WO2008048133A1

WO2008048133A1 - Controllable motion converter (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2008048133A1
Application number: PCT/RU2006/000541
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andrey Yuryevich Timokhin
Original assignee: Timokin Andrey Yuryevich
Priority date: 2006-10-20
Filing date: 2006-10-20
Publication date: 2008-04-24
Also published as: CN101506545A; WO2008048133A8; JP2010507058A

Abstract

The inventive motion converter is used for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and comprises at least two eccentrics, which are placed one inside the another and have different diameters. The small eccentric is rigidly fastened to a shaft of rotation and is used as the axis of the large eccentric. Said large eccentric is pivotally connected to a slider block. The converter comprises a controllable arrester which is embodied in such a way that, being activated, it locks a reciprocating motion drive but enables the shaft to be rotatable. The second embodiment differs from the first variant in that the converter comprises an eccentric, the axis of which is used as the crankshaft pin and which is offset at the eccentricity size of the eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft. The eccentric is pivotally connected to a slider block.

Description

CONTROLLED MOTION CONVERTER (OPTIONS)

The invention relates to mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and vice versa, and can be used in piston engines, reciprocating pumps and compressors.

The classical scheme of the mechanism for converting translational motion into rotational motion in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is described by A.V. Kuznetsov monograph "The design and operation of internal combustion engines: a training manual for technical schools." M .: Higher school, 1979, on page 40 [1] and is illustrated in figure 1, which shows a drawing of a crank mechanism of an internal combustion engine. In figure 1, the numbers denote: 101 - the crankshaft (crank); 102 - connecting rod; 103 - slider; 100 - rack. For a better understanding of the technical solution described below, it should be noted that in the above link, the upper part of the slider 103 also acts as a piston, compressing the working mixture in the cylinder formed by the strut 100 during the rotation of the rotary motion into translational motion and transmitting the explosion energy of the working mixture to the conversion mechanism translational motion into rotational.

Also known are some designs of rod-free mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and vice versa, various versions of which are described and analyzed, in particular, in the monograph of Balandin CC. “Chestless piston internal combustion engines”, M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1968, p. 14 [2]. The practical design was copyrighted USSR certificate Ns 118471 [3], which describes a rodless mechanism containing a crankshaft, two support journals of which are located in the bearings of the cranks, and rod necks are located in the bearings of the sliders. Original technical solutions for the design of piston rodless mechanisms are described in US Pat. 4,559,838 [4] and No. 6,631,671 [5].

There is also a technical solution proposed in USSR author's certificate Ns 1573271 [6], which describes a transmission mechanism containing two eccentrics, one of which is located inside the other, and one of the eccentrics is pivotally mounted in the housing. An interesting analog design is mentioned in [2] on page 15, which describes a rodless mechanism containing twin eccentrics and a crankshaft.

The fundamental disadvantage of the known rodless mechanisms for converting reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa is the constructive inability to control the conversion to stop, change the direction of movement of the parts of the mechanism, etc., while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, for example, due to other drives. The elimination of this drawback would provide the possibility of blocking individual mechanisms driven by one shaft or leading one shaft, which greatly expands the scope of the mechanism.

Closest to the claimed invention is the solution described in RF patent Ns 2212552 [7], which proposed a modular design of a rodless motor with a star-shaped arrangement of cylinders. Each module consists of two crankcase cylinders fastened with tie bolts. In the cylinders there are two pairs of pistons connected by rods, which are installed in pairs perpendicular to each other. On the cylinders are secured with coupling clamps of the cover for the valve-type gas distribution systems. Each pair of pistons associated with the rods, made as a whole, in the form of a rod-piston. Rolling bearings of the crankshaft are installed in the crankcase-cylinders and interact with their movable clips with a counterweight of the power mechanism made of two parts. A pair of eccentrics with multidirectional eccentricity and counterweights to them are placed on the rod neck of the crankshaft on sliding bearings. The eccentrics are located in the holes framed by the hub in the middle of the piston rods. The guide for the piston rods are the inner surfaces of the middle part of the crankcase. The listed components form an engine module, and the engine can be equipped with one or more modules. The engine is equipped with a gearbox, which is placed in a sectional control housing for gas distribution systems and kinematically connected with them.

