WO2008071111A1 - Procédé, système et routeur pour le réacheminement de données multidiffusion - Google Patents

Procédé, système et routeur pour le réacheminement de données multidiffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008071111A1
WO2008071111A1 PCT/CN2007/071059 CN2007071059W WO2008071111A1 WO 2008071111 A1 WO2008071111 A1 WO 2008071111A1 CN 2007071059 W CN2007071059 W CN 2007071059W WO 2008071111 A1 WO2008071111 A1 WO 2008071111A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
router
multicast
registration
message
address
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PCT/CN2007/071059
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhong Chen
Songming Cheng
Xiaoniu Zhou
Haifeng Zhang
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008071111A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008071111A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16Multipoint routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, system, and router for forwarding multicast data.
  • Multicast is an emerging technology that transfers data from one point to multiple points. Compared to unicast, it has been widely used in IPTV because of its advantages of reducing server load, controlling network traffic, and reducing redundant traffic. Protocol Television ) For services such as audio/video streaming, short message publishing, data publishing, information announcement, and synchronization resources.
  • the PIM SSM protocol is a multicast routing protocol that can establish a shortest path forwarding tree between the sender and the receiver.
  • the receiver wants to receive the multicast data through the router D directly connected thereto.
  • the router C sends a specific source group join message, for example, (s, g) Join, s represents a data source, g represents a multicast group, Join is a type of packet, and Router C forwards the above to the upstream router step by step.
  • the source group joins the message (s, g) Join until a shortest forwarding path tree is finally established between the sender and the receiver, and the sender sends the multicast data along the shortest path tree to the receiver.
  • router C forwards the message to router ⁇ router A, and router A notifies the sender. After that, the multicast data sent by the sender reaches the receiver through routers A, B, C, and D.
  • the router A that is directly connected to the sender is the source router. If the router B does not support the multicast protocol, the downstream router C is defined as a multicast border router. Here, the router B can be multiple unsupported groups. The router group of the broadcast protocol. These router groups form a non-multicast area.
  • the IGMP protocol is part of the IP protocol and is a member management protocol for multicast groups. It is mainly responsible for two things:
  • the IGMP protocol allows the router and the host to inform each other about the operation requirements of the multicast transmission. For example, the host informs the router that it wants to dynamically join or leave the multicast group.
  • the protocol also allows the status of the multicast transmission information between the hosts. Message
  • the IGMP protocol is responsible for advertising the changes of the members of the multicast group on the network, so that the routing protocol can update the route in time, so that the router can know the information of the host in the network to join the multicast group and maintain the multicast group on each router interface.
  • a member relationship table for example, if a router learns the message sent by a host to receive a multicast group data through the IGMP protocol on the interface, the router uses the PIM SSM protocol to establish a sender-to-receiver.
  • the shortest forwarding path tree between the two receives and forwards all data of the multicast group to the receiver.
  • the forwarding path tree between the source and the receiver cannot be established, so when some routers in the carrier's network do not support the multicast protocol, all routers in the network need to be upgraded and multicast configured to support the multicast protocol. Obviously, the cost is enormous.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method, a system, and a router for forwarding multicast data, so that when some routers in the network do not support the multicast protocol, the multicast data can be completed without upgrading all the routers. Forwarding.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for forwarding multicast data, including:
  • the multicast border router learns the IP address of the source router, and uses the IP address to send the registration join message to the source router.
  • the multicast border router receives a registration message that is sent by the source router and carries the multicast data
  • the multicast border router obtains multicast data by using the registration message carrying the multicast data, and forwards the multicast data.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a system for forwarding multicast data, including: a multicast boundary road Provider and source router;
  • the multicast border router is configured to learn the IP address of the source router, and send the registration join message to the source router by using the IP address, and receive the registration message that is sent by the source router and carries the multicast data. Obtaining and forwarding the multicast data;
  • the source router is configured to receive the registration join message sent by the multicast border router, obtain an IP address of the multicast border router according to the registration join message, and send the IP address to the multicast border router.
  • a registration message carrying multicast data is configured to implement forwarding of multicast data, including:
  • a source router IP address obtaining unit configured to acquire an IP address of the source router, and a registration and a sending unit, configured to send a registration join message to the source router by using an IP address of the source router;
  • the registration message receiving unit is configured to receive the registration message sent by the source router, and the multicast data forwarding unit is configured to obtain the multicast data by decapsulating the registration message, and forward the multicast data.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a router, configured to implement forwarding of multicast data, including:
  • a registration joining message receiving unit configured to receive a registration and adding message sent by the multicast border router
  • a multicast border router IP address obtaining unit configured to obtain an IP address of the multicast border router by using the registration join message
  • the registration message sending unit is configured to encapsulate the multicast data, and send the registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of forwarding network multicast data by network members in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for implementing forwarding multicast data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of stopping the forwarding of multicast data in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another situation in which FIG. 3 stops forwarding multicast data
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for forwarding multicast data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a multicast border router according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a source router according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tunnel for unicast forwarding multicast data can be dynamically established between the multicast border router and the source router for traversal.
