WO2008071151A1

WO2008071151A1 - Hybrid drive for vehicles

Info

Publication number: WO2008071151A1
Application number: PCT/DE2007/002171
Authority: WO
Inventors: Detlef Tolksdorf
Original assignee: Hytrac Gmbh
Priority date: 2006-12-14
Filing date: 2007-12-01
Publication date: 2008-06-19
Also published as: DE102006059005B4; DE102006059005A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid drive for vehicles, at least comprising a main drive (2), at least two electrical machines (3,7) and a single planetary gear set (6) formed by a sun gear (11), a ring gear (10), a planet carrier (13) and planet gears (12), wherein the main drive, the electric machines and the planetary gear set are functionally operatively connected to one another and, in order to generate at least two driving gears of the main drive, the electric machines and components (10-13) of the planetary gear set (6) can, by means of clutches/brakes (A-M) provided in the region of at least one shaft (9), be coupled to the shaft or brought to a standstill with respect to the latter individually, as a plurality or entirely, in such a way that torques or rotational speeds of the associated drives, or components of the planetary gear set, can selectively be added.

Description

Hybrid drive for vehicles

The invention relates to a hybrid drive for vehicles.

In the area of technology and economics of the VDI-Nachrichten of January 21, 2005, No. 3, a report was published, which deals with mixing drives (hybrid drives) from combustion and electric motors for the automotive industry. Described is a mixed drive of gasoline and electric motor. The motor power is branched in normal operation. Part of the power flows directly through a planetary gear and the other power part flows through a generator and electric motor, whereby a rechargeable battery is powered. The respective power split is based on the highest achievable efficiency of the overall system.

According to a report published by the TU Chemnitz on the Internet, a continuously variable vehicle transmission with electromechanical power split (SEL) can be seen, which initially deals with the mixing drive described above. As a serious disadvantage of the above-mentioned transmission is considered that the output torque can never be greater than the sum of the torques of ring gear and electric motor on the output side. The Hohlraddrehmoment is always smaller in this concept than the already low web torque or torque of the engine of max. 150 Nm. For high accelerations and high climbing ability, even a light vehicle requires output torques of 600 Nm and more. With the initially mentioned drive concept, this requires a very large drive machine.

With the SEL concept described also in the contribution of the TU Chemnitz the proposed first principle is to be retained, the disadvantages however are eliminated. In addition, it is proposed that the ring gear torque of the shaft is transmitted to the output in a further planetary gear stage with high gear ratio to build high output torques. In order to should then both Planetenradstufeπ in total cause a high translation, with drive torque over 1000 Nm can be generated.

Although a positive development in terms of output torques can already be brought about by the cited prior art, it is also disadvantageous here that a second planetary stage must be used, which not only increases the cost of the transmission, but also entails a larger design.

DE 198 41 828 C2 shows a further hybrid drive for vehicles, comprising at least one first electric machine, which is operable at least as an electric motor; a second electric machine, which is operable at least as an electric motor and has a non-rotatably arranged stator and a rotor rotatable relative thereto; a superposition gear having a primary engine input part connected or connectable to a primary engine, an engine input part connected or connectable to the rotor of the second electric machine, and an output part, all three parts being rotatably disposed relative to each other wherein a mechanical brake for non-rotatable setting of the rotor of the second electric machine is provided.

The aim of the subject invention is to provide a hybrid drive for vehicles in which at least two driving gears and different driving modes are realized within these driving gears, such that a high performance of the hybrid drive within the entire vehicle speed range with smaller and less expensive design over the prior art given is.

This object is achieved by a hybrid drive for vehicles, at least including a main drive, at least two electric machines and a single, formed by a sun gear, a ring gear, a planet carrier and planet gears planetary gear, wherein the main drive, the electric machines and the planetary gear functionally operatively connected to each other and to generate at least two driving the main drive, the electric machines and components of the planetary gear in the range of at least one shaft provided clutches / brakes individually, to several or completely coupled to the shaft, respectively with respect to selbiger be stopped, are, in such a way that optionally torques or speeds of the participating drives, respectively components of the planetary gear can be added.

Advantageous developments of the subject invention can be found in the associated subject subclaims.

Compared to the prior art thus come only a single planetary gear, respectively a single planetary gear stage, in operative connection with a main drive and at least two, if necessary, small-sized, electric machines used. The electric machines are designed as electric motors / generators and are operated depending on the driving range in one form or another.

When subject of the invention, if necessary, designed as an internal combustion engine main drive can be maintained via a controller as before in the optimum speed range, but in the subject invention with significantly improved efficiency. By skillful connection or disconnection of the individual drives in operative connection of the individual planetary stage, respectively with components of the planetary gear, in addition to the already known positive factors of a hybrid drive and fuel can be saved. This in view of the fact that in addition to the at least two driving gears within the individual driving gears further operating modes can be generated.

The hybrid drive according to the invention can be used in all vehicles. This applies, inter alia, cars, trucks, buses, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, agricultural machinery or the like. With appropriate adjustment of the performance parameters of the main drive and the electrical machines also the possibility to use this hybrid drive in ships (sports and cargo ships).

