WO2008075006A1 - Composés de piperldinum pour le traitement de maladies pulmonaires obstructives - Google Patents

Composés de piperldinum pour le traitement de maladies pulmonaires obstructives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008075006A1
WO2008075006A1 PCT/GB2007/004818 GB2007004818W WO2008075006A1 WO 2008075006 A1 WO2008075006 A1 WO 2008075006A1 GB 2007004818 W GB2007004818 W GB 2007004818W WO 2008075006 A1 WO2008075006 A1 WO 2008075006A1
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alkyl
halogen
optionally substituted
substituents independently
independently selected
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PCT/GB2007/004818
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English (en)
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Rhonan Ford
Antonio Mete
Ian Millichip
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Astrazeneca Ab
Astrazeneca Uk Limited
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
    • C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
    • C07D211/46—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4 having a hydrogen atom as the second substituent in position 4
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to N-linked-heterocycle-substituted alkyl esters of monocyclic amino alcohols, a process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, a process for preparing pharmaceutical compositions, their use in therapy and intermediates of use in their preparation.
  • Muscarinic receptors are a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family having five family members M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 and M 5 . Of the five muscarinic subtypes, three (M 1 , M 2 and M 3 ) are known to exert physiological effects on human lung tissue.
  • GPCR G-protein coupled receptor
  • Parasympathetic nerves are the main pathway for reflex bronchoconstriction in human airways and mediate airway tone by releasing acetylcholine onto muscarinic receptors. .
  • Airway tone is increased in patients with respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and for this reason muscarinic receptor antagonists have been developed for use in treating airway diseases.
  • Muscarinic receptor antagonsists often called anticholinergics in clinical practice, have gained widespread acceptance as a first-line therapy for individuals with COPD, and their use has been extensivley reviewed in the literature (e.g. Lee et al, Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2001,1, 223-229).
  • muscarinic receptor antagonists When used to treat respiratory disorders, muscarinic receptor antagonists are typically administered by inhalation. However, when administered by inhalation a significant proportion of the muscarinic receptor antagonist is often absorbed into the systemic circulation resulting in reported side effects such as dry mouth. Additionally, the majority of muscarinic antagonists have a relatively short duration of action requiring that they be administered several times a day. Such a multiple-daily dosing regime is not only inconvenient to the patient but also creates a significant risk of inadequate treatment due to patient non-compliance associated with the frequent repeat dosing schedule.
  • R 1 represents C 1-6 alkyl
  • R represents phenyl or a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, SH, S(O) 0-2 R 10 , NR 11 R 12 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , C(O)NR 15 R 16 , C(O) 2 R 17 , NR 18 S(O) 2 R 19 , NR 20 C(O)R 21 , NR 22 C(O) 2 R 23 , NR 24 C(O)NR 25 R 26 , OR 27 and C 1-6 alkyl which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ; g and h are independently 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy and C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl;
  • R 5 represents C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 6 represents a group of formula (II),
  • R 7 represents C 1-4 alkylene optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ; when w is 0, y is 0; when w is 1, y is 0 or 1;
  • Q represents O, C(O), S(O) 0-2 , NR 9 , -CONR 9 -, -SO 2 NR 9 -, -NR 9 CO-, -NR 9 SO 2 -, -OC(O)-, -
  • R 10 and R 19 each independently represent Ci -6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1 . 6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(Ci -6 alkyl) and N(C] -6 alkyl) 2 ; and
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 each independently represent hydrogen or Ci -6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(Ci -6 alkyl) and N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ; or any of R u and R 12 , R 13 and R 14 , R 15 and R 16 or R 25 and R 26 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, may form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted
  • the compounds of formula (I) comprise an anion X associated with the positive charge on the quaternary nitrogen atom.
  • the anion X may be any pharmaceutically acceptable anion of a mono or polyvalent (e.g. bivalent) acid.
  • X may be an anion of a mineral acid, for example chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, nitrate or phosphate; or an anion of a suitable organic acid, for example acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, methanesulphonate, p-toluenesulphonate, benzenesulphonate or napadisylate (naphthalene- 1 ,5-disulfonate) (e.g. a heminapadisylate).
  • certain compounds of the present invention may exist in solvated, for example hydrated, as well as unsolvated forms. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses all such solvated forms.
  • Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomeric forms.
  • certain compounds of formula (I) e.g. where R 5 and R 6 are different
  • the invention encompasses all geometric and optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures thereof including racemates. Tautomers and mixtures thereof also form an aspect of the present invention.
  • Heteroaryl denotes aromatic ring systems comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and includes monocyclic and bicyclic heteroaromatic rings.
  • bicyclic heteroaryl rings include fused bicyclic ring systems wherein both rings are aromatic or, alternatively, one ring is aromatic and the other ring is non-aromatic.
  • heteroaryl groups may be linked through carbon or nitrogen.
  • Examples of 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl rings according to the present invention include thienyl, furanyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl and triazolyl.
  • 6,6- or 6,5-fused bicyclic heteroaryl rings include indolyl, indazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, triazolopyridinyl and 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-l,2-benzoxazolyl.
  • 'Aliphatic heterocyclic ring denotes non-aromatic monocyclic and bicyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • Aliphatic heterocyclic rings may be saturated or unsaturated. Examples of 4 to 8 membered saturated aliphatic heterocyclic rings according to the present invention include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperazinyl, azepanyl, thiomorpholinyl and azetidinyl.
  • Aryl denotes aromatic carbocyclic rings, for example phenyl or naphthyl.
  • the term 'aliphatic carbocyclic ring' denotes non-aromatic carbocyclic rings, both monocyclic and bicyclic. Examples of 3 to 8 membered aliphatic carbocyclic rings are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • cycloalkyl denotes saturated monocyclic carbocyclic rings. Cycloalkyl groups are monocyclic, for example cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Halogen is for example, fluoro, chloro or bromo.
  • alkyl groups and moieties may be straight or branched chain and include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl.
  • alkylene denotes bivalent alkyl groups , e.g. -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, and -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 -.
  • alkylene groups may incorporate cycloalkyl rings, e.g. an example of a C 4 alkylene is
  • a group may be optionally substitued with one or more substituents the group may be unsubstituted or substituted; when substituted the group will generally be substitued with one, two or three substituents.
  • a hydroxyl moiety will not be attached to a carbon atom which is adjacent to a nitrogen atom.
  • R 1 represents C 1-4 alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl. In an embodiment of the invention, R 1 is methyl.
  • R 2 represents phenyl or thienyl, which phenyl or thienyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , OCF 3 and Ci -4 alkyl which C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 2 represents phenyl or thienyl, which phenyl or thienyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkyl, OMe, CF 3 and OCF 3 .
  • R 2 represents unsubstituted phenyl or unsubstituted thienyl.
  • R 2 represents phenyl, which phenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(Ci -4 alkyl) 2 , OCF 3 and Ci -4 alkyl which Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 2 represents phenyl, which phenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkyl, OMe, CF 3 and OCF 3 .
  • R 2 represents unsubstituted phenyl.
  • R 2 represents thienyl, which thienyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci- 4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , OCF 3 and C 1-4 alkyl which C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 2 represents thienyl, which thienyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci -4 alkyl, OMe, CF 3 and OCF 3 .
  • R 2 represents unsubstituted thienyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1 . 6 alkoxy and C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • heterocyclic rings that R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached may form include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ring.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form a saturated 4 to 8 membered heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy and Ci -6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both directly attached form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl or azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ring, each of which may be may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 4 alkoxy and Ci -4 alkyl which C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both directly attached form a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl or azepanyl ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from halogen and C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both directly attached form an unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl or azepanyl ring.