  • Non-multicast area to implement multicast data forwarding According to the idea of multicast data forwarding, you only need to upgrade the multicast border router and source router to implement multicast data forwarding services across non-multicast areas. Then you need to upgrade all the routers in the network.
  • Step 10 The multicast border router learns the IP address of the source router, and uses the IP address to unicast to send the registration to the source router. Join the message;
  • the multicast border router can learn the IP address of the source router through the existing ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) message.
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
  • Step 11 After receiving the registration join message, the source router obtains the IP address of the multicast border router, and sends a registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router by using the IP address unicast;
  • Step 12 The multicast border router obtains the multicast data by using the registration message carrying the multicast data, and forwards the multicast data.
  • the source router obtains the IP address of the multicast border router. With the IP address, the source router unicasts the registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router, and the multicast border router The registration message is decapsulated to obtain multicast data, and the multicast data is forwarded to its downstream router, and finally reaches the receiver.
  • routers E and F are the last hop routers, support IGMPv3 protocol, and receive the joining information of hosts A and B.
  • Router A is directly connected to the server (multicast source) and is the first hop router. That is, the source router, Router B does not support multicast, does not support PIM SSM protocol.
  • Router B can be a router or a router group composed of multiple routers. Router B constitutes a non-multicast area, router. C is the multicast boundary routing crying.?
  • router E sends the PIM SSM protocol to its upstream router D.
  • Router D forwards the (S, g) Join message of PIM SSM to Router C.
  • Router C receives the (s, g) Join message, it is ready to send it to its upstream router B ( s, g)
  • Router B does not support the PIM SSM protocol. That is, Router C finds that its upstream router B interface does not have a PIM department. Therefore, Router C starts to try to establish a connection with the first hop router A.
  • Unicast tunnel to complete the forwarding of multicast data;
  • Router C sends a data packet with a TTL (Time To Live) of 1 to Router B.
  • the destination address in the packet is the IP address of the server.
  • Router B After receiving the TTL data packet, Router B discards the packet and returns an ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocal) timeout packet. After receiving the timeout packet, Router C adds 1 to the TTL and continues to send the packet to the router. After receiving the packet, the router forwards the packet to the router on the router. After the router forwards the packet to the server, the router returns the port unreachable packet. In this way, Router C finds the IP address of each hop router on the server path, so the IP address of the first hop router, that is, the IP address of Router A, can be obtained.
  • ICMP Internet Control Message Protocal
  • the message forwarded by the router B is forwarded by the upper-layer router of the router B, and finally reaches the server, and the server returns the port unreachable message;
  • the upstream router returns a timeout message, and the server returns a port unreachable message, wherein the router return action is detailed in the ICMP protocol.
  • Router C sends a registration join message to Router A.
  • the format of the registration join message is as follows:
  • Group Address is the group address (encapsulation group) Format), used to identify the host A force.
  • the source address is the source address (the unloaded unicast format), which is used to identify the source address to be added by host A, that is, the source address where the multicast data is located.
  • the unicast IP address, the IP address header source address is filled in the IP address of the multicast border router C, and the destination address is filled in the IP address of the first hop router A; thus, the unicast tunnel of the router A and the multicast border router C is Built up;
  • the registration join message is an extension of the PIM SSM message type
  • the first hop router A After receiving the registration join message, the first hop router A extracts the IP address of the multicast border router C from the source address of the IP address header of the packet, and then sends the multicast data through the unicast tunnel through the registration message. To the multicast border router C;
  • the unicast IP address of the registration message, the IP address of the IP address header fills in the IP address of the router A, and the destination address fills in the IP address of the group border router C;
  • the format of the registration message also uses the PIM SSM registration message format
  • the multicast border router After receiving the registration packet, the multicast border router decapsulates the registration packet to obtain multicast data.
  • the multicast border router C forwards the multicast data from its interface by using the PIM SSM protocol.
  • PIM SSM protocol When you need to stop using unicast tunnels to forward multicast data, there are generally two possible scenarios:
  • the first case is a first case:
  • the multicast border router senses that no one receives the multicast data, and the multicast border router sends a registration stop message to the first hop router, requesting to cut off the unicast tunnel;
  • the prune message can use the register-stop packet type in the PIM SSM. After receiving the prune message, the multicast border router C unicasts the registration and leaving message to the router A.
