WO2008082631A1 - Détermination de l'impact environnemental d'un individu par analyse de son comportement de consommation - Google Patents

Détermination de l'impact environnemental d'un individu par analyse de son comportement de consommation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008082631A1
WO2008082631A1 PCT/US2007/026450 US2007026450W WO2008082631A1 WO 2008082631 A1 WO2008082631 A1 WO 2008082631A1 US 2007026450 W US2007026450 W US 2007026450W WO 2008082631 A1 WO2008082631 A1 WO 2008082631A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
consumer
purchases
mpm
ghg
credit card
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PCT/US2007/026450
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English (en)
Inventor
Rajesh Shah
Michel Gelobter
Marie Olivier
Stephen Fowler
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Redefining Progress
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Publication of WO2008082631A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008082631A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce

Definitions

  • the credit card industry has over 641 million credit cards in circulation in the U.S. accounting for an estimated $1.5 trillion in consumer spending.
  • the industry is very profitable due in large part to two revenue streams: one that is transaction-based and the other that is based on finance charges applied to balances.
  • Credit cards are identified by the number encoded in the magnetic strip and embossed on the front of the card. Currently, using satellite hook-ups, account information on credit card purchases can be instantly checked.
  • a consumer presents a card to a retailer (merchant) for purchasing goods or services; the retailer places a charge against the card by swiping it at a point-of-sale terminal (POS) 201.
  • POS point-of-sale terminal
  • the credit card and transaction amount are verified at the gateway 202 (e.g. the VisaTM system) and by the acquiring bank (where the merchant keeps their account) and by the issuing bank (which issued the card to the consumer).
  • the merchant's bank collects all the transactions to determine how much to pay the merchant 203 and sends each transaction to the bank that issued the card for that transaction.
  • the issuing and/or billing bank collects all the transactions for each card 204.
  • the monthly statement created by the issuing bank is sent to the cardholder 205.
  • the gateway system e.g., MasterCardTM
  • the gateway system verifies and approves the transaction, along with the acquiring bank and the issuing bank.
  • the actual transaction data is sent from the POS and consists of three levels of data:
  • Level 1 data contains the amount of the transaction
  • Level 2 data contains the tax information (how much sales tax was paid);
  • Level 3 data is the entire text that is printed on the receipt in a structured format with each item and amount clearly identified (can be any length and may be quite long). L3 data shows, for example, how many gallons were purchased or the exact flight details.
  • Retailers identify their customers through a unique identifier, issued to consumers directly in the form of a loyalty card or by another method of identifying returning customers, including a credit card number.
  • a consumer presents a loyalty, debit or credit card at the point of sale 1402.
  • the customer's loyaly, debit, or credit card number is contained in a magnetic strip or electronic chip on or in the card; this number is captured and matched 1404.
  • this is done at the POS or by the retailer when the customer has registered their loyalty directly, while in other embodiments this may be done by a third party who reconciles purchases made by an individual customer to records of the customer's membership in the retailer's loyalty files.
  • the third party can reconcile purchases made by an individual customer to the customer's membership in an affinity group. From any of these capture systems, the merchant received detailed data on the specific purchase made by the consumer often, detailed often to the level of the exact brand, product, packaging and pricing, through the UPC code used by the products 1403.
  • Online affiliate marketers refer consumers to online retailers using online advertising or through an online portal or mall. The customer clicks through to purchase from a particular online retailer or to purchase a particular product that has been identified by the referring site.
  • the affiliate marketer and the online retailer may share a unique identifier that keeps track of the customer using a cookie or a memory-resident program. Either of these places a unique identifier for each customer and each transaction on the customer's computer.
  • a consumer arrives at a website using the consumer's web browser 1501.
  • An identifying cookie is loaded onto the consumer's hard drive or a program resident in this computer's memory is activated 1502.
  • a wide array of data is collected on the consumer's browsing pattern, the purchases made by the consumer directly at this website, whether the consumer responds (clicks through) to an advertisement or offer, or the consumer's selection of a particular retailer or product that the consumer considers purchasing 1502, 1503.
  • the purchase detail data is sent back to the affiliate marketer electronically as well as on a regular basis in printed reports from retailers 1504, 1505.
  • Each retailer has an agreed upon discount or rebate which is which is also sent to the affiliate marketer.
  • the referring affiliate marketer keeps a portion of the rebate.
  • the remaining rebate is sent either by the affiliate marketer or the retailer back to the consumer as a discount on the product purchase.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,345,261 relates to a customer loyalty investment program.
  • U.S Patent No. 6,345,261 relates to a customer loyalty investment program.
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environmental impacts arising as a consequence of the consumer's purchases comprising the steps of providing a credit card to this consumer, obtaining merchant information regarding purchases made with this credit card, mining this merchant information for projected carbon dioxide emission, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, or other environmental impact consequences of the credit card purchases, then providing to this consumer information regarding the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, and/or other environmental impacts projected as a consequence of (1) any single purchase during this billing period, and (2) the aggregate of these purchases using this credit card and checks during this credit card billing period.
  • GHG greenhouse gas
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environmental impacts arising as a consequence of the consumer's purchases comprising the steps of enrolling the customer in an Aligned Program, collecting data from their participation in a loyalty purchase program, aligned purchase program and/ or reward purchase program; registering the participating retailer, matching the consumer's purchases to the retailers' loyalty purchase program records, aligned purchase program records and reward purchase program customer records to the individual consumer, obtaining merchant information regarding purchases made by this consumer, mining this merchant information for projected carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, or other environmental impact consequences of the credit card purchases, then providing to this consumer information regarding the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, or other environmental impacts projected as a consequence of any single purchase during this billing period and (2) the aggregate of these purchases during this billing period.
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environmental impacts arising as a consequence of the consumer's online purchases at an enrolled website comprising the steps of registering online the consumer, obtaining merchant information regarding the consumer's purchases made online, mining this merchant information for projected carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, or other environmental impact consequences of the online purchases, then providing to this consumer information regarding the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, or other environmental impacts projected as a consequence of (1) any single purchase during this billing period and (2) the aggregate of these purchases by the consumer online.
