Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the invention relates to novel thiazolyl compounds that are useful as anti- cancer agents.
• This invention also relates to a method of using the compounds in the treatment of proliferative and other types of diseases and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds.
• the invention relates to thiazolyl compounds which inhibit tyrosine kinase enzymes, compositions which contain tyrosine kinase inhibiting compounds and methods of using inhibitors of tyrosine kinase enzymes to treat diseases which are characterized by an overexpression or upregulation of tyrosine kinase activity such as cancer, diabetes, restenosis, arteriosclerosis, psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, angiogenic diseases and immunologic disorders (Powis, G.; Workman P. Signaling Targets For The Development of Cancer Drugs. Anti-Cancer Drug Design (1994), 9: 263-277; Merenmies, J.; Parada, L.
• Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in signal transduction for several cellular functions including cell proliferation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and cell differentiation.
• Inhibitors of these enzymes are useful for the treatment or prevention of proliferative diseases which are dependent on these enzymes.
• Strong epidemiologic evidence suggests that the overexpression or activation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases leading to constitutive mitogenic signaling is an important factor in a growing number of human malignancies.
• Tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in these processes include AbI, CDK' s, EGF, EMT, FGF, FAK, FIk- 1/KDR, Flt-3, GSK-3, GSKbeta-3, HER-2, IGF-IR, IR, Jak2, LCK, MET, PDGF, Src, Tie-2, TrkA, TrkB and VEGF .
• the invention is directed to thiazolyl compounds of formula I that inhibit tyrosine kinase enzymes for the treatment of cancer.
• the invention is directed to methods for treating a condition associated with one or more tyrosine kinase inhibitor comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I and optionally one or more other anticancer agent.
• the invention also provides methods for treating cancer using the compounds of the invention either alone or together with one or more other anticancer agent or therapies, such as radiation.
• the invention provides novel thiazolyl compounds useful as anti-cancer agents, pharmaceutical compositions employing said novel compounds and methods of using said compounds.
• HET is a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group
• A is an aryl or a heteroaryl group
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamido, substituted sulfonamido, alkylsulfone, nitro, thio, thioalkyl, alkylthio, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfmyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, substitute
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or halogen;
• R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamide, substituted sulfonamide, alkylsulfone, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl,
• R 8 and R 9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylidene, substituted alkylidene, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamide, substituted sulfonamide, alkylsulfone, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted
• A is an aryl or a heteroaryl group
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, hydroxy ,hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamido, substituted sulfonamido, alkylsulfone, nitro, thio, thioalkyl, alkylthio, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfmyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, substitute
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or halogen;
• R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamide, substituted sulfonamide, alkylsulfone, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl
• R 8 and R 9 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted carbobicylic or heterobicyclic ring.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamido, substituted sulfonamido, alkylsulfone, nitro, thio, thioalkyl, alkylthio, disubstituted amino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, carboxy, alkoxy carbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, carbamoyl,
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or halogen;
• R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, sulfonamide, substituted sulfonamide, alkylsulfone, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl
• R 8 and R 9 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted carbobicylic or heterobicyclic ring.
• R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, amino, substituted amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, ureido, cyano, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, substituted carbamoyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl or alkylcarbonyl; or
• R 1 and R 2 are taken together to form an optionally substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or halogen
• R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkoxy, nitro, carb
• R 8 and R 9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cyclo
• R 8 and R 9 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted carbobicylic or heterobicyclic ring.
• R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, cyano or halogen
• R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted cyclo
• R 8 and R 9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, oxo, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkanoyl, substituted alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, aminoalkyl, substituted aminoalkyl, alkylamino, substituted alkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, disubstituted amino, amide, substituted amide, carbamate, substituted carbamate, ureido, cyano, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cyclo
• R 8 and R 9 are taken together with the atoms to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted carbobicylic or heterobicyclic ring.
• Representative compounds of the invention include the following: ⁇ L (2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-(2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)thiazol-5- ylthio)picolinamide;
• alkyl refers to straight or branched chain unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
• lower alkyl refers to unsubstituted alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• substituted alkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by, for example, one to four substituents, such as, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, oxo, alkanoyl, aryloxy, alkanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, arylalkylamino, disubstituted amines in which the 2 amino substituents are selected from alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; alkanoylamino, aroylamino, aralkanoylamino, substituted alkanoylamino, substituted arylamino, substituted aralkanoylamino, thiol, alkylthio, arylthio, arylalkylthio, alkylthiono, arylthiono, arylalkylthiono, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfon
• halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• aryl refers to monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in the ring portion, such as phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl and diphenyl groups, each of which may be substituted.
• aryloxy refers to an aryl or substituted aryl bonded to an oxygen; an amino; an alkylamino; a thio; an alkanoylamino; a sulfonyl; an alkoxy; a sulfinyl; a heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; an alkylthio; a carbonyl; an alkenyl; or an alkylsulfonyl, respectively.