  • Router A After receiving the registration and leaving the packet, Router A cuts off the unicast tunnel, that is, Router A does not unicast the packet to the multicast border router.
  • the register-stop packet type in the PIM SSM is used to register the leave message; the IP address of the IP address header fills in the IP address of the multicast border router C, and the IP address header destination address fills in the IP address of the first hop router A. ;
  • the second case is a first case
  • the upstream router interface of the multicast border router regains the neighbor information.
  • the multicast border router sends a registration leave message to the first hop router to request to cut off the unicast tunnel.
  • the upstream router B interface of the multicast border router C regains the neighbor information.
  • the router C will find that normal multicast data arrives.
  • the multicast border router C sends a registration and leaving message to the router A through the unicast tunnel. After receiving the registration and leaving the message, the router A cuts off the unicast tunnel, that is, the router A does not unicast the packet to the multicast border router. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for forwarding multicast data.
  • the system 20 for forwarding multicast data includes a multicast border router 21 and a source router 22;
  • the system 20 for forwarding multicast data is configured to: when the upstream router of the multicast border router does not support multicast, and does not support the PIM SSM protocol, complete the forwarding of the multicast data;
  • the upstream router of the multicast border router may be a router or a router group composed of multiple routers;
  • the multicast border router 21 is configured to learn the IP address of the source router 22, send the registration join message to the source router 22 by using the IP address, and receive the registration message sent by the source router 22, and obtain and forward the multicast data. ;
  • the source router 22 is configured to receive the registration join message sent by the source router, obtain an IP address of the multicast border router, and send a registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router.
  • the multicast border router 21, as shown in FIG. 7, includes:
  • Registration message receiving unit 211 source router IP address obtaining unit 212, registration joining message sending unit 213 and multicast data forwarding unit 214;
  • the source router IP address obtaining unit 212 is configured to obtain the IP address of the source router 22, and the registration and the sending unit 213 is configured to send the registration join message to the source router 22 by using the IP address of the source router 22;
  • the registration join message includes an IP address of a multicast border router;
  • the registration message receiving unit 211 is configured to receive a registration message sent by the source router 22, where the registration message includes multicast data.
  • the multicast data forwarding unit 214 is configured to obtain multicast data by decapsulating the registration message, and forward the multicast data.
  • the multicast border router 21 may further include:
  • the detecting unit 215 is configured to detect whether the prune message is received or to detect whether the multicast data forwarded by the upstream router of the multicast border router is received, and if yes, send the detection information; the registration leaving message sending unit 216, Receiving the detection information, sending a registration leaving message to the source router 22, requesting to stop sending the registration message.
  • the source router 22, as shown in FIG. 8, includes:
  • the registration joining message receiving unit 221 is configured to receive the registration sent by the multicast border router 21, and add 4 texts;
  • the multicast border router IP address obtaining unit 222 is configured to obtain an IP address of the multicast border router 21 by using the registration join message.
  • the registration message sending unit 223 is configured to encapsulate the multicast data, and send the registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router 21.
  • the source router 22 may further include:
  • the registration leaving message receiving unit 224 is configured to receive the registration leaving message sent by the multicast border router 21;
  • Registering and leaving the message processing unit 225 for notifying the registration of the message transmission unit 223, stopping the transmission of the registration message.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a router, which is used to implement forwarding of multicast data, that is, the multicast border router 21 mentioned in the system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, includes: The receiving unit 211, the source router IP address obtaining unit 212, the registration joining message sending unit 213 and the multicast data forwarding unit 214;
  • the source router IP address obtaining unit 212 is configured to obtain the IP address of the source router 22, and the registration and the sending unit 213 is configured to send the registration join message to the source router 22 by using the IP address of the source router 22;
  • the registration join message includes an IP address of a multicast border router;
  • the registration message receiving unit 211 is configured to receive a registration message sent by the source router 22, where the registration message includes multicast data.
  • the multicast data forwarding unit 214 is configured to obtain multicast data by decapsulating the registration message, and forward the multicast data.
  • the multicast border router 21 may further include:
  • the detecting unit 215 is configured to detect whether the prune message is received or to detect whether the multicast data forwarded by the upstream router of the multicast border router is received, and if yes, send the detection information; the registration leaving message sending unit 216, Receiving the detection information, sending a registration leaving message to the source router 22, requesting to stop sending the registration message.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a router, which is used to implement the forwarding of the multicast data.
  • the source router 22 mentioned in the system of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, includes:
  • the registration joining message receiving unit 221 is configured to receive the registration sent by the multicast border router 21, and add 4 texts;
  • the multicast border router IP address obtaining unit 222 is configured to obtain the packet by using the registration Taking the IP address of the multicast border router 21;
  • the registration message sending unit 223 is configured to encapsulate the multicast data, and send the registration message carrying the multicast data to the multicast border router 21.