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environmental impacts arising as a consequence of the consumer's purchases of specific products comprising the steps of registering the product, registering the consumer, by collecting data regarding these specific products from POSs, mining this product information for projected carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emission, or other environmental impact consequences of the such purchases, then providing to this consumer information regarding the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, GHG emissions, or other environmental impacts projected as a consequence of (1) any single purchase during this billing period and (2) the aggregate of these purchases during the billing period.
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environmental impacts arising as a consequence of the consumer's use of MPMs comprising the steps of registering the consumer, by collecting data regarding the MPMs used by the consumer during a period of time, mining MPM for projected environmental impact, carbon dioxide emissions, or GHG emission consequences of such items, then providing to this consumer information regarding the amount of projected environmental impacts, carbon dioxide emissions, and/or GHG emissions, as a consequence of (1) any single purchase using a MPM during this billing period and (2) the aggregate of purchases using MPMs during the billing period.
  • the above analysis to provide that provides information to the consumer can include, or consist primarily of, check purchases, or other purchases, made by the consumer.
  • the check purchase information can be provided by the consumer, and in other preferred embodiments, the information for check purchases comes from directly from the consumer's bank.
  • the above information provided to the above consumer is listed on a monthly credit card statement or similar report, hi some of these preferred embodiments, the invention provides an online statement to the consumer, hi some preferred embodiments of the above aspects, the monthly credit card statement contains a listing of the projected environmental impact of any of the purchases that is associated with an environmental impact, hi some preferred embodiments, the invention features providing a statement regarding GHG emissions, including CO 2 emissions, hi some preferred embodiments, the invention provides reports regarding gasoline purchases, and/or purchases for a ticket for travel on an airplane, and/or a ticket for travel on a water craft and/or a ticket for travel on a bus and/or train.
  • the monthly statement provided to the consumer is available on the Internet or via an e-mail message, and allows the consumer to enter information from outside sources regarding the consumer's consumption of items purchased not using a MPM as described by the instant invention.
  • the instant invention can then, if provided with sufficient information by the consumer, calculate the resultant environmental impact, including CO 2 and/or GHG emissions, hi some of these embodiments, the consumer can use the MPM rebate/reward funds to compensate, and/or the consumer can direct that additional payments are to be made.
  • the invention features a method of allowing payment to be made as a consequence of the use of the credit card of the instant invention, a purchase in a loyalty program of the instant invention, a purchase in a reward program of the instant invention, a purchase made online using an MPM of the instant invention, or a purchase of specific products using an MPM of the instant invention.
  • the payment is made to an organization that will use the funds to reduce the environmental impact of the purchase.
  • the environmental impact will be reduced by reducing GHG emissions or the GHG levels in the atmosphere either by reducing future consumption of GHG generators, preventing future emissions, and/or removing GHGs, e.g., CO2, from the atmosphere.
  • the method features allowing the consumer to elect a payment to more fully or completely offset the projected GHG emissions by directing payment to an organization that will use the funds to reduce GHG levels or emissions in the atmosphere either by reducing future emissions from GHG generators, preventing future emissions, and/or capturing and removing atmospheric GHGs, e.g., CO2.
  • the invention can analyze CO 2 emissions, GHG emissions, and/or other environmental impacts.
  • the invention features a data processing apparatus for providing a periodic statement to a consumer wherein this periodic credit card statement provides a record of projected environmental impact and/or GHG emissions as a consequence of said consumer's purchases using MPMs, where the apparatus comprises: a CPU and a memory operatively linked to said CPU; at least one terminal operatively linked to said CPU and said memory; said memory comprising a program capable of being executed by said CPU for:
  • the above apparatus analyzes a gasoline purchase and/or a ticket for travel on an airplane and/or a ticket for travel on a water craft and/or a ticket for travel on a bus and/or a train.
  • the above apparatus is capable of directing a payment to be made as a consequence of the use of the credit card to an organization that will use the funds to reduce GHG levels in the atmosphere either by reducing future consumption, preventing future emissions, removing GHGs, such as CO2, from of the atmosphere and/or otherwise mitigate the environmental impact.
  • the above apparatus is capable of allowing said consumer to elect a further payment to more fully or completely offset the projected GHG emissions by directing payment to an organization that will use the funds to reduce GHG levels in the atmosphere either by reducing future consumption, preventing future emissions, capturing atmospheric CO2, and/or otherwise mitigate the environmental impact.
  • the invention can analyze or offset CO 2 emissions
  • GHG emissions and/or be expanded to include other environmental impacts.
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environment impacts or GHG emissions as a consequence of this consumer's purchases comprising:
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environment impacts or GHG emissions as a consequence of this consumer's purchases comprising:
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environment impacts or GHG emissions as a consequence of this consumer's purchases at an online website comprising:
  • the invention features a method for providing to a consumer a statement of projected environment impacts or GHG emissions as a consequence of this consumer's purchases of registered products comprising:
  • the invention features analysis of a purchase wherein said purchase includes a gasoline purchase and/or a ticket for travel on an airline and/or a ticket for travel on a water craft and/or a ticket for travel on a bus/train.
  • the invention features a payment being made as a consequence of the consumer's use of the credit card of the instant invention, use of checks using an MPM of the instant invention, use of the debit card of the instant invention, purchase under a loyalty purchase program of the instant invention, purchase under a reward purchase program of the instant invention, an online purchase at a registered website of the instant invention, or the purchase of a registered product as described herein to an organization that will use the funds to ameliorate the net projected environment impact and/or GHG emissions resulting from said consumer's credit card purchases.
  • the invention features a payment being made said statement to completely offset the projected net environment impact and/or GHG emissions by directing payment to an organization that will use the funds to ameliorate the net projected environmental impact of said consumer's credit card purchases.