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both directly attached form a 3,3-dimethyl-azetidinyl ring.
  • g and h are independently 1 or 2. In an embodiment of the invention, the sum of g and h is 3 or 4. In an embodiment of the invention, g is 2 and h is 2. In an embodiment of the invention, g is 2 and h is 1.
  • R 5 represents C 1-4 alkyl, e.g. methyl or ethyl,
  • R 6 represents a group of formula (II)
  • w is 0 and y is 0.
  • R 7 represents C 1-4 alkylene.
  • w is 1; R 7 represents C 1-4 alkylene; and y is 0.
  • R 7 represents C 1-4 alkylene, y is 1 and Q represents O, C(O), SO 2 or CONR 9 , wherein R 9 represents hydrogen or methyl.
  • w is I 5 R 7 represents Ci -4 alkylene, y is 1 and Q represents O or CONH.
  • R 8 represents a cyclic group Cy c ' or a C 1-4 alkyl group optionally substituted by a cyclic group Cy c 2 .
  • Cy c 1 and Cy c 2 represent phenyl or a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl, which phenyl or 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , OCF 3 , phenyl and C 1-4 alkyl, which phenyl or C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • Examples of 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl groups according to this embodiment include isoxazolyl and furanyl.
  • R 6 represents C 1-4 alkyl which Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, heteroaryl and a 3 to 6 membered cycolalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C(O)O(C 1- 4 alkyl), phenyl, a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring and Ci -6 alkyl, which phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring and Cj -6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and cyano.
  • heteroaryl groups include isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.
  • R 6 represents Ci -4 alkyl which Ci -4 alkyl is substituted with a substituent selected from phenyl and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring, which phenyl or 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring may be optionally substituted by fluoro, chloro, hydroxyl, cyano, C(O)O(Ci -4 alkyl), CF 3 , and Ci -6 alkyl.
  • a 5-6 membered heteroaryl groups include isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thienyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.
  • R 6 represents Ci -4 alkyl, which Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci_ 4 alkoxy, phenyl, furanyl and phenoxy, which phenyl, furanyl or phenoxy group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , OCF 3 and C 1-4 alkyl which Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 6 represents Ci-4 alkyl which Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by phenyl, furanyl or phenoxy, which phenyl, furanyl or phenoxy group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkyl, OMe, CF 3 and OCF 3 .
  • R 6 represents C 1-4 alkyl, which C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and C 1-4 alkoxy.
  • R represents -C 1-4 alkylene-Q-R 8 ; wherein Q is O or -CONH-;
  • R represents hydrogen, Cyc or a Ci -4 alkyl group which Ci -4 alkyl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, phenyl and phenoxy, which phenyl and phenoxy may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, C 1-4 alkoxy and OCF 3 ; and
  • Cyc 1 represents phenyl, a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl ring or a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , phenyl and C 1-4 alkyl which phenyl and Ci -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • Examples of 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl groups according to this embodiment include isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl, thienyl and furanyl.
  • R 6 represents -C 1-4 alkylene-Q-Cyc 1 ; wherein Q is -CONH-; and Cyc 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , phenyl and Ci -4 alkyl which phenyl or Cj -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • Examples of a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl according to this embodiment include isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.
  • R 6 represents -CH 2 -Q-CyC 1 ; wherein Q is -CONH-; and Cyc 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(Ci -4 alkyl), N(Ci -4 alkyl) 2 , phenyl and C 1-4 alkyl which phenyl or Cj -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • Examples of a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl according to this embodiment include isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.
  • R 6 represents -CH 2 -Q-CyC 1 ; wherein Q is -CONH-; and Cyc 1 is a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with Ci -4 alkyl.
  • Examples of a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl according to this embodiment include isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl and pyridazinyl.
  • R 6 represents -Ci -4 alkylene-Q-Cyc 1 ; wherein Q is -CONH-; Cyc 1 is a 5 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and C 1-4 alkyl.
  • An example of a 5 membered heteroaryl according to this embodiment is isoxazolyl.
  • R 9 is hydrogen
  • R 10 and R 19 each independently represent Ci -4 alkyl, which Cj -4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl. In an embodiment of the invention, R 10 and R 19 each independently represent C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 each independently represent hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl, which C 1-4 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 each independently represent hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl.
  • the present invention encompasses all optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures thereof including racemates.
  • the compounds of the present invention comprise a chiral centre located at the carbon atom to which each of R 1 , R 2 and NR 3 R 4 are directly attached (the T position).
  • the stereochemical configuration at the 2' is (S), as designated by the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system.
  • the (S) stereoisomer of this embodiment may be present as a mixture with the (R) stereoisomer.
  • the (S) stereoisomer may be present in a racemic (1:1) mixture with the (R) stereoisomer.
  • a further aspect of this embodiment provides a compound of formula (I) wherein the stereochemical configuration at the 2' position is (S) and which compound is optically pure at the 2' position.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein the stereochemical configuration at the 2' position is (R) and which compound is optically pure at the 2' position.
  • the stereochemical configuration at the carbon ring atom attached to the oxygen atom of the ester moiety is (R), as designated by the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system.
  • the (R) stereoisomer of this embodiment may be present as a mixture with the (S) stereoisomer.
  • the (R) stereoisomer may be present in a racemic (1:1) mixture with the (S) stereoisomer.
  • a further aspect of this embodiment provides an optically pure compound of formula (I) wherein g and h are different and the stereochemical configuration at carbon ring atom attached to the oxygen atom of the ester moiety is (R).
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein the stereochemical configuration at the carbon ring atom attached to the oxygen atom of the ester moiety (S) and which compound is optically pure at this position.
  • Compounds of the invention where g and h are different contain two chiral centers, the first at the 2' position and the second at the 3 position.
  • the compounds have two chiral centres, for each compound there are four possible stereoisomers (3R,2'R) (3S,2'S), (3R,2'S) and (3S,2'R), in two enantiomeric pairs [(3R,2'R)/(3S,2'S) and (3R,2'S)/(3S,2'R)].
  • the present invention encompasses all optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures thereof including racemates.
  • compounds of formula (I) wherein g and h are different have a (3R,2'S) configuration.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are optically pure.
  • compounds of formula (I) wherein g and h are different have a (3R,2'R) configuration.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are optically pure.
  • optically pure is defined in terms of enantiomeric excess (e.e.), which is calculated from the ratio of the difference between the amounts of the respective enantiomers present and the sum of these amounts, expressed as a percentage.
  • enantiomeric excess e.e.
  • a preparation containing 95% of one enantiomer and 5% of another enantiomer has an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 90% [i.e. (95-5)/(95+5) x 100].
  • Optically pure compounds according to the present invention have an e.e. of at least 90%.
  • optically pure compounds have an e.e. of at least 95%.
  • optically pure compounds have an e.e.
  • optically pure compounds have an e.e.of at least 90% and a diastereomeric excess (d.e.) of at least 90 % [diastereomeric excess being defined by analogy to enantiomeric excess].
  • optically pure compounds have an e.e. of at least 95% and a d.e.of at least 95%.
  • optically pure compounds have an e.e. of at least 98% and a d.e. of at least 98%.
