infections with HCV and HIV.
  • the present invention also relates to a product containing (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, and (b) one or more additional anti- HIV compounds, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in anti-HCV and anti-HIV treatment.
  • the different drugs may be combined in a single preparation together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • Said other anti- HIV compounds may be any known antiretroviral compounds such as suramine, pentamidine, thymopentin, castanospermine, dextran (dextran sulfate), foscarnet- sodium (trisodium phosphono formate); nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), e.g.
  • NRTIs non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • NcRTIs nucleotide-competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • TAT-inhibitors e.g. RO-5-3335, BI-201, and the like
  • REV inhibitors e.g. RO-5-3335, BI-201, and the like
  • protease inhibitors e.g.
  • ritonavir RTV
  • SQV saquinavir
  • ABT-378 or LPV indinavir
  • IDV amprenavir
  • VX-478 TMC 126
  • nelfmavir AG-- 1343
  • BMS 232,632 darunavir
  • TMCl 14 fosamprenavir
  • GW433908 or VX-175 brecanavir
  • GW-640385 e.g.
  • enfuvirtide T-20
  • attachment inhibitors and co-receptor inhibitors the latter comprise the CCR5 antagonists (e.g. ancriviroc, CCR5mAb004, maraviroc (UK-427,857), PRO-140, TAK-220, TAK-652, vicriviroc (SCH-D, SCH-417,690)) and CXR4 antagonists (e.g.
  • entry inhibitors are PRO-542, TNX-355, BMS-488,043, BlockAide/CRTM, FP 21399, hNMOl, nonakine, VGV-I; a maturation inhibitor for example is PA-457; inhibitors of the viral integrase e.g. raltegravir (MK-0518), elvitegravir (JTK-303, GS-9137), BMS-538,158; ribozymes; immunomodulators; monoclonal antibodies; gene therapy; vaccines; siRNAs; antisense RNAs; microbicides; Zinc-finger inhibitors.
  • HCV infected patients also suffering from conditions associated with HIV or even other pathogenic retroviruses, such as AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC), progressive generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), as well as chronic CNS diseases caused by retroviruses, such as, for example HIV mediated dementia and multiple sclerosis, can conveniently be treated with the present composition.
  • retroviruses such as AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC), progressive generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), as well as chronic CNS diseases caused by retroviruses, such as, for example HIV mediated dementia and multiple sclerosis.
  • compositions may be formulated into suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms such as the dosage forms described above.
  • Each of the active ingredients may be formulated separately and the formulations may be co-administered or one formulation containing both and if desired further active ingredients may be provided.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from the combination of the specified ingredients.
  • therapeutically effective amount means that amount of active compound or component or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought, in the light of the present invention, by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease being treated. Since the instant invention refers as well to combinations comprising two or more agents, the "therapeutically effective amount” in the context of combinations is also that amount of the agents taken together so that the combined effect elicits the desired biological or medicinal response.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising (a) the compound of formula (I) and (b) another anti-HCV agent, would be the amount of the compound of formula (I) and the amount of the other anti-HCV agent that when taken together have a combined effect that is therapeutically effective.
  • an antiviral effective daily amount would be from 0.01 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing 1 to 1000 mg, and in particular 5 to 200 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
  • the exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention. The effective daily amount ranges mentioned hereinabove are therefore only guidelines.
  • an article of manufacture comprising a composition effective to treat an HCV infection or to inhibit the NS5B polymerase of HCV; and packaging material comprising a label which indicates that the composition can be used to treat infection by the hepatitis C virus; wherein the composition comprises a compound of the formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, or the combination as described herein.
  • kits or containers comprising a compound of the formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, in an amount effective for use as a standard or reagent in a test or assay for determining the ability of potential pharmaceuticals to inhibit HCV NS5B polymerase, HCV growth, or both.
  • This aspect of the invention may find its use in pharmaceutical research programs.
  • the compounds and combinations of the present invention can be used in high-throughput target-analyte assays such as those for measuring the efficacy of said combination in HCV treatment.
  • Example 1 synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexa- hydro3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzo
  • Example 2 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (5)
  • the racemic mixture (5) was separated by chiral SFC (supercritical fluid chromatography; Chiralpack AD, eluent: CO 2 /20% CH 3 OH), yielding 0.03 g of (10R)-11-acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5 ,6,7,8, 10,11 -hexahydro-3 ,5 , 11 -triaza- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-9-one (6) and 0.03 g of (10S)- 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10, 11 -hexahydro-3, 5,11 -triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten- 9-one (7).
  • Example 7 (IQi?)- 11 -acetyl- 10-[4-(2 -bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyll-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5, l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (15) and (1(XS)- 11 -acetyl- 10-r4-(2-bromo-phenoxyV2-chloro-phenyll-7.7-dimethyl-5.6.7.8.10.11- hexahydro-3,5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (16)
  • the two enantiomers, 15 and 16 were separated by chiral SFC (Chiralpack AD, eluent: CO 2 /20% CH 3 OH) from the racemic mixture (14).
  • Example 8 synthesis of 10-[4-(2-bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyl]-l l-isobutyryl- 7, 7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5, l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one an
  • Example 10 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[4-(2 -bromo-6-fluoro-phenoxy)-2-chloro- phenyll-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten- 9-one (23)
  • Example 11 synthesis of 10-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (25)
  • Example 12 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (26)
  • Example 13 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0J l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (27)
  • Example 14 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (28)
  • Example 15 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (29)
  • Example 16 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(4-allyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (30)
  • Example 17 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(isoquinolin- 1 -ylmethoxy)-phenyll-
  • Example 18 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(4-pyrazo 1-1 -yl-benzyloxy)- phenyll-7,7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10,11 -hexahydro-3, 5,11 -triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten- 9-one (32)
  • Example 19 synthesis of 4-[4-(l l-acetyl-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo-6,7,8,9J0,l l-hexahydro- SH-S ⁇ J l-triaza-dibenzora ⁇ lcyclohepten-lO-vD-S-chloro-phenoxyl-butyronitrile (33)
  • Example 36 synthesis of (2.4-dichlorophenyl)-acetaldehyde (50) A solution of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid methyl ester (2 g, 9.13 mmol) in dry CH 2 Cl 2 , under argon, was cooled to -78 0 C and diisobutylaluminium hydride 1 M in hexanes (9.13 rnL) was added drop wise. After one hour at -78 0 C no starting material was left according to TLC (thin layer chromatography) analyses. The reaction mixture was warmed up to room temperature and added slowly to a 1 N aqueous HCl solution which was stirred for 1 h at room temperature.
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • Example 53 synthesis of 4-amino-10-(4-benzyloxy-2-fluoro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzo
  • Example 54 synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (78) and 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)- 1 -hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8, 10, 11 -hexahydro- 2,4,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,d1cvclohepten-9-one (79)
  • Example 55 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzo
  • Example 56 synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,10,l l-hexa- hydro-1, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,d1cyclohepten-9-one (84)
  • Example 57 synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (85)
  • Example 58 synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- S ⁇ J ⁇ JO-hexahydro-S ⁇ J l-triaza-dibenzofa ⁇ lcyclohepten-l l-yll-S-oxo- propionitrile (86)
  • Example 60 synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- 5A7,8,9J0-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-l l-yl1-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester (88)
  • the title product 88 was prepared from compound 4 and ethyl malonyl chloride following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 86.
  • Example 61 synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- 5A7,8,9J0-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-l l-yl1-3-oxo-propionic acid (89)
  • Example 62 synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- S ⁇ J ⁇ JO-hexahydro-S ⁇ J l-triaza-dibenzofa ⁇ lcyclohepten-l l-yll-S-oxo- propionamide (90)
  • Example 63 synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-l l-isobutyryl-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (91)
  • the compounds of formula (I) were examined for inhibitory activity of HCV RNA replication in a cellular assay.
  • the assay demonstrated that the compounds of formula (I) inhibited a HCV functional cellular replicating cell line, also known as HCV replicons.
  • the cellular assay was based on a bicistronic expression construct, as described by Lohmann et al. (1999) Science vol. 285 pp. 110-113 with the modifications described by Krieger et al. (2001) Journal of Virology 75: 4614-4624, in a multi-target screening strategy. In essence, the method was as follows: The assay utilized the stably transfected cell line Huh-7 luc/neo (hereafter referred to as Huh-Luc).
  • This cell line harbors an RNA encoding a bi-cistronic expression construct comprising the wild type NS3-NS5B regions of HCV type Ib translated from an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), preceded by a reporter portion (FfL-luciferase), and a selectable marker portion (neo R , neomycine phosphotransferase).
  • IRS Internal Ribosome Entry Site
  • EMCV encephalomyocarditis virus
  • FfL-luciferase reporter portion
  • neo R neomycine phosphotransferase
  • the replicon cells were plated in 384-well plates in the presence of the test and control compounds which were added in increasing concentrations. Following an incubation of three days, HCV replication was measured by assaying luciferase activity (using standard luciferase assay substrates and reagents and a Perkin Elmer ViewLuxTM ultraHTS microplate imager). Replicon cells in the control cultures have high luciferase expression in the absence of any inhibitor. The inhibitory activity of the compounds was monitored on the Huh-Luc cells, enabling a dose-response curve to be generated for each test compound. EC50 values were then calculated, which value represents the amount of the compound required to decrease by 50% the level of detected luciferase activity, or more specifically, the ability of the genetically linked HCV replicon RNA to replicate.
  • the cDNA encoding NS5B amino acid 1-570 (HC-J4, genotype Ib, pCV-J4L6S, genebank accession number AF054247) was subcloned into the Nhe I and Xho I restriction sites of pET-21b.
  • Expression of the subsequent His-tagged C-terminal 21 amino acid deleted NS5B was performed as follows: The NS5B expression construct was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) (Novagen, Madison, WI). Five milliliter of LB-medium supplemented with ampicillin (50 ⁇ g/mL) was inoculated with one colony.
  • the pre-culture reached an optical density of 0.6 measured at 600 nm, it was transferred to fresh LB-medium supplemented with ampicillin, at a ratio of 1 :200.
  • Cells were grown to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.6, after which the expression cultures were shifted to a growth temperature of 20 0 C following induction with ispopropyl-1-thio- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside and MgCl 2 at a final concentration of 0.4 mM and 10 ⁇ M, respectively.
  • cells were harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP40, 4 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM DTT supplemented with EDTA-free Complete Protease Inhibitor (Roche, Basel, Switzerland).
  • Cell suspensions were disrupted by sonication and incubated with 10-15 mg/L of DNase I (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) for 30 minutes. Cell debris was removed through ultracentrifugation at 30,000 x g for 1 hour and clarified cell lysate was flash frozen and stored at -80 0 C prior to purification.
  • Clarified cell lysate was thawed and subsequently loaded onto a 5 mL pre-packed HisTrap FF column equilibrated with 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol and 5 mM DTT. Proteins were eluted with 500 mM imidazole at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Fractions containing the protein of interest were applied onto a pre-packed 26/10 HiPrep Desalting Column equilibrated with 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol and 5 mM DTT.