  • the source router 22 may further include:
  • the registration leaving message receiving unit 224 is configured to receive the registration leaving message sent by the multicast border router 21;
  • Registering and leaving the message processing unit 225 for notifying the registration of the message transmission unit 223, stopping the transmission of the registration message.
  • the embodiment of the present invention when some routers in the network do not support the multicast protocol, only the source router and the multicast border router need to be upgraded to implement the traversal of the non-multicast area, and the group can be completed.
  • the forwarding of broadcast data eliminates the need to upgrade all routers.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Description

转发组播数据的方法、 系统及路由器 本申请要求于 2006 年 12 月 14 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200610162363.0、 发明名称为"转发组播数据的方法、 系统及路由器 "的中 国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 尤其涉及一种转发组播数据的方法、 系统 及路由器。
背景技术
组播是一种把数据从一点传送到多点的新兴技术, 相对于单播而言, 因其具有降低服务器负荷、 控制网络流量、 减少冗余流量等优点, 已经被 广泛应用于 IPTV ( Internet Protocol Television )业务、 远程教学等领域, 以实现音频 /视频流发布、短信息发布、数据发布、信息公告、 同步资源等。
在组播技术中, 通常要应用 PIM SSM ( Protocol Independent Multicast Source Specific Multicast, 指定源协议无关组播)协议、 及 IGMP ( Internet Group Management Protocol Internet,因特网组管理)协议。其中, PIM SSM 协议是能够在发送者与接受者之间建立一条最短路径转发树的组播路由 协议, 如图 1所示, 接收者欲接收组播数据, 其通过与其直连的路由器 D 向上游路由器 C发送特定源组加入报文, 例如(s, g ) Join, s代表数据源, g代表组播组, Join是报文的一种类型, 路由器 C再逐级向上游路由器转发 所述源组加入报文(s, g ) Join, 直到最终在发送者与接收者之间建立起 一条最短转发路径树,发送者将组播数据沿着这条最短路径树发送给接收 者。 如图中所示, 路由器 C转发所述报文给路由器^ 路由器 A, 路由器 A 再通知发送者, 之后, 发送者发送的组播数据通过路由器 A、 B、 C、 D到 达接收者;
其中, 定义与发送者直连的路由器 A为源端路由器, 假设路由器 B不 支持组播协议, 则定义与其相邻的下游路由器 C为组播边界路由器, 这里 路由器 B可以是多个不支持组播协议的路由器组, 这些路由器组组成非组 播区域。 IGMP协议是 IP协议的一部分, 是组播组的成员管理协议, 它主要负 责两方面事情:
( 1 ) IGMP协议允许路由器和主机之间相互告知有关组播传输的操作 要求, 例如, 主机告知路由器其要动态地加入或者退出组播组, 该协议也 允许主机间交流组播传输信息的状态报文;
( 2 ) IGMP协议负责通告网络上组播组的成员变化状况, 以便路由协 议及时更新路由, 让路由器及时获知网络中主机欲加入组播组的信息、 及 在每一个路由器接口上维护组播组成员关系表, 例如, 某路由器在其接口 上通过 IGMP协议获知一主机发出的欲接收某组播组数据的报文信息, 则 该路由器就会利用 PIM SSM协议建立一条从发送者到接收者之间的最短 转发路径树,在此最短转发路径树上接收并转发组播组的所有数据给接收 者。
但是, 如果源端(发送者)与接收端(接收者)的路径上有一台或者 几台路由器不支持 PIM SSM协议,则源端与接收端的转发路径树就建立不 起来, 所以, 当遇到运营商的网络中部分路由器不支持组播协议时, 需要 将网络中所有的路由器进行升级并对组播进行配置, 以支持组播协议, 显 然这样的代价是巨大的。
发明内容
为此,本发明的实施例提供一种转发组播数据的方法、系统及路由器, 使得当网络中有部分路由器不支持组播协议时, 不需要对所有路由器进行 升级, 就能完成组播数据的转发。
本发明的实施例提供了一种转发组播数据的方法, 包括:
组播边界路由器获知源路由器的 IP地址, 并利用所述 IP地址向源路由 器发送注册加入报文;
