CN108315531A - A kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method - Google Patents
A kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108315531A CN108315531A CN201810125010.6A CN201810125010A CN108315531A CN 108315531 A CN108315531 A CN 108315531A CN 201810125010 A CN201810125010 A CN 201810125010A CN 108315531 A CN108315531 A CN 108315531A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of metals and alloy components deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method, belong to Surface heat-treatent field.Depth is obtained in piece surface by sensing heating prequenching first and reaches the impewdance matching hardened layer that 2~20mm, grain size reach up to 7~10 grades, hardness number 45~62HRC；Then part is made to reach assembly precision and smoothness requirements needed for surface by machining；It finally uses phase transformation quenching in high energy beam surface to obtain depth in piece surface and reaches the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer that 0.1~2.5mm, grain size are more than 62HRC up to 10~16 grades, hardness number.The composite hardening layer that the present invention obtains is made of the impewdance matching hardened layer and surface layer high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer two parts on secondary surface layer, can be improved surface abrasion resistance and the fatigue life of metal and alloy material, be met rigors of the modern industry to it.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to surface hardening intensive treatment technical field, concretely relate to be suitable for metal and alloy zero
The deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening processing method of part.
Background technology
With the industrial circles such as metallurgical, weight mine, oil, ship weapons, loading, military project, aerospace and power station towards
Big load, high-precision, high efficiency and supermatic direction are developed, also increasingly severe to the performance requirement of key core component
It carves.Therefore, the system of high abrasion, high assembly precision, long life, the metal of excellent operational reliability and alloy part is developed
Processing method is made, is both the key core link of China's advanced manufacturing technology and the powerful support that new and high technology flourishes.
Currently, many successful application examples by surface hardening treatment technology it has been shown that improve material both at home and abroad
Case hardness is the effective hand for ensureing accessory size accuracy, reducing moment of friction, improve surface abrasion resistance, extending fatigue life
Section.The poor surface modification of low cost, performance can be the hardening of high rigidity, high abrasion by surface hardening intensive treatment
Layer, to significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical property of integral material, and can effectively reduce cost, improve processing efficiency.
Existing surface Hardening Treatment includes induced surface hardening (such as Publication No. CN 1176229C, CN
101379203, the patent application of CN 103173595B), the phase transformation of high energy beam surface quench (such as Publication No. CN
The patent application of 103614541B, CN 106702094A, CN 103290176A), Surface thermo-chemical treatment (such as Publication No. CN
The patent application of 101343747A, CN 100554519, CN 100523284), surface-coating technology (such as Publication No. CN
The patent application of 106609349A, CN 102527612B) and surface mechanical enhancement (such as Publication No. CN 106702116A, CN
105177256A patent applications) etc..
But all there is respective technique limitation in these method for surface hardening.For example, Surface thermo-chemical treatment exists
The problem of binding force of membrane is weak, lack of homogeneity is plated, and production process will produce poisonous and harmful substance, is unfavorable for manual operation and can
Sustainable development.Surface-coating technology then faces that coating and basal body binding force be poor, the problems such as expensive.And surface mechanical enhancement is easy
Overcure is formed on surface and is become fragile, and material property is weakened.In contrast, induced surface hardening and the phase transformation of high energy beam surface
Quenching has wider application prospect in many fields.
Wherein, induction hardening is placed in sample in the inductor that hollow copper tubing is coiled into, and is passed through exchange electric or magnetic etc.
Induced current is formed in specimen surface, its surface is made to be heated rapidly to high temperature, immediately sprays or impregnate hardening media to obtain
Tiny martensite tissue is obtained, and then improves superficial hardness number.The advantage of this method be heating speed fast, consuming little energy,
Pollute it is small, efficient, easy to automate, and hardening depth usually larger (several millimeters of magnitudes can be reached).But
It is the disadvantage is that, case hardness is only capable of 2~5HRC of raising, and surface needs to melt when heating, and can not only destroy component surface light
Cleanliness, and surface deformation can be caused larger.