  • the invention features a data processing apparatus for providing a statement to a consumer wherein this statement provides a record of projected environmental impacts as a consequence of the consumer's purchases, comprising a CPU and a memory operatively linked to this CPU; at least one terminal operatively linked to this CPU and this memory; this memory comprising a program capable of being executed by this CPU for:
  • the apparatus analyzes environmental impacts wherein the environmental impact is GHG emissions
  • the purchase analyzed is a gasoline purchase and/or a ticket for travel on an airplane and/or a ticket for travel on a water craft and/or a ticket for travel on a bus and/or train
  • the apparatus is capable of making a payment as a consequence of the use of a credit card of the instant invention, the purchase within a loyalty purchase program of the instant invention, the purchase within a reward purchase program of the instant invention, the purchase at a registered online website of the instant invention, to an organization that will use the funds to ameliorate the net projected environmental impact of this consumer's credit card purchases
  • the apparatus is capable of allowing this consumer to elect a payment on this statement to completely offset the projected net environmental impact by directing payment to an organization that will use the funds to ameliorate the net projected environmental impact of this consumer's credit card purchases.
  • the statement, or a draft statement is provided to the consumer on a secure website or via a secure e-mail message
  • the consumer may enter in purchases made by means which are not able to be monitored during the generation of the online statement.
  • the consumer buys gas using cash, or an alternate means of payment, the consumer can enter this information, or an approximation of this information, into the statement.
  • the instant invention will then calculate the environmental footprint, GHG footprint, or CO 2 footprint, and use the funds available to this consumer to mitigate this footprint
  • a consumer using a credit card operated along the guidelines of the instant invention can supplement the merchant information that is processed automatically, by adding more information that is not otherwise available to the instant invention for calculation. Therefore, a consumer uses the credit card of the instant invention, or the MPM of the instant invention, to monitor his/her/their projected environmental impacts, GHG emissions, or CO 2 emissions.
  • the invention features a method for advertising any one or all of the above aspects and embodiments.
  • Figure 1 Figure 1 depicts a sample credit card which might be used in the instant invention.
  • Figure 2 Figure 2 is a simplified depiction of the data flow occurring after a credit card purchase. Information from the merchant is passed to the gateway and onto the acquiring bank.
  • Figure 3 depicts the location of the software used in the instant invention.
  • the software or apparatus of the instant invention resides alongside, and interfaces with, the issuing bank's software that currently performs the routine processing of credit card transactions.
  • the software or apparatus of the instant invention analyzes the L3 data for each transaction and calculates the environmental impact.
  • Figure 4 represents a simplified overview of the software and its use required to process the information required to generate the monthly statement at the issuing bank.
  • Figure 5 represents a simplified overview of the instant invention's processing of information at the issuing bank for generating the monthly statement that calculates the environmental impact of purchases made.
  • the environmental impact focuses on the GHG emissions.
  • Figure 6 represents of the type of data associated with each level of information available following a credit card purchase. This information can be used to calculate the environmental impact of purchases. Of particular interest to this analysis will be the entries for "Item Description,” “Item Quantity,” and “Item Unit of Measure,” but the analysis may include other entries.
  • Figure 7 depicts a representative chart indicating the variety of environmental impacts that may be monitored by the instant invention. Note that these impacts may occur during resource acquisition, manufacture, transportation, marketing and/or sales. Also note that some of these environmental impacts are not amenable to offset; nevertheless, an individual consumer may be interested in the environmental impacts of their purchases.
  • Figure 8 represents the L3 data present from a hypothetical gasoline purchase.
  • Figure 9 depicts a sample calculation of CO 2 emissions of a gasoline purchase.
  • Figure 10 Represents the L3 data present from an airplane ticket purchase.
  • Figure 1 1 Represents a sample calculation of CO 2 emissions of an airplane trip.
  • Figure 12 depicts a non-limiting example of a page of a sample credit card statement that would be generated by the operation of the instant invention. This is just one page of the credit card statement; it need not be the first page of a credit card statement.
  • the pages of the credit card statement generated by the instant invention may be arrayed in any order. Additionally, the information may be organized and presented to the consumer in a different format on different pages, or in a different manner. Additionally, the monthly statement may be presented without pages as an Internet website or as an e-mailed statement.
  • Figure 13 depicts a non-limiting example of an additional page of an online statement of a sample credit card statement that would be generated through the operation of the instant invention. Although it is referred to herein as the second page, this is meant to be a non- limiting example and it need not be the actual second page of a credit card statement.
  • the pages of the credit card statement generated by the instant invention may be arrayed in any order. Additionally, the information may be organized and presented to the consumer in a different format on different pages, or in a different manner. Additionally, the monthly statement may be presented without pages as in an Internet website or as an e-mailed statement "
  • Figure 14 is a simplified depiction of the data flow occurring after a retail purchase. Information from the merchant is passed to the matching program gateway and to the operator. The retail merchant pays the operator and the operator sends a statement to the consumer including this purchase as part of all the purchases made this month.
  • Figure 14 is a simplified depiction of the data flow occurring after a retail purchase. Information from the merchant is passed to the matching program gateway and to the operator. The retail merchant pays the operator and the operator sends a statement to the consumer including this purchase as part of all the purchases made this month.
  • Figure 15 is a simplified depiction of the data flow occurring after an online retail purchase. Information from the merchant is matched to the consumer using a cookie or resident program and passed on to the operator. The online merchant pays the operator and the operator sends a statement to the consumer including this purchase as part of all the purchases made this month.
  • This invention relates to providing to an individual consumer information to understand and mitigate the environmental impact caused by their daily activities. For example, the invention gives an individual the information to assess their contribution to climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the invention gives them the ability to conveniently mitigate their impact climate change by directing funds towards several options for offsetting their impact on climate change.
  • GHG greenhouse gas
  • the instant invention provides a means for an individual consumer to address the two questions posed above: What am I responsible for? and What can I do?.
  • the instant invention is an innovative and practical solution for answering these questions. By analyzing consumer purchases and determining the environmental impact in general, and the greenhouse gas emissions in particular, of each purchasing decision, the individual's contribution to global warming can be determined accurately. For example, the instant invention will analyze a gasoline purchase to determine how many pounds of carbon dioxide will be generated upon combustion of the purchased gasoline. Another example is to determine the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from an airplane trip by analyzing the amount of fuel used by the airplane and the number of passengers flying. Further, the cash-back/rebate portion of the consumer's credit card bill can be automatically directed to offsetting the carbon dioxide emissions.
