WO2008069578A1 - Procédé de transmission optimale de données pour améliorer la vitesse de transmission de données dans un réseau sans fil à plusieurs bonds - Google Patents

Procédé de transmission optimale de données pour améliorer la vitesse de transmission de données dans un réseau sans fil à plusieurs bonds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008069578A1
WO2008069578A1 PCT/KR2007/006289 KR2007006289W WO2008069578A1 WO 2008069578 A1 WO2008069578 A1 WO 2008069578A1 KR 2007006289 W KR2007006289 W KR 2007006289W WO 2008069578 A1 WO2008069578 A1 WO 2008069578A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
carrier sensing
data
data transmission
transmission power
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PCT/KR2007/006289
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English (en)
Inventor
Hyun Lee
Chang-Sub Shin
June Hwang
Seong-Lyun Kim
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Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University
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Application filed by Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute, Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University filed Critical Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
Priority to US12/518,013 priority Critical patent/US20100317383A1/en
Publication of WO2008069578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008069578A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46—TPC being performed in particular situations in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/08—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of optimal data transmission for improving a data transmission rate in a multi-hop wireless network; and, more particularly, to a method of optimal data transmission for improving a data transmission rate in a multi-hop wireless network, which can minimize a data collision and maximize an end- to-end throughput by adaptively calculating a carrier sensing range value for a node with variable transmission power to control the transmission power according to the calculated carrier sensing range value and by adaptively adjusting a carrier sensing threshold value for a node with constant transmission power.
  • each terminal i.e., a node
  • an access point AP
  • the terminal (node) and the access point (AP) can recognize each other as one network member to communicate data and control packets with each other.
  • AP access point
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • CSMA/CA Access/Collision Avoidance
  • the CSMA/CA scheme uses two carrier sensing modes: a physical carrier sensing mode and a virtual carrier sensing mode.
  • the physical carrier sensing mode checks whether another transmission is performed on a medium before transmitting data from a network interface card (NIC) of the node A.
  • Ready-To-Send (RTS) and Clear-To-Send (CTS) control packets are exchanged to avoid data collision, thereby solving hidden problems that may occur in the network.
  • Such control packets are also used in the virtual carrier sensing mode.
  • neighbor nodes Upon receipt of such control packet, neighbor nodes detect the inhibition of network access for a predetermined time from a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) contained in the received control packet. This is a medium access control method using the virtual carrier sensing mode.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • every IEEE 802.11 network interface card uses the physical carrier sensing mode mandatorily and uses a control packet for collision avoidance optionally. Even though medium access control is performed, simultaneous medium access may occur in a predetermined time point, which leads to data collision. In this case, a node experiencing the data collision waits for a selected number of times within a predetermined range of times and then accesses the medium for data transmission. Such a collision resolution method uses a random backoff scheme .
  • BEB Backoff
  • the number of time slots in a contention window increases twice for every collision from an initial contention window, and a predetermined number of time slots are selected among them.
  • a node waits for the corresponding time and then accesses a medium.
  • a physical carrier sensing range may be relatively increased in order to minimize a data collision.
  • simultaneous-transmission nodes are spaced apart from each other.
  • the power of interference between transmission nodes can be reduced and the probability of the success of data transmission through each link can be increased.
  • more intermediate nodes are required in a relay network arranged in linear topology.
  • a carrier sensing range must be set to be suitable for the trade-off between the above advantage and disadvantage.
  • a target SIR of a network interface card may affect data transmission. If the target SIR is set to be high, a relatively large amount of data can be transmission by one successful transmission process, but the data collision probability may increase. Therefore, a target SIR must be set to be suitable for the trade-off between the above advantage and disadvantage.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a method of optimal data transmission for improving a data transmission rate in a multi-hop wireless network, which can maximize an end-to-end throughput by minimizing a data collision that may occur during data transmission.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to providing a method of optimal data transmission for improving a data transmission rate in a multi-hop wireless network, which can minimize a data collision and maximize an end-to-end throughput by calculating a carrier sensing range value for a node with variable transmission power and by controlling the transmission power according to the calculated carrier sensing range value or by adaptively adjusting a carrier sensing threshold value for a node with constant transmission power.