Another method for commonly significantly improving case hardness is the phase transformation quenching of high energy beam surface.This method passes through high energy
The high energy beam of metric density rapid irradiance workpiece surface in a manner of contactless, the temperature in quenching effect area, which rises rapidly, reaches material
Austenitizing temperature then completes austenite phase transformation in very short time, obtains the austenite of crystal grain refinement.Due to workpiece at this time
There is very high temperature gradient between quenching area and matrix still in low-temperature condition in inside.Once stopping radiation, heat
It conducts rapidly and spreads to metallic matrix, (cooling rate is up to 10 for chilling after instantaneous heating for quenching area3~10K/s under) acting on, pass through
Martensitic traoformation obtains the very tiny martensitic structure of size, and completes " from quenching ".It quenches compared to conventional sensing heating
Case hardness can be further increased 15%~40% by fire, high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching, and wearability also significantly improves, Er Qieke
With to accurate labyrinth piece surface realize local selective hardening, while have without hardening media, deformation it is small,
The series of process advantage such as pollution-free.But due to that must control in the infusible completion quenching in surface, thus harden
Usually shallower (0.2~1.2mm), and when large area quenching, processing efficiency is low, there is soft band, hardness between scanning strip for layer depth
Discontinuously.
In conclusion existing surface strengthening technology still cannot be satisfied performance requirement of the industrial quarters to metal component, this at
For the big bottleneck for restricting China's development in science and technology.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a more effective novel surfaces to handle work at present
Skill obtains deeper hardened layer and higher hardness number simultaneously in metal and alloy components surface energy, and then greatly improves component
Wearability and fatigue life.
Invention content
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surfaces to quench
Fiery intensifying method changes impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching phase Application of composite in the surface of metal and alloy components
Property, realize the processing of deep layer high-precision surface quenching strengthening.The metal and alloy components surface energy handled using this method is protected simultaneously
High case hardness, big depth of hardening and excellent precision are demonstrate,proved, and then increases substantially its wearability and service life, it is full
Rigors of the fields such as sufficient wind-powered electricity generation, mine, metallurgy, ship to part performance.
To achieve the above object, it the present invention provides a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method, adopts first
Strenuous primary treatment is carried out to metal and alloy components with sensing heating prequenching, obtains 2~20mm grades of depth, 7~10 grades of crystal grain
The impewdance matching hardened layer of degree, 45~62HRC average hardness values,
Then, local size is carried out to component surface using machining and accuracy correction is handled or in surface size precision
After meeting the requirements, handled without local size and accuracy correction,
Finally, the phase transformation quenching of high energy beam surface is carried out in metal and alloy components surface, in surface layer 0.1~2.5mm ranges
Interior further thinning microstructure prepares the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of 10~16 grades of grain size, hardness to 62HRC or more,
By this method, what the big impewdance matching hardened layer of acquisition depth and high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer with high hardness formed answers
Hardened layer is closed, and then improves wearability, dimensional accuracy and the fatigue life of metal and alloy components entirety.
Further, specifically comprise the following steps：
S1：Metal and alloy components are put into induction heating apparatus and heated, is selected according to required case depth
Corresponding induction hardening process parameter, makes material surface reach austenitizing temperature or more, is sprayed immediately after keeping the temperature setting time
Or impregnate hardening media so that metal or alloy component is quickly cooled down, by control heating temperature, heating time, the rate of heat addition,
Cooling rate reaches 2~20mm, crystal grain to obtain the hardened layer of required depth and hardness number in component surface formation depth
7~10 grades of degree, average hardness reaches the impewdance matching hardened layer of 45~62HRC,
S2：Judge whether metal and alloy components need to be machined out, if component occur during impewdance matching compared with
Large deformation is machined out then according to metal and the surface-mounted precision of alloy components and smoothness requirements；If structure after impewdance matching
Part still meets assembly precision and smoothness requirements, without being machined out；
(3) using single or several high energy beam radiation metals and alloy components surface, temperature at each quenching area is made to reach
More than austenitizing temperature, while to ensure that component surface precision, hardening heat are controlled always in material melting point hereinafter, not melting
Change component surface, adjust the technological parameter in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process according to the actual application, to which control adds
Hot temperature, heating time, the rate of heat addition, cooling rate are obtained by the cumulative heating effect of the multiplicating radiation of high energy beam
Corresponding high energy hardening depth, finally component surface formed grain size reach 0.1 up to 10~16 grades, depth~
2.5mm, average hardness are more than the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of 62HRC.
