WO2008063805A2 - Laser passivation of metal surfaces - Google Patents
Laser passivation of metal surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008063805A2 WO2008063805A2 PCT/US2007/082322 US2007082322W WO2008063805A2 WO 2008063805 A2 WO2008063805 A2 WO 2008063805A2 US 2007082322 W US2007082322 W US 2007082322W WO 2008063805 A2 WO2008063805 A2 WO 2008063805A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piece
- metal work
- laser
- applying
- improving
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
Abstract
A method of using laser energy for treating a metal work-piece to modify chemical properties of a surface of the metal work-piece. The method includes the step of applying a material to a surface of a metal work-piece. The material is corrosive with respect to the surface. The method also includes the step of improving a resistance to corrosion of the surface by initiating a chemical reaction between the corrosive material and the surface with a laser.
Description
LASER PASSIVATION OF METAL SURFACES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention [0001] The invention relates to treatment of metal surfaces with a laser.
2. Description of Related Art
[0002] Lasers can rapidly heat a surface of a work-piece for adjusting properties of the surface. An absorptive coating can be applied to the surface to be heated to enhance the energy transfer from the laser to the work-piece. By using a laser to quickly heat a surface, conventional quenching by a gas or a liquid is unnecessary since only the shallow surface layer is heated. The part will actually self- quench, due to the extremely high heat differential between the surface layer heated by the laser and the remainder of the work-piece. In another process, such as carburizing or induction heating, a part may be heated in one operation, and, if necessary, be rapidly quenched by a gas or a liquid. Laser radiation can be generated by CO2, Excimer or Nd- YAG lasers, diode lasers; some of these lasers can achieve intensities of more than 10 watt/cm2.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] A method of using laser energy for treating a metal work-piece to modify chemical properties of a surface of the metal work-piece. The method includes the step of applying a material to a surface of a metal work-piece. The material is corrosive with respect to the surface. The method also includes the step of improving a resistance to corrosion of the surface by initiating a chemical reaction between the corrosive material and the surface with a laser.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] Advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated when considered in connection with the following detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:
[0005] Figure 1 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating a first exemplary method for practicing the invention;
[0006] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the first exemplary method being practiced;
[0007] Figure 3 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating a second exemplary method for practicing the invention;
[0008] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the second exemplary method being practiced;
[0009] Figure 5 is a simplified flow diagram illustrating a third exemplary method for practicing the invention; and
[0010] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the third exemplary method being practiced.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0011] A plurality of different embodiments of the invention are shown in the
Figures of the application. Similar features are shown in the various embodiments of the invention. Similar features have been numbered with a common reference numeral and have been differentiated by an alphabetic designation. Also, to enhance consistency, features in any particular drawing share the same alphabetic designation even if the feature is shown in less than all embodiments. Similar features are structured similarly, operate similarly, and/or have the same function unless otherwise indicated by the drawings or this specification. Furthermore, particular features of one embodiment can replace corresponding features in another embodiment unless otherwise indicated by the drawings or this specification.
[0012] A first exemplary process according to the invention is shown in
Figures 1 and 2. The process starts at step 10. At step 12, a material 14 is applied to a surface 16 of a metal work-piece 18. The material 14 is corrosive with respect to the surface 16 and, as a result, the metal work-piece 18. In the exemplary embodiment of
the invention, the metal work-piece 18 is ferrous and the material is at least one of sodium nitrate (NaNCβ), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and potassium nitrite (KN02).
[0013] In the first exemplary embodiment of the invention, the material 14 can be mixed with water to form a solution and sprayed on the surface 16. The material 14 is substantially non-hazardous; as a result, the inventive method is less costly than other, known methods for treating metal work-pieces to reduce the likelihood of corrosion. The materials set forth above are not completely non-hazardous. The materials are not inert. However, the materials are substantially less toxic than materials used in chrome plating; a process that the present invention can replace. The solution can also include a surfactant to promote wetting of the surface 16 by the solution. The solution is then dried before the laser treatment. The height of the dried solution is exaggerated in Figure 2.
[0014] The process continues to step 20 where a laser 22 directs a beam 24 of energy at the surface 16. The exemplary laser 22 is a 4KW diode laser with a rectangular beam of 0.5 mm by 12 mm. The energy of the beam 24 initiates a chemical reaction between the corrosive material 14 and the surface 16. The exemplary beam 24 is passed along the surface 16 at about 3 meters/minute, where the short axis of the beam is parallel to the treatment path. The chemical reaction results in a chemically converted layer at the surface 16 integral with the metal work- piece 18. The surface 16 has improved corrosion resistance after chemical reaction between the material 14 and the surface 16. The process ends at step 26. [0015] A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 3 and 4. In the second exemplary embodiment of the invention, the process starts at step 10a. At step 12a, a material 14a is applied to a surface 16a of a metal work-piece 18a. At step 20a, a laser 22a directs a beam 24b of energy at the surface 16a to initiate a chemical reaction and improve a corrosion resistance of the surface 16a. The steps 12a and 20a are performed concurrently. A solution of material 14a and water can be sprayed directly into the laser 22a and surface 16a interaction zone with a nozzle 28a. Performing the steps 12a and 20a concurrently can eliminate the need to dry the solution. The process ends at step 26a.