  • a method for optima data transmission for improving a data transmission rate of a node with variable transmission power in a multi-hop wireless network including the steps of: obtaining channel state information about a current wireless channel of the node; calculating a carrier sensing range in the number of hops using the obtained channel state information, a target signal-to- interference ratio, and a contention window size in order to minimize data collision; calculating the number of nodes attempting data transmission based on signals received from neighbor nodes, the number of the nodes attempting data transmission being the number of contention nodes; and setting transmission power adaptively according to the calculated carrier sensing range value and the contention node numbers and transmitting data at the set transmission power.
  • a method for optima data transmission for improving a data transmission rate of a node with constant transmission power in a multi-hop wireless network including the steps of: obtaining channel state information about a current wireless channel of the node; setting a carrier sensing threshold using the obtained channel state information, a target signal-to-interference ratio, the constant transmission power, and a contention window size in order to minimize data collision; and comparing the carrier sensing threshold with the reception power of a signal received from a neighbor node, determining whether to transmit data according to the comparison results, and transmitting data accordingly.
  • the present invention adaptively calculates a carrier sensing range value for a node with variable transmission power, thereby making it possible to minimize a data collision and maximize an end-to-end throughput. Also, the present invention adaptively adjusts a carrier sensing threshold value for a node with constant transmission power, thereby making it possible to minimize a data collision and maximize an end-to-end throughput .
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of simultaneous transmission nodes in a multi-hop wireless network to which the present invention is applied.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimal data transmission from a node with variable transmission power on a multi-hop wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimal data transmission from a node with constant transmission power on a multi-hop wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a target SIR and a carrier sensing threshold.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a target SIR and an end-to-end throughput.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of simultaneous transmission nodes in a multi-hop wireless network to which the present invention is applied.
  • Fig. 1 is drawn on the assumption that nodes on the multi-hop wireless network are located at regular intervals at the vertexes and centers of hexagons. That is, a reference numeral 10 denotes a linear multi-hop wireless network where nodes 11 are linearly distributed along a road.
  • a reference symbol R denotes the radius of a hexagon and a reference symbol D denotes the shortest simultaneous transmission distance.
  • small black dots 11 denote nodes that are distributed on the road represented by a thick straight line.
  • the node is mounted on a mobile unit, uses a half- duplex scheme, and may have an omni-directional antenna.
  • ⁇ node' denotes a mobile unit mounted with a terminal.
  • circles 100 to 112 also denote nodes, which represent the distribution of nodes capable of performing simultaneous transmission without affecting data transmission therebetween.
  • the nodes 100 to 112, which are spaced apart from each other by at least the distance D, are capable of simultaneous transmission.
  • the above linear distribution of the nodes is merely- illustrative, which is merely to perform simulations (see Figs. 4 and 5) with ease.
  • the present invention can also be applied even when the nodes are nonlinearly distributed.
  • the present invention provides methods for optimal data transmission in a multi-hop wireless network, which may be implemented in the following two schemes.
  • One is a scheme applied to a node with 'variable' transmission power, which detects the optimal 'carrier sensing range' value (see Equation 1 below), compares the detected value with an idle state Inter-Arrival Time
  • IAT of the current transmission medium (wireless section)
  • this scheme is distributive and is thus easy to apply to actual mobile environments.
  • Another is a scheme applied to a node with
  • a target SIR for a node is provided from an application level. If the node can determine a target SIR value randomly, it may calculate a target SIR of the maximum performance by using given parameters.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimal data transmission from a node with variable transmission power on a multi-hop wireless network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which illustrates a data transmission process performed by each node with variable transmission power.
  • the optimal carrier sensing range n will be described first before describing a data transmission method with reference to Fig. 2.