Further, according to the actual application, it can arbitrarily adjust and each be quenched in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
The technological parameter and quenching times of unit,
When the technological parameter of each quenching unit is identical with number, consistent uniform of each quenching unit depth of quenching is obtained
Type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer；
In the technological parameter that each quenching unit of gradual control quenches every time, can obtain along component depth direction in gradient
The gradient type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of variation；
According to the hardness requirement of component different parts, when controlling the technological parameter or number difference of each quenching unit,
The inconsistent concave-convex type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of each quenching unit depth of quenching can be obtained,
Single high energy beam can be used to the same position of metal and alloy components surface in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
Repeated hardening is carried out to improve high energy beam hardening depth, can also be carried out at the same time in different parts using multiple high energy beams
Quenching, to improve quenching efficiency；Same high energy beam can be distinguished as needed when the same position of component surface carries out repeated hardening
Quenching treatment is carried out using identical or different technical parameters；Same high energy beam is quenched successively in component surface different parts
When, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and carry out quenching treatment；Multiple high energy beams are same in component surface
When one position is simultaneously or sequentially quenched, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and carry out at quenching
Reason；Multiple high energy beams can be respectively adopted identical as needed when component surface different parts are simultaneously or sequentially quenched
Or different technical parameters carry out quenching treatment；
The thickness of high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer and impewdance matching hardened layer, hardness number, dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness are equal
Can according to the actual application, the technological parameter quenched by adjusting impewdance matching and the phase transformation of high energy beam surface is controlled.
Further, according to the actual application, can arbitrarily be adjusted in high energy beam quenching process each quenching unit it
Between spacing carry out continuous quenching, to realize entire surface layer continous way hardening；Also can be passed through by the way of discrete quenching
It is high to form different pattern, the discrete type of different spacing for shape, quantity, size, area and the distribution etc. of the single quenching unit of control
Beam laser quenching hardened layer.
Further, it can assist applying magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound in impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
One or more of wave, microwave, infra-red radiation energy source, high energy beam are selected from laser beam, electron beam, ion beam, plasma
Body and electric arc.
Further, in step S1, induction heating technology is Frequency Induction Heating, high-frequency induction heating, line-frequency induction add
One or more of heat, electromagnetic induction heating.
Further, the metal and alloy components material are selected from carbon steel, bearing steel, work mould steel, steel alloy.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
1. for the first time by impewdance matching and the phase transformation of high energy beam surface quenching it is mutually compound, can prepare by larger depth (2~
20mm), the impewdance matching hardened layer and smaller depth (0.1~2.5mm), hardness number of hardness number up to 45~62HRC are more than 62HRC
High energy beam laser quenching hardened layer composition composite hardening layer, and with inner base densification metallurgical binding.High energy beam laser quenching hardened layer,
It is the metallurgical binding of densification between impewdance matching rigidity layer and basis material, the phenomenon that layer falls off will not be hardened.This is multiple
High hardness value, big case depth and excellent di mension precision can be taken into account simultaneously by closing hardened layer, and then show outstanding entirety
Surface property；
2. the compound quenching strengthening method can not only obtain continous way or discrete type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer, but also can obtain
Uniform type or gradient type or concave-convex type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer are obtained, so as to meet the need of a variety of practical application in industry occasions
It wants；
3. due to having carried out necessary mechanical process after impewdance matching processing, and when the phase transformation quenching treatment of high energy beam surface
Component only local heating, and temperature is not up to fusing point, the heat-affected zone of generation is very narrow, to component overall deformation very little, thus
The composite hardening layer dimensional accuracy of acquisition is higher；The surface recombination hardened layer that processing obtains enables metal and alloy components to meet work
Industry applies the rigors to assembly precision, service life and operational reliability；
4. technological parameter can arbitrarily be adjusted according to practical application request in impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching,
Whole process is simple for process, it is flexible, pollution-free, without discharging, be easily achieved Flexible Manufacture and automated production；It can be with less energy
Source and material obtain performance more higher than basis material, have significant energy-saving material-saving effect；
5. the method for the present invention applicability is wide, autgmentability is strong, can be used for large-scale, medium-sized or micro metal in multiple fields or
The surface Hardening Treatment of alloy components.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method acquisition gradient type laser quenching hardened layer in the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
It does not constitute a conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
High rigidity, the difficulty of big case depth and excellent di mension precision can not be taken into account in order to solve existing surface hardening technology
Topic, the invention discloses a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening methods, by impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase
Become quenching phase Application of composite to be modified in the surface of metal and alloy components, realizes the processing of deep layer high-precision surface quenching strengthening.It adopts
The metal and alloy components surface energy handled with this method ensures high case hardness, big depth of hardening and excellent simultaneously
Precision, and then its wearability and service life are increased substantially, meet the fields such as wind-powered electricity generation, mine, metallurgy, ship to part performance
Rigors.