The subject invention is illustrated by means of an embodiment in the drawing and will be described as follows. Show it:

Figures 1 to 4 schematic diagrams of a drive scheme for a vehicle hybrid drive, which is operable in a first drive with different modes;

Figure 5 schematic diagram of the drive scheme of Figures 1 to 4 for a hybrid vehicle drive, which is drivable in a second drive;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the drive scheme according to FIGS. 1 to 4 for a vehicle hybrid drive that can be driven in a third drive;

Figure 7 schematic diagram of the drive scheme of Figures 1 to 4 for a hybrid vehicle drive, which is drivable in a fourth drive;

Tables 1 to 4 representation of individual operating modes within four driving a hybrid drive according to the invention.

Figures 1 to 7 show different operating conditions of a hybrid drive for a vehicle, such as a car, with only the function, but not the specific structural design of the hybrid drive will be described. 1 to 4 show a schematic diagram of a drive scheme for the hybrid drive 1 according to the invention. The following essential components are shown, the numbering of which also applies to FIGS. 5 to 7:

a trained as a main drive 2 internal combustion engine, such as a gasoline, diesel or natural gas engine, a first electric machine 3, a controller 4, a memory 5, a planetary gear 6 (powershift transmission), a second electric machine 7 and a hydrodynamic converter 8. Der hydrodynamic converter 8 ensures that in the idling state of the vehicle no adhesion can be transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle, otherwise the main drive 2 would stall. It forms, so to speak, a first clutch. The main drive 2 cooperates with an only indicated shaft 9. Within the planetary gear 6, a ring gear 10, a sun gear 11 and planet gears 12 and a planet carrier 13 (web) are arranged. In the region of the shaft 9, a plurality of clutches A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, M and brakes I ₁ L are provided between the main drive 2 and the planetary gear 6, on the one hand more Driving gears and within the individual driving gears, if necessary, several operating modes can be generated. The clutches AH ₁ K ₁ M and the brakes I ₁ L are designed to be identical and produced on the basis of wet-running fins.

The drive diagram shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 shows the power flow in a first travel of the vehicle, in this example a car. The power flow in this driving range is represented by the inserted arrows.

In Figure 1 it can be seen that the clutches A, B ₁ D, E, F, G ₁ H are closed. The brake I is open. The ring gear 10 is fixed via the brake L. This means that, on the one hand, the power of the main drive 2 and the drive powers of the two electrical machines 3, 7, which are operated in this example by a motor, are coupled to the shaft 9. It takes place in this operating state, an addition of the torques of the main drive 2 and both electrical machines 3.7 instead. As the Leistungsuπgsfluss is removed, the entire drive power and all torques are added to the sun gear 1 1 additive. The ring gear 10 is not active, that is set by the brake L, so that the power and the sum of the three torques on the web 13 with the translation of the planetary gear 6 is transmitted to the common output shaft 14. In this first drive very high torque can be realized.

Figure 2 shows a different mode within the first drive. By appropriate circuit of the clutches A to H, K, M and brakes I ₁ L driving the main drive 2 and the second electric machine (electric motor) is coupled to the shaft 9. In the region of the first electric machine 3, a power split takes place, so that a part of the power of the main drive 2 is passed in the direction of the planetary gear 6, and the other part is used to drive the electric machine 3 as a generator. You can in this mode, if necessary, charge the memory 5 and / or perform the storage energy of the second electric machine 7. The ring gear 10 is fixed via the brake L. The further power flow in the direction of the output shaft 14 corresponds to Figure 1. In this mode, the torques of the main drive 2 and the second electric machine are added.

In Figure 3, the power flow is provided within the first drive for another mode such that the main drive 2 is only mechanically in operative connection with the first electric machine 3, which is thus operated as a generator and the memory 5 charges and / or their drive power of the second electric machine 7 provides. In this mode, only the second electric machine 7 is mechanically coupled to the shaft 9 and thus to the sun gear 11. The further power flow in the direction of the output shaft 14 corresponds to FIG. 1. The ring gear 10 is also set here via the brake L. In the operating mode according to FIG. 4, only the main drive 2 drives the sun gear 11 via the shaft 9 and, via the planetary gears 12, the web 13 and thus the output shaft 14 within the first travel path.

Figure 5 shows the drive scheme of a second drive. Analogously to FIG. 3, the main drive 2 interacts with the first electric machine 3, which is thus operated as a generator and either charges the memory 5 and / or makes its entire drive power available to the second electric machine 7. The same works as an electric motor. When the clutch G is closed, the drive power is transmitted mechanically, for example via a gear wheel 15 to the ring gear 10 and exclusively via the planetary gears 12 on the web 13 and thus the output shaft 14.

The clutches A to H ₁ K ₁ M and the brakes I ₁ L are connected to generate a third drive according to Figure 6 so that the drive power of the main drive 2 is applied to the shaft 9 and the sun gear 11. When the clutches D and F are open and the clutches C and G are closed, the drive power of the two electric machines 3, 7 that operate here by motor is applied mechanically to the ring gear 10, for example, via gears 16, 15 with the brake L open. In this drive, there is an addition of the speeds on the one hand of the main drive 2 and on the other hand, the electrical machines 3.7, according to the superposition principle, instead.

