Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
  • C08K5/357—Six-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0001—Post-treatment of organic pigments or dyes
  • C09B67/0014—Influencing the physical properties by treatment with a liquid, e.g. solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
  • C09B67/0025—Crystal modifications; Special X-ray patterns

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to a new C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form
• US5,298,076 discloses a process for coloring a high molecular weight organic material which comprises incorporating an effective pigmenting amount of carbazole dioxazine crude pigment, i.e. C.I. Pigment Violet 23, having a specific surface area of from about 2 to 20 m 2 /g and an average particle size of 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m, into a high molecular weight organic material.
• the process is especially useful for producing multicolor effects and camouflage effects and for use in automotive coatings.
• DE102005008659 relates to a process for the preparation of a transparent dioxazine pigment, such as C.I. Pigment Violet 37, which comprises milling a raw dioxazine pigment in eccentric oscillating mill with at least a grinding container stored at oscillating element and with an exciter unit fastened rigidly to the grinding container.
• a transparent dioxazine pigment such as C.I. Pigment Violet 37
• EP1 199309A1 relates to a process for phase conversion of a methyl-substituted, benzimidazolone-fused dioxazine pigment of composition 0 22 H 12 CbN 6 O 4 having the formula
• phase conversion 4 novel crystal polymorphs are formed which are called phases II, IV, V and Vl and are characterized by means of their X-ray powder diagrams.
• WO9845757 relates to a black-pigmented high molecular weight organic material structured from a radiation-sensitive precursor by irradiation, the pigmentation of which material consists of coloured organic pigments, at least one of which is in latent form before irradiation.
• Example 5 of WO9845757 the synthesis of the following compound
• a radiation-sensitive precursor of C.I. Pigment Violet 37 which is used for coloring high molecular weight organic materials. That is, a thin film comprising the precursor is obtained by spin- coating a glass plate. The film is dried and the precursor is converted to C.I. Pigment Violet 37 by UV light.
• US3,472,844 relates to a new red-violet crystal form (the " ⁇ -modification") of 2,6- benzoylamino-3,7-diethoxy-9,10-diacetylamino-triphendioxazine of the formula
• JP56135556 describes a process for the preparation of dioxazine compounds of formula
• diimide compound of formula I comprising heating a diimide compound of formula I [wherein Ar is a (substituted) aromatic residue; Y is halogen, acylamino or acyloxy], at 100-200 0 C in a polar, aprotic solvent.
• the pigment obtained by finely dividing said dioxazine compound is more excellent in bleed resistance as compared with the conventional one.
• crude C.I. Pigment Violet 37 known to exist in an isometric particle form having a particle size of 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m, can be readily and efficiently converted into an "effect" pigment having a rod-like form by recrystallising the crude C.I. Pigment Violet 37 at high temperature in polar solvents.
• the present invention relates to a C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form.
• the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form has a length of 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m, especially 1 to 30 ⁇ m, a width of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m, especially 0.100 to 0.500 ⁇ m and an average thickness of 0.01 to 0.200 ⁇ m, especially 0.03 to 0.100 ⁇ m.
• New colouristic-properties are obtained with the C.I. Pigment Violet 37, such as, for example, different colours in remission and transmission or developing different colours depending on the viewing angle. Hence, it is predestinated for use as effect pigment, for example, in security applications.
• the new pigment is only interesting in its new and very big crystal dimension.
• the present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form, which comprises
• the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form obtainable according to the invention (1.0 % pigment) is characterized in that
• the colour in claimed is varying form green to brown and then black depending on the crystal length.
• the new colouristic-properties are obtained, i.e. the colour in proficientson is varying form green to brown and then black depending on the crystal length. In all cases the colour in transmission is violet.
• Figure 1 is a microphotograph of the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form obtained in example 1 of the present application and having a violet colour in transmission and a green colour in remission.
• Figure 2 is a microphotograph of the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form obtained in example 1 of the present application and having a violet colour in transmission and a brown colour in remission.
• the novel process for preparation of the rod-like form of C.I. Pigment Violet 37 is conducted by dispersing and partially dissolving crude C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in a polar solvent at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures mean temperatures from 100 0 C to reflux temperature of the solvent, especially from 120 0 C to reflux temperature of the solvent.