Impewdance matching is combined with high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching and is applied to metal and alloy components by the present invention for the first time
Surface is modified, and realizes its surface deep layer high rigidity high-precision quenching strengthening processing.It is first by sensing heating prequenching zero
Part surface obtains the impewdance matching hardening that depth reaches 2~20mm, grain size reaches 45~62HRC up to 7~10 grades, hardness number
Layer；Then part is made to reach assembly precision and smoothness requirements needed for surface by machining；Finally use high energy beam surface phase
Become quenching and obtain depth in piece surface and reaches the high energy that 0.1~2.5mm, grain size are more than 62HRC up to 10~16 grades, hardness number
Quenching beam hardened layer.The composite hardening layer that the present invention obtains is hard by the impewdance matching hardened layer and surface layer high energy quenching beam on secondary surface layer
Change layer two parts composition, surface abrasion resistance and the fatigue life of metal and alloy material can be improved.
Below step specific implementation may be used in the above method：
(1) sensing heating：Metal and alloy components are put into induction heating apparatus and heated, according to required hardened layer
Depth selects corresponding induction hardening process parameter, and material surface is made to reach austenitizing temperature or more, after held for some time
Spraying or impregnate immediately hardening media makes metal or alloy component be quickly cooled down, by controlling heating temperature, heating time, heating
The parameters such as rate, cooling rate obtain the hardened layer of required depth and hardness number.Component surface formed depth reach 2~
20mm, 7~10 grades of grain size, average hardness reach the impewdance matching hardened layer of 45~62HRC, as shown in Figure 1；
(2) if during impewdance matching moderate finite deformation occurs for component, according to metal and the surface-mounted essence of alloy components
Degree and smoothness requirements, are machined out；If impewdance matching rear part still meets assembly precision and smoothness requirements, this step can
It omits；
(3) phase transformation of high energy beam surface quenches：Using single or several high energy beam radiation metals and alloy components surface, make
Temperature reaches austenitizing temperature or more at each quenching area, while to ensure that component surface precision, hardening heat control always
In fusing point hereinafter, non-fusible component surface.The technique in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process is adjusted according to the actual application
Parameter is radiated to control heating temperature, heating time, the rate of heat addition, cooling rate etc. by the multiplicating of high energy beam
Cumulative heating effect obtains corresponding high energy hardening depth.Finally component surface formed grain size up to 10~16 grades,
Depth reaches 0.1~2.5mm, and average hardness is more than the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of 62HRC, as shown in Figure 1.
Wherein, metal and alloy components material can be carbon steel, bearing steel, work mould steel, steel alloy or other metals
And alloy.Induction heating technology can be Frequency Induction Heating, high-frequency induction heating, line-frequency induction heating, electromagnetic induction heating
With other induction heating modes.
In order to improve surface hardening effect, can assist applying magnetic in impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
Other energy sources such as field, electric field, ultrasonic wave, microwave, infra-red radiation；High energy beam can be laser beam, electron beam, ion beam, etc. from
Daughter, electric arc, or the compound beam by these high energy beams independent assortment together.
