WO2008085103A1 - Method for purifying water by membrane distillation comprising a pre-treatment - Google Patents
Method for purifying water by membrane distillation comprising a pre-treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008085103A1 WO2008085103A1 PCT/SE2007/051040 SE2007051040W WO2008085103A1 WO 2008085103 A1 WO2008085103 A1 WO 2008085103A1 SE 2007051040 W SE2007051040 W SE 2007051040W WO 2008085103 A1 WO2008085103 A1 WO 2008085103A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- membrane
- caused
- surface tension
- distillation
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 calcium or magnesium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/12—Addition of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/78—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/301—Detergents, surfactants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for cleaning water in order to make possible cleaning by means of membrane distillation.
- Membrane distillation has been known for cleaning water since the 1980s. This is an arrangement for allowing a first liquid to pass close to a second liquid, while not mixing with it, which arrangement comprises a num- ber of flat sheets.
- One of the sheets is provided with a membrane through which water can pass only when it is in the gaseous phase.
- the term "water passes through the membrane” is used below to mean water in its vapour phase.
- Temperature differences between sheets cause the water to vaporise, to pass through the membrane and to condense onto the second wall, which is colder than the water that is to be cleaned.
- the level of surface tension of the water ensures that the water cannot pass through the membrane. See the Swedish pat ⁇ ent with number 8002233-8.
- MD can be used in many fields. Seawater, for example, can be allowed to flow along the membrane, and vaporised water to pass through the membrane and to be collected on the other side of the membrane. In this way, all substances, except for pure water, remain in the water that is to be cleaned. There are several other fields of use. It may conceivably be waste water that is to be cleaned, not only to clean the water in order to use clean water in industries that require this, but also to clean the water such that an essentially solid byproduct of undesired substances remains.
- Waste water comes from many different households and industries. It has been shown that there are a very large number of undesired substances with different properties in waste water, for example, washing agents from washing machines.
- Amphiphilic molecules i.e. molecules that have a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, are added to washing agents that are currently used, in order to dissolve greasy stains. These amphiphilic molecules are often named as "tensides" in washing agents, and they function well in dissolving stains. These molecules also reduce the surface tension of the water.
- the present invention solves these problems.
- the present invention thus relates to a method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation, abbreviated as "MD", which distillation is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid of a hydrophobic membrane, through which membrane only clean water in a gaseous state is caused to pass, whereby a water residual that contains an elevated content of contaminants does not pass through the membrane, and is characterised in that a pretreatment, in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation (5).
- MD membrane distillation
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a method comprising membrane distillation that is preceded by a pretreatment.
- the present invention thus relates to a method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation 1, abbreviated as "MD".
- the distillation 1 is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid of a hydrophobic membrane, through which membrane only clean water 2 in a gaseous state is caused to pass.
- a water residual 4 that contains an elevated content of contaminants does not pass through the mem ⁇ brane.
- FIG. 1 shows according to the present invention that a pretreatment 5, in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation 1.
- a pretreatment 5 in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation 1.
- the membrane distillation 1 the water residual 4 from the mem ⁇ brane distillation arrangement 1, for example, is caused to be carried onwards to a boiler arrangement 3, in which ar ⁇ rangement 3 the water residual 4 is caused to boil and form vapour.
- a lower volume of water containing an elevated con- tent of contaminants is in this way obtained.
- substances that increase surface tension are added during the pretreatment 5.
- ions that increase surface tension such as calcium and magnesium, are added during the pretreatment 5.
- the water with reduced level of surface tension due to, for example, the addition of amphi- philic molecules, regains in this way an original level of surface tension for water.
- the pretreatment 5 and the membrane distillation 1 can be comprised within a closed system.
- the contaminated water can in this way be caused to be added to the system, and not only clean water 2 but also a water residual 4 are obtained from the system.
- the added ions described above can be any ions that are suitable for the purpose that produce an effect that the surface tension of the water is raised to an original level for water.
- the surface tension is caused to be raised by irradiating the water that is to be cleaned with UV radiation during the pretreatment 5.
- the surface tension is caused to be raised by adding ozone to the water that is to be cleaned during the pretreatment 5.
- Ozone, O 3 is a strong oxidising agent that oxidises organic material, iron, manganese and other substances, when ozone is added to the water. Ozone can also be used as a disinfectant. Cleaning with ozone has been used for a long time. Thus, ozone can be used to break down the amphiphilic molecules.