所述组播边界路由器接收源路由器发送的携带有组播数据的注册报 文;
所述组播边界路由器通过所述携带有组播数据的注册报文获取组播 数据, 并转发所述组播数据。
本发明实施例还提供了一种转发组播数据的系统, 包括: 组播边界路 由器和源路由器;
所述组播边界路由器, 用于获知源路由器的 IP地址, 并利用所述 IP地 址向所述源路由器发送注册加入报文, 并接收所述源路由器发送的携带有 组播数据的注册报文, 获取并转发所述组播数据;
所述源路由器,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的所述注册加入报 文, 并根据所述注册加入报文获取所述组播边界路由器的 IP地址, 向所述 组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数据的注册报文。本发明实施例还提供了 一种路由器, 用于实现对组播数据的转发, 包括:
源路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于获取所述源路由器的 IP地址; 注册加入^艮文发送单元, 用于利用所述源路由器的 IP地址向所述源路 由器发送注册加入报文;
注册报文接收单元, 用于接收所述源路由器发送的注册报文; 组播数据转发单元, 用于通过解封装所述注册报文获取组播数据, 并 转发所述组播数据。
本发明实施例还提供了一种路由器, 用于实现对组播数据的转发, 包 括:
注册加入报文接收单元,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的注册加 入报文;
组播边界路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于通过所述注册加入报文获取所 述组播边界路由器的 IP地址;
注册 文发送单元, 用于封装组播数据, 并向所述组播边界路由器发 送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
釆用本发明实施例的技术方案, 当网络中有部分路由器不支持组播协 议时, 只需要对源端路由器和组播边界路由器进行升级就可以实现穿越非 组播区域的组播数据的传递, 完成组播数据的转发, 从而不再需要对系统 中所有路由器进行升级。
附图说明
图 1为现有技术中各网络成员转发组播数据的示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例中实现转发组播数据方法的流程图; 图 3为本发明所述方法一实施例流程示意图;
图 4为图 3中停止转发组播数据一种情况流程示意图;
图 5为图 3中停止转发组播数据另一种情况流程示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例的转发组播数据的系统结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例的组播边界路由器结构示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例的源路由器结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面, 结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细描述。
当组播边界路由器的上游路由器不支持组播协议而仍然要完成组播 数据的转发时,可以在组播边界路由器和源路由器之间动态建立一个单播 转发组播数据的隧道, 用于穿越非组播区域来实现组播数据的转发, 按照 此思路实现的组播数据转发 , 只需要升级组播边界路由器和源路由器就可 以实现跨越非组播区域的组播数据的转发业务, 而不再需要对网络中所有 路由器进行升级。
为此, 如图 2所示, 本发明实施例釆用如下步骤实现组播数据的转发: 步骤 10, 组播边界路由器获知源路由器的 IP地址, 并利用该 IP地址单 播向源路由器发送注册加入报文;
组播边界路由器可以通过现有的 ICMP ( Internet Control Message Protocol, 因特网控制消息协议) 消息获知源路由器的 IP地址;
步骤 11 , 源路由器接收到所述注册加入报文后, 以此获取组播边界路 由器的 IP地址, 并通过该 IP地址单播向组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数 据的注册报文;
步骤 12,组播边界路由器通过携带有组播数据的注册报文获取组播数 据, 并转发该组播数据。
这样, 通过注册加入报文, 源路由器就获得了组播边界路由器的 IP地 址, 利用该 IP地址, 源路由器单播向组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数据 的注册报文, 组播边界路由器解封装该注册报文以获得组播数据, 并向其 下游路由器转发组播数据, 最后到达接收者。
为进一步加以说明, 如图 3所示, 设定路由器 A、 C、 D、 E、 F支持组 播, 支持 PIM SSM协议, 路由器 E、 F为最后一跳路由器, 支持 IGMPv3协 议, 用于接收主机 A、 B的加入信息, 路由器 A与服务器(组播源)直连, 为第一跳路由器, 即源路由器, 路由器 B不支持组播, 不支持 PIM SSM协 议, 这里, 需要强调的是, 路由器 B可以是一个路由器或者是多个路由器 组成的路由器组, 路由器 B组成了非组播区域, 路由器 C为组播边界路由 哭口.?