Practical Project practice in, by adjusting in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process technological parameter and quenching time
Number, according to the actual application, the spacing that can arbitrarily adjust between each quenching unit carry out continuous quenching, whole to realize
The continous way on a surface layer is hardened；Can also by the way of discrete quenching, by control the shape of single quenching unit, quantity,
Size, area and distribution etc., formed different pattern, different spacing discrete type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer.According to practical application
It needs, can also arbitrarily adjust the technological parameter and quenching times for each quenching unit in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process.
If each the technological parameter of quenching unit is identical with number, the consistent uniform type high energy of each quenching unit depth of quenching can get
Quenching beam hardened layer；If the technological parameter that the gradual each quenching unit of control quenches every time, can get along component depth direction
Gradient type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer；According to the hardness requirement of component different parts, if the technique ginseng of each quenching unit of control
When number or number difference, the inconsistent concave-convex type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of each quenching unit depth of quenching can get；
Single high energy beam may be used in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process to the same portion of metal and alloy components surface
Position carries out repeated hardening to improve high energy beam hardening depth；Can also use multiple high energy beams different parts simultaneously into
Row quenching, to improve quenching efficiency.Same high energy beam can divide as needed when the same position of component surface carries out repeated hardening
It Cai Yong not identical or different technical parameters progress quenching treatment.Same high energy beam is quenched successively in component surface different parts
When fiery, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and carry out quenching treatment.Multiple high energy beams are in component surface
When same position is simultaneously or sequentially quenched, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and quenched
Processing.Phase can be respectively adopted when component surface different parts are simultaneously or sequentially quenched in multiple high energy beams as needed
Same or different technical parameters carry out quenching treatment.
The thickness of high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer and impewdance matching hardened layer, hardness number, dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness are equal
Can according to the actual application, the technological parameter quenched by adjusting impewdance matching and the phase transformation of high energy beam surface is controlled.
For more detailed description the method for the present invention, it is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
GCr15 steel is mainly for the manufacture of main shaft bearing, rolling bearing, ball, axle sleeve and mold etc..Due to deep-etching, height
The severe Service Environments such as alternating load, the big temperature difference, complex load situation, main failure forms are damaged for contact fatigue.Therefore,
This example selects GCr15 steel to carry out the compound quenching strengthening of surface deep layer high-precision.
Material is that size is Φ 300mm × 80mm after standard quenching+low-temperature tempering heat treatment selected by this experiment
GCr15 steel curved beams, GB/T 230.1-2009 progress Rockwell hardness test, hardness number are 45~55HRC according to national standards.
Surface Hardening Treatment is carried out to sample, concrete technology is as follows：
(1) mid-frequency induction hardening：Sample is put into intermediate frequency induction heating device and is rotated with 60 revs/min of speed, induction
Device is 80kW with heating power, and carrying out heating to sample makes material surface reach austenitizing temperature or more, uniformly keeps the temperature 2min,
Then inductor stops heating, and injection pressure is 20MPa immediately, the cooling water that water temperature is 20 DEG C makes sample be quickly cooled down, injection
Time 80s.By metallography microscope sem observation and Rockwell hardness test, measures and reaches 10mm in specimen surface acquisition depth at this time,
7 grades of grain size, average hardness reach the impewdance matching hardened layer of 55~62HRC；
(2) according to the piece surface assembly precision and smoothness requirements, it is machined out machining；
(3) laser surface hardening：Discretization of half-space surface formula is carried out using four lasers to GCr15 steel from four different angles to quench
Fiery intensive treatment.The output power that four lasers are selected is 2000W, spot diameter 0.5mm, passes through scanning galvanometer system control
Laser scanning speed processed is 100mm/s.Four beam laser while the different location on irradiated sample surface, each position laser irradiation
Number is 80 times, and each laser irradiation time is 100ms, and 500ms is divided between irradiation time.Spacing between adjacent quenching unit
For 3mm, and then obtain the discrete type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer being made of array quenching unit.Each laser irradiation makes respectively to quench
Temperature reaches austenitizing temperature or more at fiery unit area, below fusing point.It is tried by metallography microscope sem observation and Rockwell hardness
It tests, the grain size for measuring the quenching unit after specimen surface laser treatment at this time reaches 1.2mm up to 15 grades, depth, is averaged firmly
Degree reaches 68HRC；And do not carry out laser quenching treated region and still keep 7~10 grades of grain size, average hardness 55~
62HRC.Discrete type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer is obtained at this time.