  • R 1 represents C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 2 represents phenyl or a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, SH, S(O) 0-2 R 10 , NR 11 R 12 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , C(O)NR 15 R 16 , C(O) 2 R 17 , NR 18 S(O) 2 R 19 , NR 20 C(O)R 21 , NR 22 C(O) 2 R 23 , NR 24 C(O)NR 25 R 26 , OR 27 and C 1-6 alkyl which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ; g and h are independently 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl;
  • R 5 represents Q -6 alkyl;
  • R 6 represents a group of formula (IIB),
  • R 7 represents C 1-4 alkylene optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(C 1-6 alkyl) 2 ; when w is 0, y is 0; when w is 1, y is 0 or 1;
  • R represents a cyclic group Cyc or a C 1-4 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(Cj -4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 and a cyclic group Cyc 2 ;
  • Cyc and Cyc represent aryl, heteroaryl, a 3 to 8 membered aliphatic carbocyclic ring or a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, SH, S(O) 0- 2 R 10 , NR 11 R 12 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , C(O)NR 15 R 16 , C(O) 2 R 17 , NR 18 S(O) 2 R 19 , NR 20 C(O)R 21 , NR 22 C(O) 2 R 23 , NR 24 C(O)NR 25 R 26 , OR 27 , phenyl and Ci -6 alkyl which phenyl or Ci -6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci -6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and
  • R 1 ⁇ R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 each independently represent hydrogen or Ci -6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(Ci -6 alkyl) 2 ; or any of R 11 and R 12 , R 13 and R 14 , R 15 and R 16 or R 25 and R 26 , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, may form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and Ci -6 alkyl, which Ci -6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by
  • embodiments of the invention include those wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , g, h and X are as defined herein above in embodiments of the invention concerning compounds of formula (I).
  • the compound of formula (I) is selected from: 1 , 1 -Dimethyl-4- [(2-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin- 1 -ylpropanoyl)oxy]piperidinium X, 4- [(2- Azepan- 1 -y 1-2-pheny lpropanoy l)oxy] -1,1 -dimethylpiperidinium X, 1 , 1 -Dimethyl-4- [(2 -phenyl-2-thiomorpholin-4-y lpropanoy l)oxy]piperidinium X, 1 , 1 -Dimethyl-4- ⁇ [2-(4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2-phenylpropanoyl]oxy ⁇ piperidinium X, 4-( ⁇ 2-[(li?,4S)-2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanoyl ⁇ oxy)-l,l- dimethylpiperidinium X, 4-
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I), which comprises:
  • compound (III) may conveniently take the form of an acid halide (e.g. chloride) as may be prepared by reacting the acid with a suitable reagent (e.g. thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride) in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or toluene, at a temperature in the range of 0 to 100 0 C.
  • a suitable solvent such as heptane, toluene or dichloromethane
  • an additive such as sodium or sodium hydride
  • compound (III) may conveniently take the form of an acid halide (e.g. chloride) as may be prepared by reacting the acid with a suitable reagent (e.g. thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride) in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or toluene, at a temperature in the range of 0 to 100 0 C.
  • reaction of compounds (V) and (VI) or (VIII) and (IX) may be conveniently conducted in the presence of a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile at a temperature in the range of 0 to 100 0 C.
  • a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane or acetonitrile
  • compounds of formula (III) are either commercially available or may be prepared by known chemistry using methods according or analogous to those described in the literature.
  • compounds of formula (III) may be conveniently prepared by treatment of a compound of formula R 1 R 2 C(LG)CO 2 H (X) (or C 1-6 alkyl ester thereof) wherein LG is a leaving group such as bromide, chloride or toluene sulfonyl, with a compound of formula HNR 3 R 4 (XI).
  • reaction of compounds of formula (X) with HNR 3 R 4 may be conveniently conducted in the presence of a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or iV-methyl pyrrolidinone at a temperature in the range of 0 to 100 0 C, optionally with a base such as triethylamine or di/s ⁇ propylethylamine.
  • a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran or iV-methyl pyrrolidinone
  • Compounds of formula R 1 R 2 C(LG)CO 2 H (X)(or C 1-6 alkyl ester thereof) may be conveniently prepared by treatment of a compound of formula R 1 R 2 CHCO 2 H (or C 1-6 alkyl ester thereof) with iV-bromosuccinamide or iV-chlorosuccinamide in a solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, optionally with an additive such as azoisobutyronitrile, trialkylborane or a source of light.
  • compounds of formula R 1 R 2 C(LG)CO 2 H (X) may be conveniently prepared by treatment of a compound of formula R 1 R 2 CHCO 2 H (or C ⁇ alkyl ester thereof) with a base such as lithium dizsopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide or sodium hydride in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether at a temperature in the range of -78 to 3O 0 C followed by treatment with iV-.bromosuccinamide, JV-chlorosuccinamide or bromine.
  • a base such as lithium dizsopropylamide, sodium hexamethyldisilazide or sodium hydride
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether
  • a suitable metal such as lithium, sodium or magnesium halide
  • a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or diethy
  • Further elaboration of the acid (III) may be performed to furnish a C 1-6 alkyl ester by treatment with a C 1-6 alcohol in a solvent such as methanol with an acid catalyst such as toluenesulfonic acid or by treatment of the acid with TMS-diazomethane or diazomethane in a solvent mixture such as tetrahydrofuran / methanol. Further elaboration of the acid may be performed to furnish an acid anhydride or acid halide by treatment with oxalyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride in a solvent such as dichloromethane at a temperature in the range of -20 0 C to 40 0 C.
  • R 1 represents C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 2 represents phenyl or a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, SH, S(O) 0-2 R 10 , NR 11 R 12 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , C(O)NR 15 R 16 , C(O) 2 R 17 , NR 18 S(O) 2 R 19 , NR 20 C(O)R 21 , NR 22 C(O) 2 R 23 , NR 24 C(O)NR 25 R 26 , OR 27 and Ci -6 alkyl which Ci -6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and N(Ci -6 alkyl) 2 ; g and h are independently 1 , 2 or 3;
  • R 3 and R 4 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally contain a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, and which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- ⁇ alkoxy and C 1-6 alkyl, which Ci -6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl;
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or a group of formula (II), wherein w is 0 or 1 ;
  • R 7 represents Ci -4 alkylene optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-6 alkyl) and
  • Q represents O, C(O), S(O) 0-2 , NR 9 , -CONR 9 -, -SO 2 NR 9 -, -NR 9 CO-, -NR 9 SO 2 -, -OC(O)-, -
  • R 8 represents a cyclic group Cyc 1 or a C 1-4 alkyl group which C 1-4 alkyl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci -4 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(C 1-4 alkyl), N(C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , a cyclic group Cyc and OCyc ; and R 8 may additionally represent hydrogen when Q represents O, NR 9 , -CONR 9 -, -
  • Cyc 1 and Cyc 2 each independently represent aryl, heteroaryl, a 3 to 8 membered aliphatic carbocyclic ring or a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, cyano, nitre, SH, S(O) 0-2 R 10 , NR 11 R 12 , S(O) 2 NR 13 R 14 , C(O)NR 15 R 16 , C(O) 2 R 17 ,
  • R 9 represents hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl
  • R 10 and R 19 each independently represent C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Ci-
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 each independently represent hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy, NH 2 , NH(Ci -6 alkyl) and N(Cj -6 alkyl) 2 ; or any of R 11 and R 12 , R 13 and R 14 ,
  • R 15 and R 16 or R 25 and R 26 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached, may form a 4 to 8 membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring, which heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, hydroxyl and C 1-6 alkyl, which C 1-6 alkyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen and hydroxyl.
  • embodiments of the invention include those wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , g and h are as defined herein above in embodiments of the invention concerning compounds of formula (I).
  • Acid addition salts of compounds of formula (V) include the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, methanesulphonate or p- toluenesulphonate salt.