• arylsulfonylaminocarbonyl refers to an aryl or substituted aryl bonded to an oxygen; an amino; an alkylamino; a thio; an alkanoylamino; a sulfonyl; an alkoxy; a sulfinyl; a heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; an alkylthio; a carbonyl; an alkenyl; or an alkylsulfonyl, respectively.
• aryloxyalkyl refers to an aryloxy bonded to an alkyl or substituted alkyl; a carbonyl; or an aryl or substituted aryl, respectively.
• arylalkyl refers to an alkyl or substituted alkyl in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to at least one of the carbon atoms is replaced with an aryl or substituted aryl.
• Typical arylalkyls include, but are not limited to, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-l-yl, 2-phenylethen-l-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2- naphthylethan- 1 -yl, 2-naphthylethen-l-yl, naphthobenzyl, and 2-naphthophenylethan- 1-yl.
• arylalkyloxy refers to an arylalkyl bonded through an oxygen linkage (-O-arylalkyl).
• substituted aryl refers to an aryl group substituted by, for example, one to four substituents such as alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, halo, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, arylalkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, thiol, alkylthio, ureido, nitro, cyano, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carbamyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthiono, arylthiono, arylsulfonylamine, sulfonic acid
• the substituent may be further substituted by hydroxy, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl or arylalkyl.
• heteroaryl refers to an optionally substituted, aromatic group for example, which is a 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring system, which has at least one heteroatom and at least one carbon atom- containing ring, for example, pyridine, tetrazole, indazole, thiophene, indole or pyrrolidine.
• alkenyl refers to straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groups of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and most preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, having one to four double bonds.
• substituted alkenyl refers to an alkenyl group substituted by, for example, one to two substituents, such as, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, thiol, alkylthio, alkylthiono, alkylsulfonyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, carboxy, carbamyl, substituted carbamyl, guanidino, indolyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolidyl, pyrid
• substituted alkynyl refers to an alkynyl group substituted by, for example, a substituent, such as, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, thiol, alkylthio, alkylthiono, alkylsulfonyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, carboxy, carbamyl, substituted carbamyl, guanidino and heterocyclyl, e.g.
• a substituent such as, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, thiol, alkylthio, alkylthiono, alkylsulfonyl, sulfonamido, nitro, cyano, carboxy
• alkylidene group refers to an alkylene group consisting of at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• cycloalkyl refers to an optionally substituted, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon ring systems, preferably containing 1 to 3 rings and 3 to 7 carbons per ring which may be further fused with an unsaturated C 3 -C 7 carbocylic ring.
• exemplary groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cycloctyl, cyclodecyl, cyclododecyl, and adamantyl.
• substituents include one or more alkyl groups as described above, or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents.
• heterocycle refers to an optionally substituted, fully saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or nonaromatic cyclic group, for example, which is a 4 to 7 membered monocyclic, 7 to 11 membered bicyclic, or 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring system, which has at least one heteroatom in at least one carbon atom- containing ring.
• Each ring of the heterocyclic group containing a heteroatom may have 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms and sulfur atoms, where the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may also optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatoms may also optionally be quaternized.
• the heterocyclic group may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom.
• Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclic groups include pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, oxetanyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, 2- oxohomopiperazinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 2-oxazepinyl, azepinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyri
• Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclic groups include indolyl, 2,3-dihydro-2- oxo-lH-indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, quinolinyl-N-oxide, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuryl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl (such as furo[2,3- c]pyridinyl, furo[3,l-b]pyridinyl] or furo[2,3-b]pyridinyl), dihydroisoindolyl, dihydroquinazolinyl
• substituents include one or more alkyl or arylalkyl groups as described above or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents.
• smaller heterocyclyls such as, epoxides and aziridines.
• carbocyclic ring or “carbocyclyl” refers to stable, saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, mono or bi cyclic hydrocarbon rings that contain 3- 12 atoms. Particularly, this includes a monocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 atoms or a bicyclic ring containing 9 or 10 atoms.
• Suitable values include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, dihydroindenyl and tetrahydronaphthyl.
• the term "optionally substituted” as it refers to "carbocyclic ring" or “carbocyclyl” herein indicates that the carbocyclic ring may be substituted at one or more substitutable ring positions by one or more groups independently selected from alkyl (preferably lower alkyl), alkoxy (preferably lower alkoxy), nitro, monoalkylamino (preferably a lower alkylamino), dialkylamino (preferably a di[lower]alkylamino), cyano, halo, haloalkyl (preferably trifluoromethyl), alkanoyl, aminocarbonyl, monoalkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl amido (preferably lower alkyl amido), al
• heteroatoms shall include oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
• sulfonamide refers to the group -SO 2 NH 2 .
• substituted amide refers to an amide, sulfonamide, or carbamate, respectively, having at least one hydrogen replaced with a group selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl.
• a substituted sulfonamide refers to the group -SChNR 0 R 11 wherein R 0 and R p are independently selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl, provided at least one of R 0 or R p is a substituted moiety.
• cyano refers to the group -CN.