首先, 假设主机 A向路由器 E上报要接收源组加入信息为 (s, g ) Join 的组播数据, 则, 路由器 E收到 IGMPv3协议的报告后, 向其上游路由器 D 发送 PIM SSM协议的(s, g ) Join报文, 路由器 D转发 PIM SSM协议的(s, g ) Join报文给路由器 C, 路由器 C收到 (s, g ) Join报文后, 在准备向其 上游路由器 B发送(s, g ) Join报文时, 发现路由器 B不支持 PIM SSM协议, 也就是说, 路由器 C发现其上游路由器 B接口没有 PIM部居, 于是, 路由器 C开始尝试建立与第一跳路由器 A之间的单播隧道, 以完成组播数据的转 发;
路由器 C向路由器 B发送存活时间 TTL( Time To Live )为1的数据报文, 该报文中的目的地址为服务器的 IP地址;
路由器 B收到 TTL数据报文后, 丟弃该报文并返回一个 ICMP ( Internet Control Message Protocal )超时报文, 路由器 C收到该超时报文后, 将 TTL 加 1后, 继续向路由器 Β发送 TTL数据报文, 路由器 Β收到该报文后, 转发 该报文给路由器 Β的上级路由器 Α, 路由器 Α转发该报文给服务器, 服务器 返回端口不可达报文。 这样, 路由器 C就找到了到达服务器路径上的各跳 路由器的 IP地址, 因此就可以获得第一跳路由器的 IP地址, 即路由器 A的 IP地址;
其中, 路由器 B与服务器之间可以有多级路由器, 路由器 B转发的所 述报文依次经路由器 B的上级路由器转发, 最后到达服务器, 服务器返回 端口不可达报文;
这里, 所述上游路由器都返回一超时报文, 而服务器返回的是一端口 不可达 4艮文, 其中, 所述路由器返回动作详见 ICMP协议。
以上为本发明实施例给出的组播边界路由器获取源路由器的 IP地址 的一种方法,在实际应用中,也可以釆取其它方式获取源路由器的 IP地址。 按照路由器 A的 IP地址, 路由器 C向路由器 A发送注册加入报文, 该注 册加入报文的格式如下:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ iPIMVerl Typel I I
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I Group Address (Encoded-Group format) I
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I Source Address (Encoded-Unicast format) I
+-+ -+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 其中, Type类型字段拓展到 9,用于标识该报文为注册加入报文; Group Address (Encoded-Group format)为组地址(封装组格式), 用于标识主机 A 要力。入的组地址, Source Address (Encoded-Unicast format)为源地址 (去†装 单播格式), 用于标识主机 A要加入的源地址, 即组播数据所在的源地址; 注册加入报文中的单播 IP地址, 其 IP地址头部源地址填写组播边界路 由器 C的 IP地址, 目的地址填写第一跳路由器 A的 IP地址; 至此, 路由器 A 与组播边界路由器 C的单播隧道就建立起来了;
该注册加入报文是对 PIM SSM报文类型的拓展;
第一跳路由器 A收到注册加入报文后, 从该报文 IP地址头部的源地址 中提取出组播边界路由器 C的 IP地址, 然后通过注册报文将组播数据通过 单播隧道发送到组播边界路由器 C;
其中, 注册报文的单播 IP地址, 其 IP地址头部源地址填写路由器 A的 IP地址, 目的地址填写组边界路由器 C的 IP地址;
注册报文的格式也釆用 PIM SSM注册报文格式;
组播边界路由器 C收到注册报文后, 解封装该注册报文, 以获得组播 数据;
之后, 组播边界路由器 C利用 PIM SSM协议, 从其接口处转发所述的 组播数据。 当需要停止利用单播隧道进行组播数据的转发时,一般有两种可能的 情况:
第一种情况:
组播边界路由器感知到无人接收组播数据,组播边界路由器向第一跳 路由器发送注册停止报文, 请求剪掉单播隧道;
如图 4所示, 主机 A不想接收组播数据时, 向其上游路由器 E发送剪枝 报文(s, g ) prune, 路由器 E逐级向上游路由器转发该剪枝报文, 直到组 播边界路由器 C收到为止;
其中, 剪枝报文可以釆用 PIM SSM中的 register - stop报文类型; 组播边界路由器 C收到剪枝报文后, 向路由器 A单播发送注册离开报 文;
路由器 A收到注册离开报文后, 剪掉单播隧道, 即路由器 A不再单播 向组播边界路由器发送报文;
其中, 注册离开报文釆用 PIM SSM中的 register - stop报文类型; IP地 址头部源地址填写组播边界路由器 C的 IP地址, IP地址头部目的地址填写 第一跳路由器 A的 IP地址;
第二种情况:
组播边界路由器的上游路由器接口重新获得邻居信息, 非组播区域的 路由器开始支持组播协议时,组播边界路由器单播向第一跳路由器发送注 册离开报文, 请求剪掉单播隧道;
如图 5所示, 组播边界路由器 C的上游路由器 B接口重新获得邻居信 息, 非组播区域的路由器 B开始支持组播协议时, 此时路由器 C会发现有 正常的组播数据到达, 于是, 组播边界路由器 C经单播隧道向路由器 A发 送注册离开报文, 路由器 A收到注册离开报文后, 剪掉单播隧道, 即路由 器 A不再单播向组播边界路由器发送报文。
本发明实施例还提供了一种转发组播数据的系统, 如图 6所示, 转发 组播数据的系统 20, 包括组播边界路由器 21和源路由器 22;