  • Compounds of formula (V) according to the present invention include: 1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin- 1 -ylpropanoate, 1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-azepan- 1 -yl-2-phenylpropanoate, 1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-phenyl ⁇ 2-thiomorpholin-4 ⁇ ylpropanoate, 1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-(4-methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2-phenylpropanoate, l-Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-[(li?,45)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanoate, 1 -Methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-(4-clilorophenyl)-2-piperidin- 1 -ylpropanoate, 1 -Methyl
  • the compounds of the invention have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as anticholinergic agents including muscarinic receptor (Ml, M2, and M3) antagonists, in particular M3 antagonists.
  • Diseases and conditions which may be treated with the compounds include: 1. respiratory tract: obstructive diseases of the airways including: asthma, including bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic, exercise-induced, drug-induced (including aspirin and NSAID-induced) and dust-induced asthma, both intermittent and persistent and of all severities, and other causes of airway hyper-responsiveness; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchitis, including infectious and eosinophilic bronchitis; emphysema; bronchiectasis; cystic fibrosis; sarcoidosis; farmer's lung and related diseases; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; lung fibrosis, including cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias,
  • osteoarthritides associated with or including osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis both primary and secondary to, for example, congenital hip dysplasia; cervical and lumbar spondylitis, and low back and neck pain; rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease; seronegative spondyloarthropathies including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondarthropathy; septic arthritis and other infection- related arthopathies and bone disorders such as tuberculosis, including Potts' disease and Poncet's syndrome; acute and chronic crystal-induced synovitis including urate gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and calcium apatite related tendon, bursal and synovial inflammation; Behcet's disease; primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome; systemic sclerosis and limited scleroderma; systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective
  • arthitides for example rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout or crystal arthropathy
  • other joint disease such as intervertebral disc degeneration or temporomandibular joint degeneration
  • bone remodelling disease such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease or osteonecrosis
  • polychondritits such as osteoporosis, Paget's
  • skin psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis or other eczematous dermatoses, and delay ed-type hypersensitivity reactions; phyto- and photodermatitis; seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus et atrophica, pyoderma gangrenosum, skin sarcoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedema, vasculitides, toxic erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, alopecia areata, male-pattern baldness, Sweet's syndrome, Weber-Christian syndrome, erythema multiforme; cellulitis, both infective and non-infective; panniculitis;cutaneous lymphomas, non-mel
  • eyes blepharitis; conjunctivitis, including perennial and vernal allergic conjunctivitis; ulceris; anterior and posterior uveitis; choroiditis; autoimmune; degenerative or inflammatory disorders affecting the retina; ophthalmitis including sympathetic ophthalmitis; sarcoidosis; infections including viral , fungal, and bacterial;
  • gastrointestinal tract glossitis, gingivitis, periodontitis; oesophagitis, including reflux; eosinophilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, colitis including ulcerative colitis, proctitis, pruritis ani; coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food-related allergies which may have effects remote from the gut (for example migraine, rhinitis or eczema);
  • abdominal hepatitis, including autoimmune, alcoholic and viral; fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver; cholecystitis; pancreatitis, both acute and chronic;
  • nephritis including interstitial and glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome; cystitis including acute and chronic (interstitial) cystitis and Hunner's ulcer; acute and chronic urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, oophoritis and salpingitis; vulvovaginitis; Peyronie's disease; erectile dysfunction (both male and female);
  • allogr-aft rejection acute and chronic following, for example, transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, bone marrow, skin or cornea or following blood transfusion; or chronic graft versus host disease;
  • CNS Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders including CJD and nvCJD; amyloidosis; multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating syndromes; cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis; temporal arteritis; myasthenia gravis; acute and chronic pain (acute, intermittent or persistent, whether of central or peripheral origin) including visceral pain, headache, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain, joint and bone pain, pain arising from cancer and tumor invasion, neuropathic pain syndromes including diabetic, post-herpetic, and HIV-associated neuropathies; neurosarcoidosis; central and peripheral nervous system complications of malignant, infectious or autoimmune processes; 11.
  • cardiovascular atherosclerosis, affecting the coronary and peripheral circulation; pericarditis; myocarditis , inflammatory and auto-immune cardiomyopathies including myocardial sarcoid; ischaemic reperfusion injuries; endocarditis, valvulitis, and aortitis including infective (for example syphilitic); vasculitides; disorders of the proximal and peripheral veins including phlebitis and thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis and complications of varicose veins;
  • oncology treatment of common cancers including prostate, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bowel and colon, stomach, skin and brain tumors and malignancies affecting the bone marrow (including the leukaemias) and lymphoproliferative systems, such as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; including the prevention and treatment of metastatic disease and tumour recurrences, and paraneoplastic syndromes; and, 15.
  • gastrointestinal tract Coeliac disease, proctitis, eosinopilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, indeterminant colitis, irritable bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, non-inflammatory diarrhea, food- related allergies which have effects remote from the gut, e.g., migraine, rhinitis and eczema.
  • the present invention further provides a compound of formula (I), as hereinbefore defined for use in therapy.
  • the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), as hereinbefore defined, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.
  • the term “therapy” also includes “prophylaxis” unless there are specific indications to the contrary.
  • the terms “therapeutic” ands “therapeutically” should be construed accordingly.
  • the present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined, for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (such as irreversible COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined, for treating asthma.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a method of treating a disease state in a mammal suffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprises administering to a mammal in5 need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of chronic obstructived pulmonary disease (COPD) (such as irreversible COPD).
  • COPD chronic obstructived pulmonary disease
  • the present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of asthma.
  • the present invention further provides a method of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (such as irreversible COPD), in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined.
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the present invention further provides a method of treating asthma in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined.
  • a compound of the invention for the therapeutic treatment of a warmblooded animal, such as man, said ingredient is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of the invention as hereinbefore defined and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
  • a process for the preparation of said composition which comprises mixing active ingredient with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will, for example, comprise from 0.05 to 99%w (per cent by weight), such as from 0.05 to 80%w, for example from 0.10 to 70%w, such as from 0.10 to 50% w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered in standard manner for the disease condition that it is desired to treat, for example by topical (such as to the lung and/or airways or to the skin), oral, rectal or parenteral administration.
  • topical such as to the lung and/or airways or to the skin
  • the compounds of this invention may be formulated by means known in the art into the form of, for example, aerosols, dry powder formulations, tablets, capsules, syrups, powders, granules, aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions, (lipid) emulsions, dispersible powders, suppositories, ointments, creams, drops and sterile injectable aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions.
  • a suitable pharmaceutical composition of this invention is one suitable for oral administration in unit dosage form, for example a tablet or capsule, which contains between O.lmg and Ig of active ingredient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention is one suitable for intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.
  • Each patient may receive, for example, an intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular dose of O.Olmgkg "1 to lOOmgkg '1 of the compound, for example in the range of O.lmgkg "1 to 20mgkg “1 of this invention, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day.
  • the intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular dose may be given by means of a bolus injection.
  • the intravenous dose may be given by continuous infusion over a period of time.
  • each patient will receive a daily oral dose, which is approximately equivalent to the daily parenteral dose, the composition being administered 1 to 4 times per day
  • Another suitable pharmaceutical composition of this invention is one suitable for inhaled administration, inhalation being a particularly useful method for administering the compounds of the invention when treating respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be used effectively at doses in the ⁇ g range, for example 0.1 to 500 ⁇ g, 0.1 to 50 ⁇ g, 0.1 to 40 ⁇ g, 0.1 to 30 ⁇ g, 0.1 to 20 ⁇ g, 0.1 to 10 ⁇ g, 5 to 10 ⁇ g, 5 to 50 ⁇ g, 5 to 40 ⁇ g, 5 to 30 ⁇ g, 5 to 20 ⁇ g, 5 to 10 ⁇ g, 10 to 50 ⁇ g, 10 to 40 ⁇ g 10 to 30 ⁇ g, or 10 to 20 ⁇ g of active ingredient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention as hereinbefore defined, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, which is formulated for inhaled administration.