  • the buffer-exchanged NS5B peak was then applied onto a 20 mL PoIy-U Sepharose column. Protein was eluted with an increasing salt gradient and fractions collected. Protein purity was assessed on Nu-PAGE pre-cast gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Purified NS5B samples were concentrated using Centri-Prep concentrators (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA).
  • the protein sequence is as described in WO 2007/026024. CaIc. MoI. Properties 64941.4 g/mol
  • HCV NS5B polymerization activity was performed by evaluating the amount of radiolabeled GTP incorporated by the enzyme in a newly synthesized RNA using heteropolymeric RNA template/primer.
  • the RdRp assay was carried out in 384-well plates using 50 nM enzyme, 300 nM 5'-biotinylated oligo(rGi 3 )/poly(rC) primer-template, 600 nM of GTP, and 0.1 ⁇ Ci of [ 3 H]GTP in 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 25 mM KCl, 17 mM NaCl and 3 mM of DTT.
  • Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO. The test compounds were added to the preformed polymerase- template complex, and incubated at room temperature for 15 min before the addition of NTPs. The 30 ⁇ l reaction was terminated after 2h at 25°C upon addition of 30 ⁇ l streptavidin-coated SPA beads (GE Heathcare, Uppsala, Sweden 5 mg/ml in 0.5 M EDTA). After incubation at 25°C for 30 min, the plate was counted using a Packard TopCount microplate reader (30 sec/well, 1 min count delay) and IC50 values were calculated. IC50 values represent the concentration of compound required to decrease by 50% the amount of RNA produced which is measured by the detection of incorporated radiolabeled GTP.
  • Table 3 lists compounds that were prepared according to any one of the above examples. The activities of the compounds tested are also depicted in Table 3.

Abstract

Inhibitors of HCV replication of formula (I) and the stereoisomers, prodrugs, tautomers, racemics, salts, hydrates or solvates thereof, wherein X, Y, R1; R2; R3; R4a and R4b have the meaning defined in the claims. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in HCV therapy.

Description

DIBENZODIAZEPINONES USEFUL AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS
Field of the invention
The present invention is concerned with dibenzodiazepinones having inhibitory activity on the replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It further concerns compositions comprising these compounds as active ingredients as well as processes for preparing these compounds and compositions.
Background of the invention Hepatitis C virus is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and has become a focus of considerable medical research. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses in the hepacivirus genus, and is closely related to the flavivirus genus, which includes a number of viruses implicated in human disease, such as dengue virus and yellow fever virus, and to the animal pestivirus family, which includes bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). HCV is a positive-sense, single- stranded RNA virus, with a genome of around 9,600 bases. The genome comprises both 5' and 3' untranslated regions that adopt RNA secondary structures, and a central open reading frame that encodes a single polyprotein of around 3,010-3,030 amino acids. The polyprotein encodes ten gene products, which are generated from the precursor polyprotein by an orchestrated series of co- and posttranslational endoproteolytic cleavages mediated by both host and viral proteases. The viral structural proteins include the core nucleocapsid protein, and two envelope glycoproteins El and E2. The non- structural (NS) proteins encode some essential viral enzymatic functions (helicase, polymerase, protease), as well as proteins of unknown function. Replication of the viral genome is mediated by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, encoded by non-structural protein 5b (NS5B). In addition to the polymerase, the viral helicase and protease functions, both encoded in the bifunctional NS3 protein, have been shown to be essential for replication of HCV RNA. In addition to the NS3 serine protease, HCV also encodes a metalloproteinase in the NS2 region.
HCV replicates preferentially in hepatocytes but is not directly cytopathic, leading to persistent infection. In particular, the lack of a vigorous T-lymphocyte response and the high propensity of the virus to mutate appear to promote a high rate of chronic infection. There are 6 major HCV genotypes and more than 50 subtypes, which are differently distributed geographically. HCV type 1 is the predominant genotype in the US and Europe. For instance, HCV type 1 accounts for 70 to 75 percent of all HCV infections in the United States. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV has important diagnostic and clinical implications, perhaps explaining difficulties in vaccine development and the lack of response to therapy. An estimated 170 million persons worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Following the initial acute infection, a majority of infected individuals develop chronic hepatitis, which can progress to liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) (National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of Hepatitis C. Hepatology, 36, 5 Suppl. S3-S20, 2002). Liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection is responsible for about 10,000 deaths per year in the U.S.A. alone, and is the leading cause for liver transplantations. Transmission of HCV can occur through contact with contaminated blood or blood products, for example following blood transfusion or intravenous drug use. The introduction of diagnostic tests used in blood screening has led to a downward trend in post-transfusion HCV incidence. However, given the slow progression to the end-stage liver disease, the existing infections will continue to present a serious medical and economic burden for decades (Kim, W.R. Hepatology, 36, 5 Suppl. S30-S34, 2002).
Current HCV therapies are based on (pegylated) interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in combination with ribavirin. This combination therapy yields a sustained viro logic response in more than 40% of patients infected by genotype 1 viruses and about 80% of those infected by genotypes 2 and 3. Beside the limited efficacy on HCV type 1, combination therapy has significant side effects and is poorly tolerated in many patients. For instance, in registration trials of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, significant side effects resulted in discontinuation of treatment in approximately 10 to 14 percent of patients. Major side effects of combination therapy include influenza- like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The development of more effective, convenient and tolerated treatments is a major public health objective. Thus, the treatment of this chronic disease is an unmet clinical need, since current therapy is only partially effective and limited by undesirable side effects.
One area of particular focus has been the search for inhibitors of the NS5b RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Close structural homologs of this polymerase do not exist within the uninfected host cell and the finding of inhibitors of said polymerase would provide a more specific mode of action. Inhibitors which are currently under investigation can be classified as either nucleoside inhibitors (NIs) or non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs). NIs directly compete with nucleotide substrates for binding to highly conserved active sites. Greater specificity may be achieved by NNIs, which may interact outside of the highly conserved active site at a unique allosteric site common only to structurally related polymerases. Preliminary clinical trials have resulted in a high failure rate, thereby highlighting the need to pursue the search for novel NS5b inhibitors.
Summary of the invention It has been found that certain dibenzodiazepinone derivatives exhibit antiviral activity in mammals infected with HCV. These compounds are therefore useful in treating or combating HCV infections.
The present invention concerns inhibitors of HCV replication, which can be represented by formula (I):
Figure imgf000004_0001
(I)
and the stereoisomers, prodrugs, tautomers, racemics, salts, hydrates or solvates thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, C1-6alkyl, or both R4a and R4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C3_7Cycloalkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6,
-C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het;
R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3_7Cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl; R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3_7Cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2_6alkenyl; C2_6alkynyl; C3_7Cycloalkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -SO2NH2, and pyrrolyl;
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, -NR10aR10b, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; and each R1Oa and R1Ob is, independently, hydrogen, Ci_6alkyl, arylCi_6alkyl, or R1Oa and R1Ob, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-8 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, Ci_6alkyl, hydroxy, or oxo.
In one embodiment, the present invention concerns inhibitors of HCV replication of formula (I), and the salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino; R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, C1-6alkyl, or both R4a and R4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C3-7cycloalkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2_6alkenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het;
R8 is d-βalkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2_6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, nitro, d-βalkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi_6alkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl,
Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -SO2NH2, and pyrrolyl;
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, -NR10aR10b, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; and each R10aandR10b is, independently, hydrogen, Ci_6alkyl, arylCi-βalkyl, or R1Oa and R10b, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-8 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, C^alkyl, hydroxy, or oxo.
The invention further relates to methods for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I), the iV-oxides, quaternary amines, salts, hydrates, solvates, metal complexes, prodrugs, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, their intermediates, and the use of the intermediates in the preparation of the compounds of formula (I).
The invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) per se, the iV-oxides, salts, hydrates, solvates, quaternary amines, metal complexes, prodrugs, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for use as a medicament. The invention relates to the compounds of formula (J) per se, the iV-oxides, salts, hydrates, solvates, quaternary amines, metal complexes, and stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for treating hepatitis C. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a carrier and an anti-virally effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as specified herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may comprise combinations of the aforementioned compounds with other anti-HCV agents. The pharmaceutical compositions may comprise combinations of the aforementioned compounds with anti- HIV agents. The invention further relates to the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions for administration to a subject suffering from HCV infection.
The invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I), or a JV-oxide, salt, hydrate, solvate, quaternary amine, metal complex, prodrug, or stereochemically isomeric forms thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting HCV replication. Or the invention relates to a method of inhibiting HCV replication in a warm-blooded animal said method comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a prodrug, iV-oxide, salt, hydrate, solvate, quaternary amine, metal complex, or stereochemically isomeric forms thereof.
Detailed description
The present invention will now be further described. In the following passages, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
As used in the foregoing and hereinafter, the following definitions apply unless otherwise noted.
The term halo is generic to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
As used herein "Ci_4alkyl" as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as for example methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl, but-l-yl, but-2-yl, isobutyl, 2-methylprop- 1-yl; "Ci_3alkyl" as a group or part of a group defines straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms such as for example methyl, ethyl, prop-1-yl, prop-2-yl; "Ci_6alkyl" encompasses Ci_3alkyl and Ci_4alkyl radicals and the higher homologues thereof having 5 or 6 carbon atoms such as, for example, pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl, pent-3-yl, hex-l-yl, hex-2-yl, 2-methylbut-l-yl, 2-methylpent-l-yl, 2-ethylbut-l-yl, 3-methylpent-2-yl, and the like. Of interest amongst Ci_6alkyl is Ci_4alkyl.
The term "C2-6alkenyl" as a group or part of a group refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, which may be linear, or branched, comprising one or more carbon- carbon double bonds. Examples of C2-6alkenyl groups are ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and its isomers, 2-hexenyl and its isomers, 2,4-pentadienyl and the like.
The term "polyhaloCi-βalkyl" as a group or part of a group, refers to a Ci_6alkyl radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more halogens as defined above. Non- limiting examples of such polyhalo- C i_6alkyl radicals include chloromethyl, 1-bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl.
C3 yCycloalkyl is generic to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
The term "Ci_6alkoxy" or "Ci_6alkyloxy" as a group or part of a group refers to a radical having the Formula -ORa wherein Ra is Ci_6alkyl as defined above. Non-limiting examples of suitable Ci_6alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy. Suitable Ci_4alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, and tert-butoxy.
The term "polyhaloCi-βalkoxy" as a group or part of a group, refers to a Ci_6alkoxy radical having the meaning as defined above wherein one or more hydrogens are replaced with one or more halogens as defined above. Non- limiting examples of such polyhaloCi-βalkoxy radicals include chloromethoxy, 1-bromoethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy.
As used herein before, the term (=0) or oxo forms a carbonyl moiety when attached to a carbon atom, a sulfoxide moiety when attached to a sulfur atom and a sulfonyl moiety when two of said terms are attached to a sulfur atom. Whenever a ring or ring system is substituted with an oxo group, the carbon atom to which the oxo is linked is a saturated carbon.
The term "Ci_6alkylsulfonyl" as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of Formula -S(=O)2-Rb wherein Rb is Ci_6alkyl as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of Ci_6alkylsulfonyl groups include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, n-pentylsulfonyl, and hexylsulfonyl.
The term "Ci_6alkylcarbonyl" as a group or part of a group, refers to a group of Formula -C(=O)-RC, wherein Rc is as defined above for Ci_6alkyl.