转发组播数据的系统 20,用于当组播边界路由器的上游路由器不支持 组播, 不支持 PIM SSM协议时, 完成对组播数据的转发; 这里, 需要强调的是, 组播边界路由器的上游路由器可以是一个路由 器或者是多个路由器组成的路由器组;
组播边界路由器 21 , 用于获知源路由器 22的 IP地址, 利用所述 IP地址 向源路由器 22发送注册加入报文, 并接收所述源路由器 22发送的注册报 文, 获取并转发组播数据;
源路由器 22, 用于接收源路由器发送的所述注册加入报文, 并获取所 述组播边界路由器的 IP地址 , 向所述组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数据 的注册报文。
所述组播边界路由器 21 , 如图 7所示, 包括:
注册报文接收单元 211、 源路由器 IP地址获取单元 212、 注册加入报文 发送单元 213和组播数据转发单元 214;
其中, 源路由器 IP地址获取单元 212, 用于获取源路由器 22的 IP地址; 注册加入 4艮文发送单元 213 , 用于利用所述源路由器 22的 IP地址向源 路由器 22发送注册加入报文; 所述注册加入报文包含组播边界路由器的 IP 地址;
注册报文接收单元 211 , 用于接收源路由器 22发送的注册报文,所述注 册报文包含组播数据;
组播数据转发单元 214,用于通过解封装所述注册报文获取组播数据, 并转发所述组播数据。
其中, 组播边界路由器 21还可以包括:
检测单元 215, 用于检测是否收到剪枝报文或者检测是否接收到组播 边界路由器的上游路由器转发的组播数据, 若为是, 则发送检测信息; 注册离开报文发送单元 216, 用于接收所述检测信息, 向源路由器 22 发送注册离开报文, 请求停止发送注册报文。
所述源路由器 22, 如图 8所示, 包括:
注册加入报文接收单元 221 , 用于接收组播边界路由器 21发送的注册 加入 4艮文;
组播边界路由器 IP地址获取单元 222, 用于通过所述注册加入报文获 取组播边界路由器 21的 IP地址; 注册报文发送单元 223 , 用于封装组播数据, 并向组播边界路由器 21 发送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
其中, 源路由器 22还可以包括:
注册离开报文接收单元 224, 用于接收组播边界路由器 21发送的注册 离开才艮文;
注册离开 ^艮文处理单元 225, 用于通知注册 ^艮文发送单元 223 , 停止注 册报文的发送。
本发明实施例还提供了一种路由器, 用于实现对组播数据的转发, 即 本发明实施例所述系统中提到的组播边界路由器 21 , 如图 7所示, 包括: 注册报文接收单元 211、 源路由器 IP地址获取单元 212、 注册加入报文 发送单元 213和组播数据转发单元 214;
其中, 源路由器 IP地址获取单元 212, 用于获取源路由器 22的 IP地址; 注册加入 4艮文发送单元 213 , 用于利用所述源路由器 22的 IP地址向源 路由器 22发送注册加入报文; 所述注册加入报文包含组播边界路由器的 IP 地址;
注册报文接收单元 211 , 用于接收源路由器 22发送的注册报文,所述注 册报文包含组播数据;
组播数据转发单元 214,用于通过解封装所述注册报文获取组播数据, 并转发所述组播数据;
其中, 组播边界路由器 21还可以包括:
检测单元 215, 用于检测是否收到剪枝报文或者检测是否接收到组播 边界路由器的上游路由器转发的组播数据, 若为是, 则发送检测信息; 注册离开报文发送单元 216, 用于接收所述检测信息, 向源路由器 22 发送注册离开报文, 请求停止发送注册报文。
本发明实施例还提供了一种路由器, 用于实现组播数据的转发, 即本 发明实施例所述系统中提到的源路由器 22, 如图 8所示, 包括:
注册加入报文接收单元 221 , 用于接收组播边界路由器 21发送的注册 加入 4艮文;
组播边界路由器 IP地址获取单元 222, 用于通过所述注册加入报文获 取组播边界路由器 21的 IP地址;
注册报文发送单元 223 , 用于封装组播数据, 并向组播边界路由器 21 发送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
其中, 源路由器 22, 还可以包括:
注册离开报文接收单元 224, 用于接收组播边界路由器 21发送的注册 离开报文;
注册离开 ^艮文处理单元 225, 用于通知注册 ^艮文发送单元 223 , 停止注 册报文的发送。
综上所述, 利用本发明实施例, 当网络中有部分路由器不支持组播协 议时, 只需要对源端路由器和组播边界路由器进行升级就可以实现穿越非 组播区域, 就能完成组播数据的转发, 从而不再需要对所有路由器进行升 级。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种转发组播数据的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
组播边界路由器获知源路由器的 IP地址, 并利用所述 IP地址向源路由 器发送注册加入报文;
所述组播边界路由器接收源路由器发送的携带有组播数据的注册报 文;
所述组播边界路由器通过所述携带有组播数据的注册报文获取组播 数据, 并转发所述组播数据。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述组播边界路由器获 知源路由器 IP地址包括:
组播边界路由器向其上游路由器发送数据报文,其目的地址为组播数 据源的 IP地址;