• cycloalkylalkyl or cycloalkylalkoxy refer to a cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl bonded to an alkyl or substituted alkyl; or an alkoxy, respectively.
• nitro refers to the group -N(O) 2 .
• thio refers to the group -SH.
• alkylthio refers to the group -SR S where R s is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl.
• thioalkyl refers to the group -R 4 S where R* is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl.
• carboxyalkoxy or “alkoxycarbonylalkoxy” refer to a carboxy, or an alkoxycarbonyl, respectively, bonded to an alkoxy.
• arylalkoxycarbonyl refers to an aryl or substituted aryl bonded to an alkoxycarbonyl.
• alkylcarbonyloxy or arylcarbonyloxy refer to the group
• R x is an alkyl or substituted alkyl, or an aryl or substituted aryl, respectviely.
• aminoalkylcarbonyl or “arylaminocarbonyl” refer to an alkyl or substituted alkyl; an amino; an alkylamino or substituted alkylamino; an aminoalkyl or substituted aminoalkyl; or an arylamino, respectively, bonded to a carbonyl.
• aminocarbonylaryl or “aminocarbonylalkyl” refer to an aminocarbonyl bonded to an aryl or substituted aryl; or an alkyl or substituted alkyl, respectively.
• aminocarbonylaryl or “aminocarbonylalkyl” refer to an aminocarbonyl bonded to an aryl or substituted aryl; or an alkyl or substituted alkyl, respectively.
• carboxyalkyl refers to an alkyl or substituted alkyl bonded to a carboxy.
• the compounds of formula I may form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e. non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful, e.g., in isolating or purifying the compounds of this invention.
• the compounds of formula I may form salts with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium, with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine, tributylamine, pyridine and amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• Such salts can be formed as known to those skilled in the art.
• the compounds for formula I may form salts with a variety of organic and inorganic acids.
• Such salts include those formed with hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid and various others (e.g., nitrates, phosphates, borates, tartrates, citrates, succinates, benzoates, ascorbates, salicylates and the like).
• Such salts can be formed as known to those skilled in the art.
• zwitterions in addition, zwitterions (“inner salts”) may be formed.
• solvates e.g., hydrates
• Methods of solvation are generally known in the art.
• All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form.
• the definition of compounds according to the invention embraces all the possible stereoisomers and their mixtures. It very particularly embraces the racemic forms and the isolated optical isomers having the specified activity.
• the racemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization of diastereomeric derivatives or separation by chiral column chromatography.
• the individual optical isomers can be obtained from the racemates from the conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with an optically active acid followed by crystallization.
• Compounds of the formula I may also have prodrug forms. Since prodrugs are known to enhance numerous desirable qualities of pharmaceuticals (e.g., solubility, bioavailability, manufacturing, etc.) the compounds of the present invention may be delivered in prodrug form. Thus, the present invention is intended to cover prodrugs of the presently claimed compounds, methods of delivering the same and compositions containing the same. "Prodrugs" are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers that release an active parent drug of the present invention in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject.
• Prodrugs of the present invention are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
• Prodrugs include compounds of the present invention wherein a hydroxy, amino, or sulfhydryl group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the present invention is administered to a mammalian subject, it cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, or free sulfhydryl group, respectively.
• Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate, and benzoate derivatives of alcohol and amine functional groups in the compounds of the present invention.
• prodrugs are well known in the art.
• prodrug derivatives see: a) Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, (Elsevier, 1985) and Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 112, pp. 309-396, edited by K. Widder, et al. (Acamedic Press, 1985); b) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, edited by Krosgaard- Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Chapter 5, "Design and Application of Prodrugs," by H.
• Bundgaard pp. 113-191 (1991); and c) H. Bundgaard, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 8, 1-38 (1992).
• a method for producing an antiproliferative effect in a warm-blooded animal which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined herein before.
• the anti-proliferative treatment defined herein before may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to a compound of the invention, one or more other substances and/or treatments. Such treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment.
• the compounds of this invention may also be useful in combination with known anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents and treatments, including radiation. If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent within its approved dosage range.
• Compounds of formula I may be used sequentially with known anticancer or cytotoxic agents and treatment, including radiation when a combination formulation is inappropriate.
• anti-cancer agent includes any known agent that is useful for the treatment of cancer including the following: 17 ⁇ -ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, testosterone, prednisone, fluoxymesterone, dromostanolone propionate, testolactone, megestrolacetate, methylprednisolone, methyl-testosterone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, chlorotrianisene, hydroxyprogesterone, aminoglutethimide, estramustine, medroxyprogesteroneacetate, leuprolide, flutamide, toremifene, Zoladex; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors, such as anti-VEGF antibodies (Avastin ® ) and small molecules such as Brivanib, ZD6474 and SU6668; Vatalanib, BAY-43-9006, SUl 1248, CP-547632, and CEP
• Tamoxifen a compound selected from the group consisting of Tamoxifen, MEK-I kinase inhibitors, MAPK kinase inhibitors, PI3 kinase inhibitors; PDGF inhibitors, such as imatinib; anti-angiogenic and antivascular agents which, by interrupting blood flow to solid tumors, render cancer cells quiescent by depriving them of nutrition; castration, which renders androgen dependent carcinomas non- proliferative; inhibitors of non-receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases; inhibitors of integrin signaling; tubulin acting agents such as vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vinflunine, paclitaxel , docetaxel, 7-O-methylthiomethylpaclitaxel, 4-desacetyl-4- methylcarbonatepaclitaxel, 3 ' -fert-butyl-3 ' -N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-4-deacetyl-3
• 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine glutamine antagonists, e.g. DON (AT-125; d-oxo-norleucine); ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; and haematopoietic growth factors.