  • metered dose inhaler devices may be used to administer the active ingredient, dispersed in a suitable propellant and with or without additional excipients such as ethanol, surfactants, lubricants or stabilising agents.
  • suitable propellants include hydrocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane (e.g. heptafluoroalkane) propellants, or mixtures of any such propellants.
  • Preferred propellants are P 134a and P227, each of which may be used alone or in combination with other propellants and/or surfactant and/or other excipients.
  • Nebulised aqueous suspensions or, preferably, solutions may also be employed, with or without a suitable pH and/or tonicity adjustment, either as a unit-dose or multi-dose formulations.
  • Dry powder inhalers may be used to administer the active ingredient, alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in the later case either as a finely divided powder or as an ordered mixture.
  • the dry powder inhaler may be single dose or multi-dose and may utilise a dry powder or a powder-containing capsule.
  • Metered dose inhaler, nebuliser and dry powder inhaler devices are well known and a variety of such devices are available.
  • the invention further relates to combination therapies wherein a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of the invention, is administered concurrently or sequentially or as a combined preparation with another therapeutic agent or agents, for the treatment of one or more of the conditions listed.
  • the compounds of the invention may be combined with agents listed below.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents including non-selective cyclo-oxygenase COX-I / COX-2 inhibitors whether applied topically or systemically (such as piroxicam, diclofenac, propionic acids such as naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen and ibuprofen, fenamates such as mefenamic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, azapropazone, pyrazolones such as phenylbutazone, salicylates such as aspirin); selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, lumarocoxib, parecoxib and etoricoxib); cyclo-oxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donors (CINODs); glucocorticosteroids (whether administered by topical, oral, intravepiroxicam, rt
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention together with a cytokine or agonist or antagonist of cytokine function, (including agents which act on cytokine signalling pathways such as modulators of the SOCS system) including alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons; insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I); interleukins (IL) including ILl to 17, and interleukin antagonists or inhibitors such as anakinra; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ⁇ ) inhibitors such as anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (for example infliximab; adalimumab, and CDP-870) and TNF receptor antagonists including immunoglobulin molecules (such as etanercept) and low-molecular- weight agents such as pentoxyfylline.
  • a cytokine or agonist or antagonist of cytokine function including agents which act on cytokine signalling pathways such as modulators of the SOCS
  • the invention relates to a combination of a compound of the invention with a monoclonal antibody targeting B-Lymphocytes (such as CD20 (rituximab), MRA-aIL16R and T-Lymphocytes, CTLA4-Ig, HuMax 11-15).
  • B-Lymphocytes such as CD20 (rituximab), MRA-aIL16R and T-Lymphocytes, CTLA4-Ig, HuMax 11-15.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention with a modulator of chemokine receptor function such as an antagonist of CCRl, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCRlO and CCRl 1 (for the C-C family); CXCRl, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5
  • a modulator of chemokine receptor function such as an antagonist of CCRl, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCRlO and CCRl 1 (for the C-C family); CXCRl, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention with an inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease (MMPs), i.e., the stromelysins, the collagenases, and the gelatinases, as well as aggrecanase; especially collagenase-1 (MMP- 1), collagenase-2 (MMP-8), collagenase-3 (MMP- 13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-IO), and stromelysin-3 (MMP-11) and MMP-9 and MMP- 12, including agents such as doxycycline.
  • MMPs matrix metalloprotease
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, 5 -lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor or 5- lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) antagonist such as; zileuton; ABT-761; fenleuton; tepoxalin; Abbott-79175; Abbott-85761; a N-(5-substituted)-thio ⁇ hene-2- alkylsulfonamide; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolhydrazones; a methoxytetrahydropyrans such as Zeneca ZD-2138; the compound SB-210661; a pyridinyl-substituted 2-cyanonaphthalene compound such as L-739,010; a 2-cyanoquinoline compound such as L-746,530; or an indole or quinoline compound such as MK-591, MK-886, and BAY x 1005.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a receptor antagonist for leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 selected from the group consisting of the phenothiazin-3-ls such as L-651,392; amidino compounds such as CGS-25019c; benzoxalamines such as ontazolast; benzenecarboximidamides such as BIIL 284/260; and compounds such as zafirlukast, ablukast, montelukast, pranlukast, verlukast (MK-679), RG-12525, Ro-245913, iralukast (CGP 45715A), and BAY x 7195.
  • LT leukotrienes
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor such as a methylxanthanine including theophylline and aminophyll ⁇ ne; a selective PDE isoenzyme inhibitor including a PDE4 inhibitor an inhibitor of the isoform PDE4D, or an inhibitor of PDE5.
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist such as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine, terfenadine, astemizole, azelastine, levocabastine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyclizine, or mizolastine; applied orally, topically or parenterally.
  • a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist such as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine, terfenadine, astemizole, azelastine, levocabastine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyclizine, or mizolastine; applied orally, topically or parenterally.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a proton pump
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and an antagonist of the histamine type 4 receptor.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and an alpha- l/alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist vasoconstrictor sympathomimetic agent, such as propylhexedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, naphazoline hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride, xylonietazoline hydrochloride, tramazoline hydrochloride or ethylnorepinephrine hydrochloride.
  • an alpha- l/alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist vasoconstrictor sympathomimetic agent such as propylhexedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, naphazoline hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochlor
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a beta-adrenoceptor agonist (including beta receptor subtypes 1-4) such as isoprenaline, salbutamol, formoterol, salmeterol, terbutaline, orciprenaline, bitolterol mesylate, pirbuterol, or indacaterol or a chiral enantiomer thereof.
  • a beta-adrenoceptor agonist including beta receptor subtypes 1-4
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a chromone, such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium.
  • a chromone such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention with a glucocorticoid, such as flunisolide, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate.
  • a glucocorticoid such as flunisolide, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention with an agent that modulates a nuclear hormone receptor such as PPARs.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention together with an immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig preparation or an antagonist or antibody modulating Ig function such as anti-IgE (for example omalizumab).
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and another systemic or topically-applied anti-inflammatory agent, such as thalidomide or a derivative thereof, a retinoid, dithranol or calcipotriol.
  • a compound of the invention and another systemic or topically-applied anti-inflammatory agent, such as thalidomide or a derivative thereof, a retinoid, dithranol or calcipotriol.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and combinations of aminosalicylates and sulfapyridine such as sulfasalazine, mesalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine; and immunomodulatory agents such as the thiopurines, and corticosteroids such as budesonide.