Using the composite hardening layer of the method for the present invention treated specimen surface by depth 10mm, 7 grades of grain size, average hard
Degree reaches the discrete type of 68HRC up to the impewdance matching hardened layer and depth 1.2mm of 55~62HRC, 15 grades of grain size, average hardness
High energy beam laser quenching hardened layer forms.Its fatigue life test value is traditional impewdance matching or high energy beam hardened face processing sample
Almost 5 times, be do not make any surface treatment sample about 10 times.
Embodiment 2：
45# steel is the important cores such as manufacture heavy truck thrust wheel, automobile axle shaft, bent axle, camshaft and machine tool gears
The common used material of part.These components bear complicated heavily loaded force effect, and Service Environment is severe, therefore abrasion and fatigue fracture
It is its main failure forms.Therefore, this example selects 45# steel to carry out the compound quenching strengthening of surface deep layer high-precision.
This experiment material therefor is the 45# carbon steel curved beams that size is Φ 200mm × 100mm after standard modifier treatment.
GB/T 230.1-2009 carry out Rockwell hardness test according to national standards, and hardness is 30~45HRC.To sample into surface peening
Processing, concrete technology are as follows：
(1) electromagnetic induction quenches：Sample is put into electromagnetic induction heater and is rotated with 100 revs/min of speed, power supply
Frequency is 100kHz, and heating time 5min makes material surface reach austenitizing temperature or more, and then inductor heating stops
Only, spray cooling water makes sample be quickly cooled down immediately, injecting time 60s.Wherein water pressure of cooling water is 2MPa, water temperature 20
℃.Depth being obtained in specimen surface at this time and reaching 8mm, 8 grades of grain size, the induction that average hardness reaches between 45~55HRC is quenched
Fiery hardened layer；
(2) according to the specimen surface assembly precision and smoothness requirements, it is machined out machining；
(3) electron beam hardening：It is 10 in vacuum degree-2In the vacuum chamber of Pa under the accelerating potential of 80kV, quenched using electron beam
Fiery device carries out continuous quenching processing to surface layer.Beam power is 5kW, and electron beam spot diameter is 6mm, beam current
100mA, movement speed 20mm/s.The umber of exposures of each quenching unit is 120 times, and each irradiation time is 80ms, irradiation
Time interval is 200ms.Spacing between adjacent quenching unit is 5mm, to make complete metallurgical junction between each quenching unit
It closes.Irradiation makes at each quenching area temperature reach austenitizing temperature or more every time, below fusing point.And then it is obtained in specimen surface deep
Degree reaches the continous way high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer that 0.8mm, grain size are more than 62HRC up to 16 grades, average hardness.
Using the composite hardening layer of the method for the present invention treated specimen surface by depth 8mm, 8 grades of grain size, average hard
Spend up to 45~55HRC impewdance matching hardened layer and depth reach 0.8mm, grain size up to 16 grades, average hardness be more than 62HRC's
Continous way high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer forms.Its fatigue life test value is traditional impewdance matching or the processing of high energy beam hardened face
Almost 3 times of sample are not using about 6 times of any surface treatment sample.
Embodiment 3：
42CrMo steel is commonly used to manufacture the component that intensity requirement is high, cross dimensions is larger.The dominant failure of these components
Form is fatigue fracture.Therefore, this example selects 42CrMo steel to carry out the compound quenching strengthening of surface deep layer high-precision.