The term "Ci_6alkylthio" as a group or part of a group, refers to a group consisting of a sulfur atom attached to a Ci_6alkyl group. Non- limiting examples of Ci_6alkylthio groups include methylthio (SCH3), ethylthio (SCH2CH3), n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, sec-butylthio, te/t-butylthio, and the like.
It should be noted that the radical positions on any molecular moiety used in the definitions may be anywhere on such moiety as long as it is chemically stable.
Radicals used in the definitions of the variables include all possible isomers unless otherwise indicated. For instance piperidinyl includes piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, and piperidin-4-yl; pentyl includes pent-1-yl, pent-2-yl and pent-3-yl.
When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent, each definition is independent. Whenever used hereinafter, the term "compounds of formula (I)", or "the present compounds" or similar terms, it is meant to include the compounds of formula (I), their prodrugs, JV-oxides, salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes, and stereochemically isomeric forms. One embodiment comprises the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, as well as the JV-oxides, salts, as the possible stereoisomeric forms thereof. Another embodiment comprises the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup of compounds of formula (I) specified herein, as well as the salts as the possible stereoisomeric forms thereof.
The compounds of formula (I) may have one or more centers of chirality and may exist as stereochemically isomeric forms. The term "stereochemically isomeric forms" as used herein defines all the possible compounds made up of the same atoms bonded by the same sequence of bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which the compounds of formula (I) may possess.
With reference to the instances where (R) or (S) is used to designate the absolute configuration of a chiral atom within a substituent, the designation is done taking into consideration the whole compound and not the substituent in isolation.
Unless otherwise mentioned or indicated, the chemical designation of a compound encompasses the mixture of all possible stereochemically isomeric forms, which said compound may possess. Said mixture may contain all diastereomers and/or enantiomers of the basic molecular structure of said compound. All stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of the present invention both in pure form or mixed with each other are intended to be embraced within the scope of the present invention.
Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and intermediates as mentioned herein are defined as isomers substantially free of other enantiomeric or diastereomeric forms of the same basic molecular structure of said compounds or intermediates. In particular, the term "stereoisomerically pure" concerns compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of at least 80% (i.e. minimum 90% of one isomer and maximum 10% of the other possible isomers) up to a stereoisomeric excess of 100% (i.e. 100% of one isomer and none of the other), more in particular, compounds or intermediates having a stereoisomeric excess of 90% up to 100%, even more in particular having a stereoisomeric excess of 94% up to 100% and most in particular having a stereoisomeric excess of 97% up to 100%. The terms "enantiomerically pure" and "diastereomerically pure" should be understood in a similar way, but then having regard to the enantiomeric excess, and the diastereomeric excess, respectively, of the mixture in question. Pure stereoisomeric forms of the compounds and intermediates of this invention may be obtained by the application of art-known procedures. For instance, enantiomers may be separated from each other by the selective crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with optically active acids or bases. Examples thereof are tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid and camphosulfonic acid. Alternatively, enantiomers may be separated by chromatographic techniques using chiral stationary phases. Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically. Preferably, if a specific stereoisomer is desired, said compound will be synthesized by stereospecific methods of preparation. These methods will advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
The diastereomeric racemates of the compounds of formula (I) can be obtained separately by conventional methods. Appropriate physical separation methods that may advantageously be employed are, for example, selective crystallization and chromatography, e.g. column chromatography.
For some of the compounds of formula (I), their prodrugs, iV-oxides, salts, hydrates, solvates, quaternary amines, or metal complexes, and the intermediates used in the preparation thereof, the absolute stereochemical configuration was not experimentally determined. A person skilled in the art is able to determine the absolute configuration of such compounds using art-known methods such as, for example, X-ray diffraction.
In an embodiment, the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II) and (III). In a particular embodiment, for the compounds of Formula (I) preferred configuration has Formula (II).
Figure imgf000011_0001
(H) (IH) wherein X, Y, R , R , R , R a and R , 4b have the same meaning as that defined herein. The present invention is also intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring on the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium. Isotopes of carbon include C- 13 and C- 14.
The term "prodrug" as used throughout this text means the pharmacologically acceptable derivatives such as esters, amides and phosphates, such that the resulting in vivo biotransformation product of the derivative is the active drug as defined in the compounds of formula (I). The reference by Goodman and Gilman (The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, McGraw-Hill, Int. Ed. 1992, "Biotransformation of Drugs", p 13-15) describing prodrugs generally is hereby incorporated. Prodrugs preferably have excellent aqueous solubility, increased bioavailability and are readily metabolized into the active inhibitors in vivo. Prodrugs of a compound of the present invention may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either by routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
Preferred are pharmaceutically acceptable ester prodrugs that are hydrolysable in vivo and are derived from those compounds of formula (I) having a hydroxy or a carboxyl group. An in vivo hydrolysable ester is an ester, which is hydro lyzed in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable esters for carboxy include Ci_6alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxy-methyl, Ci_6alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, C3_8CycloalkoxycarbonyloxyCi_6alkyl esters for example
1-cyclohexylcarbonyl-oxyethyl; l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl esters for example 5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl; and Ci_6alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters for example 1-methoxycarbonyl-oxy ethyl which may be formed at any carboxy group in the compounds of this invention.
An in vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of the formula (I) containing a hydroxy group includes inorganic esters such as phosphate esters and α-acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group. Examples of α-acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxy-methoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy-methoxy. A selection of in vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include alkanoyl, benzoyl, phenylacetyl and substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), dialkylcarbamoyl and N-(dialkylaminoethyl)-N-alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates), dialkylaminoacetyl and carboxy acetyl. Examples of substituents on benzoyl include morpholino and piperazino linked from a ring nitrogen atom via a methylene group to the 3- or 4-position of the benzoyl ring.
For therapeutic use, salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the counter-ion is pharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts of acids and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. All salts, whether pharmaceutically acceptable or not are included within the ambit of the present invention.
The pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base salts as mentioned hereinabove are meant to comprise the therapeutically active non-toxic acid and base addition salt forms which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form. The pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can conveniently be obtained by treating the base form with such appropriate acid. Appropriate acids comprise, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrohalic acids, e.g. hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric and the like acids; or organic acids such as, for example, acetic, propanoic, hydroxyacetic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic (i.e. ethanedioic), malonic, succinic (i.e. butanedioic acid), maleic, fumaric, malic (i.e. hydroxybutanedioic acid), tartaric, citric, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, /?-toluenesulfonic, cyclamic, salicylic, /^-aminosalicylic, pamoic and the like acids.
Conversely said salt forms can be converted by treatment with an appropriate base into the free base form.
The compounds of formula (I) containing an acidic proton may also be converted into their non-toxic metal or amine addition salt forms by treatment with appropriate organic and inorganic bases. Appropriate base salt forms comprise, for example, the ammonium salts, the alkali and earth alkaline metal salts, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium salts and the like, salts with organic bases, e.g. the benzathine, JV-methyl-D-glucamine, hydrabamine salts, and salts with amino acids such as, for example, arginine, lysine and the like.
The term "quaternary amine" as used hereinbefore defines the quaternary ammonium salts which the compounds of formula (I) are able to form by reaction between a basic nitrogen of a compound of formula (I) and an appropriate quaternizing agent, such as, for example, an optionally substituted alkylhalide, arylhalide or arylalkylhalide, e.g. methyliodide or benzyliodide. Other reactants with good leaving groups may also be used, such as alkyl trifluoromethanesulfonates, alkyl methanesulfonates, and alkyl p-toluenesulfonates. A quaternary amine has a positively charged nitrogen. Pharmaceutically acceptable counterions include chloro, bromo, iodo, trifluoroacetate and acetate. The counterion of choice can be introduced using ion exchange resins.
The iV-oxide forms of the present compounds are meant to comprise the compounds of formula (I) wherein one or several nitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called iV-oxide.
It will be appreciated that the compounds of formula (I) may have metal binding, chelating, complex forming properties and therefore may exist as metal complexes or metal chelates. Such metalated derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Some of the compounds of formula (I) may also exist in their tautomeric form. Such forms although not explicitly indicated in the above formula are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is N and Y is N.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is CH and Y is N.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein X is N and Y is CH.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; preferably R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; more preferably R2 is hydrogen, or -C(=O)-R5;
R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; preferably R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3_7Cyclo- alkyl; aryl; or Het; more preferably R3 is aryl; or Het; yet more preferably R3 is aryl; each R4a and R4b is, independently, C1-6alkyl, or both R4a and R4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C3-7cycloalkyl; preferably each R4a and R4b is, independently, C^alkyl, R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6,
-C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; preferably R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhalo Chalky!, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; more preferably R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, or aryl; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; more preferably R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, -C(=O)-OH,
-C(=O)-NR7aR7b, or aryl; C2-6alkenyl; polyhaloCi_6alkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; preferably R6 is Ci_6alkyl ; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het; preferably each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9,
-C(=O)-OR > 9y, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het; more preferably each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl;
C2-6alkenyl; aryl; or Het; yet more preferably each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; or Ci_6alkyl;
R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl; preferably R8 is Ci_6alkyl, or aryl; more preferably R8 is Ci_6alkyl; R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3_7Cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; C2-6alkynyl;
C3_7Cycloalkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; preferably R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, C3_7Cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, d^alkyl, and phenyl; more preferably R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, or two substituents each independently selected from halo, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; yet more preferably R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo substituents; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S (=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl; preferably aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl or naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, -OR9, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S(=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl; more preferably aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, -OR9, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, -NR10aR10b, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; preferably
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; d_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, or phenyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; more preferably Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9; phenyl; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; more preferably Het is selected from tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, furanyl, pyrazolyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiophenyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, isothiazolyl, wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9; phenyl; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; and each R10aandR10b is, independently, hydrogen, Ci_6alkyl, arylCi_6alkyl, or R1Oa and R10b, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-8 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, Chalky!, hydroxy, or oxo, preferably each R10aandR10b is, independently, hydrogen, or Ci_6alkyl, or R1Oa and R10b, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-6 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, Ci_6alkyl, hydroxy, or oxo; more preferably each R10aandR10b is, independently, hydrogen, or Ci_6alkyl, or R1Oa and R10b, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-6 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, or oxo.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl; R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het;
C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b,
-C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het; R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3_7Cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, d^alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi_6alkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S(=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl;
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, -OR9, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het;
C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R6 is Ci_6alkyl; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, amino, or pyrazolyl;
C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, and Ci_6alkyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi_6alkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH,
Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, and -S(=O)2NH2; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9 or -CN;-C(=O)-NH2. One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het, and wherein R1, R2, R4a and R4b have the same meaning as that defined above.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b and wherein R1, R2, R5, R7a, R7b, R4a and R4b have the same meaning as that defined above.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino; R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b;
R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, and aryl; C2-6alkenyl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen or Ci_6alkyl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, and Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Chalky!, -OR9, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, and Ci_6alkylsulfonyl; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 10 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two Ci_6alkyl substituents.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply: (a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N; (b) R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
(c) R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b;
(d) R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (e) each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
(f) R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (g) R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b,
-C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het;
(h) each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2_6alkenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het; (i) R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
(j) R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2_6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; (k) aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi_6alkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH,
Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S (=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl; (1) Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl. One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply:
(a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N; (b) R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
(c) R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b;
(d) R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
(e) each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl; (f) R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, -OR9, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (g) R6 is d-ealkyl; (h) each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
(i) R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Ci_6alkoxy, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, and Ci_6alkyl; (j) aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, and -S(=O)2NH2; (k) Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9 or -CN;-C(=O)-NH2.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein one or more of the following restrictions apply: (a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
(b) R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
(c) R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b;
(d) R is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (e) each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
(f) R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, and aryl; C2-6alkenyl; polyhaloCi_6alkyl;
C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; (g) each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen or Ci_6alkyl;
(h) R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo;
(i) aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, C^aUcyl, -OR9, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, and Ci_6alkylsulfonyl; (j) Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 10 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
One embodiment of the present invention concerns compounds of formula (I) or of any subgroup of compounds of formula (I), wherein
(a) each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
(b) R1 is hydrogen; (c) R2 is hydrogen or -C(=O)-R5;
(d) R3 is C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het;
(e) each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
(f) R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, -C(=O)-OH, and -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; polyhaloCi_6alkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; or aryl;
(g) each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; (h) R9 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl;
(i) aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, and -OR9;
(j) Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
Particular subgroups of compounds of formula (I) are those represented by the following structural formula (I-a):
Figure imgf000024_0001
(I-a)
and the salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein X, Y, R1, R2 and R3 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or in any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) specified herein.