  • the instant invention relates to a variety of Minable Purchasing Methods (MPMs) that can analyze the goods and services consumed by an individual, a group, or a company.
  • the purchasing method includes purchases made: (1) using credit cards, (2) using debit cards, (3) using checks, (4) under the terms of a loyalty purchase program, (5) , under the terms of a reward purchase program, (6) online using an identifying cookie or program resident on the purchaser's computer system, and of specific goods and services identified through their UPC code or their registration in a central database of goods and services.
  • the instant invention analyzes the goods and services consumed by an individual or a group holder of a credit card or the use of an MPM. By initially focusing on the use of an MPM as a window to the individual's consumption of goods and services, it is able to accurately gauge the individual's environmental impact.
  • the credit card or MPM system of the instant invention provides the consumer a quick and easy means of accounting for the environmental impact and/or GHG emission consequences of purchases made using the card or MPM.
  • the credit card or MPM user a direct means to compensate or offset their emissions by directing the reward portion of their card or MPM transaction fee, and optionally an additional amount, to a charity or business that works to reduce the environmental impact of the purchases such as offsetting or sequestering atmospheric GHGs such as CO 2 .
  • the instant invention provides the user of the credit card or MPM as described by the instant invention with a rapid reminder as to the impact of her/his/their purchases on environmental impacts such as carbon accumulation and global warming. Further, the instant invention provides the credit card user with a rapid and convenient method to immediately offset the carbon emissions that took place due to his/her/their activities.
  • the next step is to compensate or mitigate or even reduce it.
  • the instant invention provides a convenient and rapid means for an individual to keep track of their carbon emissions.
  • two major sources, gasoline purchases and airline travel are singled out for tracking; this takes advantage of the tendency of many consumers to use their credit card or other MPMs to pay for gasoline and airline tickets.
  • the instant invention can be used to monitor other environmental, ecological or social impacts of an individual's purchases.
  • the instant invention issues a credit card to a user wherein the user utilizes the credit card as it is normally used in commerce (see, e.g., Figure 2).
  • a consumer presents a credit card to a retailer (merchant) for purchasing goods or services; the retailer places a charge against the card by swiping it at a point-of-service (POS) terminal 301.
  • the credit card and transaction amount are verified at the gateway 302 by the credit card system (e.g. the American Express system or the MasterCard system), by the acquiring bank (where the merchant keeps their account, e.g., Wells FargoTM), and by the issuing bank (which issued the card to the consumer, e.g., Citibank).
  • the actual transaction data is sent from the POS.
  • the Ll, L2, and L3 information is sent to the acquiring bank which collects all the transactions to determine how much to pay the merchant along with the accompanying data 303 and sends each transaction with data to the bank that issued the card for that transaction.
  • the issuing bank collects all the transactions for each card 304.
  • the data is mined for items of special interest to the card holder such as the amount of predicted carbon emissions as a result of the user's credit card purchases.
  • the monthly statement created by the issuing bank is sent to the cardholder 305.
  • the software required to perform the instant invention is attached to the normal processing software at the issuing bank 401.
  • the software will analyze the L3 data for each transaction and calculate the environmental impact. In a non-limiting example, it can determine the number of gallons of fuel purchased and calculate the predicted CO 2 emissions resulting from using that amount of fuel. As an additional non-limiting example, it can determine the flight details from an airline ticket transaction and obtain data from the airline about actual fuel consumption and the number of passengers to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions from the flight.
  • the instant invention separately collects those purchases that result in an environmental impact, or in preferred embodiments, separately collects those purchases that have a substantial environmental impact.
  • the instant invention analyzes these transactions and accesses additional information to calculate the environmental impact, hi preferred embodiments, for example, the instant invention calculates the expected carbon emissions based on the gasoline purchases made by the individual card user. It bases this calculation on information on gasoline combustion stored in a database that may be accessed by the software utilized by the instant invention. In some preferred embodiments, the information on gasoline combustion is available on the Internet and the software utilized by the instant invention accesses it from the Internet.
  • the instant invention does not need to resort to abstract concepts such as miles per week or annual expenditures on gasoline purchased at a variable price per gallon.
  • the actual number of gallons of gasoline purchased by the consumer are noted in the merchant's records and is used as the basis of the calculation, hi other preferred embodiments, the octane number, blend, or manufacturer of the gasoline purchased may be used for even more precise calculations of the predicted carbon emissions.
  • the raw number of miles for the trip can be calculated based on known distances between airports. Then, using average fuel efficiency data for jet airplanes and approximating the number of passengers, the gallons per passenger and corresponding GHG emissions can be calculated. However, additional information from the merchant records and directly from the airlines is available, and may optionally be accessed. This information includes such things as the plane used, the actual amount of aviation fuel consumed and the actual number of passengers carried on the plane, which allows an accurate calculation of the gallons per passenger, hi some preferred embodiments, estimating the time spent at various altitudes will allow for greater accuracy as to the effective amount of GHGs emitted corrected for the air pressure and temperature differences at that altitude.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart depicting the standard credit card billing procedures, i.e. the step depicted at Figs. 2 and 3 at 203 and 303, respectively: first, the issuing bank collects Ll, L2 and L3 data 401 from the acquiring banks, frequently via a clearing house. The collected transactions for the month are then consolidated using software known to those of skill in the art 409. Previous payments from the credit card holder 410 are brought into the calculation and used to calculate required payments, debts, fees, and finance charges 411. This information is used to generate the credit card's monthly statement 413. The statement is delivered to the credit card holder 414. In preferred embodiments, the statement is generated to report to the user of the instant invention via the Internet on a secure website 415. In other preferred embodiments, the statement is mailed to the user via a secure e-mail.
  • FIG. 6 depicts the flow of information in an embodiment of the instant invention.