组播边界路由器根据所述上游路由器返回的超时报文获知与返回端 口不可达报文的组播数据源直连的源路由器的 IP地址。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述注册加入报文通过 拓展的注册加入报文的类型字段进行标识。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述注册加入报文还包 括: 组地址字段, 用于标识源路由器要加入的组地址; 源地址字段, 用于 标识源路由器要加入的源地址。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述注册加入报文中的 单播 IP地址部源地址为所述组播边界路由器的 IP地址, 目的地址为所述源 路由器的 IP地址。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 所述 源路由器根据接收到的所述注册加入报文获取所述组播边界路由器的 IP 地址, 根据所述 IP地址向所述组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数据的注册 报文。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 组播边界路由器收到剪枝报文或者收到其上游路由器发送的组播数 据后, 向源路由器发送注册离开报文; 所述源路由器收到所述注册离开报文后,停止向所述组播边界路由器 发送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
8、 一种转发组播数据的系统, 其特征在于, 包括组播边界路由器和 源路由器;
所述组播边界路由器, 用于获知源路由器的 IP地址, 并利用所述 IP地 址向所述源路由器发送注册加入报文, 并接收所述源路由器发送的携带有 组播数据的注册报文, 获取并转发所述组播数据;
所述源路由器,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的所述注册加入报 文, 并根据所述注册加入报文获取所述组播边界路由器的 IP地址, 向所述 组播边界路由器发送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述组播边界路由器包 括:
源路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于获取所述源路由器的 IP地址; 注册加入报文发送单元, 用于利用所述源路由器的 IP地址向所述源路 由器发送注册加入 ^艮文;
注册报文接收单元, 用于接收所述源路由器发送的注册报文; 组播数据转发单元, 用于通过解封装所述注册报文获取组播数据, 并 转发所述组播数据。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述组播边界路由器 还包括:
检测单元,用于检测是否收到剪枝报文或者是否接收到组播边界路由 器的上游路由器转发的组播数据, 若为是, 则发送检测信息;
注册离开报文发送单元, 用于接收所述检测信息, 并通过向所述源路 由器发送注册离开报文, 请求所述源路由器停止发送注册报文。
11、 根据权利要求 8所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述源路由器包括: 注册加入报文接收单元,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的注册加 入报文;
组播边界路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于通过所述注册加入报文获取所 述组播边界路由器的 IP地址; 注册 文发送单元, 用于封装组播数据, 并向所述组播边界路由器发 送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的系统,其特征在于,所述源路由器还包括: 注册离开报文接收单元,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的注册离 开报文;
注册离开>¾文处理单元, 用于通知所述注册 文发送单元, 停止注册 报文的发送。
13、 一种路由器, 用于实现对组播数据的转发, 其特征在于, 包括: 源路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于获取源路由器的 IP地址;
注册加入^艮文发送单元, 用于利用所述源路由器的 IP地址向所述源路 由器发送注册加入报文;
注册报文接收单元, 用于接收所述源路由器发送的注册报文; 组播数据转发单元, 用于通过解封装所述注册报文获取组播数据, 并 转发所述组播数据。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的路由器, 其特征在于, 还包括:
检测单元,用于检测是否收到剪枝报文或者检测是否接收到组播边界 路由器的上游路由器转发的组播数据, 若为是, 则发送检测信息;
注册离开报文发送单元, 用于接收所述检测信息, 并通过向所述源路 由器发送注册离开报文, 请求所述源路由器停止发送注册报文。
15、 一种路由器, 用于实现组播数据的转发, 其特征在于, 包括: 注册加入报文接收单元,用于接收组播边界路由器发送的注册加入报 文;
组播边界路由器 IP地址获取单元, 用于通过所述注册加入报文获取所 述组播边界路由器的 IP地址;
注册报文发送单元, 用于封装组播数据, 并向所述组播边界路由器发 送携带有组播数据的注册报文。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的路由器, 其特征在于, 还包括:
注册离开报文接收单元,用于接收所述组播边界路由器发送的注册离 开报文; 注册离开>¾文处理单元, 用于通知所述注册 文发送单元, 以停止注 册报文的发送。
PCT/CN2007/071059 2006-12-14 2007-11-14 Procédé, système et routeur pour le réacheminement de données multidiffusion WO2008071111A1 (fr)

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