In an embodiment, the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II-a) and (III-a). In a particular embodiment, for the compounds of Formula (I-a) preferred configuration has Formula (II-a),
Figure imgf000024_0002
wherein X, Y, R1, R2 and R3 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or in any of the subgroups thereof.
Particular subgroups of compounds of formula (I) are those represented by the following structural formula (I-b):
Figure imgf000024_0003
(I-b) and the salts and stereoisomers thereof, wherein X, Y, R2 and R3 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or in any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) specified herein.
In an embodiment, the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula (II -b) and (III-b). In a particular embodiment, for the compounds of Formula (I-b) preferred configuration has Formula (II-b),
Figure imgf000025_0001
wherein X, Y, R2 and R3 are as specified in the definitions of the compounds of formula (I) or in any of the subgroups thereof.
In the invention, particular preference is given to compounds of Formula I or any subgroup thereof, that in the inhibition assays described below have an inhibition value of less than 100 μM, preferably less than 50 μM, more preferably less than 10 μM, preferably less than 5 μM, even more preferably less than lμM preferably less than 100 nM, and in particular less than 10 nM, as determined by a suitable assay, such as the assays used in the Examples below.
Interesting compounds according to the present invention are compound nr. 5 , compound nr. 6 , compound nr. 23, compound nr. 25, compound nr. 17, compound nr. 15, compound nr. 27, compound nr. 29, compound nr. 35, compound nr. 36, compound nr. 52, compound nr. 53, compound nr. 54, compound nr. 73, compound nr. 85, compound nr. 86, compound nr. 87, compound nr. 89, compound nr. 90, compound nr. 91, compound nr. 92, compound nr. 93, compound nr. 107, compound nr. 121, compound nr. 122, compound nr. 123, compound nr. 124, compound nr. 125, compound nr. 136, compound nr. 133, compound nr. 137, compound nr. 138, compound nr. 135, compound nr. 14 and compound nr. 8.
It is to be understood that the above defined subgroups of compounds of formulae (I-a) or (I-b) as well as any other subgroup defined herein, are meant to also comprise any TV-oxides, salts, quaternary amines, prodrugs, tautomers, hydrates, solvates, metal complexes and stereo chemically isomeric forms of such compounds. Preparation of the compounds of formula (I)
The compounds of formula (I) and the salts and stereoisomers thereof of the present invention may be prepared according to Schemes 1, 2, and 3, as depicted below.
Scheme 1
Figure imgf000026_0001
-1 I-2 I-3 I-4
Figure imgf000026_0002
Step 1-1 + 1-2 -> 1-3 + 1-4 Starting material (1-1) is commercially available (see for instance Sigma Aldrich catalogue nr D7148 for 3,4-diaminopyridine; Chemos GmBH catalogue nr 140509 for 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine; and other suppliers for pyrimidine-4,5-diamine or pyridine-2,3,4-triamine); or can be synthesized following art-known procedures.
Alternatively, when R1 is amino (i.e. intermediate 1-12), 1-1 or 1-12 may be prepared according to the procedure provided in Scheme 2 below.
Starting material or intermediate (1-1) or (1-12) may be then reacted with a dimedone derivative bearing substituents R4a and R4b (1-2). Dimedone is commercially available and can be derivatized according to procedures known by the skilled person in the art. The reaction of (1-1) and (1-2) is usually carried out in a solvent selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl-tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), methyl isobutyl ketone, Ci-4alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof. The condensation of (1-1) and (1-2) is optionally performed in a Dean-Stark apparatus. Optionally, an acid or Lewis acid is added to the reaction mixture to catalyze the reaction. Isomers (1-3) and (1-4) are obtained. Step 1-3 + 1-5 -> 1-6 + 1-7
Intermediate (1-3) may then be reacted with an aldehyde of formula R3-CHO (1-5). Such reaction occurs in the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid, and in an appropriate solvent.
Isomers (1-6) and (1-7) are obtained. Intermediate (1-6) may be further reacted to introduce other R2 substituents than hydrogen, according to the procedures described below in Scheme 3.
Scheme 2
Figure imgf000027_0001
Step 1-8 -> 1-9 The starting material (1-8), for instance 3-nitro-pyridine-2,4-diol, which is commercially available, may be reacted with a chlorinating agent such as a chlorine-liberating compound from the group of thionylchloride, PCI5, PCI3, and POCI3. Intermediate (1-9) is obtained.
Step 1-9 + I-10 -> I-l l
Intermediate (1-9) may then be reacted with a benzylamine (I- 10) in a suitable solvent such as Ci_4alcohol in order to replace the chlorines by amine groups. Step l-l l -^ 1-12
Intermediate 1-11 may be then submitted to a catalytic hydrogenation to cleave the benzyl moieties. The hydrogenation is carried out with a suitable catalyst, and in a solvent.
The catalyst may be selected from palladium on charcoal, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, palladium hydroxide, or palladium hydroxide on charcoal.
The solvent may be selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), (methyl)(isobutyl)ketone, Ci-4alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof.
Intermediate (1-12) is obtained, which may be further reacted with the dimedone derivative as depicted in Scheme 1.
Scheme 3
Figure imgf000028_0001
Figure imgf000029_0001
Step 1-6 -^ 1-13: Procedure to introduce substituent -Cf=O)-R5
Compound of formula (1-6), which is itself an intermediate as well, is acylated with an acid or an activated acid such as acyl anhydride or acyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable solvent, in order to acylate the amines thereby forming amides. Optionally, this reaction is conducted in presence of a base. The acid can be activated in situ with a coupling agent such as EDC/HOBT, HATU, and the like. The acyl chloride can be activated in situ with DMAP and the like.
The suitable solvent for the acylation reaction may be selected from pyridine, dichloromethane, chloroform, THF, and DMF.
Intermediate or compound of formula (1-13) is thereby obtained.
Step 1-6 + 1-14 -> 1-15: Procedure to introduce substituent -C(=O)-NR7aR7b
Compound of formula (1-6) may then be reacted with an isocyanate of formula (1-14), thereby affording compound of formula (1-15). When an isocyanate is used, a compound of formula (1-15) wherein R7b represents a hydrogen is obtained. Alternatively, a compound of formula (1-15) is obtained by reacting a compound of formula (1-6) with phosgene or an equivalent of phosgene of formula LG-C(=O)-LG, wherein LG represents a leaving group, followed by the treatment with an amine of formula HNR7aR7b, optionally in a presence of a base. Such reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), (methyl)(isobutyl)ketone, C^alcohol, dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl t-butylether (MTBE), toluene, or any mixture thereof.
Step 1-6 + 1-16 -> 1-17: Procedure to introduce substituent -Cf=O)-OR6 Compound of formula (1-6) may be reacted with a chloro formate of formula (1-16) to introduce the desired -C(=O)-OR6 substituent. Such reaction is conveniently carried out in the presence of a base such as an alkali or alkaline metal hydride such as LiH or sodium hydride, or alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium or potassium methoxide or ethoxide, potassium ter t-butoxide, in an inert solvent like a dipolar aprotic solvent, e.g. DMA, DMF, THF, and the like.
Compounds of formula (I) may be converted into each other following art-known functional group transformation reactions. For example, amino groups may be JV-alkylated, nitro groups reduced to amino groups, a halo atom may be exchanged for another halo. The procedures described in the Examples section further provide with methods to introduce the substituents constituting the scope of the present invention.
The compounds of formula (I) may be converted to the corresponding JV-oxide forms following art-known procedures for converting a trivalent nitrogen into its iV-oxide form. Said JV-oxidation reaction may generally be carried out by reacting the starting material of formula (I) with an appropriate organic or inorganic peroxide. Appropriate inorganic peroxides comprise, for example, hydrogen peroxide, alkali metal or earth alkaline metal peroxides, e.g. sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide; appropriate organic peroxides may comprise peroxy acids such as, for example, benzenecarbo- peroxoic acid or halo substituted benzenecarboperoxoic acid, e.g. 3-chlorobenzene- carboperoxoic acid, peroxoalkanoic acids, e.g. peroxoacetic acid, alkylhydroperoxides, e.g. tert-butyl hydro-peroxide. Suitable solvents are, for example, water, lower alcohols, e.g. ethanol and the like, hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, ketones, e.g. 2-butanone, halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. dichloromethane, and mixtures of such solvents.
Pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) may be obtained by the application of art-known procedures. Diastereomers may be separated by physical methods such as selective crystallization and chromatographic techniques, e.g., counter-current distribution, liquid chromatography and the like.
The compounds of formula (I) may be obtained as racemic mixtures of enantiomers which can be separated from one another following art-known resolution procedures. The racemic compounds of formula (I), which are sufficiently basic or acidic may be converted into the corresponding diastereomeric salt forms by reaction with a suitable chiral acid, respectively chiral base. Said diastereomeric salt forms are subsequently separated, for example, by selective or fractional crystallization and the enantiomers are liberated therefrom by alkali or acid. An alternative manner of separating the enantiomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I) involves liquid chromatography, in particular liquid chromatography using a chiral stationary phase. Said pure stereochemically isomeric forms may also be derived from the corresponding pure stereochemically isomeric forms of the appropriate starting materials, provided that the reaction occurs stereospecifically. Preferably if a specific stereoisomer is desired, said compound may be synthesized by stereospecifϊc methods of preparation. These methods may advantageously employ enantiomerically pure starting materials.
In a further aspect, the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as specified herein, or a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A therapeutically effective amount in this context is an amount sufficient to prophylactically act against, to stabilize or to reduce viral infection, and in particular HCV viral infection, in infected subjects or subjects being at risk of being infected. In still a further aspect, this invention relates to a process of preparing a pharmaceutical composition as specified herein, which comprises intimately mixing a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I) as specified herein.