  • the L3 data furnished by merchants to the downstream banks contains a great deal of information.
  • Ll, L2, and L3 information is forwarded to the issuing bank 501.
  • Product and service information that will be used to calculate the environmental impact is extracted from each transaction 502; in preferred embodiments this information comes from L3 credit card information.
  • the computer software required for instant invention will reside along the normal issuing bank software (see, e.g. Fig. 3 at 301).
  • the software can analyze the data from credit card purchases, in preferred embodiments the L3 data, for each transaction and, in preferred embodiments, calculate the GHG emission impact 503. In other preferred embodiments, other aspects of the environmental impact of a given purchase is calculated.
  • the invention calculates the GHG emissions in a slightly different way for purchases under each program, but the end result can be a projection of the amount of GHGs emitted during the entire lifecycle of the product - production, transport, wholesale, retail, and potentially the actual usage of the product. Lifecycle emissions are expressed in terms of their CO 2 -equivalent mass.
  • the calculation methods for credit cards are as outlined above. For other individual types of MPMs, they are as follows:
  • Receiving Data Consumers shopping online using this purchasing method receive a unique identifier using a cookie or a resident program. At the completion of a transaction, the merchant and/or resident program provider reports detailed data on the transaction and shipping method to the operator of the instant invention.
  • Receiving Data Purchases made with credit cards and debit cards registered with the loyalty purchase programs or reward purchase programs will be received by the operator of the instant invention in the same way as described in section on "Credit Card Transaction: Receiving Data" above, as well as through a computer program that matches the credit and/or debit card numbers with the merchant's records and the operator of the instant invention's records. Purchases made with a registered retailer loyalty purchase program card will be reported regularly by the merchant to the operator.
  • GHG Emissions and other environmental impacts will be calculated using a computer program and data that calculates the environmental impacts or GHG emissions resulting from products sold by merchants. Where consumer purchases are broken down into specific products to the UPC/SKU-code level, a computer program uses a product-level database to calculate projected greenhouse gas emissions or other environmental impacts associated with the consumer's entire "shopping cart" for each visit to the merchant. [0097] iii) Purchases of specific goods and services:
  • Receiving Data The operator of the instant invention routinely receives data from merchants selling commodities using a MPM. POS data will specify the UPC and/or SKU code of purchases made by consumers using the MPM. The merchant forwards the data for consumers to the operator of the instant invention.
  • the instant invention determines the number of gallons of fuel purchased and calculates the CO 2 emissions, GHG emissions and/or environmental impacts resulting from using that amount of fuel utilizing standardized information regarding the burning of gasoline in automobile engines 504.
  • This information may optionally include calculations based on the blend, octane rating or manufacturer of the gasoline purchased.
  • the calculation can include modifications based on any or all of the following factors, the type of car or truck, the time of year, and the location (and hence average temperature) of the driving.
  • the instant invention determines any airline flight details from the L3 data (or Ll or L2 data) accompanying the ticket transaction and uses these details to calculate GHG emissions and/or CO 2 emissions 505. This calculation is based on information available in the credit card transaction record and includes the airplane flown and the length of the trip. The length of the trip affects both the gallons of aviation gas burned for the distance, but also the time-at-altitude of the trip which can effect both the amount of fuel burned and impacts the combustion chemistry. In preferred embodiments, the instant invention calculates the effect of the trip both in terms of producing CO 2 and in terms altitude-driven differences in the effective production of GHGs. In preferred embodiments of this embodiment, the instant invention can further obtain data directly from the airline about actual fuel consumption on the flight used and number of passengers on that flight to calculate the per capita greenhouse gas emissions based on the precise flight.
  • environmental impact data regarding the manufacture and offer for sale of product purchased is either obtained from the manufacturer or estimated 506.
  • environmental impact data from a service provider for example, a hotel used by the consumer, is either obtained from the service provider and/or estimated 507.
  • the user of the MPM in this case a credit card may provide information regarding or access to her/his/their utility bills.
  • the impact on the environment may be calculated based on the quantity of natural gas used, the quantity of water used and the (average) energy cost required to provide that water to the serviced address, and the environmental impact of the electricity consumed based on the mix of sources used to generate electricity for that particular serviced address 508.
  • Previous payments from the credit card holder are accessed by the program 510.
  • This data is then fed into a card data processing program, examples of which are known to those of skill in the art, which calculates payments, debts, finance charges, and cash-back rewards (see, e.g., Fig. 4 at 411) to supplement the normal output with information regarding the GHG emission consequences (or environmental consequences) of each purchase or payment 511.
  • Data from environmental, GHG or CO 2 offsetting program 512, and data regarding previous payments, environmental donations, and cash-back or credits is also introduced into the calculations for the monthly statement. This information is used to generate the credit card's monthly statement 513. The statement is delivered to the credit card holder 514.
  • the statement is generated to report to the user of the instant invention via the Internet on a secure website 515 or optionally by e-mail.
  • the statement may be downloaded into accounting software 516.
  • the Internet-accessible statement allows the credit card user to point-and-click to pay their monthly balance, to make additional contributions to offset GHG emission consequences of their purchases, or to select an automatic offset of GHG emission consequences, as explained further below.
  • the consumer is presented with a traditional line itemization of their credit card bill as depicted, a non-limiting example is depicted at Figure 12 1201. Although this is depicted as the first page of the bill, this is not meant to be limiting.
  • the information presented need not be the actual first page of a credit card statement, the pages and/or information of the credit card statement generated by the instant invention may be arrayed in any order. Additionally, the information may be organized and presented to the consumer in a different format on different pages, or in a different manner. Further, the monthly statement may be presented without pages as on an Internet website or as an e-mailed statement.
  • the amount of dollars returned to the user of the MPM via the rebate/reward program may be approximately 1% of total charges 1204 to be automatically directed to offsetting.
  • Figure 13 is an exemplary second page to a credit card statement.
  • the carbon emissions and offset are summarized 1301. A further selection is made available to the consumer at this point to provide additional funds to fully offset the GHG input 1302.
  • the consumer is provided with the option to toggle a setting to automatically contribute funds for a full offset 1303.