  • the optimal carrier sensing range n used for transmission power control is calculated based on the following Equation 1.
  • C(a,W 0 ) is the solution of a fourth-order polynomial found from a path-loss exponent a and an initial contention window size W 0 .
  • ⁇ denotes a target Signal-to- Interference Ratio (SIR) .
  • nodes i.e., mobile units
  • the other nodes when a node performs data transmission, the other nodes within the corresponding carrier sensing range cannot perform data transmission.
  • a plurality of nodes must be spaced apart from each other by at least the distance D (i.e., at least n hops) so that they are capable of simultaneous transmission.
  • the relative positions of nodes in a transmission mode have the same form as the positions of co-channel base stations of the hexagonal cellular system.
  • Equation 2 represents an SIR X 1 (P) of a signal received at a node i (i.e., RX node) 100 located at the center of the hexagon formed by the nodes 101 to 106.
  • X 1 29 where X 1 ,Y ⁇ ,Y k ,Y 1 ,--- are random variables of an independent and identical distribution with an average value of 1.
  • the SIR Y 1 (P) of the RX signal calculated by Equation 2 is larger than a predetermined target SIR ⁇ , a wireless link is connected successfully. If not, i.e., if the SIR ⁇ ,(P) of the RX signal calculated by Equation 2 is not larger than a predetermined target SIR ⁇ , a transmission failure occurs and a retransmission is performed after a predetermined time by the binary exponential random backoff of medium access control.
  • the probability of failure of one wireless link i.e., the wireless link failure probability P c can be calculated based on the following Equation 3.
  • u, v are represented by the carrier sensing range n
  • the average time ⁇ ( ⁇ ,n) taken to transmit a packet from a source node to a destination node can be calculated based on the following Equation 5.
  • t ilol denotes the duration of a single slot used in the binary exponential random backoff system.
  • Equation 3 can be
  • the target SIR ⁇ is fixed, ⁇ ( ⁇ , n) becomes a concave function of the number n of reuse hops and thus there is the optimal hop number n that minimizes a delay time.
  • the exponential item of P c is set to a variable X and ⁇ ( ⁇ ,n) is differentiated to fine a point of "0".
  • an exponential function can be approximated using a Taylor series and up to a fifth-order polynomial equation can be obtained.
  • a fifth or higher order equation has no general solution and thus cannot be expressed as the closed-form solution.
  • an iterative tracking scheme can be used with increasing a numerical accuracy. When more terms are omitted in the Taylor series, a fourth or lower order equation can be obtained. However, the accuracy of the obtained solution decreases.
  • the optimal reuse hop number i.e., the number of
  • n C(a,W 0 ) ⁇ a (see Equation 1)
  • C(a,4) has values of 11.59, 3.6, 2.83, 2.03, 1.79 as the path-loss exponent a has values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the carrier sensing threshold T cs can be calculated based on the following Equation 6.
  • Pr transmission power and the remaining factors are the same as described above.
  • a network interface card i.e., a node
  • the optimal target SIR can be calculated using given parameters a, W 0 , n, T cs as follows:
  • ⁇ n , ⁇ n l,2,...,m ⁇ .
  • the ⁇ n values vary depending on modulation schemes.
  • one node provides a plurality of target SIRs and simultaneous transmission is performed at the hop of the optimal carrier sensing range obtained above for a specific ⁇ n .
  • the throughput satisfying the maximum data transmission rate can be obtained. Because each ⁇ ⁇ value has no uniform relation with a data transmission rate, the ⁇ n with the maximum throughput can be obtained experimentally.
  • the present invention provides a function for adjusting the transmission power for data transmission.
  • a node desiring to transmit data at a predetermined data transmission rate which includes a source node and a relay node, receives a pilot signal transmitted periodically from a neighbor infrastructure and analyzes the received pilot signal, thereby determining channel state information of the current wireless channel, i.e., a path-loss exponent a .
