WO2008070441A1 - Architecture permettant de communiquer à l'aide de signaux rf coaxiaux par le biais de fibres hybrides standard, sur un réseau optique passif (hfc pon) - Google Patents

Architecture permettant de communiquer à l'aide de signaux rf coaxiaux par le biais de fibres hybrides standard, sur un réseau optique passif (hfc pon) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008070441A1
WO2008070441A1 PCT/US2007/085156 US2007085156W WO2008070441A1 WO 2008070441 A1 WO2008070441 A1 WO 2008070441A1 US 2007085156 W US2007085156 W US 2007085156W WO 2008070441 A1 WO2008070441 A1 WO 2008070441A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signals
return
pon
optical
ont
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/085156
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shawn M. Esser
Philip Miguelez
Alfred J. Slowik
Original Assignee
General Instrument Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/942,265 external-priority patent/US20090132712A1/en
Application filed by General Instrument Corporation filed Critical General Instrument Corporation
Publication of WO2008070441A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008070441A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0298—Wavelength-division multiplex systems with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/69—Optical systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/09—Arrangements for device control with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for control of broadcast-related services
    • H04H60/14—Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services
    • H04H60/15—Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services on receiving information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0226—Fixed carrier allocation, e.g. according to service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0228—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/023—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths in WDM passive optical networks [WDM-PON]
    • H04J14/0232—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths in WDM passive optical networks [WDM-PON] for downstream transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
    • H04J14/0245—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for downstream transmission, e.g. optical line terminal [OLT] to ONU
    • H04J14/0247—Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/0242—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON
    • H04J14/0249—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths in WDM-PON for upstream transmission, e.g. ONU-to-OLT or ONU-to-ONU
    • H04J14/0252—Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0282—WDM tree architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6118—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6168—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/22—Adaptations for optical transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0007—Construction
    • H04Q2011/0016—Construction using wavelength multiplexing or demultiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0064—Arbitration, scheduling or medium access control aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0084—Quality of service aspects

Definitions

  • Hybrid Fiber Coaxial RF Signals over a Passive Optical Network HFC PON
  • Modern cable telecommunications systems are typically built with a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network topology to deliver services to residences and businesses.
  • HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • the HFC topology carries the RF signals in the optical domain on fiber optic cables between the headend/hub office and the neighborhood, and then carries the RF signals in the electrical domain over coaxial cable to and from the home.
  • the fiber optic signals are converted to and from electrical RF signals in a device called a fiberoptic "node.” In the coaxial portion of the network, the signal is split to different housing areas and then tapped off to the individual homes.
  • RF amplifiers are used periodically in the coaxial plant to amplify the electrical signal so they are at an acceptable level to be received by the devices at the home.
  • Information is transported from the headend/hub office to the home, such as video, voice and internet data, over the HFC network. Also, information is transported back from the home to the headend/hub office, such as control signals to order a movie or internet data to send an email.
  • the HFC network is bidirectional, meaning that signals are carried on the same network from the headend/hub office to the home, and from the home to the headend/hub office.
  • the same coaxial cable actually carries the signals in both directions.
  • the frequency band is divided into two sections, "forward path” and "return path”, so there is no interference of signals.
  • the "forward path” or “downstream” signals which typically occupy the frequencies from 52 MHz to 1000 MHz, originate in the headend or hub as an optical signal, travel to the node, are converted to electrical RF in the node, and then proceed to the home as electrical signals over coaxial cable.
  • the "return path” or "upstream” signals which typically occupy the frequencies from 5 MHz to 42 MHz, originate in the home and travel over the same coaxial cable as the "forward path” signals.
  • the electrical signals are converted to optical signals in the node, and continue to the hub or headend over fiber optic cables.
  • the HFC network is capable of carrying multiple types of services: analog television, digital television, video-on-demand, high-speed broadband internet data, and telephony.
  • Cable Multiple System Operators MSOs
  • MSOs Cable Multiple System Operators
  • Video is transported using standard analog channels which are the same as over- the-air broadcast television channels, or digital channels which are usually MPEG2 signal over a QAM channels.