• Additional cytotoxic agents include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxanthrone, melphalan, hexamethyl melamine, thiotepa, cytarabin, idatrexate, trimetrexate, dacarbazine, L-asparaginase, bicalutamide, leuprolide, pyridobenzoindole derivatives, interferons, and interleukins.
• antiangiogenic agents that work by different mechanisms from those defined herein before (for example, linomide, inhibitors of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 function, angiostatin, razoxane);
• cytostatic agents such as antiestrogens (for example, tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene, droloxifene, iodoxifene), progestogens (for example, megestrol acetate), aromatase inhibitors (for example, anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane), antihormones, antiprogestogens, antiandrogens (for example, flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate), LHRH agonists and antagonists (for example, gosereline acetate, leuprolide), inhibitors of testosterone 5 ⁇ - dihydroreductase (for example, finasteride), farnes, antiest
• antiproliferative/antineoplastic drugs and combinations thereof, as used in medical oncology such as antimetabolites (for example, antifolates such as methotrexate, fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil, purine and adenosine I analogues, cytosine arabinoside); intercalating antitumour antibiotics (for example, ' ⁇ ' — anthracyclines such as doxorubicin, daunomycin, epirubicin and idarubicin, mitomycin-C, dactinomycin, mithramycin); platinum derivatives (for example, cisplatin, carboplatin); alkylating agents (for example, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide nitrosoureas, thiotepa; antimitotic agents (for example, vinca alkaloids like vincris
• the formula I compounds of the invention are of interest for their antiproliferative effects. Such compounds of the invention are expected to be useful in a wide range of disease states including cancer, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
• the compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including (but not limited to) the following:
• - carcinoma including that of the prostate, pancreatic ductal adreno- carcinoma, breast, colon, lung, ovary, pancreas, and thyroid; - tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system, including neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and medullobalstoma; and
• inhibitors could act as reversible cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e.g., benign prostate hyperplasia, familial adenomatosis polyposis, neuro-fibromatosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation and inflammatory bowel I disease ⁇
• the compounds of formula I are especially useful in treatment of tumors having a high incidence of tyrosine kinase activity, such as prostate, colon, brain, thyroid and pancreatic tumors.
• the compounds of the invention may be useful in treatment of sarcomas and pediatric sarcomas.
• a composition (or a combination) of the compounds of this invention development of tumors in a mammalian host is reduced.
• Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the treatment of other cancerous diseases (such as acute myelogenous leukemia) that may be associated with signal transduction pathways operating through kinases such as Flt-3 (Fine-like kinase-3), Tie-2, CDK2, VEGFR, FGFR and IGFR kinases.
• compositions of the invention containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
• Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
• Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water soluble carrier such as polyethyleneglycol or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
• an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
• water soluble carrier such as polyethyleneglycol or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of sterile injectable aqueous solutions.
• the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer' s solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable oil-in- water microemulsion where the active ingredient is dissolved in the oily phase.
• the active ingredient may be first dissolved in a mixture of soybean oil and lecithin.
• the oil solution then introduced into a water and glycerol mixture and processed to form a microemulation.
• the injectable solutions or microemulsions may be introduced into a patient's blood-stream by local bolus injection. Alternatively, it may be advantageous to administer the solution or microemulsion in such a way as to maintain a constant circulating concentration of the instant compound.
• a continuous intravenous delivery device may be utilized.
• An example of such a device is the Deltec CADD-PLUS.TM. Model 5400 intravenous pump.
• compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration.
• This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
• the daily dosage will normally be determined by the prescribing physician with the dosage generally varying according to the age, weight, sex and response of the individual patient, as well as the severity of the patient's symptoms.
• the combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described above and the other pharmaceutically active agent or treatment within its approved dosage range.
• Compounds of formula I may also be administered sequentially with known anticancer or cytotoxic agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate. The invention is not limited in the sequence of administration; compounds of formula I may be administered either prior to or after administration of the known anticancer or cytotoxic agent(s).
• a combination product can, for example, utilize a dosage of the compound of formula I within the dosage range described above and the dosage of another anti-cancer agent/treatment within the approved dosage range for such known anti-cancer agent/treatment. If a combination product is inappropriate, the compound of formula I and the other anti-cancer agent/treatment can, for example, be administered simultaneously or sequentially. If administered sequentially, the present invention is not limited to any particular sequence of administration.