  • the node analyzes the reception power of a pilot signal received periodically from a neighbor infrastructure (e.g., devices located on a road and transmit a busy tone or a pilot signal) , determines the current channel state (e.g., whether a line-of-site environment or an environment with many reflective objects), and determines a path-loss exponent a as one of 2 through 6 according to the status determination results.
  • a neighbor infrastructure e.g., devices located on a road and transmit a busy tone or a pilot signal
  • determines the current channel state e.g., whether a line-of-site environment or an environment with many reflective objects
  • a path-loss exponent a is obtained by analyzing a pilot signal received periodically from a neighbor infrastructure. In an alternative embodiment, a path-loss exponent a is obtained by analyzing signals received from neighbor nodes .
  • step S202 the node calculates a carrier sensing range n, which is capable of minimizing data collision, according to Equation 1 using a path-loss exponent a , a target SIR ⁇ , and an initial contention window size W 0 . That is, assuming that W 0 of n — C(a,W Q )/ a ( se e Equation 1) is "4" (may be different in actuality), C(a,4) has values of 11.59, 3.6, 2.83, 2.03, 1.79 as a path-loss exponent a has values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • the carrier sensing range n becomes one of 11.59, 3.6, 2.83, 2.03, 1.79.
  • the target SIR ⁇ is calculated and provided by an application program of the corresponding node, which is set to be optimal based on a data transmission rate supportable by a network interface card.
  • the node senses neighbor nodes and measures an idle state Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) . That is, when there is data to be transmitted, each node checks the time of an idle state of a propagation environment (e.g., a wireless transmission medium) to detect a time interval between idle states.
  • IAT Inter-Arrival Time
  • step S204 using the idle state IAT, the node calculates the number of nodes attempting data transmission (hereinafter referred to as contention node number) based on the following Equation 7.
  • step S206 the node compares the calculated contention node number with the carrier sensing range n.
  • ⁇ de notes a transmission slot time of a node on the multi-hop wireless network. If K and the idle state IAT both have the time unit of seconds, the contention node number can be compared with the carrier sensing range n. If the carrier sensing range n is larger than the contention node number, the node increases the previous transmission power by one level and transmits data at the increased transmission power, in step S208. If the carrier sensing range n is equal to the contention node number, the node maintains the previous transmission power and transmits data at the maintained transmission power, in step S210. If the carrier sensing range n is smaller than the contention node number, the node reduces the previous transmission power by one level and transmits data at the reduced transmission power, in step S212.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimal data transmission from a node with constant transmission power on a multi-hop wireless network m accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an IEEE 802.11 node specifically a network interface card of the node has a constant carrier sensing threshold. If the network interface card is improved to correct the carrier sensing threshold, the optimal carrier sensing threshold can be determined using a suitable calculation scheme. Also, if each node NIC sets a target SIR according to a supportable target data transmission rate, calculates an optimal carrier sensing threshold using the target SIR, and determines whether to transmit data according to the optimal carrier sensing threshold, the maximum throughput can be obtained.
  • a node desiring to transmit data at a predetermined data transmission rate i.e., a node with constant transmission power
  • a node with constant transmission power receives a pilot signal transmitted periodically from a neighbor infrastructure and analyzes the received pilot signal, thereby determining channel state information of the current wireless channel, i.e., a path-loss exponent a .
  • a path-loss exponent a channel state information of the current wireless channel
  • the node calculates a carrier sensing threshold T cs , which is capable of minimizing data collision, based on Equation 6 using a path-loss exponent a , a target SIR ⁇ , a predetermined transmission power Pr, and an initial contention window size W 0 .
  • the target SIR ⁇ is calculated and provided by an application program of the corresponding node, which is set to be optimal based on a data transmission rate supportable by a network interface card.
  • the node senses neighbor nodes and measures an idle state Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) . That is, when there is data to be transmitted, each node checks the time of an idle state of a propagation environment (e.g., a wireless transmission medium) to detect a time interval between idle states.