Therefore, the compounds of the present invention or any subgroup thereof may be formulated into various pharmaceutical forms for administration purposes. As appropriate compositions there may be cited all compositions usually employed for systemically administering drugs. To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, an effective amount of the particular compound, optionally in salt form or metal complex, as the active ingredient is combined in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration. These pharmaceutical compositions are desirable in unitary dosage form suitable, particularly, for administration orally, rectally, percutaneously, or by parenteral injection. For example, in preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media may be employed such as, for example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols and the like in the case of oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, syrups, elixirs, emulsions and solutions; or solid carriers such as starches, sugars, kaolin, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the case of powders, pills, capsules, and tablets. Because of their ease in administration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageous oral dosage unit forms, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously employed. For parenteral compositions, the carrier will usually comprise sterile water, at least in large part, though other ingredients, for example, to aid solubility, may be included. Injectable solutions, for example, may be prepared in which the carrier comprises saline solution, glucose solution or a mixture of saline and glucose solution. Injectable suspensions may also be prepared in which case appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations. In the compositions suitable for percutaneous administration, the carrier optionally comprises a penetration enhancing agent and/or a suitable wetting agent, optionally combined with suitable additives of any nature in minor proportions, which additives do not introduce a significant deleterious effect on the skin.
The compounds of the present invention may also be administered via oral inhalation or insufflation by means of methods and formulations employed in the art for administration via this way. Thus, in general the compounds of the present invention may be administered to the lungs in the form of a solution, a suspension or a dry powder, a solution being preferred. Any system developed for the delivery of solutions, suspensions or dry powders via oral inhalation or insufflation are suitable for the administration of the present compounds.
Thus, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition adapted for administration by inhalation or insufflation through the mouth comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the compounds of the present invention are administered via inhalation of a solution in nebulized or aerosolized doses.
It is especially advantageous to formulate the aforementioned pharmaceutical compositions in unit dosage form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Unit dosage form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Examples of such unit dosage forms are tablets (including scored or coated tablets), capsules, pills, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, injectable solutions or suspensions and the like, and segregated multiples thereof.
The compounds of formula (I) and any subgroup thereof show antiviral properties. Viral infections and their associated diseases treatable using the compounds and methods of the present invention include those infections brought on by HCV and other pathogenic flaviviruses such as Yellow fever, Dengue fever (types 1-4), St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray valley encephalitis, West Nile virus and Kunjin virus. The diseases associated with HCV include progressive liver fibrosis, inflammation and necrosis leading to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and HCC; and for the other pathogenic flaviviruses the diseases include yellow fever, dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis.
Due to their antiviral properties, particularly their anti-HCV properties, the compounds of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, their prodrugs, JV-oxides, salts, quaternary amines, metal complexes and stereochemically isomeric forms, are useful in the treatment of individuals experiencing a viral infection, particularly a HCV infection, and for the prophylaxis of these infections. In general, the compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of warm-blooded animals infected with viruses, in particular flaviviruses such as HCV.
The compounds of the present invention or any subgroup thereof may therefore be used as medicines. Said use as a medicine or method of treatment comprises the systemic administration to virally infected subjects or to subjects susceptible to viral infections of an amount effective to combat the conditions associated with the viral infection, in particular the HCV infection.
The present invention also relates to the use of the present compounds or any subgroup thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or the prevention of viral infections, particularly HCV infection.
The present invention furthermore relates to a method of treating a warm-blooded animal infected by a virus, or being at risk of infection by a virus, in particular by HCV, said method comprising the administration of an anti- virally effective amount of a compound of formula (I), as specified herein, or of a compound of any of the subgroups of compounds of formula (I), as specified herein.
The present invention also concerns combinations of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, as specified herein with other anti-HCV agents. In an embodiment, the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least one anti-HCV agent. In a particular embodiment, the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least two anti-HCV agents. In a particular embodiment, the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least three anti-HCV agents. In a particular embodiment, the invention concerns combination of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with at least four anti-HCV agents. The combination of previously known anti-HCV compound, such as, for instance, interferon-α (IFN-α), pegylated interferon-α , ribavirin or a combination thereof, and a compound of formula (I) can be used as a medicine in a combination therapy. In an embodiment the term "combination therapy" relates to a product containing mandatory (a) a compound of formula (I), and (b) at least one other anti-HCV compound, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treatment of HCV infections, in particular, in the treatment of infections with HCV.
Anti-HCV compounds encompass agents selected from HCV polymerase inhibitors, R-7128, MK-0608, VCH759, PF-868554, GS9190, NM283, valopicitabine, PSI-6130, XTL-2125, NM-107, R7128 (R4048), GSK625433, R803, R-1626, BILB-1941, HCV- 796, JTK-109 and JTK-003, benzimidazole derivatives, benzo-l,2,4-thiadiazine derivatives, phenylalanine derivatives, A-831 and A-689; HCV proteases (NS2-NS3 and NS3-NS4A) inhibitors, the compounds of WO02/18369 (see, e.g., page 273, lines 9-22 and page 274, line 4 to page 276, line 11), BI-1335, TMC435350, MK70009, ITMN-191, BILN-2061, VX-950, BILN-2065, BMS-605339, VX-500, SCH 503034; inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including helicase, and metalloprotease inhibitors, ISIS- 14803; immunomodulatory agents such as, α-, β-, and γ- interferons such as rIFN-α 2b , rIFN-α 2ba, consensus IFN-α (infergen), feron, reaferon, intermax α, rIFN-β, infergen + actimmune, IFN-omega with DUROS, albuferon, locteron, Rebif, Oral IFN-α, IFN-α 2b XL, AVI-005, pegylated- infergen, pegylated derivatized interferon-α compounds such as pegylated rIFN-α 2b, pegylated rIFN-α 2a, pegylated IFN- β, compounds that stimulate the synthesis of interferon in cells, interleukins, Toll like receptor (TLR) agonists, compounds that enhance the development of type 1 helper T cell response, and thymosin; other antiviral agents such as ribavirin, ribavirin analogs such as rebetol, copegus and viramidine (taribavirin), amantadine, and telbivudine, inhibitors of internal ribosome entry, alpha-glucosidase 1 inhibitors such as MX-3253 (celgosivir) and UT-231B, hepatoprotectants such as IDN- 6556, ME-3738, LB-84451 and MitoQ, broad-spectrum viral inhibitors, such as IMPDH inhibitors (e.g., compounds of US5,807,876, US6,498,178, US6,344,465, US6,054,472, WO97/40028, WO98/40381, WO00/56331, mycophenolic acid and derivatives thereof, and including, but not limited to VX-497, VX-148, and/or VX-944); and other drugs for treating HCV such as zadaxin, nitazoxanide, BIVN-401 (virostat), PYN-17 (altirex), KPE02003002, actilon (CPG-10101), KRN-7000, civacir, GI-5005, ANA-975, XTL-6865, ANA-971, NOV-205, tarvacin, EHC-18, NIM811, DEBIO-025, VGX-410C, EMZ-702, AVI 4065, Bavituximab, and Oglufanide; or combinations of any of the above. Thus, to combat or treat HCV infections, the compounds of formula (I) may be co-administered in combination with for instance, interferon-α (IFN-α), pegylated interferon-α , ribavirin or a combination thereof, as well as therapeutics based on antibodies targeted against HCV epitopes, small interfering RNA (si RNA), ribozymes, DNAzymes, antisense RNA, small molecule antagonists of for instance NS3 protease, NS3 helicase and NS5B polymerase.
The combinations of the present invention may be used as medicaments. Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) or any subgroup thereof as defined above for the manufacture of a medicament useful for inhibiting HCV activity in a mammal infected with HCV viruses, wherein said medicament is used in a combination therapy, said combination therapy preferably comprising a compound of formula (I) and at least one other HCV inhibitory compound, e.g. IFN-α, pegylated IFN-α, ribavirin or a combination thereof.
Furthermore, it is known that a large percentage of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) are also infected with HCV, i.e. they are HCV/HIV co-infected. HIV infection appears to adversely affect all stages of HCV infection, leading to increased viral persistence and accelerated progression of HCV-related liver disease. In turn, HCV infection may affect the management of HIV infection, increasing the incidence of liver toxicity caused by antiviral medications.
The present invention therefore also concerns combinations of a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof with anti-HIV agents. Also, the combination of one or more additional anti-HIV compounds and a compound of Formula (I) can be used as a medicine.
The term "combination therapy" also encompasses a product comprising (a) a compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, and (b) at least one anti-HIV compound, and (c) optionally at least one other anti-HCV compound, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treatment of HCV and HIV infections, in particular, in the treatment of infections with HCV and HIV.
Thus, the present invention also relates to a product containing (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, and (b) one or more additional anti- HIV compounds, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in anti-HCV and anti-HIV treatment. The different drugs may be combined in a single preparation together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Said other anti- HIV compounds may be any known antiretroviral compounds such as suramine, pentamidine, thymopentin, castanospermine, dextran (dextran sulfate), foscarnet- sodium (trisodium phosphono formate); nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), e.g. zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddl), zalcitabine (ddC), lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T), emtricitabine (FTC), abacavir (ABC), amdoxovir (DAPD), elvucitabine (ACH- 126,443), AVX 754 ((-)-dOTC), fozivudine tidoxil (FZT), phosphazide, HDP-990003, KP-1461, MIV-210, racivir (PSI-5004), UC-781 and the like; non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as delavirdine (DLV), efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine (NVP), dapivirine (TMC 120), etravirine (TMC125), rilpivirine (TMC278), DPC-082, (+)-Calanolide A, BILR-355, and the like; nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs), e.g. tenofovir ((R)-PMPA) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and the like; nucleotide-competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NcRTIs), e.g. NcRTI-I and the like; inhibitors of trans- activating proteins, such as TAT-inhibitors, e.g. RO-5-3335, BI-201, and the like; REV inhibitors; protease inhibitors e.g. ritonavir (RTV), saquinavir (SQV), lopinavir (ABT-378 or LPV), indinavir (IDV), amprenavir (VX-478), TMC 126, nelfmavir (AG-- 1343), atazanavir (BMS 232,632), darunavir (TMCl 14), fosamprenavir (GW433908 or VX-175), brecanavir (GW-640385, VX-385), P-1946, PL-337, PL-100, tipranavir (PNU-140690), AG-1859, AG-1776, Ro-0334649 and the like; entry inhibitors, which comprise fusion inhibitors (e.g. enfuvirtide (T-20)), attachment inhibitors and co-receptor inhibitors, the latter comprise the CCR5 antagonists (e.g. ancriviroc, CCR5mAb004, maraviroc (UK-427,857), PRO-140, TAK-220, TAK-652, vicriviroc (SCH-D, SCH-417,690)) and CXR4 antagonists (e.g. AMD-070, KRH-27315), examples of entry inhibitors are PRO-542, TNX-355, BMS-488,043, BlockAide/CR™, FP 21399, hNMOl, nonakine, VGV-I; a maturation inhibitor for example is PA-457; inhibitors of the viral integrase e.g. raltegravir (MK-0518), elvitegravir (JTK-303, GS-9137), BMS-538,158; ribozymes; immunomodulators; monoclonal antibodies; gene therapy; vaccines; siRNAs; antisense RNAs; microbicides; Zinc-finger inhibitors.