This experiment material therefor is the 42CrMo steel examination that size is 200mm × 200mm × 100mm after standard modifier treatment
Sample.GB/T 230.1-2009 carry out Rockwell hardness test according to national standards, and hardness is 40~50HRC.It is strong into surface to sample
Change is handled, and concrete technology is as follows：
(1) mid-frequency induction hardening：Sample is put into intermediate frequency induction heating device and is rotated with 120 revs/min of speed, induction
Device is 150kW with heating power, and carrying out heating to sample makes material surface reach austenitizing temperature or more, uniformly keeps the temperature
10min, then inductor heating stop, and injection pressure is 2MPa immediately, the cooling water that water temperature is 2 DEG C makes sample be quickly cooled down,
Injecting time 80s.By metallography microscope sem observation and Rockwell hardness test, measures and reach at this time in specimen surface acquisition depth
20mm, 8 grades of grain size, average hardness reach the impewdance matching hardened layer between 50~60HRC, as shown in Figure 2；
(2) plasma quenches：Continuous quenching processing is carried out to specimen surface using plasma beam surface intensifying device.Deng
Ion head nozzle bore is 5mm, plasma head with respect to specimen surface movement velocity is 50mm/s, gas flow 200L/h, etc.
Ion head is 3mm with component surface distance, and the spacing of adjacent quenching unit is 0.5mm.1. first, using voltage for 100V, electricity
For the beam-plasma that stream is 100A at 100 times of each quenching unit irradiation, each irradiation time is 80ms, is divided between irradiation time
200ms.2. secondly, using voltage for 80V, the beam-plasma that electric current is 80A is in each quench unit irradiation 80 times, per subradius
It is 80ms according to the time, 200ms is divided between irradiation time.3. it is last, use voltage for 50V, electric current is the beam-plasma of 50A every
50 times of a quenching unit irradiation, each irradiation time is 80ms, and 200ms is divided between irradiation time.Irradiation makes each quenching every time
Temperature reaches austenitizing temperature or more at area, below fusing point.And then obtain depth in specimen surface and reach 1.0mm, from secondary table
Layer to surface layer grain degree by 8 increase to 16 grades, average hardness increase to by 62HRC the gradient type high energy beam quenching hardening of 65HRC
Layer, as shown in Figure 2.
Using the composite hardening layer of the method for the present invention treated specimen surface by depth 20mm, 8 grades of grain size, average hard
The impewdance matching hardened layer and depth spent up to 50~60HRC reach 1.0mm, increase to 16 by 8 from secondary surface layer to surface layer grain degree
The gradient type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer that grade, average hardness are increased to 65HRC by 62HRC forms.Its fatigue life test value is
Almost 5.5 times of traditional impewdance matching or high energy beam hardened face processing sample are do not take any surface treatment sample about 8
Times.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method, which is characterized in that use sensing heating prequenching pair first
Metal and alloy components carry out strenuous primary treatment, and it is average hard to obtain 2~20mm grades of depth, 7~10 grades of grain sizes, 45~62HRC
The impewdance matching hardened layer of angle value,
Then, local size and accuracy correction processing are carried out to component surface using machining or met in surface size precision
After it is required that, handled without local size and accuracy correction,
Finally, carry out the phase transformation quenching of high energy beam surface on metal and alloy components surface, within the scope of 0.1~2.5mm of surface layer into
Step refining tissue prepares the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of 10~16 grades of grain size, hardness to 62HRC or more,
By this method, what the big impewdance matching hardened layer of acquisition depth and high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer with high hardness formed is compound hard
Change layer, and then improves wearability, dimensional accuracy and the fatigue life of metal and alloy components entirety.