• the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in the desired rod-like form is fully obtained by maintaining the temperature at a certain level for a defined time (preferably 120 0 C to reflux and 1 minute to 12 hours). Afterwards the temperature is lowered, preferably to 0 to 50 0 C, especially to 20 to 40 0 C, whereby further crystallisation is inhibited. The suspension is then cooled to room temperature, filtered, the filtrate is washed with water and the pigment is dried.
• the starting C.I. Pigment Violet 37 crude is a conventional commercially available isometric C.I. Pigment Violet 37 crude having a particle size of 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m.
• Suitable polar solvents are N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N- methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP).
• N, N- dimethylformamide and N-methyl-pyrrolidone are preferred and N-methyl-pyrrolidone is most preferred.
• the molar ratio of the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 crude to solvent is 1 :270 to 1 :27, especially 1 :133 to 1 :33.
• the amount of solvent is dependent on the polarity of the solvent, i.e. the solubility of C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in the solvent.
• NMP is present in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight, especially by 4 to 20 parts by weight, per part of pigment.
• a mixture of NMP and C.I. Pigment Violet 37 crude is heated to a temperature of from about 170 0 C to reflux temperature of the NMP and stirred for 1 minute to 12 hours at said temperature.
• the temperature of the mixture is lowered to 20 to 40 0 C to inhibit further crystallisation.
• the suspension is then cooled to room temperature, filtered, the filtrate is washed with water to remove the NMP and the pigment is dried.
• the new colouristic-properties are obtained, i.e. the colour in proficientison is varying form green to brown and then black depending on the crystal length. In all cases, the colour in transmission remains strongly violet.
• the production process of the present invention makes it possible to produce C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form reproducibly in a simple manner.
• C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form of the present invention exhibits a specific shape, a color flop effect and/or different colors in remission/transmission, when incorporated in plastics, paints, printing inks etc. and is easy to disperse.
• the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form of the present invention is very useful for many purposes, such as coloring plastics, glasses, ceramic products, decorative cosmetic preparations and especially coatings and inks, including printing inks, including security printing inks.
• All industrially customary printing processes are suitable, for example screen printing, intaglio printing, bronze printing, flexographic printing and offset printing. It is possible to combine two colours (violet/green) or (violet/brown) in the matrix of the application medium using only one pigment, which effect is considered as unique.
• the pigments of the present invention are also advantageously usable in admixture with transparent and hiding white, color and black pigments and also conventional luster pigments based on metal oxide-coated mica and metal pigments and known (goniochromatic) luster pigments.
• the pigments according to the invention can be used for all customary purposes, for example for colouring polymers in the mass, surface coatings (including effect finishes, including those for the automotive sector) and printing inks, and also, for example, for applications in cosmetics.
• Such applications are known from reference works, for example "Industrielle Organische Pigmente” (W. Herbst and K. Hunger, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim/New York, 2nd, completely revised edition, 1995).
• the high molecular weight organic material for the pigmenting of which the pigments or pigment compositions according to the invention may be used may be of natural or synthetic origin. High molecular weight organic materials usually have molecular weights of about from 10 3 to 10 8 g/mol or even more.
• They may be, for example, natural resins, drying oils, rubber or casein, or natural substances derived therefrom, such as chlorinated rubber, oil-modified alkyd resins, viscose, cellulose ethers or esters, such as ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetobutyrate or nitrocellulose, but especially totally synthetic organic polymers (thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics), as are obtained by polymerisation, polycondensation or polyaddition.
• natural resins drying oils, rubber or casein, or natural substances derived therefrom, such as chlorinated rubber, oil-modified alkyd resins, viscose, cellulose ethers or esters, such as ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetobutyrate or nitrocellulose
• thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics thermoplastics
• polystyrene resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyisobutylene
• substituted polyolefins such as polymerisation products of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters or butadiene, and also copolymerisation products of the said monomers, such as especially ABS or EVA.
• condensation products of formaldehyde with phenols so-called phenoplasts
• condensation products of formaldehyde with urea, thiourea or melamine so-called aminoplasts
• polyesters used as surface-coating resins either saturated, such as alkyd resins, or unsaturated, such as maleate resins; also linear polyesters and polyamides, polyurethanes or silicones.