Therefore, HCV infected patients also suffering from conditions associated with HIV or even other pathogenic retroviruses, such as AIDS, AIDS-related complex (ARC), progressive generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL), as well as chronic CNS diseases caused by retroviruses, such as, for example HIV mediated dementia and multiple sclerosis, can conveniently be treated with the present composition.
The compositions may be formulated into suitable pharmaceutical dosage forms such as the dosage forms described above. Each of the active ingredients may be formulated separately and the formulations may be co-administered or one formulation containing both and if desired further active ingredients may be provided.
As used herein, the term "composition" is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients, as well as any product that results, directly or indirectly, from the combination of the specified ingredients.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" as used herein means that amount of active compound or component or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought, in the light of the present invention, by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease being treated. Since the instant invention refers as well to combinations comprising two or more agents, the "therapeutically effective amount" in the context of combinations is also that amount of the agents taken together so that the combined effect elicits the desired biological or medicinal response. For example, the therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising (a) the compound of formula (I) and (b) another anti-HCV agent, would be the amount of the compound of formula (I) and the amount of the other anti-HCV agent that when taken together have a combined effect that is therapeutically effective.
In general it is contemplated that an antiviral effective daily amount would be from 0.01 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg body weight, more preferably from 0.1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg body weight. It may be appropriate to administer the required dose as two, three, four or more sub-doses at appropriate intervals throughout the day. Said sub-doses may be formulated as unit dosage forms, for example, containing 1 to 1000 mg, and in particular 5 to 200 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.
The exact dosage and frequency of administration depends on the particular compound of formula (I) used, the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the age, weight, sex, extent of disorder and general physical condition of the particular patient as well as other medication the individual may be taking, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is evident that said effective daily amount may be lowered or increased depending on the response of the treated subject and/or depending on the evaluation of the physician prescribing the compounds of the instant invention. The effective daily amount ranges mentioned hereinabove are therefore only guidelines. In one embodiment of the present invention there is provided an article of manufacture comprising a composition effective to treat an HCV infection or to inhibit the NS5B polymerase of HCV; and packaging material comprising a label which indicates that the composition can be used to treat infection by the hepatitis C virus; wherein the composition comprises a compound of the formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, or the combination as described herein.
Another embodiment of the present invention concerns a kit or container comprising a compound of the formula (I) or any subgroup thereof, in an amount effective for use as a standard or reagent in a test or assay for determining the ability of potential pharmaceuticals to inhibit HCV NS5B polymerase, HCV growth, or both. This aspect of the invention may find its use in pharmaceutical research programs.
The compounds and combinations of the present invention can be used in high-throughput target-analyte assays such as those for measuring the efficacy of said combination in HCV treatment.
Examples
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit it thereto.
Example 1 : synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexa- hydro3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzo|"a,d]cyclohepten-9-one (4)
Step 1
Figure imgf000038_0001
A mixture of 3,4-diaminopyridine (1) (0.01 mol) and dimedone (2) (0.01 mol) in toluene (40 mL) was stirred and refluxed for 12 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH2CI2/CH3OH/NH4OH 85:15:1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated until dryness, yielding 1.1 g of intermediate 3 (48%), m/z = 232 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000039_0001
A mixture of intermediate 3 (0.0022 mol) and 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (0.0022 mol) in ethanol (5 mL) and acetic acid (0.5 mL) was stirred at 75°C for 12 h. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. A saturated solution of NaHCOs was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h and 30 minutes, then filtered and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness, yielding 0.7 g (61%) of product 4.
Example 2: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (5)
Figure imgf000039_0002
A mixture of compound 4 (0.0022 mol) in acetic anhydride (10 mL) was stirred and refluxed for 1 h, then stirred at room temperature for 12 h. H2O was added and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH2CI2ZCHSOHZNH4OH 97:3:0.1). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.2 g) was crystallized from 2-propanone/diethyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.11 g of product 5 as a racemic mixture (melting point > 2500C).
Example 3: (IQR)-I l-aceM-10-(2,4-dichloro-phenylV7.7-dimethyl-5.6.7.8.10.11-hexa- hydro-3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcvclohepten-9-one (6) and (1061-11 -Acetyl- 10-(2,4- dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza- dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (7)
Figure imgf000040_0001
The racemic mixture (5) was separated by chiral SFC (supercritical fluid chromatography; Chiralpack AD, eluent: CO2/20% CH3OH), yielding 0.03 g of (10R)-11-acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5 ,6,7,8, 10,11 -hexahydro-3 ,5 , 11 -triaza- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-9-one (6) and 0.03 g of (10S)- 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10, 11 -hexahydro-3, 5,11 -triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten- 9-one (7).
Example 4: synthesis of 10-(2.4-dichloro-phenylV7 J-dimethyl-9-oxo-5.6.7.8.9.10- hexahydro-3,5,1 l-triaza-dibenzo|"a,d]cycloheptene-l 1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide (8)
Figure imgf000040_0002
A mixture of compound 4 (0.0006 mol), dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (0.005 mol) and triethylamine (0.005 mol) in THF (20 mL) was stirred at 75°C for 48 h, then concentrated under reduced pressure. CH2Cl2 and a 10% solution Of K2CO3 were added. The organic layer was separated, dried (over MgSO4), filtered and the solvent was evaporated until dryness. The residue (0.38 g) was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent: CH2CI2/CH3OH/NH4OH 99:1 :0.1 to 92:8:0.8). The pure fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The residue (0.017 g) was crystallized from CHsCN/diisopropyl ether. The precipitate was filtered off and dried, yielding 0.008 g of desired product 8 (melting point: 246°C). Example 5: synthesis of 10-[4-(2-bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyl]-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (13)
Figure imgf000041_0001
A mixture of 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (11; 4.96 g, 31.3 mmol), 2-bromophenol (5.57 g, 32.2 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (11.3 g, 34.7 mmol) in dry DMF (51 mL) was heated at 75°C under nitrogen. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was successively allowed to cool down to room temperature, diluted with water (510 mL) and extracted with ether. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to afford 9.74 g (97 %) of the aldehyde 12 as a yellow oil: m/z = 312 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000041_0002
The title product 13 was prepared from the aldehyde 12 and the enamine 3 following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 4, with a reaction time of 60 h, m/z = 525 (M+H)+.
Example 6: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[4-(2-bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyl]-
7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,10,l l-hexahydro-3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one
(14)
Figure imgf000042_0001
A solution of compound 13 (310 mg, 0.59 mmol) in acetic anhydride (4 mL) was heated at 1100C for 2 h. Then, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature. The mixture was mixed with IN NaOH and extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was dried (over MgSO4) and evaporated. The obtained residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to afford 84.3 mg (25%) of the title product 14 as a white solid: m/z = 567 (M+H)+.
Example 7: (IQi?)- 11 -acetyl- 10-[4-(2 -bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyll-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5, l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (15) and (1(XS)- 11 -acetyl- 10-r4-(2-bromo-phenoxyV2-chloro-phenyll-7.7-dimethyl-5.6.7.8.10.11- hexahydro-3,5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (16)
Figure imgf000042_0002
The two enantiomers, 15 and 16, were separated by chiral SFC (Chiralpack AD, eluent: CO2/20% CH3OH) from the racemic mixture (14).
Example 8: synthesis of 10-[4-(2-bromo-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyl]-l l-isobutyryl- 7, 7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5, l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one an
Figure imgf000043_0001
A solution of compound 13 (325 mg, 0.62 mmol) in isobutyric anhydride (4 rnL) was heated at 1100C for 20 h. The mixture was then cooled down to room temperature, mixed with IN NaOH for 1 h, and then extracted with CH2Cl2. After drying (over MgSO4) and evaporation of the organic layer, the mixture was purified by flash chromatography (4 g) with C^CVmethanol (7N NH3) 98:2. Pure fractions were evaporated and diethyl ether was added. An off-white solid precipitated. Filtration and rinsing with diethyl ether resulted in 21.0 mg of the title product 17, m/z = 595 (M+H)+.
Example 9: synthesis of 10-[4-(2-bromo-6-fluoro-phenoxy)-2-chloro-phenyll-
7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0J l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one £22}
Figure imgf000043_0002
The title product 22 was prepared from the aldehyde 21 and the enamine 3 following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 4, with a reaction time of 5 days, m/z = 543 (M+H)+.
Example 10: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[4-(2 -bromo-6-fluoro-phenoxy)-2-chloro- phenyll-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten- 9-one (23)
Figure imgf000044_0001
A solution of compound 22 (288 mg, 0.53 mmol) in acetic anhydride (4 mL) was heated at 1100C for 3 h. The mixture was then cooled down to room temperature, mixed with IN NaOH and extracted with CH2Cl2. After drying (over MgSO4) and evaporation of the organic layer, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was filtered. The obtained white solid was washed with ethyl acetate to afford 138 mg (43%) of the title product 23 as a white solid: m/z = 585 (M+H)+.
Example 11 : synthesis of 10-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (25)
Figure imgf000044_0002
25
The title product 25 was prepared from the aldehyde 24 and the enamine 3 following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 4, with a reaction time of 4 days, and a yield of 52%, m/z = 370 (M+H)+.
Example 12: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (26)
Figure imgf000045_0001
A solution of compound 25 in acetic anhydride (10 rnL) was stirred and re fluxed for 4 h. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue was redissolved in methanol/THF 1 :1 and a solution of LiOH (10 eq) in water was added. After 2 h, the organic solvents were concentrated, and the reaction mixture was acidified with diluted HCl until pH 3-4 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (over MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to give the title product 26, m/z = 412 (M+H)+.
Example 13: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0J l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (27)
Figure imgf000045_0002
To a solution of compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) in DMF were added potassium carbonate (90 mg) and 3-bromomethylpyridine (1.1 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 h, concentrated and purified using a SCX-3 SPE column, eluted with 0.5 M ammonia in methanol to afford the pure title product 27 (31 mg, 85%), m/z = 503 (M+H)+.
Example 14: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (28)
Figure imgf000046_0001
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and 2-bromo- methylpyridine (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 503 (M+H)+.
Example 15: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)-phenyll- 7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (29)
Figure imgf000046_0002
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and 4-bromo- methylpyridine (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 503 (M+H)+.
Example 16: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(4-allyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (30)
Figure imgf000047_0001
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and allylbromide (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 452 (M+H)+.
Example 17: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(isoquinolin- 1 -ylmethoxy)-phenyll-
7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0,l l-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one
(31)
Figure imgf000047_0002
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and 1-bromo- methyl-isoquinoline (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 554 (M+H)+.
Example 18: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-[2-chloro-4-(4-pyrazo 1-1 -yl-benzyloxy)- phenyll-7,7-dimethyl-5, 6,7, 8, 10,11 -hexahydro-3, 5,11 -triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten- 9-one (32)
Figure imgf000048_0001
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and l-(4-bromomethyl-phenyl)-lH-pyrazole (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 569 (M+H)+.
Example 19: synthesis of 4-[4-(l l-acetyl-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo-6,7,8,9J0,l l-hexahydro- SH-S^J l-triaza-dibenzora^lcyclohepten-lO-vD-S-chloro-phenoxyl-butyronitrile (33)
Figure imgf000048_0002
The title product was prepared from compound 26 (30 mg, 73 μmol) and 4-bromo- butyronitrile (1.1 eq) following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 27, m/z = 479 (M+H)+.