- Irradiation of the water with UV radiation involves UV radiation irradiating the water and thus killing bacteria and other types of micro-organism. The irradiation also breaks down amphiphilic molecules. No substances are added: it is solely the exposure to UV radiation that makes it possible to obtain clean water.
- the membrane distillation is of the type of membrane distillation that has an air gap, known as "air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)".
- AGMD air gap membrane distillation
- membrane distillation 1 and the pretreat- ment 5 can, however, be designed in another suitable manner without deviation from the fundamental concept of the invention.
Abstract
A method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation (1), abbreviated as 'MD', which distillation (1) is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid of a hydrophobic membrane through which membrane only clean water (2) in a gaseous state is caused to pass, whereby a water residual (4) that contains an elevated content of contaminants does not pass through the membrane. The invention is characterised in that a pretreatment (5), in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation (1).
Description
Method for purifying water by membrane distillation comprising a pre-treatment
The present invention relates to a method for cleaning water in order to make possible cleaning by means of membrane distillation.
It is necessary to clean water for a number of purposes. It may be a question of cleaning water for household use, desalting seawater for a purpose, cleaning water for use within several industrial fields, or concentrating undesired substances, i.e. a byproduct, to as small a volume as possible, or indeed to a solid material.
Membrane distillation, abbreviated "MD", has been known for cleaning water since the 1980s. This is an arrangement for allowing a first liquid to pass close to a second liquid, while not mixing with it, which arrangement comprises a num- ber of flat sheets. One of the sheets is provided with a membrane through which water can pass only when it is in the gaseous phase. The term "water passes through the membrane" is used below to mean water in its vapour phase. Temperature differences between sheets cause the water to vaporise, to pass through the membrane and to condense onto the second wall, which is colder than the water that is to be cleaned. The level of surface tension of the water ensures that the water cannot pass through the membrane. See the Swedish pat¬ ent with number 8002233-8.
MD can be used in many fields. Seawater, for example, can be allowed to flow along the membrane, and vaporised water to pass through the membrane and to be collected on the other side of the membrane. In this way, all substances, except for pure water, remain in the water that is to be cleaned. There are several other fields of use. It may conceivably be waste water that is to be cleaned, not only to clean the water in
order to use clean water in industries that require this, but also to clean the water such that an essentially solid byproduct of undesired substances remains.
Problems, however, have been discovered with cleaning certain types of water, including waste water. Waste water comes from many different households and industries. It has been shown that there are a very large number of undesired substances with different properties in waste water, for example, washing agents from washing machines. Amphiphilic molecules, i.e. molecules that have a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, are added to washing agents that are currently used, in order to dissolve greasy stains. These amphiphilic molecules are often named as "tensides" in washing agents, and they function well in dissolving stains. These molecules also reduce the surface tension of the water. When the surface tension of the water that is to be cleaned is reduced, water in liquid form will be able to pass through the membrane in MD, rather than only water in the gaseous phase being able to pass through the membrane. Since water in its liquid state is in this case able to pass through the membrane, also other undesired substances, such as the substances that are dissolved in the water that is to be cleaned, pass through the membrane. Thus, clean water is not obtained with the aid of MD.
The present invention solves these problems.
The present invention thus relates to a method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation, abbreviated as "MD", which distillation is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid of a hydrophobic membrane, through which membrane only clean water in a gaseous state is caused to pass, whereby a water residual that contains an elevated
content of contaminants does not pass through the membrane, and is characterised in that a pretreatment, in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation (5).
The invention is described in more detail below, partially in association with embodiments of the invention shown in the attached drawing, where
- Figure 1 shows schematically a method comprising membrane distillation that is preceded by a pretreatment.
The present invention thus relates to a method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation 1, abbreviated as "MD". The distillation 1 is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid of a hydrophobic membrane, through which membrane only clean water 2 in a gaseous state is caused to pass. A water residual 4 that contains an elevated content of contaminants does not pass through the mem¬ brane.
Figure 1 shows according to the present invention that a pretreatment 5, in which the surface tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation 1. After the membrane distillation 1, the water residual 4 from the mem¬ brane distillation arrangement 1, for example, is caused to be carried onwards to a boiler arrangement 3, in which ar¬ rangement 3 the water residual 4 is caused to boil and form vapour. A lower volume of water containing an elevated con- tent of contaminants is in this way obtained.
According to one preferred embodiment, substances that increase surface tension are added during the pretreatment 5.
It is also conceivable that agents, such as tensides, that reduce surface tension are removed during the pretreatment.