  • DOCSIS Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification
  • the MSOs In order to transport information on RF signals, the MSOs have a significant amount of equipment that converts the services so they can be carried on RF signals.
  • CMTS Cable Modem Termination Systems
  • DAC Digital Access Controller
  • devices in the home are required to convert the RF signals to signals that are compatible with television sets, computers and telephones. Examples of these devices are television set-top boxes, cable modems and Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter (EMTA). These devices select the appropriate forward path signals and convert them to usable signals in the home. These same devices also generate the return path signals to communicate back to the headend/hub office.
  • EMTA Embedded Multimedia Terminal Adapter
  • MSOs have a significant investment in the equipment at the home and headend/hub offices that utilize DOCSIS and similar protocols. They also have a significant network operation investment to manage this type of network with regards to maintenance and customer service.
  • FTTC Fiber-to-the-Curb
  • FTTH Fiber-to-the-Home
  • BPON Broadband PON
  • GPON Gigabit-capable PON
  • the technical standard for the BPON is defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.983 and for the GPON is defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.984.
  • the GPON will be used as the reference since this is the latest PON architecture being actively deployed, but this invention can apply to other forms of PONs.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical architecture for a GPON and Figure 2 shows a typical ONT for a GPON.
  • a forward path of a typical GPON network contains headend 1 with a broadcast transmitter 4 and optical amplifier 6, and a wave division MUX/deMUX 8, which provides communication to a lxn optical coupler 9 at node 10 over optical fiber 3 to couple n homes 12 to the communication signal.
  • an Optical Network Termination unit 11 converts the optical forward signals via optical triplexer 14 containing receivers 15 and 17 and transmitter 16.
  • Interface module 13 provides the Ethernet signals to Ethernet output 19 for internet data, the POTS signals to RJl 1 twisted pair wires 18 for telephone, and broadcast signals to coaxial cable output 20 for television (if the video overlay is used).
  • the ONT converts the Ethernet input and RJl 1 twisted pair to an optical baseband digital signal. Any television return signals utilize the Ethernet input.
  • the GPON utilizes the OLT 2 system as the interface between the PON and network-side.
  • the GPON utilizes baseband digital protocol for forward path and return path signals.
  • the forward path baseband digital signals carry internet data, telephony and sometimes television service by using Internet Protocol (IPTV).
  • IPTV Internet Protocol
  • the GPON also has an option for a forward overlay wavelength to provide enhanced services to the home. Often, the overlay wavelength is at 1550nm and delivers video services in the forward path using Frequency Division Multiplexing just as the HFC network. This overlay wavelength is shared over many homes, up to 10000.
  • the only option for return signals on the GPON is using the baseband digital return signal. Because of the method that information is transported, the GPON utilizes vastly different equipment at the home and headend/hub/central office 1 compared to HFC network.
  • MSO's cannot utilize their current methods of transporting information over a PON, and therefore cannot utilize their current headend/hub equipment and home devices in this architecture.
  • MSOs would like to migrate to FTTH networks, such as GPON, to offer perceived and real increases in services and quality.
  • MSOs have a very large investment in DOCSIS and similar equipment at the headend/hub office and the home, which cannot be utilized in a GPON network.
  • the network management systems for maintenance and customer service are built around DOCSIS equipment and, therefore, running a second system in parallel would be costly.
  • the GPON network cannot provide sufficient, cost-effective forward bandwidth per home for targeted, unique narrowcast services if they are transported using the overlay 1550nm wavelength.
  • the GPON overlay wavelength is split many times and feeds many homes, up to 10000, with the same signal. This is acceptable in current GPON deployments because only broadcast video services are transported on the overlay wavelength, and all narrowcast services, such as internet data and telephony, are transported on the baseband digital signal.
  • the MSO would also transport narrowcast services using RF signals on the overlay wavelength in the forward path. But in this scenario, all homes would share the same narrowcast bandwidth which would severely limit the amount of unique services available for each home.
  • the MSO's current equipment converts information to be carried over RF signals in the return path.
