WO2008064681A1 - Procédé et installation pour fabriquer une litière pour animaux et une telle litière - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour fabriquer une litière pour animaux et une telle litière Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008064681A1
WO2008064681A1 PCT/DK2007/000525 DK2007000525W WO2008064681A1 WO 2008064681 A1 WO2008064681 A1 WO 2008064681A1 DK 2007000525 W DK2007000525 W DK 2007000525W WO 2008064681 A1 WO2008064681 A1 WO 2008064681A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
straw
bedding
unit
pelletizing
finely cut
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2007/000525
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008064681A8 (fr
Inventor
Jan Nielsen
Original Assignee
Dansk Dyrestimuli A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK200600314U external-priority patent/DK200600314U3/da
Application filed by Dansk Dyrestimuli A/S filed Critical Dansk Dyrestimuli A/S
Publication of WO2008064681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008064681A1/fr
Publication of WO2008064681A8 publication Critical patent/WO2008064681A8/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method for producing bedding for animals in stable facilities and based on vegetable straw which is finely cut.
  • the invention furthermore concerns a plant for producing bedding for animals in stable facilities and based on vegetable straw, including a plurality of processing members that include a member for fine cutting.
  • the invention also concerns bedding for animals in stable facilities and based on finely cut vegetable straw.
  • the bedding can be made of straw of various species of grass and grain, as e.g. elephant grass, wheat or barley, or corresponding fibrous biological materials.
  • the prior art bedding appears with elementary fibres in the straw which has been beaten free of mutual bonds at the fine cutting. Thereby fibre ends or straw parts randomly protruding from the fibre bundles/the short straws are formed. After the fine cutting, these protruding fibre ends/straw parts will appear pointed and sharp.
  • the bedding thus appears with sharp, pointed and cutting members causing problems for many animals.
  • the bedding is used for various animals, as e.g. poultry, horses, cows, pigs and fur animals.
  • the bedding will be used as a common bedding material or as a ground cover in a stable and has the primary purpose of providing a bed, and at the same time provides for absorption of liquid.
  • the plant according to the invention is peculiar in that it furthermore includes a pelletizing member which is adapted to exert a pressure during pelletizing of finely cut straw so that heating to a temperature above 70 0 C, preferably above 8O 0 C, is provided, a comminuting member for comminuting pelletized material for forming loose bedding consisting of individual bundles of elementary fibres and short straw parts, and conveying means for transporting the material between the various processing members of the plant.
  • a pelletizing member which is adapted to exert a pressure during pelletizing of finely cut straw so that heating to a temperature above 70 0 C, preferably above 8O 0 C, is provided
  • a comminuting member for comminuting pelletized material for forming loose bedding consisting of individual bundles of elementary fibres and short straw parts
  • conveying means for transporting the material between the various processing members of the plant.
  • the bedding according to the invention is peculiar in that it includes individual bundles of sterilised elementary fibres/short straw parts, where the elementary fibres are softened as the cell structure in the elementary fibres and the straw parts are crushed.
  • the pressure in the pelletizing unit can be based on press pressure above 1000 bar and preferably also at press pressure above 2000 bar, or even above 2500 bar. Typically, a press pressure about 2000 is applied.
  • straw parts are also formed of elementary fibres, but by the term “bundles of elementary fibres” is meant units which are formed of a small number of elementary fibres, e.g. in a number down to ten or less elementary fibres, whereas the term “straw parts” designates units with a very large number of elementary fibres, e.g. in a number of 100 or more.
  • the protruding fibre ends or straw parts from the fibre bundles/the short straws at the pressing/compression performed at the pelletizing will thus be mashed and crushed so that afterwards they appear softened. Furthermore, it has appeared that the bedding will present an elastic effect, which is an advantage in the bed and thereby for animal welfare in the stable.
  • the heating occurs as a combination of friction heat and compression heat.
  • At the start of the pelletizing there will be a need for adding heat by heating the die of the pelletizing machine. Hereby is achieved a temperature so that even the first bedding run through the die has the desired temperature. After starting up, there will be no need of adding heat to the process in order to achieve the desired temperatures.
  • the method according to the invention is peculiar in that heating to a temperature at a level between 120 and 160 0 C, particularly between 140 and 150 0 C, in surface temperature is performed. By these temperatures in the matrix of a pelletizing unit, sterilisation is ensured.
  • the heating at the surface and the temperature induced at the interior of the pelletized product will thus be based on compression temperature and the friction temperature occurring at the surface due to the friction between the straw material and the die of the pelletizing unit.
  • the method according to the invention is peculiar in that the straw is finely cut in a hammer mill.
  • the hammer mill has appeared to be a suitable unit for cutting/fine cutting the straw. Apart from the cutting, the impacting action in the hammer mill provides free straw parts and bundles of elementary fibres which are suited for the subsequent treatment.
  • the hammer mill is usually operating with a surplus of air so that the hammer mill can be utilised for air transport of the finely cut straw for subsequent treatment.
  • the subsequent treatment will preferably include cleaning of the material, so that unwanted particles are avoided in the finished product.