  • aminosalicylates and sulfapyridine such as sulfasalazine, mesalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine
  • immunomodulatory agents such as the thiopurines, and corticosteroids such as budesonide.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention together with an antibacterial agent such as a penicillin derivative, a tetracycline, a macrolide, a beta-lactam, a fluoroquinolone, metronidazole, an inhaled aminoglycoside; an antiviral agent including acyclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, amantadine, rimantadine, ribavirin, zanamavir and oseltamavir; a protease inhibitor such as indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir; a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, zalcitabine or zidovudine; or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as nevirapine
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a cardiovascular agent such as a calcium channel blocker, a beta- adrenoceptor blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist; a lipid lowering agent such as a statin or a fibrate; a modulator of blood cell morphology such as pentoxyfylline; thrombolytic, or an anticoagulant such as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
  • a cardiovascular agent such as a calcium channel blocker, a beta- adrenoceptor blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist
  • ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
  • angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist
  • a lipid lowering agent such as a statin or a fibrate
  • a modulator of blood cell morphology such as pentoxyfylline
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and a CNS agent such as an antidepressant (such as sertraline), an anti-Parkinsonian drug (such as deprenyl, L-dopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, a MAOB inhibitor such as selegine and rasagiline, a comP inhibitor such as tasmar, an A-2 inhibitor, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, a nicotine agonist, a dopamine agonist or an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), or an anti-Alzheimer's drug such as donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, a COX-2 inhibitor, propentofylline or metrifonate.
  • a CNS agent such as an antidepressant (such as sertraline), an anti-Parkinsonian drug (such as deprenyl, L-dopa, ropini
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention and an agent for the treatment of acute or chronic pain, such as a centrally or peripherally-acting analgesic (for example an opioid or derivative thereof), carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate, amitryptiline or other anti-depressant agent-s, paracetamol, io or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
  • analgesic for example an opioid or derivative thereof
  • carbamazepine for example an opioid or derivative thereof
  • phenytoin for example an opioid or derivative thereof
  • sodium valproate for example an opioid or derivative thereof
  • amitryptiline or other anti-depressant agent-s for example an opioid or derivative thereof
  • paracetamol io or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention together with a parenterally or topically-applied (including inhaled) local anaesthetic agent such as lignocaine or a derivative thereof.
  • a parenterally or topically-applied (including inhaled) local anaesthetic agent such as lignocaine or a derivative thereof.
  • a compound of the present invention can also be used in combination with an anti- osteoporosis agent including a hormonal agent such as raloxifene, or a biphosphonate such as alendronate.
  • a hormonal agent such as raloxifene
  • a biphosphonate such as alendronate.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention together with a: (i) tryptase inhibitor; (ii) platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist; (iii) interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor; (iv) IMPDH inhibitor; (v) adhesion molecule inhibitors including VLA-4 antagonist; (vi) cathepsin; (vii) kinase inhibitor such as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (such as Btk, Itk, Jak3 or MAP, for
  • a serine / threonine kinase such as an inhibitor of a MAP kinase such as p38, JNK, protein kinase A, B or C, or IKK), or a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation (such as a cylin dependent kinase);
  • a MAP kinase such as p38, JNK, protein kinase A, B or C, or IKK
  • a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation such as a cylin dependent kinase
  • glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor such as a cylin dependent kinase
  • kinin-Bl. - or B2. -receptor antagonist such as an inhibitor of a MAP kinase such as p38, JNK, protein kinase A, B or C, or IKK
  • a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation such as a
  • uricosuric agent for example probenecid, sulfinpyrazone or benzbromarone; (xiii) growth hormone secretagogue; (xiv) transforming growth factor (TGF ⁇ ); (xv) platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); (xvi) fibroblast growth factor for example basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); (xvii) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); (xviii) capsaicin cream; (xix) tachykinin NKl or NK3 receptor antagonist such as NKP-608C, SB-233412 (talnetant) or D-4418; (xx) elastase inhibitor such as UT-77 or ZD-0892; (xxi) TNF-alpha converting en ⁇ yme inhibitor (TACE); (xxii) induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor; (xxiii) chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule
  • a compound of the invention can also be used in combination with an existing therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, for example suitable agents include: (i) an antiproliferative/antineoplastic drug or a combination thereof, as used in medical oncology, such as an alkylating agent (for example cis-platin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan or a nitrosourea); an antimetabolite (for example an antifolate such as a fluoropyrimidine like 5-fluorouracil or tegafur, raltitrexed, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea, gemcitabine or paclitaxel); an antitumour antibiotic (for example an anthracycline such as adriamycin, bleomycin, doxorubicin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin-C, dact
  • an agent which inhibits cancer cell invasion for example a metalloproteinase inhibitor like marimastat or an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor function
  • an inhibitor of growth factor function for example: a growth factor antibody (for example the anti-erbb2 antibody trastuzumab, or the anti-erbbl antibody cetuximab [C225]), a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor family (for example an EGFR family tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as N ⁇ (3-chloro-4-fluoro ⁇ henyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3- moipholinopropoxy)qumazolin-4-arnine (gefitinib, AZDl 839), N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,
  • a growth factor antibody for example
  • an antiangiogenic agent such as one which inhibits the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (for example the anti-vascular endothelial cell growth factor antibody bevacizumab, a compound disclosed in WO 97/22596, WO 97/30035, WO 97/32856 or WO 98/13354), or a compound that works by another mechanism (for example linomide, an inhibitor of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 function or an angiostatin);
  • vascular endothelial growth factor for example the anti-vascular endothelial cell growth factor antibody bevacizumab, a compound disclosed in WO 97/22596, WO 97/30035, WO 97/32856 or WO 98/13354
  • a compound that works by another mechanism for example linomide, an inhibitor of integrin ⁇ v ⁇ 3 function or an angiostatin
  • a vascular damaging agent such as combretastatin A4, or a compound disclosed in WO 99/02166, WO 00/40529, WO 00/41669, WO 01/92224, WO 02/04434 or WO 02/08213;
  • an agent used in antisense therapy for example one directed to one of the targets listed above, such as ISIS 2503, an anti-ras antisense;
  • an agent used in a gene therapy approach for example approaches to replace aberrant genes such as aberrant p53 or aberrant BRCAl or BRCA2, GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy) approaches such as those using cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase or a bacterial nitroreductase enzyme and approaches to increase patient tolerance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy such as multi-drug resistance gene therapy; or
  • an agent used in an immunotherapeutic approach for example ex-vivo and in-vivo approaches to increase the immuno
  • adrenoceptor agonist • a phosphodiesterase inhibitor • a ⁇ 2. adrenoceptor agonist
  • the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment may, for example, be a pharmaceutical composition comprising the first and further active ingredients in admixture.
  • the pharmaceutical product may, for example, comprise the first and further active ingredients in separate pharmaceutical preparations suitable for simultaneous, sequential or separate administration to a patient in need thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical product of this embodiment is of particular use in treating respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD or rhinitis.
  • Examples of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include a PDE4 inhibitor such as an inhibitor of the isoform PDE4D, a PDE3 inhibitor and a PDE5 inhibitor.
  • PDE4 inhibitor such as an inhibitor of the isoform PDE4D
  • PDE3 inhibitor a PDE3 inhibitor
  • PDE5 inhibitor examples include the compounds (Z)-3-(3,5-dichloro-4-pyridyl)-2-[4-(2-indanyloxy-5-methoxy-2-pyridyl]propenenitrile, N-[9-amino-4-oxo- 1 -phenyl-3 ,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo [3 ,2, 1 -Jk][1 ,4]benzodiazepin-3 (R)- yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (CI- 1044)
  • Examples of a ⁇ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include metaproterenol, isoproterenol, isoprenaline, albuterol, salbutamol (e.g. as sulphate), formoterol (e.g. as fumarate), salmeterol (e.g. as xinafoate), terbutaline, orciprenaline, bitolterol (e.g. as mesylate), pirbuterol or indacaterol.
  • the ⁇ 2 -adrenoceptor agonist of this embodiment may be a long-acting ⁇ 2 -agonists, for example salmeterol (e.g.