2. a kind of deep layer high rigidity composite surface quenching strengthening method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that its specific packet
Include following steps：
S1：Metal and alloy components are put into induction heating apparatus and heated, is selected according to required case depth corresponding
Induction hardening process parameter, so that material surface is reached austenitizing temperature or more, spray or soak immediately after keeping the temperature setting time
Hardening media is steeped, metal or alloy component is made to be quickly cooled down, by controlling heating temperature, heating time, the rate of heat addition, cooling speed
Rate obtains the hardened layer of required depth and hardness number, and then forms depth in component surface and reach 2~20mm, and grain size 7~
10 grades, average hardness reaches the impewdance matching hardened layer of 45~62HRC,
S2：Judge whether metal and alloy components need to be machined out, if larger change occurs during impewdance matching for component
Shape is machined out then according to metal and the surface-mounted precision of alloy components and smoothness requirements；
If impewdance matching rear part still meets assembly precision and smoothness requirements, without being machined out；
S3：Using single or several high energy beam radiation metals and alloy components surface, temperature at each quenching area is made to reach Ovshinsky
More than body temperature, while to ensure component surface precision, hardening heat is controlled always in material melting point hereinafter, non-fusible structure
Part surface adjusts the technological parameter in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process according to the actual application, to control heating temperature
Degree, heating time, the rate of heat addition, cooling rate, the cumulative heating effect by the multiplicating radiation of high energy beam are corresponding to obtain
High energy hardening depth, finally component surface formed grain size reach 0.1~2.5mm up to 10~16 grades, depth, put down
Equal hardness is more than the high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of 62HRC.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that according to the actual application, can arbitrarily adjust high energy beam surface
The technological parameter and quenching times of unit are each quenched in phase transformation quenching process,
When the technological parameter of each quenching unit is identical with number, it is high to obtain the consistent uniform type of each quenching unit depth of quenching
Beam laser quenching hardened layer；
In the technological parameter that each quenching unit of gradual control quenches every time, it can obtain and change in gradient along component depth direction
Gradient type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer；
It can be obtained according to the hardness requirement of component different parts when controlling the technological parameter or number difference of each quenching unit
The inconsistent concave-convex type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of each quenching unit depth of quenching is obtained,
Single high energy beam can be used to carry out the same position of metal and alloy components surface in high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
Repeated hardening can also be carried out at the same time in different parts using multiple high energy beams and be quenched to improve high energy beam hardening depth
Fire, to improve quenching efficiency；Same high energy beam can be adopted respectively as needed when the same position of component surface carries out repeated hardening
Quenching treatment is carried out with identical or different technical parameters；Same high energy beam is quenched successively in component surface different parts
When, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and carry out quenching treatment；Multiple high energy beams are same in component surface
When one position is simultaneously or sequentially quenched, identical or different technical parameters can be respectively adopted as needed and carry out at quenching
Reason；Multiple high energy beams can be respectively adopted identical as needed when component surface different parts are simultaneously or sequentially quenched
Or different technical parameters carry out quenching treatment；
The thickness of high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer and impewdance matching hardened layer, hardness number, dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness can roots
It is needed according to practical application, the technological parameter quenched by adjusting impewdance matching and the phase transformation of high energy beam surface is controlled.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that according to the actual application, the energy in high energy beam quenching process
Spacing between the arbitrary each quenching unit of adjustment carries out continuous quenching, to realize the continous way hardening on entire surface layer；Also can
By the way of discrete quenching, by controlling shape, quantity, size, area and the distribution etc. of single quenching unit, formed different
The discrete type high energy beam laser quenching hardened layer of pattern, different spacing.
5. the method as described in one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that impewdance matching and high energy beam surface phase transformation quenching process
In can assist application magnetic field, electric field, ultrasonic wave, microwave, one or more of infra-red radiation energy source, high energy beam to be selected from
Laser beam, electron beam, ion beam, plasma and electric arc.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step S1, induction heating technology is Frequency Induction Heating, height
One or more of frequency sensing heating, line-frequency induction heating, electromagnetic induction heating.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the metal and alloy components material are selected from carbon steel, bearing
Steel, work mould steel, steel alloy.
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| CN110006371A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-07-12 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of laser quenching quality testing analysis method based on image recognition |
| CN114250343A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江欧迪恩传动科技股份有限公司 | Production, calculation, heating and verification method for reducing strength difference of mandrel |
| CN114774638A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-22 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Thread surface quenching method for steel part made of high-nickel alloy structural steel |
| CN116065001A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-05-05 | 浙江工业大学 | Device and method for preparing and regulating strengthening and toughening complex phase structure on surface of medium-high carbon steel |
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