Examples 20-35
The products in table 1 were prepared from the enamine 3 and the aldehyde indicated in the table, following the procedure described for the synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro- phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,10,l l-hexahydro-3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten- 9-one (4). Table 1
Figure imgf000049_0001
Ex. No. Comp. RΛ Aldehyde m/z (M+H)+ No.
20 34 4-benzyloxy- 426 benzaldehyde
21 35 4-benzyloxy-2-chloro- 460 benzaldehyde
22 36 4-benzyloxy-3-chloro- 460 benzaldehyde
23 37 2,4-bis(trifluoro- 456 methyl)benzaldehyde
24 38 (2,4-dichloro-phenyl)- 403 acetaldehyde
25 39 cyclohexane- 326 carbaldehyde
Figure imgf000049_0002
26 40 * butyraldehyde 286
27 41 furan-2-carbaldehyde 310
Figure imgf000049_0003
Figure imgf000050_0002
Example 36: synthesis of (2.4-dichlorophenyl)-acetaldehyde (50)
Figure imgf000050_0001
A solution of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid methyl ester (2 g, 9.13 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2, under argon, was cooled to -780C and diisobutylaluminium hydride 1 M in hexanes (9.13 rnL) was added drop wise. After one hour at -780C no starting material was left according to TLC (thin layer chromatography) analyses. The reaction mixture was warmed up to room temperature and added slowly to a 1 N aqueous HCl solution which was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. Then diethyl ether was added and the layers were separated. The water layer was then extracted with diethyl ether and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated, yielding 1.7 g (98%) of compound 50 as a colourless oil.
Example 37: synthesis of 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-propionaldehyde (51)
Figure imgf000051_0001
To a flask containing demi- water degassed with N2 (bubbling through) for 30 minutes were added l,3-dichloro-4-iodobenzene (5 g, 18.3 mmol), allyl alcohol (3.76 mL, 3 eq), NaHCO3 (3.84 g, 2.5 eq), tetrabutylammonium chloride (509 mg, 0.1 eq) and
Palladium(II) acetate (82 mg, 0.02 mmol) and the mixture was degassed for another 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred vigorously at 8O0C under N2 for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and ethyl acetate was added. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried with Na2SO4. After concentration, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane 5:95) yielding 1.23 g of the desired product 51.
Examples 38-52
Representative procedure: To a solution of the starting product in pyridine was added acetic anhydride (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was then concentrated, redissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution, then brine, dried (over MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate yielded the pure title product. Table 2
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000052_0002
Figure imgf000053_0002
Example 53: synthesis of 4-amino-10-(4-benzyloxy-2-fluoro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzo|"a,cT|cyclohepten-9-one (73) and 4-amino- 10-(4-benzyloxy-2-fluoro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8, 10,11 -hexahydro- benzorelpyridor2,3-biri,41diazepin-9-one (74)
Figure imgf000053_0001
67 68
A solution of 3-nitro-pyridine-2,4-diol (67; 15 g, 96 mmol) in POCI3 was refluxed at 1000C overnight. POCI3 was then removed under reduced pressure and 70 g ice was added to the obtained oily residue. The pH was adjusted with ~70 rnL NH4OH to pH= ~7-8 and the solid was filtered off and washed with a bit of methanol. Purification by flash chromatography with CH2Cl2/heptane 70:30 (Rf: 0.41) yielded 14 g (76%) of the title product 2,4-dichloro-3-nitro-pyridine (68) as a white solid.
Figure imgf000054_0001
A mixture of compound 68 (5 g, 25.9 mmol) and benzylamine (16.66 g, 6 eq) in ethanol was refluxed overnight. The solvent was then evaporated and the residue was stirred in water, filtered off, washed with water and dried. The obtained orange solid was recrystallized from ethanol (-125-150 mL), yielding 7.77 g (89%) of the title product 2,4-dibenzylamino-3-nitro-pyridine (69) as orange-yellow needles, m/z = 335 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000054_0002
69
A solution of compound 69 (5 g, 15 mmol) in acetic acid was hydrogenated on Pd/C. After filtration of the catalyst, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness yielding the title product pyridine-2,3,4-triamine (70) quantitatively, m/z = 125 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000055_0001
A solution of compound 70 (1.85 g, 15 mmol) and dimedone (2.09 g, 1 eq) in toluene (60 niL) was refluxed overnight with a Dean-stark apparatus. After concentration, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography (eluent ClHkCk/methanol (7N NH3) 90:10 to 85:15) yielding 330 mg of the desired product 3-(2,4-diamino-pyridin- 3-ylamino)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (71), m/z = 247 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000055_0002
73 74
A solution of compound 71 (240 mg, 0.98 mmol) and 4-benzyloxy-2-fluoro- benzaldehyde (72) (227 mg, 1 eq) in 4 mL ethanol and 1 mL acetic acid was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC, yielding a mixture of the two pure title isomers 73 and 74, m/z = 459 (M+H)+.
Example 54: synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one (78) and 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)- 1 -hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8, 10, 11 -hexahydro- 2,4,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,d1cvclohepten-9-one (79)
Figure imgf000056_0001
A solution of 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine hemisulfate salt (75) (3 g, 8.56 mmol) and dimedone (2.4 g) in 50 niL of DMF containing molecular sieves was heated at 900C during 70 h. Extra molecular sieves were added several times during the course of the reaction to lead it to completion. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was recrystallized from CH2Cl2/ methanol, filtered off, and washed with isopropylether to yield 680 mg of the title product as a mixture of isomers, 3-(4-amino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin-5-ylamino)- 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (76) and 3-(5-amino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (77), m/z = 249 (M+H)+.
Figure imgf000056_0002
A solution of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (282 mg, 1.61 mmol), acetic acid (0.2 mL) and the two isomers 76 and 77 (400 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 2 mL of ethanol was refluxed during 48 h. After concentration, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptane 50:50) yielding 250 mg (37%) of a mixture of the two pure isomers 78 and 79, m/z = 406 (M+H)+.
Example 55: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzo|"a,d"|cyclohepten-9-one (80) and 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyD- 1 -hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-5 ,6,7,8, 10,11 -hexahydro- 2,4,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,d"|cvclohepten-9-one (81)
Figure imgf000057_0001
A solution of the two isomers 78 and 79 (75 mg, 0.18 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.2 rnL) in THF was refluxed during 1O h. After concentration, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography yielding 42 mg (50%) of the isomer 80 and 16 mg (18%) of the second isomer 81, m/z = 448 (M+H)+.
Example 56: synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,10,l l-hexa- hydro-1, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,d1cyclohepten-9-one (84)
Figure imgf000057_0002
82 83
A solution of pyrimidine-4,5-diamine (1 g, 9 mmol) and dimedone (1.27 g, 1 eq) in toluene (60 mL) was refluxed overnight with a Dean-stark apparatus. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and filtered. The precipitate was washed with isopropylether and dried, yielding 1.8 g (86%) of the desired product 3-(4-amino- pyrimidin-5-ylamino)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-enone (83).
Figure imgf000057_0003
The title product was prepared from 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde and enamine 83 following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 4, yielding 8% of the title product 84, m/z = 389 (M+H)+, melting point = 246°C.
Example 57: synthesis of 11 -acetyl- 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7, 7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,11-hexahydro-l, 3,5,1 l-tetraaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (85)
Figure imgf000058_0001
The title product was prepared from compound 84 following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 5, yielding 53% of the title product 85, m/z = 431 (M+H)+, melting point > 2600C.
Example 58: synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- S^J^^JO-hexahydro-S^J l-triaza-dibenzofa^lcyclohepten-l l-yll-S-oxo- propionitrile (86)
Figure imgf000058_0002
A solution of compound 4 (0.2 g, 0.5 mmol), cyanoacetyl chloride (0.085 g, 0.8 mmol) and triethylamine (0.11 g, 0.8 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 6 h. 5 eq of cyanoacetyl chloride and 5 eq of triethylamine were then added. After 48 h at room temperature, water was added. The reaction mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2, the organic layer was dried, filtered and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/methanol/NH4θH 99:1 :0.1) followed by recrystallisation from acetonitrile afforded 19 mg (8%) of the pure title product 86, m/z = 455 (M+H)+, melting point = 236°C. Example 59: synthesis of l l-cyclopropanecarbonyl-10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-
7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8J0J l-hexahydro-3,5,l l-triaza-dibenzo[a,dlcyclohepten-9-one
(87)
Figure imgf000059_0001
A solution of compound 4 (0.15 g, 0.3 mmol), cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (0.082 mL, 0.4 mmol) and triethylamine (0.065 mL, 0.4 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, filtered, diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with water, dried, filtered and concentrated. Crystallization from acetonitrile/diisopropylether afforded 0.092 g (52%) of the pure desired product 87, m/z = 456 (M+H)+, melting point > 2600C.
Example 60: synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- 5A7,8,9J0-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-l l-yl1-3-oxo-propionic acid ethyl ester (88)
Figure imgf000059_0002
The title product 88 was prepared from compound 4 and ethyl malonyl chloride following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 86.
Example 61 : synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- 5A7,8,9J0-hexahydro-3,5J l-triaza-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-l l-yl1-3-oxo-propionic acid (89)
Figure imgf000060_0001
A solution of ethyl ester 88 (90 mg, 0.1 mmol) and LiOH (15 mg, 0.3 mmol) in THF (4 rnL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was then acidified with HCl 3N and the precipitate was filtered off. Purification by flash chromatography (C^CVmethanol/M^OH 80:20:3) followed by crystallisation from acetonitrile/diisopropylether afforded 39 mg (46%) of the desired product 89, m/z = 474 (M+H)+, melting point = 226°C.
Example 62: synthesis of 3-[10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-9-oxo- S^J^^JO-hexahydro-S^J l-triaza-dibenzofa^lcyclohepten-l l-yll-S-oxo- propionamide (90)
Figure imgf000060_0002
A solution of ethyl ester 88 (130 mg, 0.2 mmol) in NH3 7N in methanol (10 mL) was stirred at 8O0C in a sealed vessel overnight. The reaction mixture was then concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/methanol/NH4θH 92:8:0.5) followed by crystallization from 2-propanone/diisopropylether, yielding 62 mg (51%) of the desired product 90, m/z = 473 (M+H)+, melting point = 1900C.
Example 63: synthesis of 10-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-l l-isobutyryl-7,7-dimethyl- 5,6,7,8,10,1 l-hexahydro-3, 5,1 l-triaza-dibenzora,dlcyclohepten-9-one (91)
Figure imgf000061_0001
91
The title product 91 was prepared from compound 4 and isobutyric anhydride following the procedure reported for the preparation of compound 5, m/z = 458 (M+H)+.