  • Patent No 4,579,854 indacaterol (CAS no 312753-06-3; QAB-149), formanilide derivatives e.g. 3-(4- ⁇ [6-( ⁇ (2R)-2-[3- (formy lamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl] -2-hydroxy ethyl ⁇ amino)hexyl] oxy ⁇ -buty I)- benzenesulfonamide as disclosed in WO 2002/76933, benzenesulfonamide derivatives e.g; 3 -(4- ⁇ [6-( ⁇ (2R)-2-hydroxy-2- [4-hydroxy-3 -(hydroxy-methyl)phenyl]ethyl ⁇ amino)- hexyl] oxy ⁇ buty l)benzenesulfonamide as disclosed in WO 2002/88167, aryl aniline receptor agonists as disclosed in WO 2003/042164 and WO 2005/025555, indole derivatives as disclosed in WO 2004/032921
  • Examples of a modulator of chemokine receptor function that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include a CCRl receptor antagonist.
  • Examples of an inhibitor of kinase function that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include a p38 kinase inhibitor and an IKK inhibitor.
  • protease inhibitor examples include an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase or an inhibitor of MMP 12.
  • Examples of a steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include budesonide, fluticasone (e.g. as propionate ester), mometasone (e.g. as furoate ester), beclomethasone (e.g. as 17- propionate or 17,21-dipropionate esters), ciclesonide, loteprednol (as e.g. etabonate), etiprednol (as e.g. dicloacetate), triamcinolone (e.g.
  • Examples of a modulator of a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist that may be used in the pharmaceutical product according to this embodiment include those described in WO2006/046916.
  • NMR spectra were measured on a Varian Unity Inova spectrometer at a proton frequency of either 300 or 400 MHz.
  • the MS spectra were measured on either an Agilent 1100 MSD G1946D spectrometer or a Hewlett Packard HPl 100 MSD G1946A spectrometer.
  • Preparative HPLC separations were performed using a Waters Symmetry ® or Xterra ® column using 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid: acetonitrile, 0.1% aqueous ammonia: acetonitrile or 0.1% ammonium acetate: acetonitrile as the eluent.
  • Methyl 2-phenyl-2-pyrrolidin-l-ylpropanoate (Example Ia, 0.5 g) and l-methyl-piperidin- 4-ol (0.5 g) in dry toluene (20 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated with sodium hydride (170 mg 60% dispersion in mineral oil). After the initial effervescence subsided the mixture was heated under reflux for 5 h. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between water (150 mL) and diethyl ether (150 mL) and the organic phase collected and dried over MgSO 4 .
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-azepan-l-yl-2-phenylpropanoate (Example 2a, 0.85 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.6 g) and sodium hydride (200 mg, 60% disp in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (0.6 g).
  • Example 2b l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-azepan-l-yl-2- 20 phenylpropanoate
  • Example 2b 0.2 g
  • iodomethane 0.04 mL
  • the product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (150 mg).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-phenyl-2-thiomorpholin-4- ylpropanoate (Example 3a, 0.3 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.33 g) and sodium hydride (110 mg, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (0.34 g).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-2- phenylpropanoate (Example 4a, 0.3 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.28 g) and sodium hydride (70 mg, 60% disp in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (0.27 g).
  • Example 4b The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)- 2-phenylpropanoate (Example 4b, 0.3 g), and iodomethane (0.05 mL) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (270 mg).
  • fert-Butyl (li?,4,S)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate (Example 5b, 3.3g) was treated with TFA (5 mL) at RT. After lOmin the excess TFA was removed under high vacuum and the residue dissolved in acetonitrile (30 mL). The solution was treated with methyl 2-bromo-2-phenylpropanoate (2.8 g), triethylamine (5 mL), and potassium carbonate (3 g) and stirred at 6O 0 C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with water (100 mL), and the products extracted into ether (2 x 150 mL).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-[(li?,45)-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- yl]-2-phenylpro ⁇ anoate (Example 5c, Isomer 2, 0.3 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidines (0.35 g) and sodium hydride (120 mg, 60% disp in mineral oil) according to the method of Example 5d to afford the subtitled compound as an oil (165 mg).
  • Example 5d The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-[( ⁇ R,4S)-2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanoate (Example 5d, 0.33 g) and iodomethane (0.07 mL) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (390 mg).
  • Example 5e The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-[(li?,45)-2- azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-2-phenylpropanoate (Example 5e, Isomer 2, 0.16 g) and iodomethane (0.04 mL) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (200 mg).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-piperidin-l- ylpropanoate (Example 6b, 1 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (1 g) and sodium hydride (0.32 g, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (1.1 g).
  • Example 6c l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-(4 ⁇ chlorophenyl)-2- piperidin-1-ylpropanoate
  • Example 6c 0.2 g
  • iodomethane 40 ⁇ L
  • the product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (0.23 g).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-(4,4-difiuoropiperidin-l-yl) ⁇ 2- phenylpropanoate (Example 7a, 0.2 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.18 g) and sodium hydride (0.06 g, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 15% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the sub-titled compound (0.17 g).
  • Example 7 4- ⁇ [2-(4,4-Difluoropiperidin- 1 -yl)-2-phenylpropanoyl] oxy ⁇ - 1,1- dimethylpiperidinium Iodide
  • Example 7b The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-(4,4-difiuoropiperidin-l- yl)-2-phenylpropanoate (Example 7b, 0.16 g), and iodomethane (80 ⁇ L) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford the titled compound as a colourless solid (0.16 g). m/e 381 [M] +
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l-ylpropanoate (Example 8a, 0.8 g), 4-hydroxy-l-rnethylpiperidine (0.45 g) and sodium hydride (0.15 g, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 15% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (0.5 g).
  • Example 8b The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l- ylpropanoate (Example 8b, 60 mg), and iodomethane (14 ⁇ L) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (80 mg).
  • Racemic methyl 2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l-ylpropanoate was synthesised according to the procedure described in Example 8a.
  • the mixture of enantiomers were separated by chiral hlpc using a chiracel OJ-H column using an isocratic system of 80% /s ⁇ hexane / ethanol to afford the two enantiomers methyl (2S)-2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l-ylpropanoate (Isomer 1) and methyl (2i?)-2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l-ylpropanoate (Isomer 2).
  • Example 5 The sub-titled compound was prepared from methyl (25)-2-phenyl-2-piperidin-l- ylpropanoate (Example 9a, Isomer 1, 0.24 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.3 g) and sodium hydride (0.1 g, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on a silica column, eluting with 15% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the subtitled compound (70 mg).
  • Example 9b The title compound was prepared from 1 -methylpiperidin-4-yl (25)-2-phenyl-2-piperidin- 1 -ylpropanoate (Example 9b, 60 mg), and iodomethane (14 ⁇ L) according to the method of 20 Example 1.
  • the product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (80 mg).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from ethyl 2-piperidin-l-yl-2-(2-thienyl)propanoate (Example 10a, 0.4 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.45 g) and sodium hydride (0.15 g, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by reversed phase hplc on an Xterra column using 0.2% aq ammonia / acetonitrile to afford the subtitled compound (100 mg).
  • Example 10b The title compound was prepared from l-methylpiperidin-4-yl 2-piperidin-l-yl-2-(2- thienyl)propanoate (Example 10b, 100 mg) and iodomethane (20 ⁇ L) according to the method of Example 1. The product was isolated by filtration to afford a colourless solid (120 mg).
  • the sub-titled compound was prepared from ethyl 2-piperidin-l-yl-2-(2-thienyl)propanoate (Example 11a, Isomer 2, 0.22 g), 4-hydroxy-l-methylpiperidine (0.24 g) and sodium hydride (80 mg, 60% disp. in mineral oil) according to the method of Example Ib.