Thus, this technical solution provides for the control of motion converters by adding or removing individual blocks of a multi-cylinder engine (as a modular designer) to achieve the required engine power. But such a procedure is possible only in the workshop, requires special equipment and the participation of qualified specialists, which makes the design very inconvenient for practical use, for example, in a car.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to, using the well-known principles of designing motion converters, develop a design controlled mechanism, i.e. mechanism capable, in particular, to stop the conversion or change the direction of movement of the parts while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, for example, due to other drives. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the rodless mechanism based on eccentrics (option A) or eccentrics and a crank shaft (option B) is equipped with a device that provides transmission of movement between the elements of rotational and translational motion, and a device capable of blocking back in one operation mode - progressive movement (in particular, to fix the slider in a fixed position) while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, in the second mode of operation - to provide the above gear zheniya.

The invention consists in the following. In option A, a controlled motion transducer, i.e., a mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and vice versa, includes at least two eccentrics placed in one another of different diameters and of the same eccentricity, the small eccentric being rigidly fixed on the shaft of rotation and serves as the axis of a large eccentric pivotally connected to a slider capable of reciprocating movements along the guides, which, in turn, is connected with the piston rod, as well as an insertable locking device configured to fix the reciprocating drive when activated, in the particular case by fixing the slide with a mechanical pin-valve or core of the solenoid, while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft. In the variant B, the controlled motion transducer, i.e., the mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa, includes an eccentric, the axis of rotation of which is the crank of the crank shaft, offset relative to the axis of rotation of the crank shaft by the amount of eccentricity of the eccentric, moreover connected to a slider capable of reciprocating movements along the guides, which, in turn, is connected with the piston rod, and a controlled locking device, made f with the possibility, when activated, to fix the reciprocating drive, in a particular case, by fixing the slide with a mechanical pin-valve or the core of the solenoid, while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft.

In the considered embodiments of the invention, the slider and the piston are presented as separate elements connected by the rod 6, however, there are no obstacles for combining them into a single unit that eliminates the rod 6. In addition, in both versions of the controllable converter to reduce friction forces and accordingly increase the coefficient useful in the interaction of parts can be applied additional elements, for example, bearings, replacing sliding friction by rolling friction, including in the interaction slide with the guide.

It is significant that the shaft used for option A of the controlled converter is technologically easy to make hollow due to the absence of cranks, which can be useful to simplify the design, to pass coolant through the shaft in order to reduce temperature loads, or, for example, to pass an alternative drive through the hollow shaft . Further, the invention is illustrated with the use of graphic materials. For option A in figures 2 to 4, the numbers indicate:

1 - slider; 2 - guides;

3 - large eccentric;

4 - small eccentric;

5 - shaft;

6 - stock; 7 - a piston;

11 - a mechanical element that disables the drive of the reciprocating movement, in the particular case - by fixing the slider. Eccentrics 3 and 4 have the same eccentricity, which is indicated by the letter E in figure 2. The controlled motion transducer according to option A (see figure 2) includes a slider 1 capable of reciprocating movements along the guides 2 and having a hinge joint with the eccentric 3 The axis of rotation of the eccentric 3 is the eccentric 4 pivotally connected to it. The eccentrics 3 and 4 have the same size, but multidirectional, eccentricity E. The eccentric 4 is rigidly fixed to the shaft 5.

For option B in figures 5 to 7, the numbers indicate:

1 - slider;

2 - guides; 6 - stock;

7 - a piston;

8 - spike of the crank shaft;

9 - crank shaft; 10 - clown;

11 - a mechanical element that disables the drive of the reciprocating movement, in the particular case - by fixing the slider. The controlled motion converter according to option B (see figure 5) includes a slider 1 capable of reciprocating movements along the guides 2 and having a hinge connection with the eccentric 10. The axis of rotation of the eccentric 10 is the spike 8 of the crank shaft 9, offset relative to the axis of rotation the crank shaft by an amount E equal to the eccentricity of the eccentric 10.

Both of the above options differ from the prototype in that they contain a controlled locking device 11, configured to fix the reciprocating drive in one operating mode, in the particular case by fixing the slide, (see figures 3 and 6) while maintaining the shaft rotation, in the second mode of operation, do not affect the functioning of the slider and, accordingly, the movement transformation (see figure 2 and figure 5). As an example, in figures 2 to 11, the mechanism is shown in a vertical position with the opposed arrangement of the pistons 7 on the rods 6, but the mechanism, in particular, is possible in a horizontal position and with one piston.