  • GPON has no option to carry RF signals in the return path.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary GPON architecture with broadcast overlay wavelength.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary GPON ONT with broadcast overlay capability.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary GPON architecture with the broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths in the forward path.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary modified GPON ONT with a second optical return transmitter.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary architecture with broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths and second optical return signal.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary modified GPON ONT with a coaxial return RF signal.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary architecture with broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths and electrical coaxial return RF signal.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary migration to GPON.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary architecture with the broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths in the forward path.
  • another overlay wavelength is inserted into each 1550nm PON port from the optical amplifier in the headend/hub/central office 1 via narrowcast transmitters 202, which may be QAM transmitters.
  • This wavelength contains the unique, targeted narrowcast services and the number of homes sharing this signal is much smaller, for example, as few as 32 homes, so the available bandwidth per home is significantly more than provided in a traditional GPON network.
  • a narrowcast transmitter 202 is used to generate this second overlay wavelength, which is wave division multiplexed at MUX/deMUX 8 with a broadcast signal provided by broadcast transmitter 4 and amplifier 6.
  • a narrowcast transmitter is generally defined as fiber optic device that transmits only up to 400 MHz of targeted services delivered on QAM channels, and it is much less expensive than a broadcast transmitter which requires much higher performance.
  • the narrowcast overlay wavelength is offset from the 1550 nm broadcast overlay wavelength so it can be efficiently combined with the 1550 nm wavelength, but it would still be passed along with the 1550nm wavelength through optical passives in the GPON.
  • a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) is used to insert this wavelength with the 1550nm broadcast at the headend/hub/central office.
  • ONT 311 provides the broadcast and narrowcast signals to the user through ports 18, 19 and 20.
  • the inventors provide two techniques for transporting RF signals in the return path. One is to add an analog return transmitter to the ONT and add a second fiber optic link to the GPON so return RF signals are transported from the home to the headend/hub office. Another is to add a coaxial cable link to the GPON to carry the return RF signals from the home to an optical node, and then to the headend/hub office.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary modified GPON ONT with a second optical return transmitter
  • Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary architecture with broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths and second optical return signal.
  • the modified GPON utilizes the coaxial cable in the home for both forward path and return path signals, which may be the same way it is utilized in a HFC network.
  • the ONT 411 is modified to include a RF diplexer 172 and second return optical transmitter 171.
  • the RF diplexer 172 splits off the return RF signals (typically from 5 MHz to 42 MHz/65 MHz) coming from the home.
  • the frequency range for the return signals could be changed (for example, from 5 MHz up to 105 MHz).
  • RF signals are directed to an analog transmitter 171 which converts the RF signals from the electrical to the optical domain.
  • the wavelength of this second transmitter may be at any wavelength, but most likely 1310nm or 1550nm.
  • Figure 4 shows the modified GPON ONT with a second Optical Return Transmitter.
  • the analog optical return signal is transported from the home on a second fiber optic cable 31. This is preferred because the optical passives in the GPON generally cannot handle a second return wavelength.
  • This optical return signal is combined with optical return signals from other homes using an optical coupler 512 (i.e. 1 X 32) in node 500. The combined signals then travels to the headend/hub office 502 and received by a return analog optical receiver 505 where it is converted to back to an electrical signal.
  • This embodiment may rely on the standard protocols used today by the MSOs such as DOCSIS, ALOHA, or similar protocols to allow for proper timing, data collision control, distance ranging and RF power, as appreciated by those of skill in the art.
  • This embodiment combines multiple return optical signals onto one fiber.
  • the challenge with this is that if two or more return lasers are transmitting at the same time, noise can be generated due to non- linear mixing of the two optical carriers.
  • lasers will typically generate noise if they are not transmitting data, which would impact the ability of the optical receiver to detect the return signal from the active home.
  • the lasers are turned off if the transmitters are not receiving RF signals from the home, and turned on when the transmitter receives a RF signal from devices in the home. By using the timing from the standard protocols, only one of the lasers in a PON group (32 homes) would be turned on and transmitting at a frequency at any given time.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary modified GPON ONT with a coaxial return RF signal
  • Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary architecture with broadcast and narrowcast overlay wavelengths and electrical coaxial return RF signal.