• the said high molecular weight compounds may be present singly or in mixtures, in the form of plastic masses or melts. They may also be present in the form of their monomers or in the polymerised state in dissolved form as film-formers or binders for surface coatings or printing inks, such as, for example, boiled linseed oil, nitrocellulose, alkyd resins, melamine resins and urea-formaldehyde resins or acrylic resins.
• the pigments or pigment compositions according to the invention as toners or in the form of preparations.
• Suitable agents are, especially, fatty acids containing at least 18 carbon atoms, for example stearic or behenic acid, or amides or metal salts thereof, especially magnesium salts, and also plasticisers, waxes, resin acids, such as abietic acid, rosin soap, alkylphenols or aliphatic alcohols, such as stearyl alcohol, or aliphatic 1 ,2-dihydroxy compounds containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, such as 1 ,2-dodecanediol, and also modified colophonium maleate resins or fumaric acid colophonium resins.
• the texture-improving agents are added in amounts of preferably from 0.1 to 30 % by weight, especially from 2 to 15 % by weight, based on the end product.
• the pigments according to the invention can be added in any tinctorially effective amount to the high molecular weight organic material being pigmented.
• a pigmented substance composition comprising a high molecular weight organic material and from 0.01 to 80 % by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 30 % by weight, based on the high molecular weight organic material, of an pigment according to the invention is advantageous. Concentrations of from 1 to 20 % by weight, especially of about 10 % by weight, can often be used in practice.
• High concentrations for example those above 30 % by weight, are usually in the form of concentrates ("masterbatches") which can be used as colorants for producing pigmented materials having a relatively low pigment content, the pigments according to the invention having an extraordinarily low viscosity in customary formulations so that they can still be processed well.
• masterbatches which can be used as colorants for producing pigmented materials having a relatively low pigment content
• the pigments according to the invention having an extraordinarily low viscosity in customary formulations so that they can still be processed well.
• the pigments according to the invention may be used singly. It is, however, also possible, in order to achieve different hues or colour effects, to add any desired amounts of other colour-imparting constituents, such as white, coloured, black or effect pigments, to the high molecular weight organic substances in addition to the (effect) pigments according to the invention.
• the total amount is preferably from 0.1 to 10 % by weight, based on the high molecular weight organic material.
• the pigmenting of high molecular weight organic substances with the pigments according to the invention is carried out, for example, by admixing such a pigment, where appropriate in the form of a masterbatch, with the substrates using roll mills or mixing or grinding apparatuses.
• the pigmented material is then brought into the desired final form using methods known per se, such as calendering, compression moulding, extrusion, coating, pouring or injection moulding.
• Any additives customary in the plastics industry, such as plasticisers, fillers or stabilisers, can be added to the polymer, in customary amounts, before or after incorporation of the pigment.
• plasticisers for example esters of phosphoric acid, phthalic acid or sebacic acid, to the high molecular weight compounds prior to shaping.
• the high molecular weight organic materials and the pigments according to the invention where appropriate together with customary additives such as, for example, fillers, other pigments, siccatives or plasticisers, are finely dispersed or dissolved in the same organic solvent or solvent mixture, it being possible for the individual components to be dissolved or dispersed separately or for a number of components to be dissolved or dispersed together, and only thereafter for all the components to be brought together.
• Dispersing an pigment according to the invention in the high molecular weight organic material being pigmented, and processing a pigment composition according to the invention, are preferably carried out subject to conditions under which only relatively weak shear forces occur so that the effect pigment is not broken up into smaller portions.
• the colorations obtained, for example in plastics, surface coatings or printing inks, especially in surface coatings or printing inks, more especially in surface coatings, are distinguished by excellent properties, especially by extremely high saturation, outstanding fastness properties, angle dependent color change (flop) and different colors in remission and transmission, when used in plastics.
• the high molecular weight material being pigmented is a surface coating, it is especially a speciality surface coating, very especially an automotive finish.
• the pigment according to the invention is advantageously used for the production of forgery-proof materials from paper and plastic.
• the term forgery-proof materials made from paper is taken to mean, for example, documents of value, such as banknotes, cheques, tax stamps, postage stamps, rail and air tickets, lottery tickets, gift certificates, entry cards, forms and shares.