A characteristic design feature of the controlled motion transducer in both cases is the presence of a device designed to disable / enable motion conversion by a mechanism while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft due to other drives, mainly of a similar design. At the same time, the fixing device, and in this example this device, fixing the slider in a fixed position, can work due to the interaction of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, magnetic elements or their combinations, and have a manual, semi-automatic or automatic control system, i.e. . drive unit.

As one of the possible embodiments of such a device, figures 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 show a mechanical element 11 capable of fixing the slider in a fixed position. The figure 2 shows a controllable converter made in variant A with two eccentrics 3 and 4, while a front view with a cut in the center is given. In figure 2, the element 11 does not fix the slider 1, and he is able to make reciprocating movements along the guides 2. Figure 4 shows a side view of the mechanism according to option A with a cut in the center, while the shaft 5 and the eccentric 4 are conventionally shown without a cut.

Figure 3 also shows option A of a controlled motion transducer with two eccentrics 3 and 4 (front view with a cut in the center), but element 11 in this case fixes the slider 1 in a fixed position, however, shaft 5 retains the ability to perform rotational movements due to other drives .

The controlled motion transducer shown in figures 2-4, works as follows. When converting the reciprocating motion into a rotational reciprocating motion of the slider 1, the eccentric 3 informs the rotational movement, the eccentric 3, rotating around the eccentric 4, transfers the rotational movement of the opposite directions. In turn, the eccentric 4 transmits a rotational movement to the shaft 5.

When converting the rotational motion to the reciprocating rotational motion of the shaft 5 associated with the eccentric 4, transmits the eccentric 3 a rotational movement opposite to the rotation of the direction shaft 5. The rotation of the eccentric 3 relative to the eccentric 4 gives the slider 1 a reciprocating motion.

As an example, the controlled locking device 11 is configured to, when activated, lock the reciprocating drive by fixing the slider 1. As shown in figure 3, the slider is not able to make reciprocating movements. When this shaft 5 can rotate in a swivel between the eccentric 3 and the slider 1 due to external drives.

A controlled locking device, which is shown as a mechanical element 11 in figure 3 (option A) as an example, is capable of fixing the reciprocating drive, in the particular case by fixing the slide, while maintaining the possibility of rotation of the shaft when the axis of rotation of the shaft coincides with the geometric axis of the large eccentric 3.

As shown in figure 3 (option A), the slider is not able to make reciprocating movements. When this shaft 5 can rotate in a swivel between the eccentric 3 and the slider 1 due to external drives.

Thus, the drive of the reciprocating motion can be turned off in a controlled motion converter according to embodiment A. To enable the reciprocating drive, it is necessary that the mechanical element 11 ceases to fix the slider 1, i.e. took a position that does not impede the movement of the slider (see mechanical element 11 in figure 2). In addition, the slider 1 must be notified of the progressive movement, removing it from a static state. Such movement can be reported to the slider due to the action, for example, gravity (when it is upright), an external drive, for example, using a pusher, additionally imposed on the mechanical parts of the constraint type, for example, by including parts capable of allowing the rotation of large the eccentric and the shaft only in mutually opposite directions and, thus, including the drive of the reciprocating motion when the shaft rotational movement. Turning on the reciprocating drive, as well as turning it off, should occur when the axis of rotation of the shaft coincides with the geometric axis of the large eccentric 3 (for example, see figure 3).

An example of the inclusion in the design of the converter of parts capable of allowing the rotation of a large eccentric and shaft only in mutually opposite directions with an unsecured reciprocating drive for option A of the controlled converter can be the structure depicted in figures 8, 9, 10 and 11, which is one of the many possible embodiments of the invention. In figures 8 to 11, the numbers indicate:

1 - slider (not shown in figures 8, 9);

2 - guides (not shown in figures 10, 11); 3 - large eccentric;

4 - small eccentric;

5 - shaft;

6 - stock; 7 - a piston;

11 - a mechanical element capable of fixing the slider (it is not shown in figures 10 and 11);

12 - spike, rigidly fixed to the axis of symmetry of the small eccentric 4; 13 - restrictive plate;

14 - fasteners restrictive plate.