  • the modified GPON utilizes the coaxial cable in the home for both forward path and return path signals, which may be the same way it is utilized in a typical HFC network.
  • the ONT 611 is modified to include a RF diplexer 172.
  • the RF diplexer splits off the return RF signals (typically from 5 MHz to 42 MHz/65 MHz) coming from the home.
  • the frequency range for the return signals could be changed (for example, to 5 MHz to 105 MHz).
  • a variation of this embodiment is to have the RF diplexer 172 external to the ONT 611.
  • This discrete RF diplexer is on the coaxial cable on the home-side which splits off the return RF signals.
  • the return RF signals are routed from the ONT 611 on a coaxial cable that goes to the street.
  • this embodiment may also rely on the standard protocols used today by the MSOs such as DOCSIS, ALOHA, or similar protocols to allow for proper timing, data collision control, distance ranging and RF power, as appreciated by those of skill in the art.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a migration of an HFC network to GPON.
  • the embodiments above leave intact the ONT components that handle the GPON digital baseband signals for forward path and return path. These are not used in the initial deployment of this proposed embodiment if all services are using RF signals in the forward and return path. If these ONT components are left intact, the architectures outlined above allow a migration to a GPON without a truck-roll to the home or replacing the ONT. In order to do this, the GPON OLT 821 is added at the headend/hub office 800 and the wavelengths are inserted or dropped using a WDM. At the home, computers are unconnected from the cable modem and connected to the RJ45 port on the ONT 811 with CAT5 cable.
  • the telephones are connected to the RJl 1 ports on the ONT.
  • the set-top box would likely need to be changed to be compatible with IP over Ethernet.
  • the secondary fiber optic link or coaxial link used for return RF signals is no longer used but could be left in place for future bandwidth capability.
  • the ONT components used for GPON digital baseband signals could be removed for cost savings. If this is done, the architecture cannot be migrated to a GPON or other type of PON without replacing the ONT.
  • the present invention allows MSOs to largely use their existing HFC network architecture in a PON architecture. This allows the MSOs to utilize the benefits of a PON architecture in a cost effective manner which takes advantage of their investment in their existing architecture. It also allows the MSO to use familiar operating and signaling techniques in a PON architecture to maintain reliability of service which achieving extended bandwidth to customers. [0035] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the above embodiments may be modified without departing from the sprit of the invention. For example, the RF signals in the return path may be carried over medium other than a coaxial cable, such other communication cables, or even twisted pair.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

Une ou plusieurs longueurs d'ondes en recouvrement sont appliquées à une architecture GPON de façon à fournir une bande passante directe, suffisante et rentable, par foyer, pour des services uniques ciblés à diffusion restreinte, de façon à permettre à des opérateurs HFC traditionnels d'utiliser une architecture PON avec leur équipement HFC existant. Une capacité de voie de retour séparée utilisant un câble coaxial séparé avec des signaux RF vers l'architecture GPON peut également être utilisée. Cette capacité de retour peut être assurée, soit par une liaison à fibres optiques, soit par une liaison coaxiale, depuis le domicile.
PCT/US2007/085156 2006-11-22 2007-11-20 Architecture permettant de communiquer à l'aide de signaux rf coaxiaux par le biais de fibres hybrides standard, sur un réseau optique passif (hfc pon) WO2008070441A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US86690606P 2006-11-22 2006-11-22
US60/866,906 2006-11-22
US11/942,265 US20090132712A1 (en) 2007-11-19 2007-11-19 Method and system for session mobility between end user communication devices
US11/942,265 2007-11-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008070441A1 true WO2008070441A1 (fr) 2008-06-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2523379A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-14 Televés, S.A. Système de répartition des signaux de télécommunication

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020164127A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-07 Charles Barker N-way broadcast/narrowcast combiner
US20020163705A1 (en) * 2000-08-28 2002-11-07 Laurens Bakker Electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback laser transmitter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020163705A1 (en) * 2000-08-28 2002-11-07 Laurens Bakker Electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback laser transmitter
US20020164127A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-07 Charles Barker N-way broadcast/narrowcast combiner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2523379A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-14 Televés, S.A. Système de répartition des signaux de télécommunication

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