According to one preferred embodiment, ions that increase surface tension, such as calcium and magnesium, are added during the pretreatment 5. The water with reduced level of surface tension, due to, for example, the addition of amphi- philic molecules, regains in this way an original level of surface tension for water.
The pretreatment 5 and the membrane distillation 1 can be comprised within a closed system. The contaminated water can in this way be caused to be added to the system, and not only clean water 2 but also a water residual 4 are obtained from the system.
The added ions described above can be any ions that are suitable for the purpose that produce an effect that the surface tension of the water is raised to an original level for water.
According to one preferred embodiment, the surface tension is caused to be raised by irradiating the water that is to be cleaned with UV radiation during the pretreatment 5.
According to one preferred embodiment, the surface tension is caused to be raised by adding ozone to the water that is to be cleaned during the pretreatment 5.
Ozone, O3, is a strong oxidising agent that oxidises organic material, iron, manganese and other substances, when ozone is added to the water. Ozone can also be used as a disinfectant.
Cleaning with ozone has been used for a long time. Thus, ozone can be used to break down the amphiphilic molecules.
Irradiation of the water with UV radiation involves UV radiation irradiating the water and thus killing bacteria and other types of micro-organism. The irradiation also breaks down amphiphilic molecules. No substances are added: it is solely the exposure to UV radiation that makes it possible to obtain clean water.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the membrane distillation is of the type of membrane distillation that has an air gap, known as "air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)".
A number of embodiment procedures and uses have been described above. The membrane distillation 1 and the pretreat- ment 5 can, however, be designed in another suitable manner without deviation from the fundamental concept of the invention.
The present invention is thus not limited to the embodiment procedures described above, since it can be varied within the scope of the attached patent claims.
Claims
1. A method for cleaning water comprising membrane distillation (1), abbreviated as "MD", which distillation (1) is arranged to use differences in partial pressure with the aid
5 of a hydrophobic membrane, through which membrane only clean water (2) in a gaseous state is caused to pass, whereby a water residual (4) that contains an elevated content of contaminants does not pass through the membrane, characterised in that a pretreatment (5), in which the surface w tension of the water is caused to be raised to a level at which the water is prevented from passing the said membrane in its liquid state, is caused to precede the membrane distillation (1) .
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in 15 that the substances that raise surface tension are added during the pretreatment (5) .
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that ions, such as calcium or magnesium, that raise surface tension are added during the pretreatment (5) , whereby 0 water with a reduced level of surface tension, as a result of, for example, the addition of amphiphilic molecules, regains the original level of surface tension for water.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2,c haracterised in that the surface tension is caused to be raised by irradi- 5 ating the water that is to be cleaned with UV radiation during the pretreatment (5) .
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the surface tension is caused to be raised by adding ozone to the water that is to be cleaned during the pretreat- 0 ment (5) .
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the membrane distillation is of the type of membrane distillation with an air gap, known as "air gap membrane distillation."
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0700054A SE0700054L (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | Process for purifying water with membrane distillation comprising a pretreatment |
| SE0700054-0 | 2007-01-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008085103A1 true WO2008085103A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
Family
ID=39494617
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2007/051040 WO2008085103A1 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-12-19 | Method for purifying water by membrane distillation comprising a pre-treatment |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| SE (1) | SE0700054L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008085103A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102107119A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 吕晓龙 | Multiple-effect membrane distillation device and method |
| CN105217705A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of PPCPs class Waste Water Treatment and method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4460473A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1984-07-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Membrane distillation method |
| JPH07768A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Membrane distillation device |
-
2007
- 2007-01-12 SE SE0700054A patent/SE0700054L/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-19 WO PCT/SE2007/051040 patent/WO2008085103A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4460473A (en) * | 1981-01-05 | 1984-07-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Membrane distillation method |
| JPH07768A (en) * | 1993-06-15 | 1995-01-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Membrane distillation device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| FRANKEN A.C.M. ET AL.: "Wetting criteria for the applicability of membrane distillation", JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 33, 1987, pages 315 - 328, XP003021535 * |
| LEE C.H. ET AL.: "Effect of operating variables on the flux and selectivity in sweep gas membrane distillation for dilute aqueous isopropanol", JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE CIENCE, vol. 188, no. 1, 2001, pages 79 - 86, XP004239983 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102107119A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 吕晓龙 | Multiple-effect membrane distillation device and method |
| CN102107119B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-07-31 | 吕晓龙 | Multiple-effect membrane distillation device and method |
| CN105217705A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of PPCPs class Waste Water Treatment and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE530481C2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
| SE0700054L (en) | 2008-06-17 |
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