  • the method according to the invention is thus peculiar in that dust and sand separation is performed and excess air is exhausted from the hammer mill in a cyclone before the pelletizing.
  • this cyclone it will thus be possible to clean the material before the subsequent treatment in a pelletizing unit.
  • the straw parts and bundles of the elementary fibres will also come out of the bottom.
  • the material from the bottom of the cyclone is passed into a dust separator consisting of a screw conveyor with a cyclone inlet and with a bottom plate including a sifting sieve that allow sand and soil particles as well as dust to fall out and be collected under the screw conveyor.
  • the screw conveyor will then convey the sifted and finely cut straw fraction to the pelletizing unit.
  • the finely cut straw may thus fall down into the screw and be transported against the outlet of the screw conveyor and a passage over the sifting sieve will during the course entail that dust and sand particles fall down due to the force of gravity.
  • a suction box which is connected with the sifting sieve so that dust and sand particles are sucked through the sieve and then conveyed to deposition.
  • units for adding/admixing various materials are provided in connection with the screw conveyor. This may e.g. be the case if the straw material is desired admixed with other types of absorbing means, or if addition of chemical agents is wanted for treating the straw material.
  • the method according to the invention is peculiar in that the pelletized material is cooled at least partly before the comminution.
  • Pelletizing of the material may be effected in a traditional pelletizing unit.
  • the pelletizing unit may be arranged with two, three or more parallel pelletizing presses so that it may be possible to adapt the process and the plant according to the production demand so that the pelletizing unit can run in an optimum manner.
  • it is essential that the pelletizing unit is operating at a pressure so that desired temperatures by compression and friction and desired material properties at the pressure action imparted to the straw material during compression in the pelletizing unit are attained.
  • the material will thus leave the pelletizing unit in the form of an extruded string of material having a high temperature.
  • the string of material is passed through open cooler lines which in principle consist of a row of rings interconnected by longitudinal pipes so that an open path appears in which heat exchange with the surrounding may be effected.
  • the string of material will hereby be cooled by being advanced through the cooler line.
  • the cooler line is thus used for conveying the string of material from pelletizing units to a subsequent comminuting unit.
  • the string of material It is possible to cool the string of material more or less. In practice, the temperature is desired to be maintained in the string of material over a longer period of time in order to ensure that the friction heat has diffused into the central core of the string of material.
  • conveyor means as e.g. toothed wheels engaging the string of material, and which may produce drawing of the material line so that it is not only pushed through the cooler line by the pelletizing machine but is also pulled through the cooler line by the conveyor means.
  • the conveyor means engaging the string of material may cause a partial degrading and cause the material to fall out of the open cooler line. It is thus preferred that only a partial cooling is performed in the cooler line, and that the string of material is conducted into the comminution unit while it is still warm and coherent.
  • the comminution unit will usually be provided in the form of a clod crusher which is known from the fertilizer industry where it is utilised for crushing clods in fertilizer.
  • a tearing up and comminution of the string of material is effected.
  • the comminuted material then falls down upon a conveyor belt as a comminuted material having loose structure that is made up of individual bundles of elementary fibres and short straw parts.
  • the loose material of individual bundles of elementary fibres and short straw parts will still have a high temperature.
  • By placing the loose material on the conveyor belt there is achieved evaporation of moisture from the straw and cooling of the material which still may have a temperature in the magnitude of 50-70 0 C.
  • the evaporation contributes to the release of water content from the straw material.
  • the method according to the invention is peculiar in that the comminuted material is treated by spraying with an anti-taste substance. This occurs immediately after the clod crusher and the comminution, while the loose material is located on the conveyor belt moving the loose material away from the comminuting unit. Alternatively, this spraying may be performed later in connection with transport to packing.
  • Anti-taste substances would be a preferred means of treatment in order to avoid animals using the bedding as feedstuff.
  • a suitable anti-taste substance may e.g. be urine from predators. Practical experiments show that most animals of prey will be indisposed to eat material treated with urine from predators.
  • the conveyor belt may have a length so that cooling of the loose material to room temperatures is achieved.
  • the cooling may be enhanced by leading the conveyor track through cooling zones where removal of water vapours occurs also simultaneously with the removal of heat.
  • the comminuted material will still contain dust but this will now only be straw dust.
  • the loose bedding from the conveyor belt is passed over a vibration conveyor operating as a shaker screen.
  • a vibration conveyor operating as a shaker screen.
  • a screw conveyor with sifting sieve and built-in exhausting of dust.
  • straw parts and the bundles of elementary fibres will go on to packing/storage whereas straw dust will fall out of the shaker screen and may be sent to depositing.
  • Containers may e.g. be of the compactor type with the object of transporting large amounts of bedding in compacted condition.