  • IAT Inter-Arrival Time
  • step S304 the node compares the reception power of a signal received from a neighbor node with the carrier sensing threshold T cs .
  • the node transmits data with the predetermined transmission power Pr , in step S306.
  • the node defers data transmission in step S308 and returns to step
  • the node knows that it should not transmit data because another node is transmitting data through a wireless medium (e.g., a wireless channel) .
  • a wireless medium e.g., a wireless channel
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a target SIR and a carrier sensing threshold.
  • Fig. 5 is a gxaph illustrating the relationship between a target SIR and an end-to-end throughput.
  • the simulation for the present invention is an experiment that arranges 15 nodes linearly and detects the relationship between the target SIR and the optimal carrier sensing threshold.
  • the constant C (see Equation 1) may be different from the simulation result. The reason for this is that all parameters of actual conditions are not considered in the present simulation.
  • the present simulation disregards constants and focuses on detecting the degree of the similarity of the equation structure to the simulation.
  • the simulation exhibits the satisfactory similarity to actual conditions.
  • a threshold value for determination of the carrier sensing range is present in a network interface card of each node, and the carrier sensing range may be considered as being reciprocal to the threshold value.
  • Fig. 5 shows end-to-end throughput values (i.e., network throughput values) depending on the target SIRs in the graph of Fig. 4. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the maximum throughput "30" is obtained when the target
  • the technology of the present invention can be realized as a program and stored in a computer-readable recording medium, such as CD-ROM, RAM,
  • ROM read-only memory
  • floppy disk disk
  • hard disk disk
  • magneto-optical disk magneto-optical disk
  • the present application contains subject matter related to Korean Patent Application Nos. 2006-0124027, and 2007-0107682, filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on December 07, 2006, and October 25, 2007, respectively, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission optimale de données pour améliorer la vitesse de transmission des données d'un noeud avec une puissance de transmission variable dans un réseau sans fil à plusieurs bonds. Ce procédé consiste à: obtenir des informations de l'état du canal concernant un canal sans fil courant du noeud; calculer une plage de détection de porteuse dans le nombre de bonds à l'aide des informations obtenues sur l'état du canal, d'un rapport cible signal/interférence et de la taille de la fenêtre de contention afin de minimiser la collision des données; calculer le nombre de noeuds essayant de transmettre des données sur la base des signaux reçus des noeuds voisins, le nombre de noeuds tentant la transmission des données étant le nombre de noeuds de contention et régler la puissance de transmission de manière adaptative en fonction de la valeur de la plage de détection de porteuse calculée et du nombre de noeuds de contention et transmettre les données sur la base de la vitesse de transmission établie.
PCT/KR2007/006289 2006-12-07 2007-12-05 Procédé de transmission optimale de données pour améliorer la vitesse de transmission de données dans un réseau sans fil à plusieurs bonds WO2008069578A1 (fr)

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US12/518,013 US20100317383A1 (en) 2006-12-07 2007-12-05 Method of optimal data transmission for improving data transmission rate in multi-hop wireless network

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KR20060124027 2006-12-07
KR10-2006-0124027 2006-12-07
KR10-2007-0107682 2007-10-25
KR1020070107682A KR100925269B1 (ko) 2006-12-07 2007-10-25 멀티홉 무선 네트워크에서의 데이터 전송률의 향상을 위한최적의 데이터 전송 방법

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WO2014044415A1 (fr) * 2012-09-24 2014-03-27 Nec Europe Ltd. Procédé et système de fonctionnement de stations dans un réseau de stations coopératives
EP2583488A4 (fr) * 2010-06-21 2016-02-17 Sharp Kk Procédé d'allocation de ressources pour le renvoi d'informations d'état de canaux et procédé de renvoi d'informations d'état de canaux

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KR101285762B1 (ko) * 2010-12-01 2013-07-18 연세대학교기술지주 주식회사 동적 무선 이동 네트워크에서 노드의 통신반경 및 송신파워 설정 방법
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