• compounds of formula I can be administered either prior to, or after, administration of the known anti-cancer agent or treatment.
• the compounds may be administered in a dosage range of about 0.05 to 200 mg/kg/day, preferably less than 100 mg/kg/day, in a single dose or in 2 to 4 divided doses.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated CDK2E substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated CDK2E substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• assay buffer 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT.
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of bacterially expressed, CDK2E with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product. Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 30 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; CDK2E, 0.2 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate. IC 50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated FLT3 substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2, 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated FLT3 substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2, 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of FLT3 with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product.
• Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays are ATP, 200 ⁇ M, FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; FLT3, 4.5 nM and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate. IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• GSK3-P [00101] The assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates. The final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated peptide FL-GSK substrate and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35, 25mM ⁇ - glycerolphosphate and 4 mM DTT). The reaction was initiated by the combination of GSK3- ⁇ with substrates and test compounds. The reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated peptide FL-GSK substrate and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35, 25mM ⁇ - glycerolphosphate and 4
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product. Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 30 ⁇ M; FL-GSK substrate, 1.5 ⁇ M; His-GSK3B, 2.4 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated IGF 1 R substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated IGF 1 R substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of IGFl -receptor with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product. Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 25 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; IGFl -Receptor, 14 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate. IC 50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated InsR substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated InsR substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of Insulin Receptor with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phospho
• Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays are ATP, 25 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; Insulin Receptor, 14 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate.
• IC 50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated peptide FL-JAK2 substrate and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35, 25mM ⁇ - glycerolphosphate and 4 mM DTT).
• assay buffer 100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35, 25mM ⁇ - glycerolphosphate and 4 mM DTT.
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of activated JAK2 with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 30 ⁇ M; FL-JAK2 peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; His-CDK5/p25, 2.6 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated LCK substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated LCK substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MnCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of LCK with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product.
• Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 3 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; Lck, 1 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate. IC 50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates
• ATP 1 ⁇ M
• FL-peptide 1.5 ⁇ M
• Brij35 0.015%
• DMSO DMSO
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC 50 ).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate.
• IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates using a Filtermate universal harvester and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at seven concentrations, each in triplicate.
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated P38a substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated P38a substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of activated p38alpha with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 niM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product. Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays is ATP, 20 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M; p38alpha, 6 nM; and DMSO, 1.6%.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates (fluoresceinated PKA substrate peptide and ATP) and test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2, 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• enzyme and substrates fluoresceinated PKA substrate peptide and ATP
• test compounds in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2, 0.015% Brij35 and 4 mM DTT).
• the reaction was initiated by the combination of Protein kinase A with substrates and test compounds.
• the reaction was incubated at room temperature for 60 min. and terminated by adding 30 ⁇ l of 35 mM EDTA to each sample.
• the reaction mixture was analyzed on the Caliper LabChip 3000 by electrophoretic separation of the fluorescent substrate and phosphorylated product.
• Inhibition data were calculated by comparison to no enzyme control reactions for 100% inhibition and vehicle-only reactions for 0% inhibition.
• the final concentration of reagents in the assays are ATP, 20 ⁇ M; FL-peptide, 1.5 ⁇ M, Protein kinase A 1 nM, and DMSO, 1.6%.
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC50).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at eleven concentrations, each in duplicate.
• IC50 values were derived by non-linear regression analysis.
• the assays were performed in U-bottom 384-well plates.
• the final assay volume was 30 ⁇ l prepared from 15 ⁇ l additions of enzyme and substrates
• ATP 1 ⁇ M
• FL-peptide 1.5 ⁇ M
• Protein kinase C-alpha 1 nM
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• Kinase reactions consisted of 0.12ng of baculovirus expressed His-TrkA, 3ug poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), 0.24 ⁇ Ci 33P ⁇ -ATP, 30 ⁇ M ATP in 30 ⁇ l kinase buffer (20mm MOPS, 1OmM MgCl 2 , ImM EDTA, 0.015% Brij-35, O.lmg/ml BSA, 0.0025% Beta-Mercaptoethanol). Reactions were incubated for Ih at 30 0 C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration 8%.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates using a Filtermate universal harvester and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter. Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC 50 ). Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at seven concentrations, each in triplicate.
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• the instant compounds inhibit at least three of the following kinases: FIt- 3, IGFlR, IR, JAK2, Met, TrkA or TrkB with IC 50 values between 0.001 to 1 ⁇ M. More preferred compounds have IC50 values between 0.001 and 0.5 ⁇ M. Most preferred compounds have IC 50 values between 0.001-0.1 ⁇ M. Representative compounds are listed below: 3-Fluoro- ⁇ f -(2-hydroxy-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)pentyl)-4-(2-(pyridin-2- ylamino)thiazol-5-ylthio)picolinamide;
• the compounds of formula I can be prepared in accordance with Scheme I and the general knowledge of one skilled in the art. Tautomers and solvates (e.g., hydrates) of the compounds of formula I are also within the scope of the invention. Methods of solvation are generally known in the art. Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention can be in the free or hydrate form, and can be obtained by methods exemplified in Scheme I.