  • the method according to the invention is peculiar in that straw with a water content below 18%, preferably below 13%, is used, and that the water content in the comminuted material is brought to a level of about 10% or less. By such a water content the desired absorption capacity in the finished bedding will be obtained.
  • the plant according to the invention is peculiar in that a fluffing unit for tearing up bales of straw are disposed before the unit for fine cutting, that the unit for fine cutting is provided in the form of a hammer mill, that the pelletizing unit is arranged with two or more parallel pelletizing presses, that the comminuting unit is provided in the form of a clod crusher, and that the conveying means are selected among air blowers, conveyor belts, shaker conveyors and open cooler lines.
  • straw will be provided in the shape of bales that are delivered to the plant.
  • a fluffing unit which e.g. may be of the type known from tearing up straw bales in connection with straw-fired units.
  • Using a slowly running fluffing unit is preferred with consideration to noise.
  • various units on the market may be used for fluffing, so that the straw is conducted in more or less unbroken form from the fluffing unit to the hammer mill.
  • the straw parts When operating the plant, the straw parts will be cut to lengths of 20 mm or less.
  • the hammer mill will in a known way be provided with a screen so that straw parts which are not shortened to this length will be returned for further treatment in the hammer mill.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic drawing of the design of a plant according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sketch of a bundle of elementary fibres that have been subjected to retting.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown an elementary sketch illustrating the elements that are necessary for understanding the design of a plant according to the invention.
  • the plant according to the invention is generally designated with the reference 1.
  • the plant is intended for handling straw bales 2, which e.g. may be big bales or round bales.
  • the bales 2 are placed on a conveyor 3 that move them to a fluffing unit 4.
  • the fluffing unit 4 is used for unravelling and tearing up the material.
  • a screw conveyor 5 moves fluffed material to a hammer mill 6. From the hammer mill 6 the material is conveyed by air transport from the hammer mill via a conveyor pipe 7 to a cyclone separator 8.
  • a dust separator 9 At the bottom of the cyclone separator 8 there is provided a dust separator 9. In the shown embodiment, there are provided two dust separators 9, each leading to a storage silo 10. Each of the dust separators 9 includes an inlet from the bottom of the cyclone separator and a screw conveyor as well as a bottom plate with a sifting sieve for removing sand and dust. Thus it will be cleaned and finely cut straw which is passed on to the silos 10.
  • transport ducts 11 which may be screw conveyors leading to a pelletizing unit 12.
  • the pelletizing unit 12 in the shown embodiment consists of three pelletizing presses 13 which via dies are pressing strings of material 14 to a clod crusher 15.
  • the string of material 14 is passed through a cooler line which is formed of a row of successive rings that are interconnected by longitudinal pipes for forming an open guiding of the string of material so that exchange of temperature with the surroundings can occur.
  • the string of material is torn up so that the straw material hence appears as a loose structure of individual straw parts and bundles of elementary fibres.
  • This loose material is placed on a conveyor belt 16 having a length that enables cooling before the material is transferred to a dust cleaning unit in the form of a vibration conveyor 17 which removes straw dust.
  • a processing unit 18 that enables application of a spray 19 of urine from predators on the loose bedding so that the bedding will not be eaten by the animals.
  • the end storage 21 is shown with three storage units 22.
  • the storage units may either lead to a container 23 or to a packing machine 24 where the bedding is packed in sacks. The bedding will then be ready for distribution.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a bundle 25 consisting of a number of elementary fibres 26.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates that after retting, elementary fibres will appear with a number of straw parts that protrude from the bundle as indicated by 27, and a number of pointed ends as indicated by 28, projecting from the bundle 25. These projecting parts 27, 28 will usually appear with a sharp and jabbing effect.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une litière pour animaux dans des installations de logement pour animaux d'élevage et à base de paille végétale finement coupée. La paille finement coupée est granulée à une pression telle qu'un chauffage à une température au-dessus de 70°C, de préférence, au-dessus de 80°C, est produit. Une stérilisation de la matière due aux températures produites lors de la chauffe pendant la granulation est obtenue. De plus, les extrémités des fibre ou les parties de paille saillant des faisceaux de fibres/des courtes pailles lors du pressage/de la compression effectués lors de la granulation, seront écrasées et broyées de telle sorte que, par la suite, elles apparaissent ramollies à mesure que la structure cellulaire des fibres élémentaires et des parties de paille est écrasée. Ensuite, une fragmentation de la matière granulée est effectuée. De ce fait, une litière lâche consistant en faisceaux individuels de fibres élémentaires/courtes parties de paille est formée.
PCT/DK2007/000525 2006-11-30 2007-11-29 Procédé et installation pour fabriquer une litière pour animaux et une telle litière WO2008064681A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK200600314U DK200600314U3 (da) 2006-11-30 2006-11-30 Ströelse
DKBA200600314 2006-11-30
EP07111989A EP1927280A3 (fr) 2006-11-30 2007-07-06 Procédé et équipement pour la fabrication de litières pour animaux et litière pour animaux.
EP07111989.5 2007-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008064681A1 true WO2008064681A1 (fr) 2008-06-05
WO2008064681A8 WO2008064681A8 (fr) 2008-10-30