In this case, Figures 8, 9 show a front view with a cut in the center, and in Figures 10, 11 a side view with a cut in the center, and shaft 5 and cam 4 are conventionally shown without a cut for a better understanding of the structure.

The restriction plate 13, which is fixed to the slider by means of the fastening elements 14, can occupy two positions. In the position of the plate, shown in figure 10, it is capable of driving the shaft 5 by acting on the spike 12 to reciprocate the slider 1 with the locking element 11 turned off and, thereby, tell the large eccentric the rotation of the opposite shaft rotation directions by turning on the reciprocating drive. The restriction plate 13, thus, can allow the rotation of the large eccentric and the shaft only in mutually opposite directions when the reciprocating drive is not locked. The figure 11 shows the restriction plate 13, in a position that does not limit the movement of the eccentric 4 through the spike 12, and allows the rotation of the eccentric 4 when the slider 1 is stationary, which can be stopped by the locking element 11. Thus, the reciprocating drive is turned off.

The figure 5 shows a variant In the implementation of a controlled motion converter with an eccentric 10, the axis of rotation of which is the spike 8 of the crank shaft 9 (front view with a cut in the center).

In figure 5, the element 11 does not fix the slider 1, and he is able to make reciprocating movements along the guides.

The spike 8 of the crank shaft 9 is offset relative to the axis of rotation of the crank shaft by an amount E equal to the eccentricity of the eccentric 10.

The figure 7 shows a side view of the mechanism according to option B with a cut in the center, while the spike of the crank shaft 8 and the crank shaft 9 are conventionally shown without a cut).

Figure 6 also shows a variant B of a controlled motion converter with an eccentric 10, the axis of rotation of which is the spike 8 of the crank shaft 9 (front view with a cut in the center), but the element 11 in this case fixes the slider 1 in a fixed position, however, the crank shaft 9 retains ability to make rotational movements due to other drives.

The controlled motion Converter shown in figures 5 to 7, operates as follows.

When converting the reciprocating motion into a rotational, reciprocating motion of the slider 1 informs the eccentric 10 of the rotational movement, the eccentric 10, rotating around stud 8 of the crank shaft 9, transmits to him the rotational movement of the opposite direction.

When converting the rotational motion to the reciprocating, rotational motion of the crank shaft 9 with the spike 8 transmits the eccentric 10 to the rotational motion of the direction opposite to the rotation of the shaft 9. The rotation of the eccentric 10 relative to the spike 8 gives the slider 1 reciprocating motion.

As an example, the controlled locking device 11 is configured to, when activated, lock the reciprocating drive by fixing the slider 1. As shown in figure 6, the slider is not able to make reciprocating movements. In this case, the shaft 9 can rotate in a swivel between the eccentric 10 and the slider 1 due to external drives.

Thus, the drive of the reciprocating motion can be turned off in a controlled motion converter according to embodiment B.

To enable the reciprocating drive, it is necessary that the mechanical element 11 ceases to fix the slider 1, i.e. took a position that does not interfere with the movement of the slider

(see mechanical element 11 in figure 5). In addition, the slider 1 must be notified of the progressive movement, removing it from a static state. Such movement can be reported to the slider due to, for example, gravity when it is in vertical position, an external drive, additionally imposed on the details of the controlled motion transducer mechanical constraints such as restrictions, for example, by including ^' in the design of the transducer parts capable of allowing the rotation of the large eccentric and the shaft only in mutually opposite directions and, thus, including a reciprocating drive when the shaft is rotationally moved. Turning on the reciprocating drive as well as turning it off should occur when the axis of rotation of the crank shaft 9 coincides with the geometric axis of the clown 10 (for example, see figure 6).

For option B, an example of the inclusion in the design of the converter of parts capable of allowing the rotation of the large eccentric and the shaft only in mutually opposite directions with an unsecured reciprocating drive can serve as a design similar to that described above for option A and shown in figures 8, 9, 10 and 11. As can be seen from the above description, the inventive controlled motion converter can be manufactured on an existing production base.