[0016] A third embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 5 and 6. In the third exemplary embodiment of the invention, the process starts at step 10b. At step 12b, a material 14b is applied to a surface 16b of a metal work-piece 18b. The step 12b is carried out by immersing or submerging the surface 16b in solution of the material 14b in water. At step 20b, a laser 20b directs a beam 24b of energy at the surface 16b to initiate a chemical reaction and improve a corrosion resistance of the surface 16b. The beam 24b penetrates the surface 30b of the solution to reach the surface 16b of the work-piece 18b. The process ends at step 26b. [0017] The exemplary embodiments of the invention provide numerous advantages in the field of brake rotors and pistons. The chemically- altered surface 16 will not delaminate or peel off the metal work-piece 18. In addition, the process uses simple salts and not hazardous materials, such as heavy metals. Furthermore, the process is relatively quick, unlike immersion in salt baths, for example, that may take thirty minutes. The exemplary embodiments could be performed on the production line. The invention, being broader than the exemplary embodiments, may not provide these exact advantages in other fields and may provide other advantages. [0018] Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Claims
1. A method of using laser energy for treating a metal work-piece to modify chemical properties of a surface of the metal work-piece comprising the steps of: applying a material to a surface of a metal work-piece wherein the material is corrosive with respect to the surface; and improving a resistance to corrosion of the surface by initiating a chemical reaction between the corrosive material and the surface with a laser.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step is further defined as: spraying a solution of water and at least one of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate, and potassium nitrite on the surface; and drying said solution prior to said improving step.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step is further defined as: submerging the surface in a solution of water and at least one of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate, and potassium nitrite.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of: combining a surfactant with the material prior to said applying step.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said improving step includes the step of: directing a diode laser at the surface.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step and said improving step are further defined as occurring concurrently.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said applying step is further defined as: applying a non-hazardous material to the surface of the metal work- piece wherein the material is corrosive with respect to the surface.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said improving step is further defined as: forming a chemically converted layer at the surface integral with the metal work-piece.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/561,097 US20080116055A1 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2006-11-17 | Laser passivation of metal surfaces |
| US11/561,097 | 2006-11-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008063805A2 true WO2008063805A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| WO2008063805A3 WO2008063805A3 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
Family
ID=39415825
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2007/082322 WO2008063805A2 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-10-24 | Laser passivation of metal surfaces |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080116055A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008063805A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150266736A1 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-09-24 | Ryan C. Jacobs | Rust preventing liquid solution for disc brake rotors |
| CN106670653A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-17 | 恩耐公司 | Rust free stainless steel engraving |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4692191A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-09-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of improving functions of surface of alloy steel by means of irradiation of laser beam, and alloy steel and structure made by the method |
| US5011551A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1991-04-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Protective coating for steel surfaces and method of application |
| US5290608A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-03-01 | Macdermid, Incorporated | Method for forming a patterned mask |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4313771A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1982-02-02 | Xerox Corporation | Laser hardening of steel work pieces |
| US4894511A (en) * | 1986-08-26 | 1990-01-16 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Source of high flux energetic atoms |
| US5868878A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1999-02-09 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Heat treatment by plasma electron heating and solid/gas jet cooling |
| US5411770A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1995-05-02 | National Science Council | Method of surface modification of stainless steel |
| US5741559A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1998-04-21 | Lsp Technologies, Inc. | Laser peening process and apparatus |
| US6454877B1 (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 2002-09-24 | Dana Corporation | Laser phase transformation and ion implantation in metals |
| US20060269687A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Selective area fusing of a slurry coating using a laser |
-
2006
- 2006-11-17 US US11/561,097 patent/US20080116055A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-10-24 WO PCT/US2007/082322 patent/WO2008063805A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4692191A (en) * | 1985-06-04 | 1987-09-08 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of improving functions of surface of alloy steel by means of irradiation of laser beam, and alloy steel and structure made by the method |
| US5011551A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1991-04-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Protective coating for steel surfaces and method of application |
| US5290608A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-03-01 | Macdermid, Incorporated | Method for forming a patterned mask |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080116055A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
| WO2008063805A3 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
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