Family

ID=39467785

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2007/000525 WO2008064681A1 (fr) 2006-11-30 2007-11-29 Procédé et installation pour fabriquer une litière pour animaux et une telle litière

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008064681A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2252709A (en) 1991-01-29 1992-08-19 Unilever Plc Animal bedding
US5195465A (en) * 1989-07-20 1993-03-23 International Cellulose Corporation Flaked cellulose litter material which can be reused as food or fertilizer
GB2262878A (en) * 1991-11-28 1993-07-07 Samgran Straw Limited Straw processing
EP1161859A2 (fr) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-12 Recutec Garnissage pur des animaux

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5195465A (en) * 1989-07-20 1993-03-23 International Cellulose Corporation Flaked cellulose litter material which can be reused as food or fertilizer
GB2252709A (en) 1991-01-29 1992-08-19 Unilever Plc Animal bedding
GB2262878A (en) * 1991-11-28 1993-07-07 Samgran Straw Limited Straw processing
EP1161859A2 (fr) * 2000-05-30 2001-12-12 Recutec Garnissage pur des animaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008064681A8 (fr) 2008-10-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2890428C (fr) Une methode et un procede de traitement de tiges de chanvre completes comprenant l'extraction d'huile du chanvre traite
US10213788B2 (en) Method for processing whole hemp stalks to form dry hemp product comprising cannabinoid oil
US1967333A (en) Bedding for poultry and animals and method of preparing same
EP1927280A2 (fr) Procédé et équipement pour la fabrication de litières pour animaux et litière pour animaux.
US7001512B1 (en) Closed loop processing system for waste and crops
CN106172034A (zh) 一种添加茶花的清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
US6612258B2 (en) Animal bedding and method for making same
US10995041B2 (en) System and method for reprocessing animal bedding
CN106359129A (zh) 一种添加艾叶的清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
WO2008064681A1 (fr) Procédé et installation pour fabriquer une litière pour animaux et une telle litière
CN106069820A (zh) 一种风信子清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
DE19824132A1 (de) Einstreu für die Tierhaltung
EP2910115A1 (fr) Procédé de préparation de litière pour animaux
DE102011114232A1 (de) Verfahren und Anlage zur Verwertung von Biomasse
DE202005011433U1 (de) Einstreu für Geflügel
CN106359136A (zh) 一种茶花清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
CN106359127A (zh) 一种添加薰衣草的清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
EP4253512A1 (fr) Produit de désinfection pour nettoyer et désinfecter des tubes d'alimentation pour animaux
US7293724B2 (en) Animal bedding composition method of manufacture
CN106359135A (zh) 一种鸡蛋花清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
CN114946671B (zh) 一种抗菌防虫防臭防堵宠物颗粒及其制备方法
US20070175402A1 (en) Animal litter and floor coverings for human shelters made from citrus peels and produced by method resulting in curled, rounded edges
CN106359134A (zh) 一种樱花清香型猫砂及其加工工艺
US20070169708A1 (en) Method of making animal litter and floor coverings for human shelters from citrus peels, and disposing of citrus peels in a a cost-efficient, recyclable environmentally-sound manner
US20180359988A1 (en) Miscanthus absorbent product and methods of producing the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07846406

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07846406

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1