• the term forgery-proof materials made from plastic is taken to mean, for example, cheque cards, credit cards, telephone cards and identity cards.
• the pigments according to the invention are also suitable for making-up the lips or the skin and for colouring the hair or the nails.
• the invention accordingly relates also to a cosmetic preparation or formulation comprising from 0.0001 to 90 % by weight a pigment according to the invention and from 10 to
• Such cosmetic preparations or formulations are, for example, lipsticks, blushers, foundations, nail varnishes and hair shampoos.
• the pigments may be used singly or in the form of mixtures. It is, in addition, possible to use pigments according to the invention together with other pigments and/or colorants, for example in combinations as described hereinbefore or as known in cosmetic preparations.
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention preferably contain the pigment according to the invention in an amount from 0.005 to 50 % by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.
• Suitable carrier materials for the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention include the customary materials used in such compositions.
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention may be in the form of, for example, sticks, ointments, creams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, powders or solutions. They are, for example, lipsticks, mascara preparations, blushers, eye-shadows, foundations, eyeliners, powder or nail varnishes.
• the preparations are in the form of sticks, for example lipsticks, eye-shadows, blushers or foundations
• the preparations consist for a considerable part of fatty components, which may consist of one or more waxes, for example ozokerite, lanolin, lanolin alcohol, hydrogenated lanolin, acetylated lanolin, lanolin wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cocoa butter, lanolin fatty acids, petrolatum, petroleum jelly, mono-, di- or tri-glycerides or fatty esters thereof that are solid at 25°C, silicone waxes, such as methyloctadecane-oxypolysiloxane and poly(dimethylsiloxy)- stearoxysiloxane, stearic acid monoethanolamine, colophane and derivatives thereof, such as glycol abietates and glycerol abietates, hydrogenated
• the fatty component may also consist of a mixture of at least one wax and at least one oil, in which case the following oils, for example, are suitable: paraffin oil, purcelline oil, perhydrosqualene, sweet almond oil, avocado oil, calophyllum oil, castor oil, sesame oil, jojoba oil, mineral oils having a boiling point of about from 310 to 410 0 C, silicone oils, such as dimethylpolysiloxane, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cereal grain oils, such as wheatgerm oil, isopropyl lanolate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, butyl myristate, cetyl myristate, hexadecyl stearate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, acetyl glycerides, octanoates and decanoates of alcohols and polyal
• the fatty components in such preparations in the form of sticks may generally constitute up to 99.91 % by weight of the total weight of the preparation.
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention may additionally comprise further constituents, such as, for example, glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, monoalkanolamides, non-coloured polymeric, inorganic or organic fillers, preservatives, UV filters or other adjuvants and additives customary in cosmetics, for example a natural or synthetic or partially synthetic di- or tri-glyceride, a mineral oil, a silicone oil, a wax, a fatty alcohol, a Guerbet alcohol or ester thereof, a lipophilic functional cosmetic active ingredient, including sun-protection filters, or a mixture of such substances.
• further constituents such as, for example, glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, monoalkanolamides, non-coloured polymeric, inorganic or organic fillers, preservatives, UV filters or other adjuvants and additives customary in cosmetics, for example a natural or synthetic or partially synthetic di- or tri-gly
• a lipophilic functional cosmetic active ingredient suitable for skin cosmetics, an active ingredient composition or an active ingredient extract is an ingredient or a mixture of ingredients that is approved for dermal or topical application.