Another fourth drive is shown in FIG. The main drive 2 interacts with the first electric machine 3, which is thus operated as a generator and either charges the memory 5 and / or provides its drive power to the second electric machine 7. In this drive, part of the power of the second electric machine 7 is applied to the loosened ring gear 10 when the clutch G is closed. At the same time a further part of the power is applied to the shaft 9 with the clutch F closed. In this state, the planetary gear 6 is blocked in itself, so that the input-side power with the ratio i = 1 is passed through to the output shaft 14. Figures 1 to 7 show only a small selection of driving gears / operating modes, so that the scope of protection of the subject invention is not limited thereto.

Tables 1 to 4 show further combinations of operating modes within individual driving gears of the vehicle.

Table 1 1st gear, drive from the sun gear 11 on the web 13 at fixed ring gear 10th

+ means torque-adding active connection of the drives to the sun gear B1 - B4 operating modes 1 - 4

Table 2 2nd gear, drive from the ring gear 10 on the web 13 with fixed sun gear 11th

+ means torque-adding active connection of the drives to the ring gear B1 - B4 operating modes 1 - 4

Table 3 3rd gear, superposition operation = addition of the rotational speeds of the sun gear 11 and ring gear 10th

+ Drive on the sun gear

Drive to ring gear B1 - B6 Operating modes 1 - 6 Table 4 4th gear, blocked planetary gear with i = 1 with not fixed ring gear 10th

+ torque-adding active compound

B1 - B4 Operating modes 1 - 4

L-

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. Hybrid drive

2. Main drive

3rd first electric machine (generator / motor)

4. Control

5. Memory

6. planetary gear

7. second electric machine (generator / motor)

8. Hydrodynamic converter (with lock-up clutch)

9th wave

10. ring gear

11th sun wheel

12. planet gears

13. Planet carrier (bridge)

14. Output shaft

15. Gear

16. Gear

A clutch

B clutch

C coupling

D coupling

E clutch

clutch

G clutch

H clutch

I brake

K clutch

L brake

M clutch

Claims

Patent claims

1. Hybrid drive for vehicles, at least comprising a main drive (2), at least two electric machines (3,7) and a single, by a sun gear (1 1), a ring gear (10), a planet carrier (13) and planet gears (12 ) formed planetary gear (6), wherein the main drive (2), the electric machines (3,7) and the planetary gear (6) are operatively connected to each other and for generating at least two driving gears of the main drive (2), the electric machines (3 , 7) and components (10-13) of the planetary gear (6) in the region of at least one shaft (9) provided for clutches (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, M) / brakes ( I ₁ L) individually, to several or completely on the shaft (9) coupled, respectively against the same shutdown, are, in such a way that either torques or speeds of the participating drives (2,3,7), respectively components (10-13) of the planetary gear (6) can be added.

2. hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating at least two driving gears and, if necessary, several at least within individual driving gears representable modes of the main drive (2) and an electric machine (3 or 7), both electric machines (3,7) or All drives (2,3,7) in cooperation with components (10-13) of the planetary gear (6) in torque or speed adding manner to the shaft (9) are coupled.

3. Hybrid drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the main drive (2) and the first electric machine (3) on the shaft side at least two clutches (A ₁ B ₁ C) are provided.

4. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the region of the electrical machines (3,7) shaft side at least three, in particular at least five, couplings (C ₁ D ₁ E ₁ F ₁ G) are provided.

5. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the second electric machine (7) and the planetary gear (6) at least two clutches (G ₁ H) and at least one brake (I) are provided.

6. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that within the first drive a plurality of operating modes can be displayed, wherein at fixed ring gear (10) for adding the torques at least two drives (2.3, 2.7, 3.7 2,3,7) via the shaft (9) to add torque to the sun gear (1 1) of the planetary gear (6) and the drive power via the web (13) on the common output shaft (14) is abandoned.

7. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that within the first drive a plurality of operating modes can be displayed, wherein at fixed ring gear (10) for adding the torques at least two drives (2 ₁ 3, 2,7, 3,7 2,3,7) are coupled via the shaft (9) to add torque to the ring gear (10) of the planetary gear (6) and this drive power via the web (13) on the common output shaft (14) is abandoned.

8. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that within a further driving a plurality of operating modes can be displayed, such that according to the overlay principle, a mechanical addition of the rotational speeds of the sun gear (11) and the ring gear (10) can be brought.

9. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for a further travel of the vehicle at not festgesetztem Ring gear (10) a plurality of operating modes are generated, such that the planetary gear (6) is blocked and the drive line at least two drives (2,3, 2,7, 3,7, 2,3,7) with a transmission ratio i = 1 on the output shaft (14) can be aufgebar.

10. Hybrid drive according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the respective clutch (AH ₁ K ₁ M) and / or the respective brake (I ₁ L) is designed as a particular wet multi-plate clutch / multi-disc brake.