  • the crude product was purified by reversed phase hplc on an Xterra column using 0.2% aq ammonia / acetonitrile to afford the subtitled compound (0.22 g).
  • the affinity (pIC 5 o) of compounds to the M 3 receptor was determined by competition binding of [ 3 H]N-methyl scopolamine (NMS) to CHO-Kl (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell membranes expressing the human muscarinic acetylcholine M 3 receptor (M 3 -ACh) in a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) format.
  • SPA beads were precoated with membranes and then incubated at 2mg of beads per well with with serial dilutions of the compounds of the invention, [ 3 H]NMS at 0.2nM, half Kd (experimentally determined dissociation constant) and assay buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4 containing 5 mM MgCl 2 ). The assay was conducted in a final volume of 200 ⁇ L, in the presence of 1% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Total binding of [ 3 H]NMS was determined in the absence of competing compound and non-specific binding of [ 3 H]NMS was determined in the presence of 1 ⁇ M atropine.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide
  • the plates were incubated for 16 hours at room temperature and then read on Wallac MicrobetaTM using a normalised 3 H protocol.
  • the pIC 5 o defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of compound required for 50% reduction in specific [ H]-NMS binding, was determined .
  • the following table shows the pICsQ figures for representative Examples.
  • the extent of plasma protein binding was determined via equilibrium dialysis of a compound between human plasma and aqueous buffer at 37 0 C and determination of the
  • Dialysis cells (molecular weight cut-off 5000) were prepared by rinsing with water followed by soaking in the dialysis buffer for a minimum of 1 hour.
  • the dialysis buffer
  • I 5 was isotonic buffered saline pH 7.4. Stock solutions of compound in dimethylsulphoxide were prepared at a concentration of 0.5mM. Frozen pooled Human plasma was obtained from volunteers.
  • the stock DMSO solution of a compound was added to the plasma at a ratio of 10 ⁇ l of 20 DMSO to each ml of plasma. This gave a 1% DMSO in plasma solution with each compound at a concentration of 5 ⁇ M.
  • Dialysis cells were then prepared and one half of the cell filled with 750 ⁇ l of dialysis buffer and the other half of the cell with 750 ⁇ l of plasma solution of compound. Once prepared the cells were sealed and placed in an incubator box at 37 0 C. These cells were then rotated for a minimum of 4 hours to equilibrate.
  • the concentration of compound in the samples were determined using MassLynx version 4.1 software (produced by Waters/Micromass) that automatically calculated a calibration curve and the concentration of compound in the cells.
  • Plasma protein binding was determined from the calibration curve as the percentage of compound bound in human plasma (% bound) using the following equation;
  • Dunkin-Hartley guinea-pigs 300 - 60Og were supplied by a designated breeding establishment. Animals were dosed with test compound or vehicle either by inhalation in conscious guinea-pigs or by intratracheal instillation (0.5ml/kg) under recoverable gaseous anaesthesia (5% halothane). Animals were allowed to recover from the anaesthesia prior to the measurement of bronchoconstriction. Up to 48 hours post-dosing guinea-pigs were terminally anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg), the trachea cannulated for artificial ventilation and the jugular vein was cannulated for intravenous administration of methacholine.
  • the guinea-pigs were ventilated using a constant volume respiratory pump (Harvard Rodent Ventilator model 683) at a rate of 60 breath/min and a tidal volume of 5 ml/kg during surgical preparation.
  • Lung function (lung resistance and compliance) was measured in anaesthetised and ventilated guinea-pigs using a pulmonary measurement Flexivent system (SCIREQ 5 Montreal, Canada) connected to the tracheal cannulae.
  • SCIREQ 5 Montreal, Canada pulmonary measurement Flexivent system
  • the animals were ventilated (quasi-sinusoidal ventilation pattern) at 60 breaths/min at a tidal volume of 5 ml/kg.
  • a positive end expiratory pressure of 2-3 CmH 2 O was applied.
  • Respiratory resistance was measured using the Flexivent "snapshot" facility (1 second duration, 1 Hz frequency). Lung resistance and compliance was measured before and after intravenous administration of methacholine (3, 10 and 30 ug/kg). The peak increase in resistance following methacholine challenge was calculated and the effect of the test compound on methacholine-induced lung function changes was calculated.
  • Guinea pigs (450-55Og) supplied by Harlan UK or David Hall, Staffs UK and acclimatised to the in-house facilities for a minimum of three days before use. Guinea pigs were randomly assigned into treatment groups and weighed. Each animal was lightly anaesthetised (4% Halothane) and administered compound or vehicle intranasally (0.5ml/kg) at up to 24 hours before challenge with pilocarpine. At the test time point, guinea pigs were terminally anaesthetised with urethane (25% solution in H 2 0, 1.5g/kg).
  • Saliva production was calculated by subtracting the pre-weighed weight of the pad from each 5 minute period post weighed pad and these numbers added together to produce an accumulation of saliva over 15 minutes. Each 5 minute period could be analysed in addition to the whole 15 minute recording period. Baseline production of saliva was assumed to be constant and multiplied by three to produce a reading for baseline saliva production over 15 minutes.
  • Inhibition of saliva produced by the compound could be calculated by using the following equation: (1 -(Test-baseline)/(Veh-baseline))* 100.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des composés représentés par la formule (I), dans cette formule, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, g, h et X sont tels que définis dans la spécification. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de les préparer, des compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant, un procédé permettant de préparer les compositions pharmaceutiques, leur utilisation à des fins thérapeutiques, et des produits intermédiaires utilisés pour leur préparation.
PCT/GB2007/004818 2006-12-19 2007-12-17 Composés de piperldinum pour le traitement de maladies pulmonaires obstructives WO2008075006A1 (fr)

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US8329729B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2012-12-11 Astrazeneca Ab Quinuclidine derivatives as muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists
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US8207193B2 (en) 2006-11-14 2012-06-26 Astrazeneca Ab Quiniclidine derivatives of (hetero) arylcycloheptanecarboxylic acid as muscarinic receptor antagonists
US8329729B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2012-12-11 Astrazeneca Ab Quinuclidine derivatives as muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists
WO2010072338A1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. Dérivés aminoestérifiés d'alcaloïdes et composition médicinale les incluant
US20100173880A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-08 Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. Alkaloid aminoester derivatives and medicinal composition thereof
EP2206712A1 (fr) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-14 CHIESI FARMACEUTICI S.p.A. Dérivés d'amino-ester d'alcaloïde et sa composition médicale
JP2012513420A (ja) * 2008-12-23 2012-06-14 シエシー ファルマセウティチィ ソシエタ ペル アチオニ アルカロイドアミノエステル誘導体およびその医薬組成物（ｍｅｄｉｃｉｎａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）
US8455646B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2013-06-04 Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. Alkaloid aminoester derivatives and medicinal composition thereof
US8835682B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2014-09-16 Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. Alkaloid aminoester derivatives and medicinal composition thereof
EA020974B1 (ru) * 2008-12-23 2015-03-31 КЬЕЗИ ФАРМАЧЕУТИЧИ С.п.А. Аминоэфирные производные алкалоидов и их медицинские композиции
CN102947298A (zh) * 2010-06-22 2013-02-27 奇斯药制品公司 生物碱氨基酯衍生物及其药物组合物
CN102947298B (zh) * 2010-06-22 2016-03-02 奇斯药制品公司 生物碱氨基酯衍生物及其药物组合物

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