• active ingredients having a cleansing action on the skin surface and the hair include all substances that serve to cleanse the skin, such as oils, soaps, synthetic detergents and solid substances;
• active ingredients having a deodorising and perspiration-inhibiting action they include antiperspirants based on aluminium salts or zinc salts, deodorants comprising bactericidal or bacteriostatic deodorising substances, for example triclosan, hexachlorophene, alcohols and cationic substances, such as, for example, quaternary ammonium salts, and odour absorbers, for example ® Grillocin (combination of zinc ricinoleate and various additives) or triethyl citrate (optionally in combination with an antioxidant, such as, for example, butyl hydroxytoluene
• active ingredients for protection against chemical and mechanical influences include all substances that form a barrier between the skin and external harmful substances, such as, for example, paraffin oils, silicone oils, vegetable oils, PCL products and lanolin for protection against aqueous solutions, film-forming agents, such as sodium alginate, triethanolamine alginate, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol or cellulose ethers for protection against the effect of organic solvents, or substances based on mineral oils, vegetable oils or silicone oils as "lubricants” for protection against severe mechanical stresses on the skin; moisturising substances: the following substances, for example, are used as moisture- controlling agents (moisturisers): sodium lactate, urea, alcohols, sorbitol, glycerol, propylene glycol, collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid; active ingredients having a keratoplastic effect: benzoyl peroxide,
• the preparations in stick form are preferably anhydrous but may in certain cases comprise a certain amount of water which, however, in general does not exceed 40 % by weight, based on the total weight of the cosmetic preparation.
• cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention are in the form of semi-solid products, that is to say in the form of ointments or creams, they may likewise be anhydrous or aqueous.
• Such preparations and formulations are, for example, mascaras, eyeliners, foundations, blushers, eye-shadows, or compositions for treating rings under the eyes.
• such ointments or creams are aqueous, they are especially emulsions of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type that comprise, apart from the pigment, from 1 to 98.8 % by weight of the fatty phase, from 1 to 98.8 % by weight of the aqueous phase and from 0.2 to 30 % by weight of an emulsifier.
• Such ointments and creams may also comprise further conventional additives, such as, for example, perfumes, antioxidants, preservatives, gel-forming agents, UV filters, colorants, pigments, pearlescent agents, non-coloured polymers as well as inorganic or organic fillers.
• preparations are in the form of a powder, they consist substantially of a mineral or inorganic or organic filler such as, for example, talcum, kaolin, starch, polyethylene powder or polyamide powder, as well as adjuvants such as binders, colorants etc..
• a mineral or inorganic or organic filler such as, for example, talcum, kaolin, starch, polyethylene powder or polyamide powder, as well as adjuvants such as binders, colorants etc.
• Such preparations may likewise comprise various adjuvants conventionally employed in cosmetics, such as fragrances, antioxidants, preservatives etc..
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention are nail varnishes, they consist essentially of nitrocellulose and a natural or synthetic polymer in the form of a solution in a solvent system, it being possible for the solution to comprise other adjuvants, for example pearlescent agents.
• the coloured polymer is present in an amount of approximately from 0.1 to 5 % by weight.
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention may also be used for colouring the hair, in which case they are used in the form of shampoos, creams or gels that are composed of the base substances conventionally employed in the cosmetics industry and a pigment according to the invention.
• the cosmetic preparations and formulations according to the invention are prepared in conventional manner, for example by mixing or stirring the components together, optionally with heating so that the mixtures melt.
• the analytical samples for measuring the hue-value h and the saturation C * and also the hiding power ⁇ E * -S/W are prepared according to DIN 53 775 part 7 using pressed PVC plates (1 mm thick) containing 1.0 % by weight of the C.I. Pigment Violet 37 in rod-like form. All colour measurements in remission/transmission are effected using a Minolta CM 361 Od spectrophotometer (d/8 geometry, including the gloss, illuminant D65, observer 10°) and B&W Leneta cards. All "angle-depending" measurements are effected using a Datacolor FX 10 and B&W Leneta cards.
• Pigment is mixed for 30 minutes with 14.0 g of a base mixture and then slowly stirred with 26.0 g of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (EVIPOL® SH 7020, EVC GmbH).
• the base mixture consists of plastiziser (12.9 g Palatinol® 10P (di-2-propylheptylphthalate, BASF), 0.6 g Drapex® 39 (epoxidised soya bean oil, Witco Vinyl Additives GmbH) and 0.5 g Mark BZ 561 (Crompton Vinyl Additives GmbH).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Optical Filters (AREA)
• Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
• Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-04 US US12/517,888 patent/US20110009536A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-12-04 KR KR1020097014704A patent/KR20090099564A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-04 CN CNA2007800462687A patent/CN101568601A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-12-04 JP JP2009540712A patent/JP2010513579A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-12-04 WO PCT/EP2007/063208 patent/WO2008071585A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-04 EP EP07847718A patent/EP2092020A2/en not_active Withdrawn

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