  • information about purchases with an environmental impact such as GHG emissions may be brought in from outside sources, such as a banking account.
  • Such information may be brought in by the consumer, or may be automatically brought in via an interface with the bank.
  • the operator of the instant invention selects the means and/or vendors to offset the carbon emissions.
  • the consumer may select the means and/or vendors to offset the carbon emissions.
  • the user of the MPMs, in this case a credit card, of the instant invention may be allowed to chose from several options with regard to the offset: (1) location of the action (local v. global), (2) type of project (wind power, planting trees, school insulation ), and/or (3) investment options (i.e., retiring permits on carbon exchange.
  • the instant invention may feature an enhancement or additional feature to allow users of the MPMs, in this case a credit card, to take action (such as using public transportation, buying greener and energy efficient products, or planting a tree) to reduce their GHG (CO2) debt 1304.
  • the user can then enter this information into the calculations performed to generate the monthly statement to generate credit against their GHG emissions (or environmental impact). In some preferred embodiments, this entry takes place via the Internet.
  • the consumer's performance can be compared: (1) to their own past performance, e.g., last year, to indicate their progress, if any, in reducing emissions, (2) to others' performance using the credit card of the instant invention, and (3) to others' performance in their country or state of residence, e.g., the U.S.A. 1305. Other comparisons may optionally be made.
  • the instant invention produces verifiable net carbon or GHG emissions based on the acquisition of purchase data including transaction types and preferences and compare the change in such emissions with respect to time. It provides an integrated solution linking customer data to sourcing for GHG emission reduction. Further, over time, emission credit acquisition costs can be reduced, thus allowing more effective reduction of GHG emissions. Such an analysis may also be extended to other forms of environmental impact.
  • the instant invention provides for a business and method for providing individual users the credit cards of the instant invention, hi preferred embodiments of the instant invention, the operator issues credit cards to a multiplicity of consumers and collects data regarding their purchases using these credit cards, hi preferred embodiments, the operator of the instant invention then mines the collected purchase information for purchases of materials and services associated with carbon emissions or GHG emissions, hi many preferred embodiments, these materials and services include gasoline purchases and/or airline travel purchases.
  • the operator then individually distributes the monthly bills to each credit card user, and includes in this bill information regarding projected carbon emissions as a result of the credit card user's purchase.
  • the instant invention provides for a business and method for providing individual users other MPMs of the instant invention, hi preferred embodiments, the operator of the instant invention enrolls consumers, groups, companies, and/or others and collects data regarding their purchases using the MPMs. In preferred embodiments, the operator of the instant invention then mines the collected purchase information for purchases of materials and services associated with carbon dioxide emissions or GHG emissions or other environmental impacts. In some preferred embodiments, these materials and services include gasoline purchases and/or airline travel purchases.
  • the operator then individually distributes monthly statements to each user of the MPM, and includes in this statement information regarding projected carbon emissions, GHG emissions, and/or other environmental impacts as a result of the user's purchases.
  • the operator also collects and stores in a database the overall record of purchases both at an individual level and for all users of MPMs such as a credit card monitored distributed by the operator.
  • the operator may optionally use the overall information to compare an individual user both to other users of the instant MPM, e.g., a credit card, and to the individual user at different time periods, hi one example, an individual user's carbon record could be compared to their carbon record in the same month one year earlier.
  • An operator of the instant invention may also sub-license the instant invention to a third- party.
  • third parties include advocacy organizations such as the Sierra ClubTM, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), World Wildlife Fund (WWFTM), Service Employees International Unions (SEIUTM) and commercial partners such as ToyotaTM, FordTM, or even DceaTM or WalmartTM.
  • the MPM of the instant invention may be marketed independently.
  • the MPM such as a credit card may also be marketed in conjunction with another business partner.
  • the credit card of the instant invention could be marketed with major non-profit brands, presumably one associated with environmental concerns.
  • Non-limiting examples of such advocacy organizations include the Sierra ClubTM, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDCTM), World Wildlife Fund (WWFTM), and Service Employees International (SEIUTM).
  • the credit card of the instant invention may be partnered with commercial partners.
  • Non-limiting examples of such organizations include ToyotaTM, FordTM, or even DceaTM or WalmartTM.
  • an organization and/or corporation may issue or enable the MPM of the instant invention as, e.g., a corporate credit card, so that the organization and/or corporation may monitor and offset their environmental impact.
  • the term "consumer” refers to an individual, a group, a corporation, a government, or a non-governmental agency.
  • the term "purchasing method” refers to a method of purchasing goods or services by an individual, a group, or a company including some or all of the following methods: (1) with credit cards, (2) with debit cards, (3) in stores using a loyalty purchase program or a rewards purchase program along with an associated identification number, (4) online using an identifying cookie or program resident on the purchaser's computer system, and of specific goods and services identified through their UPC code or their registration in a central database of goods and services. Many of these purchasing methods require the assistance of a merchant.
  • mining refers to extracting data from the Ll, L2, and L3 levels of information available after a credit card transaction to determine the environmental impact of the purchase.
  • the term "minable purchase method” or "MPM” includes a variety of methods whereby purchases can be made by a consumer where a computerized record can be readily generated of the transaction where the record includes a detailed description of the item and the quantity purchased. Individual methods include (1) credit card sales, (2) loyalty program sales, (3) reward program sales, (4) aligned program sales, (5) online sales at an enrolled website, and (6) sales of a registered product. In certain preferred embodiments of the instant invention, the term “MPM” can include all of the above listed methods, or any individual one of the above listed methods, or any combination of the above listed methods.
  • the term “MPM” may include all six of the above methods, any five of the six, any four of the six, any three of the six, any two of the six, or any one of the six.
  • the term “MPM” may include methods selected from the list consisting of credit card sales, loyalty program sales, reward program sales, aligned program sales, online sales at an enrolled website, and sales of a registered product, but exclude any individual method of the above list; thus credit card sales, loyalty program sales, reward program sales, aligned program sales, online sales at an enrolled website, or sales of a registered product may be individually excluded.