A fundamentally new element that distinguishes the claimed design from analogues and prototype is the ability to control the conversion of motion to stop or change the direction of movement of the parts of the mechanism while maintaining the ability of the shaft to rotate, for example, due to other drives. That makes it possible, for example, to lock and connect individual mechanisms driven by a single shaft or leading a single shaft. The drive, i.e. the control system of the locking device of the converter, can be manual, semi-automatic and automatic, built, for example, using microprocessor technologies. It seems appropriate when using a controlled motion converter, for example in a piston engine, so that the motion converter control device has control logically interconnected with the operation of other systems of the piston engine or vehicle in which the engine is installed as a drive.

At the same time, a technical diagnostic system can be built into the controlled motion transducer to detect and localize defects in mechanism parts, to predict possible deviations in their operating modes or conditions. It is preferable to design a diagnostic system using microprocessor technologies and measuring transducers, i.e., sensors, of various nature.

At the same time, there are no obstacles to the organization of control and diagnostics, both of the motion transducer and the piston engine, through a telecommunication system using information technology.

As noted in [2], the constructed rodless motors compared to similar crank engines of equal power have several times smaller dimensions, "therefore, it is possible, using the claimed invention, to create an engine by minimizing one of its three dimensions: or height, or length or width. Thus, it is possible to create, for example, a flat engine, which could be placed, for example, under the bottom of the car. We also note that the controlled motion converter of the claimed design can be applied, for example:

- In piston engines, by disabling and enabling motion conversion, individual mechanisms can be changed the number of working pistons, thereby changing other characteristics of the engine, for example, its power. Thus, it becomes possible to create unified engines for various classes of vehicles. - In piston pumps and compressors for changing performance when operating from a single rotation drive, i.e. from a single engine.

- In woodworking and metalworking machines, in order to be able to turn off individual cutting tools while maintaining the rotation of the drive shaft in order to change the processing method of the workpiece, for example, to drive cutters in plywood machines, to drive sawmills, to drive mortising machines.

- In agricultural equipment as a disconnectable drive of working bodies of mechanisms. For example, in a feed briquetter, this mechanism can be used to drive the stamp of briquette chambers.

- In the equipment of the textile industry to drive the mechanisms of material formation, for example, to turn off the looms of the loom that are not used in the work.

- To drive the working bodies of machines used in mining, for example, to drive a bar in cutting machines.

- In hydraulic and pneumatic drives of machines, hydraulic and pneumatic engines, in energy conversion devices, for example, for removing power from the pistons of a machine that converts the energy of a fluid flow into the mechanical energy of a driven unit such as a shaft or rod. - In the forging industry for the drive of the working bodies of machines, for example, for drives of dies of a crank press, with the possibility of disconnecting individual drives.

The above examples of the implementation of the claimed invention are given by way of illustration, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that protection is also claimed for other embodiments providing for the addition or replacement of individual elements of the mechanism, insofar as such protection does not exceed the scope of the invention in the claims , in the description and drawings.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A motion converter from reciprocating to rotary and vice versa, comprising at least two eccentrics placed in different diameters and of the same eccentricity, the small eccentric rigidly mounted on the rotation shaft and serving as the axis of the large eccentric, pivotally connected to the slider, characterized in that it further comprises a controllable locking device configured to lock the reciprocating drive when activated maintaining the possibility of rotation at the shaft.

2. The motion converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the controllable locking device is made in the form of a mechanical lock of the pin-bolt type.

3. The motion converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the controllable locking device is made in the form of a solenoid with a core acting as a gate valve.

4. The motion converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains parts with guides in the form of supporting surfaces that are mounted with the possibility, interacting with the mating surface of at least one eccentric, to allow the eccentrics to rotate only in opposite directions with an unsecured drive back translational motion.

5. A motion converter from reciprocating to rotary and vice versa, including an eccentric, the axis of rotation of which is the crank of the crank shaft, offset from the axis of rotation of the crank shaft by an eccentricity of the eccentric, wherein the eccentric is pivotally connected to the slider, characterized in that it further comprises a controlled locking device configured to lock the reciprocating drive when it is activated while maintaining rotation on the shaft.

6. The motion converter according to claim 5, characterized in that the controllable locking device is made in the form of a mechanical lock of the pin-bolt type.

7. The motion converter according to claim 5, characterized in that the controllable locking device is made in the form of a solenoid with a core acting as a valve.

8. The motion converter is either according to claim 1, or according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises an external drive of the pusher type, which is mounted with the possibility of moving the slider out of its static position when the drive is reciprocated.