• the substituted aminothiazole intermediates VI may be prepared via a palladium-patalyzed reaction with a bromo- or chloro-heterocycle or heteroaromatic and 2-aminothiazole.
• These Buckwald/Hartwig type reactions are well-known to those skilled in the art and are performed in toluene, THF or dioxane and involve a palladium catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), tetrakis(triphenylphsophine)palladium (0), palladium (II) acetate and the like, a base such as sodium or potassium carbonate or phosphate and a ligand such as XANTPHOS (9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene.
• a palladium catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), tetrakis(tripheny
• the same type of palladium- coupling reaction may be done with an amino-heterocycle or heteroaromatic and 2-chloro or 2-bromothiazole to give the same desired aminothiazole intermediates VI.
• the substituted aminothiazole intermediates VI may be prepared by the heat-promoted displacement of various chloro- or bromo-heterocycles or heteroaromatics.
• These substituted aminothiazole intermediates VI may be then further substituted to the corresponding bromides VIIb or thiocyanates Vila by reaction with bromine in chloroform or by treatment with bromine and sodium or potassium thiocyanate in methanol.
• the bromides VIIb can then be substituted with various substituted thiopyridines bearing an ester or carboxylic acid in position 2 in presence of sodium methoxide in methanol.
• the thiocyanates Vila may first react with dithiothreitol in methanol and then with various substituted halopyridines bearing an ester or carboxylic acid in position 2 in presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium phosphate.
• ester intermediates VIII may then be saponified to the corresponding acids and coupled with various amines in presence of EDAC (l-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride), hydroxybenzotriazole and a base such as diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine and the like to afford the compounds of type I.
• EDAC l-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride
• hydroxybenzotriazole hydroxybenzotriazole
• a base such as diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine and the like
• n-BuOH n-butyl alcohol
• CDCh Chloroform- ⁇ D?.O: deuterium oxide
• DCM . ⁇ ichiorometharse
• A Primesphere Cl 8, 4.6x30 mm, 2 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B, Solvent A:10% MeCN-90% water-0.1% TFA, Solvent B:90% MeCN-10% water- 0.1% TFA, 4 mL/min., 220 nM.
• B Primesphere Cl 8, 4.6x30 mm, 2 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B, Solvent A: 10% MeCN-90% water-5 mM NH 4 OAc, Solvent B : 90% MeCN- 10% water-5 mM NH 4 OAc, 4 mL/min, 220 nM.
• C ZorbaxSB Cl 8, 4.6x75 mm, 8 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B
• Solvent A 10% MeCN-90% water-0.1% TFA
• Solvent B 90% MeCN-10% water-0.1% TFA, 2.5 mL/min., 220 nM.
• D Primesphere C18, 4.6x30 mm, 2 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B
• Solvent A 10% MeCN-90% water-0.1% TFA
• Solvent B 90% MeCN-10% water- 0.1% TFA, 4 mL/min., 254 nM.
• G Luna 5u Cl 8, 4.6x30 mm, 2 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B, Solvent A: 10% MeCN-90% water-0.1% TFA, Solvent B:90% MeCN-10% water-0.1% TFA, 4 mL/min., 220 nM.
• H ZorbaxSB Cl 8 4.6x75 mm, isocratic, 10% MeCN-90% water-5 mM NH 4 OAc, 2.5 mL/min., 254 nM.
• [00135] M Luna 5u Cl 8, 4.6x30 mm, 2 min. gradient, 0%B to 100%B, Solvent A:10% MeCN-90% water-0.1% TFA, Solvent B:90% MeCN-10% water-0.1% TFA, 4 mL/min., 254 nM.
• N ZorbaxSB Cl 8 4.6x75 mm, 8 min gradient, 10% MeCN-90% water-5 mM NH 4 OAc, 2.5 mL/min., 220 nM.
• Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.269g, 0.293 mmol, 0.004 eq) was then added to the suspension which was heated at 14O 0 C for 4 days. The mixture was cooled down to RT and filtered. The resulting solid was suspended in water and this was stirred for 2 hours, after which, filtration of the suspension gave a light brown solid which was dried overnight under vacuum (10.329g). The toluene filtrate was evaporated and the residue was triturated from methanol to give a solid (1.055 g). The two solids were combined and afforded the title compound (11.384g, 87%).
• Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.198g, 0.216 mmol, 0.004 eq) was then added to the suspension which was heated at 13O 0 C for 1 day. Additional quantities of XANTPHOS (0.374g) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.198g) were added again and the reaction was heated at 13O 0 C overnight. The mixture was cooled down to RT and filtered. The resulting solid was suspended in water and stirred for 1 hour. After filtration, the resulting solid was dried under vacuum overnight. The THF filtrate was evaporated and the residue was triturated from methanol to give a solid.
• Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.32Og, 0.349 mmol, 0.004 eq) was then added to the suspension which was heated at 100 0 C for 5 days. The mixture was cooled down to RT and filtered. The resulting solid was suspended in water and stirred for 1 hour. After filtration, the resulting solid was dried under vacuum overnight and afforded the title material (14.17, 69%) as a solid.
• Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.018g, 0.019 mmol, 0.004 eq) was then added to the suspension which was heated at 13O 0 C for 18 hours. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.018g, 0.019 mmol, 0.004 eq) and XANTPHOS (0.034g, 0.058 mmol, 0.012 eq) were added again and the reaction was stirred for 18 more hours. The same was repeated a second time. The mixture was cooled down to RT and filtered.
• the solid was collected by filtration to give the title material (3.559g) as a solid.
• the filtrate was concentrated to dryness and the resulting solid was dissolved in boiling methanol and allowed to precipitate overnight aided with the addition of some water.
• the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to give the title material (1.451 g) as a solid.
• the aqueous layer from the extraction was acidified with 10% HCl and a precipitate was formed.
• the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water to give the title material (1.559g) as a solid.
• the solids were combined to give the title material (6.569g, 95%).
• PhMgI was prepared by portionwise addition of PhI (1.45 rnL, 12.85 mmol) in Et 2 O (15 rnL) to Mg (942 mg, 38.66 mmol) in Et 2 O (5 niL). Once the reaction was completed, as evidenced by cessation of boiling, 2- aminoacetophenone'HCl (517.5 mg, 3.00 mmol) was added as a solid portionwise with stirring. Once addition was complete, the reaction was heated to reflux for 2.5hr in a 40 0 C water bath. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, ice was added followed by 5OmL of 10% aqueous HCl. The aqueous phase was extracted with ether and basified with NH 4 OH.
• Raney nickel (3Ag) was placed in Parr flask and was washed with MeOH (3x), then l-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)-2-(2-nitro-l -phenyl ethyl)benzene (2.93g, 9.72 mmol) in MeOH (150 niL) was added.
• the flask was installed on a Parr shaker, purged first with argon (3x) then H 2 (3x) then pressurized to ⁇ 35psi and shaken over a weekend. The reaction was depressurized, then was filtered and concentrated to give 3.22 g of an oil.
• the reaction was acidified with IN HCl and washed with diethyl ether.
• the aqueous phase was basified with sat. aq. sodium bicarbonate, extracted with diethyl ether (3x) and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give the crude tert-butyl 3- (neopentylamino)-2,2-diphenylpropylcarbamate (0.055g, 45%) as an oil.
• the title material was prepared by treating a solution of the crude tert- butyl 3-(neopentylamino)-2,2-diphenylpropylcarbamate (0.055g) in dichloromethane (5 niL) with trifluoroacetic acid (1 inL) at 23 0 C for 30 minutes. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the residue was used as such in the next reaction.
• Potassium fert-butoxyde (8.64g, 77 mmol) was added, in one portion, to a cold (0 0 C) solution of Tosmic (6.04g, 27.8 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL) and stirred for 5 min. MeOH (0.2 mL) was then added followed by phenyl(o-tolyl)methanone (1.82g, 9.2 mmol) in one portion. The reaction was warmed up slowly over 12 hours to room temperature. The reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium carbonate and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue.
• a DMF (3mL) suspension of 4-chloropicolinic acid (0.16Og, 1.01 mmol) and sodium hydrogensulfide hydrate (0.225g, 3.03 mmol, 3 eq) was heated to 100 0 C. After 3h, the suspension was diluted with methanol (1OmL), 5-bromo- ⁇ L (pyridine-2- yl)thiazol-2-amine (0.256g, 1.0 mmol, 1 eq, described in the synthesis of thiazoles Example A) was added followed by a solution of sodium methoxide 25% (2mL).
• the mixture was purified on preparative HPLC (ammonium acetate/water/acetonitrile) and freeze dried to give the title compound as a solid (0.024 mg, 24%).
• the product was converted to the HCl salt by dissolving it in ethyl acetate (2 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and treating the mixture with a solution of HCl (4.0 M in dioxane, 0.011 mL, 0.045 mmol, 1 eq). The mixture was concentrated, then diluted with water and lyophilized to give the HCl salt of the title material (0.029g) as a solid.
• a DMF (3mL) solution of methyl 4-chloro-3-fluoropicolinate (0.3 g, 1.58 mmol) was bubbled 10 min with argon, then sodium hydrogensulfide hydrate (0.146 g, 1.98 mmol, 1.25 eq) was added and the mixture was gently heated to 37°C.
• the mixture was diluted with methanol then 5-bromo-/V-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2 -amine (0.404 g, 1.58 mmol, 1 eq, described in the synthesis of thiazoles Example A) was added, followed by a solution of sodium methoxide 25% (0.725 mL, 3.16 mmol, 2 eq).