  • the term “MPM” may include any or all of the six above methods, except that the term may define a set that excludes any five of the six, any four of the six, any three of the six, any two of the six, or any one of the six.
  • the term “carbon emission” refers to the carbon emissions that are expected, or projected, to result from a corresponding purchase.
  • the "carbon emission” of a gasoline purchase will be how much carbon dioxide would be released in the atmosphere following total combustion of the purchased volume of gasoline calculated by the chemical arts using standard efficiencies of internal combustion engines.
  • the "carbon emission consequences" of an airline ticket is the expected mass of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by the airplane and distance for which the ticket was issued.
  • the term “GHG consequences” refers to the greenhouse gas emissions that are expected to result from a corresponding purchase.
  • the GHG emissions expected as a consequence of said consumer's purchases, or similar phrases, as used herein, refers to the approach where the amount of GHGs emitted as a result of combustion of purchased gasoline by a chemical analysis by one of ordinary skill in the chemical arts again using standard efficiencies of automobile or internal combustion engines.
  • GHG greenhouse gas
  • gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect of trapping additional solar energy in the earth contributing to a rise in global temperatures.
  • GHGs include especially CO2, but also include methane, NO2, CFCs as well as other gases.
  • carbon record or “carbon footprint” refer to the carbon emissions, or carbon dioxide emissions, resulting from credit card purchases. In preferred embodiments, the term refers to overall purchases made in a defined time period, e.g., one month, and recorded in a database.
  • carbon content refers to the amount of CO 2 embodied in the product or service.
  • e/i credit card refers to a credit card issued and operated by the operator of the instant invention with the name of monitoring the environmental impact, GHG emission and/or CO 2 emission consequences of the purchases made with the credit card.
  • e/i MPM refers to the same concept with regard to a MPM.
  • MPMs plus any purchases added by the consumer where the statement is preferably provided in an online format, such as via the Internet or via e-mail. Thus, the consumer may add information to the statement and select choices regarding the amount and destinations of payments.
  • a statement also may refer to a traditional paper statement such as a monthly credit card bill.
  • octane rating refers to the stated percentage of isooctane mixed with n-heptane in gasoline sold by filling stations; it also refers to gasoline that has the same resistance to knocking (by virtue of other ingredients) as gas made from the stated percentage of isooctane arid heptane.
  • gasoline sold as 91 octane may comprise less than 91% octane, as well it has the resistance to knocking as gas composed of 91% octane and 9% n-heptane. Also, the methods and results of determining this rating can vary with summer and winter ratings and also with the government that establishes the rating is calculated (e.g., United States versus Europe).
  • the "blend" of a gasoline may also be used to calculate the carbon emissions.
  • the blend refers to the amount of ethanol present in the gasoline.
  • GHG emissions including carbon emissions.
  • the term also includes any impact on the environment that can be calculated, however, in most if not all embodiments of the instant invention, the environmental impact is generally an adverse impact and thus suggests the need for mitigation, repair or reversal.
  • the consumer uses the MPM to purchase household batteries, the impact of the manufacturing process in terms of energy and resources used, chemicals used and disposed, the impact of the packaging, as well as the impact of the mercury (if any) present inside the battery can be calculated.
  • the MPM is used to buy a cotton shirt, the resources used to grow the cotton - the water, energy, pesticides, fertilizers - the energy and chemicals used to manufacture and dye the cloth and the energy and resources (human and machine) to distribute the product can be calculated.
  • the invention may include environmental impacts other than GHG emissions.
  • the following list provides a non-limiting list of variables that may be monitored to determine an individual's impact on the environment: electricity generation by hydroelectric power, coal, natural gas, nuclear, wind power, solar power, geothermal power; individual transportation fuel provided by natural gas, propane/lpg, diesel, and or petrol/gasoline; water consumed is normal or grey/reclaimed; resources used include iron, aluminum, copper, lead, gold, silver, mercury, other metals, wood, cotton, organic cotton, other fibers, plywood, foodstuffs; chemicals used: benzene, formaldehyde, chlorine, PFOs, PCBs, synthetic dyes; gas emissions include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, HFCs, PFCs; and waste includes sewage, garbage,
  • “environmental impacts,” may also encompass social impacts such production under a fair trade- type agreement, living wages paid to all people along the manufacturing and supply chain, community impact and/or use of child labor.
  • the term "offset" refers to compensating for the amount of GHG and/or carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by either reducing a future release of GHG and/or carbon dioxide, or by providing a process by which net GHG and/or carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere.
  • ways to reduce future releases include, but are not limited to, retiring a polluter's options to emit CO2, providing for increased use of less-polluting automobiles, installing solar collectors, installing wind-turbines for generating electricity, and reducing public agency energy consumption, e.g., by insulating school buildings.
  • net carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere
  • ways by which net carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere include, but are not limited to, planting trees and ensuring their longevity; seeding algae in abandoned mines; and stimulating algae growth in oceans. Similary, the environmental footprint may also be offset for impacts other than GHG emissions.
  • “reward,” refer to, for example, the cash or value returned to the consumer for the consumer's use of the credit card, or other MPM in a reward/rebate program, as discussed above.
  • Aligned Program refers to an organization formed by people or organizations around a shared interest.
  • a political party may be an aligned program, or the Sierra Club can be an "aligned program.”
  • an aligned program frequently consists of a group of people or organizations desiring to reduce or mitigate civilization's environmental impact, especially as relates to the increase in atmospheric GHGs and.or CO2.
  • Such an aligned program might have as a primary purpose addressing these concerns by participating in the methods of the instant invention by using MPM as described herein.
  • affinity group has a meaning similar to that of "aligned program," in other words, a group of people or organizations sharing a common interest banding together to take steps to further that common interest.
  • Figure 8 is a representative sampling of L3 data from a gasoline purchase in California in the San Francisco Bay area.
  • the vendor, Costco, and the total amount of the purchase are indicated in the first two lines with the date indicated on the third line.