Example 64: Activity of compounds of formula (I)
Replicon assay
The compounds of formula (I) were examined for inhibitory activity of HCV RNA replication in a cellular assay. The assay demonstrated that the compounds of formula (I) inhibited a HCV functional cellular replicating cell line, also known as HCV replicons. The cellular assay was based on a bicistronic expression construct, as described by Lohmann et al. (1999) Science vol. 285 pp. 110-113 with the modifications described by Krieger et al. (2001) Journal of Virology 75: 4614-4624, in a multi-target screening strategy. In essence, the method was as follows: The assay utilized the stably transfected cell line Huh-7 luc/neo (hereafter referred to as Huh-Luc). This cell line harbors an RNA encoding a bi-cistronic expression construct comprising the wild type NS3-NS5B regions of HCV type Ib translated from an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), preceded by a reporter portion (FfL-luciferase), and a selectable marker portion (neoR, neomycine phosphotransferase). The construct is bordered by 5' and 3' NTRs
(non-translated regions) from HCV type Ib. Continued culture of the replicon cells in the presence of G418 (neoR) is dependent on the replication of the HCV RNA. The stably transfected replicon cells that express HCV RNA, which replicates autonomously and to high levels, encoding inter alia luciferase, are used for screening the antiviral compounds.
The replicon cells were plated in 384-well plates in the presence of the test and control compounds which were added in increasing concentrations. Following an incubation of three days, HCV replication was measured by assaying luciferase activity (using standard luciferase assay substrates and reagents and a Perkin Elmer ViewLux™ ultraHTS microplate imager). Replicon cells in the control cultures have high luciferase expression in the absence of any inhibitor. The inhibitory activity of the compounds was monitored on the Huh-Luc cells, enabling a dose-response curve to be generated for each test compound. EC50 values were then calculated, which value represents the amount of the compound required to decrease by 50% the level of detected luciferase activity, or more specifically, the ability of the genetically linked HCV replicon RNA to replicate.
Enzymatic assay a) Protein purification The cDNA encoding NS5B amino acid 1-570 (HC-J4, genotype Ib, pCV-J4L6S, genebank accession number AF054247) was subcloned into the Nhe I and Xho I restriction sites of pET-21b. Expression of the subsequent His-tagged C-terminal 21 amino acid deleted NS5B was performed as follows: The NS5B expression construct was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) (Novagen, Madison, WI). Five milliliter of LB-medium supplemented with ampicillin (50 μg/mL) was inoculated with one colony. When the pre-culture reached an optical density of 0.6 measured at 600 nm, it was transferred to fresh LB-medium supplemented with ampicillin, at a ratio of 1 :200. Cells were grown to an optical density at 600 nm of 0.6, after which the expression cultures were shifted to a growth temperature of 200C following induction with ispopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside and MgCl2 at a final concentration of 0.4 mM and 10 μM, respectively. After ten hours of induction, cells were harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 300 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 0.1% NP40, 4 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT supplemented with EDTA-free Complete Protease Inhibitor (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Cell suspensions were disrupted by sonication and incubated with 10-15 mg/L of DNase I (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) for 30 minutes. Cell debris was removed through ultracentrifugation at 30,000 x g for 1 hour and clarified cell lysate was flash frozen and stored at -800C prior to purification.
Clarified cell lysate was thawed and subsequently loaded onto a 5 mL pre-packed HisTrap FF column equilibrated with 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol and 5 mM DTT. Proteins were eluted with 500 mM imidazole at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Fractions containing the protein of interest were applied onto a pre-packed 26/10 HiPrep Desalting Column equilibrated with 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol and 5 mM DTT. The buffer-exchanged NS5B peak was then applied onto a 20 mL PoIy-U Sepharose column. Protein was eluted with an increasing salt gradient and fractions collected. Protein purity was assessed on Nu-PAGE pre-cast gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Purified NS5B samples were concentrated using Centri-Prep concentrators (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and protein concentrations were determined by Bradford assay (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA).
b) Protein Sequence PDB: Inb4, Apo form
The protein sequence is as described in WO 2007/026024. CaIc. MoI. Properties 64941.4 g/mol
c) Inhibition assay Measurement of HCV NS5B polymerization activity was performed by evaluating the amount of radiolabeled GTP incorporated by the enzyme in a newly synthesized RNA using heteropolymeric RNA template/primer. The RdRp assay was carried out in 384-well plates using 50 nM enzyme, 300 nM 5'-biotinylated oligo(rGi3)/poly(rC) primer-template, 600 nM of GTP, and 0.1 μCi of [3H]GTP in 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2 , 25 mM KCl, 17 mM NaCl and 3 mM of DTT. Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO. The test compounds were added to the preformed polymerase- template complex, and incubated at room temperature for 15 min before the addition of NTPs. The 30 μl reaction was terminated after 2h at 25°C upon addition of 30 μl streptavidin-coated SPA beads (GE Heathcare, Uppsala, Sweden 5 mg/ml in 0.5 M EDTA). After incubation at 25°C for 30 min, the plate was counted using a Packard TopCount microplate reader (30 sec/well, 1 min count delay) and IC50 values were calculated. IC50 values represent the concentration of compound required to decrease by 50% the amount of RNA produced which is measured by the detection of incorporated radiolabeled GTP.
The following Table 3 lists compounds that were prepared according to any one of the above examples. The activities of the compounds tested are also depicted in Table 3.
Table 3 a
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Table 3b
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000067_0002
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
Figure imgf000071_0002
Table 3 c
Figure imgf000071_0001
Figure imgf000071_0003
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Table 3d
Figure imgf000073_0002
Figure imgf000074_0001
Figure imgf000075_0001
Table 3e
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000078_0001

Claims

Claims
1. A compound having the formula
Figure imgf000079_0001
(I) and the stereoisomers, prodrugs, tautomers, racemics, salts, hydrates or solvates thereof, wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino; R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, C1-6alkyl, or both R4a and R4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C3_7Cycloalkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6,
-C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het;
C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b,
-C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het,
C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het;
R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, C3-7cycloalkenyl, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; C2-6alkynyl; C3-7cycloalkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S(=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl;
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, -NR10aR10b, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; and each R1Oa andR1Ob is, independently, hydrogen, d_6alkyl, arylCi_6alkyl, or R1Oa and
R1Ob, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-8 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo,
Ci_6alkyl, hydroxy, or oxo.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein each X and Y is, independently, CH or N;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl, or both R4a and R4b together with the carbon atom of the tricyclic ring to which they are attached may form a C3_7Cycloalkyl; R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b,
-C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het,
C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het;
R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3_7Cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2_6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S(=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -NR10aR10b; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, -NR10aR10b, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl; and each R10aandR10b is, independently, hydrogen, Ci_6alkyl, arylCi_6alkyl, or R1Oa and R10b, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a saturated, partially unsaturated, or completely unsaturated 5-8 membered monocycle, wherein said monocycle optionally contains one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and wherein the remaining monocycle members are carbon atoms; wherein said monocycle may be optionally substituted on any carbon atom with one or two substituents each independently selected from halo, Ci_6alkyl, hydroxy, or oxo.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2, having one of the structural Formula (II) or (III)
Figure imgf000082_0001
wherein X, Y, R1, R2, R3, R4a and R4b have the same meaning as that defined in any one of claim 1 or 2.
4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 or 3 wherein : each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3-7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, oxo, -OR9, -C(=O)-Het, -C(=O)-OR6, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, -C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, -NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het;
C2-6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
R6 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b,
-C(=O)-NH-S(=O)2-R8, aryl, or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from -OR9, mono- or diCi_6alkylamino, -C(=O)-OR9, -C(=O)-NH2, -C(=O)-NH-Ci_6alkyl, -C(=O)-NH-hydroxyCi_6alkyl, -C(=O)-Het, C3_7Cycloalkyl, aryl, and Het; C2-6alkenyl; C3_7Cycloalkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; aryl; or Het; R8 is Ci_6alkyl, C3_7Cycloalkyl, di(Ci_3alkyl)amino, or aryl;
R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxyl, Ci_6alkoxy, cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, nitro, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, Ci_6alkyl, and phenyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, or
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi-βalkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, -S(=O)2NH2, and pyrrolyl;
Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9, -CN, or phenyl;-C(=O)-NH2; -C(=O)-phenyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; phenyl optionally substituted with Ci_6alkoxy; morpholinyl; pyrrolidinyl; pyrrolyl; furanyl; tetrazolyl; and thiophenyl.
5. A compound according to any one of claims 1 or 3-4 wherein: each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino;
R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, -C(=O)-OR6, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b; R is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with C3_7cycloalkyl, aryl, or Het; C3_7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, -OR9, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, aryl, and Het; C2_6alkenyl optionally substituted with aryl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het;
R6 is Ci_6alkyl; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl; C2_6alkenyl; C3_7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one, two or three substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, or Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with halo, Het, Ci_6alkoxy, amino, or pyrazolyl; C2_6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, amino, and Ci_6alkyl; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi_6alkyl, cyano, Ci_6alkyl, polyhaloCi_6alkoxy, -OR9, -C(=O)OH, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, Ci_6alkylthio, Ci_6alkylsulfonyl, and -S(=O)2NH2; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 12 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, being optionally condensed with one benzene ring, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo; oxo; -OR9; -CN; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with -OR9 or -CN;-C(=O)-NH2.
6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 or 3-5, wherein R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3_7Cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het.
7. A compound according to any one of claims 1 or 3-6, wherein R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b.
8. A compound according to any one of claims 1 or 3-7, wherein: each X and Y is, independently, CH or N, wherein at least one of X or Y is N; R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, or amino; R2 is hydrogen, -C(=O)-R5, or -C(=O)-NR7aR7b;
R3 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with aryl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R4a and R4b is, independently, Ci_6alkyl;
R5 is Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, -C(=O)-OH, -C(=O)-NR7aR7b, and aryl; C2-6alkenyl; polyhaloCi-βalkyl; C3-7cycloalkyl; aryl; or Het; each R7a and R7b is, independently, hydrogen or Ci_6alkyl; R9 is hydrogen; Ci_6alkyl optionally substituted one or two substituents each independently selected from cyano, phenyl, and Het, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with pyrazolyl; C2-6alkenyl; or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two halo; aryl as a group or part of a group is phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, polyhaloCi-βalkyl, cyano, Chalky!, -OR9, Ci_6alkylcarbonyl, and Ci_6alkylsulfonyl; Het as a group or part of a group is a 5 to 10 membered saturated, partially unsaturated or completely unsaturated mono- or bicyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the group Het as a whole may be optionally substituted with one or two Ci_6alkyl substituents.
9. A compound according to any one of claims 1-8 wherein the compound has the formula (I-a)
Figure imgf000085_0001
wherein X, Y, R1, R2 and R3 are as specified in any one of claims 1-8.
10. A compound according to any one of claims 1-8 wherein the compound has the formula (I-b)
Figure imgf000085_0002
wherein X, Y, R2 and R3 are as specified in any one of claims 1-8.
11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a carrier, and as active ingredient an anti-virally effective amount of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1-10.
12. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one other anti HCV compound.
13. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, further comprising at least one anti HIV compound.
14. A compound according to any of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutical composition according to any of claims 11-13, for use as a medicament.
15. A compound according to any of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutical composition according to any of claims 11-13, for inhibiting HCV replication.
16. A compound according to any of claims 1-10 or a pharmaceutical composition according to any of claims 11-13, for treating hepatitis C.
17. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13, for inhibiting HCV and HIV replication.
18. Use of a compound according to any of claims 1-10, for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting HCV replication.
19. A method of inhibiting HCV replication in a warm-blooded animal said method comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound according to any of claims 1-10 or a pharmaceutical composition according to any of claims 11-13.
20. A combination comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1-10, and at least one other anti-HCV compound.
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