• the mixture was heated at 65°C for Ih, cooled to 23°C, diluted with water (5ml) and stirred 5 days.
• the mixture was neutralized with HCl IN, concentrated to dryness, suspended in water, sonicated and the resulting solid was collected by filtration.
• the solid was purified on preparative HPLC (TFA/water/acetonitrile) and the fractions were concentrated on speedvac to give the title compound as a solid (0.023g, 4%). The compound was used as such in the next step.
• l-Ainino-2-phenylpentan-2-ol (0.099g, 0.45 mmol, 1.5 eq) was dissolved in NMP (3 mL) and to this solution was added 3-fluoro-4-(2-(pyridin-2- ylamino)thiazol-5-ylthio)picolinic acid (O.lOlg, 0.30 mmol), EDAC (0.089g, 0.45 mmol, 1.5 eq), HOBt (0.042g, 0.30 mmol, leq) and diisopropylethylamine (0.16 mL, 0903 mmol, 3eq). The resulting mixture was stirred at 23°C for 2h.
• Example A (1.103g, 4.08 mmol, 1 eq, described in the synthesis of bromides, Example A) was diluted in methanol (15 mL) and this was treated by the DMF suspension of mercaptopyridine followed by a solution of sodium methoxide (4.6M in methanol, 2.7 mL, 12.24 mmol). The reaction was purged with argon and stirred at 65 0 C for 1 hour. The reaction was then concentrated to remove most of the methanol, diluted in ethyl acetate/THF and acidified with IN HCl. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3x) but part of the compound remained in the aqueous phase. The two phases were combined and evaporated. The residue was then mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide (5N, 8 mL, 40.8 mmol) and methanol followed by water were added. The reaction was stirred at 23 0 C overnight, then acidified with IN HCl.
• Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to a stirring solution of 3-fluoro-/V- (2-(2-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-phenylethyl)-4-(2-(pyridin-2- ylamino)thiazol-5-ylthio)picolinamide (659 mg, 1.10 mmol, described in Example 37) in dichloromethane (20 mL) and was allowed to stir overnight. LCMS of the solution showed complete conversion, with desired (21%) and TFA ester (79%). The reaction was concentrated on the Rotovap. The residue was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and with stirring NaOH (IM, 20 mL) was added.
• the reaction was then diluted with 90% acetonitrile/10% water/0.05% TFA and purified on preparative HPLC (acetonitrile/water/TFA).
• the solid obtained after lyophilization was dissolved in methanol and applied on a SCX SPE cartridge, washed with methanol and eluted with 2M ammonia in methanol/THF.
• the filtrate was evaporated and the residue was triturated in diethyl ether to give the title material (0.064g, 44%) as a solid.
• This was dissolved in acetonitrile and treated with HCl (0. IN in methanol, 1.07 mL, 0.107 mmol). The solution was diluted with water and freeze dried.
• the title material was precipitated by adding water ( ⁇ 200 mL), collected by filtration and dried under high vacuum to give the title material (1.875g, 92%) as a solid.
• the compound was purified by silica gel chromatography (Biotage, dichloromethane/methanol) to give the title material as a solid.
• Methyl 4- chloro-3-fluoropicolinate (1.44g, 7.60 mmol) was added followed by K3PO4 and the stirreing was continued for 7 days.
• Chloropyridine (1.04g) was added since LCMS showed incomplete reaction and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature and then 5 hours at reflux. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature, partially concentrated, poured into water and neutralized with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The resulting solid along with a viscous mass were collected by filtration and redissolved in acetone. The solid was precipitated by the addition of some water and allowing it to sit at room temperature over weekend.
• the product was precipitated by addition of water (35 mL) to the reaction mixture.
• the solid was isolated by filtration and air dried to give the crude title material (412 mg) as a solid.
• This was purified on Biotage silica gel chromatography (10% to 75% acetone in hexane) to give the title material (0.112g, 26%) as an oil/film that solidified.
• the solid was treated with HCl (0.1M in methanol, 2.0 mL), sonicateduntil all was dissolved, diluted with water and lyophilized to give the HCl salt of the title material (0.092g) as a solid.
• Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to a stirring turbid solution of 3- fluoro- ⁇ r -(2-(2-((methoxymethoxy)methyl)phenyl)-2-phenylethyl)-4-(2-(thieno[3,2- c]pyridin-4-ylamino)thiazol-5-ylthio)picolinamide (0.573g, 0.871 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at room tempearature. The reaction immediately cleared and became darker and was stirred overnight.
• the reaction was then concentrated to an oil which was then diluted in THF (20 mL) and treated with aqueous NaOH (IM, 5 mL) to hydro lyze the TFA ester.
• IM aqueous NaOH
• the reaction was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature, then partitioned between water and dichloromethane and the organic phase was separated.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3x) and the combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to afford the title material (0.257g, 48%) as a solid. This solid was suspended in methanol, then HCl (4.2 mL, 0.1 M in MeOH) was added.

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