  • the date of the gasoline purchase may be used, in some preferred embodiments, to fine-tune the calculation of GHG emission or CO 2 emission based on the average temperature of the month, either predicted or actual. Tax information is also found in the L3 data.
  • the instant invention is primarily concerned with the line items marked "Item Product Code,” “Item Description,” and the “Item Quantity.” Based on the amount of gasoline purchased, with the expectation that it will be used in an automobile engine, the amount of CO 2 exhausted into the atmosphere may be calculated.
  • Figure 9 represents a flow chart indicating how this data is processed as part of the normal data processing for a credit card statement and bill.
  • the L3 data for the gasoline purchase is accessed at 901.
  • the cost and gasoline volume is extracted 902.
  • the cost is used for preparing the billing statement, and the volume is used to calculate the amount of CO 2 emitted 904; in this example, 326.74 lbs CO 2 emitted.
  • the number used for conversion, 19.55 is known to one of skill in the art, and is obtained from a database associated with the software used by the instant invention or is obtained over the Internet 903.
  • Figure 10 is a representative sampling of L3 data from a airline ticket purchase for a trip from San Francisco to New York.
  • the vendor, United Airlines, and the total amount of the purchase are indicated in the first two lines with the date indicated on the third line. Tax information is also found in the L3 data.
  • the instant invention is primarily concerned with the line items marked "Item Product Code” and "Item Description.” Based on the length of the flight, type of plane, the amount of CO 2 exhausted into the atmosphere per passenger may be calculated.
  • Figure 11 represents a flow chart indicating how this data is processed as part of the normal data processing for a credit card statement and bill.
  • the L3 data for the airline ticket is accessed at 1101.
  • the payment, airport, distance and flight information is extracted 1102.
  • the cost is used for preparing the billing statement, and data selected from the set including, but not limited to, the gallons of fuel used, the gallons of expected to be used, the distance factor (determining the average altitude of the flight), and the number of passengers is used to calculate > the amount of CO 2 or GHG emitted 1103. In this example, the trip resulted in the emission of 4,356 lbs. OfCO 2 emitted.
  • the numbers used for the calculation are known to one of skill in the art, and/or are obtained from a database associated with the software used by the instant invention and/or is obtained over the Internet 1105.
  • a consumer registers an existing credit, debit, or loyalty card with the operator of the instant invention.
  • the consumer shops with a retailer that has also registered and agreed to participate with the operator of the instant invention.
  • Data from the transaction (aggregate purchase price, or detailed product purchase information) is transmitted to a matching program (sometimes a third party).
  • the instant invention calculates the greenhouse gas emissions or other environmental impacts associated with the purchase(s).
  • a statement is sent to the consumer.
  • the merchant contributes money to offsetting the GHG emission-implications (or other environmental impacts) of the purchases.
  • a consumer shops online after registering with the operator of the instant invention.
  • the consumer then shops with a retailer that has an online affiliate program.
  • Data from the transaction (aggregate purchase price, or detailed product purchase information) is transmitted to a matching program (sometimes a third party).
  • the instant invention calculates the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the purchase(s).
  • a statement is sent to the consumer.
  • the merchant sends the online affiliate marketing fee to the operator of the instant invention who contributes money to offsetting the GHG implications of the purchases.
  • Example 5 The consumer obtains a monthly billing statement from a credit card operated according to embodiments of the instant invention either at a secure website or via an e-mail.
  • the consumer enters product information regarding purchases the consumer made, supplying as much detail as is possible.
  • the consumer submits this information to the operator.
  • the operator then automatically calculates the environmental/GHG/CO 2 footprint of the consumer-entered purchases and returns the information to the consumer, or, if the calculation is not possible, prompts the consumer for further information regarding the purchase.
  • the consumer may then elect to allocate funds to mitigate the environmental/GHG/CO 2 footprint of the purchase, either by using the rebate/reward available to the consumer or by using additional funds.
  • the instant invention automatically informs the charitable organization and arranges for a receipt to be delivered to the consumer.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une évaluation automatique de l'impact environnemental, en particulier les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, des achats effectués par un consommateur. La quantification de l'impact est fournie au consommateur sur une base périodique, avec la possibilité d'utiliser toutes récompenses ou remises accordées au consommateur pour modérer automatiquement l'impact du consommateur.
PCT/US2007/026450 2006-12-29 2007-12-28 Détermination de l'impact environnemental d'un individu par analyse de son comportement de consommation WO2008082631A1 (fr)

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WO2010034887A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Nokia Corporation Procédé et appareil de détermination de valeurs d'émission
DE102009053821A1 (de) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reduktion der Schadstoffemission im urbanen Individualverkehr
EP3616145A4 (fr) * 2017-04-24 2021-03-31 Aspiration Partners, Inc. Système et procédé pour déterminer des notes de mesure d'impact sur la base de données de transaction de consommateur
WO2022076412A1 (fr) * 2020-10-06 2022-04-14 Mastercard International Incorporated Systèmes et procédés de liaison d'indices associés à des déterminations d'impact environnemental de transactions
US20220351214A1 (en) * 2019-12-03 2022-11-03 Climate Karma Solutions Inc. System and method for tiered pricing for scarce commodities

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010034887A1 (fr) * 2008-09-23 2010-04-01 Nokia Corporation Procédé et appareil de détermination de valeurs d'émission
DE102009053821A1 (de) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reduktion der Schadstoffemission im urbanen Individualverkehr
EP3616145A4 (fr) * 2017-04-24 2021-03-31 Aspiration Partners, Inc. Système et procédé pour déterminer des notes de mesure d'impact sur la base de données de transaction de consommateur
US20220351214A1 (en) * 2019-12-03 2022-11-03 Climate Karma Solutions Inc. System and method for tiered pricing for scarce commodities
US11734698B2 (en) * 2019-12-03 2023-08-22 Climate Karma Solutions Inc. System and method for tiered pricing for scarce commodities
WO2022076412A1 (fr) * 2020-10-06 2022-04-14 Mastercard International Incorporated Systèmes et procédés de liaison d'indices associés à des déterminations d'impact environnemental de transactions

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