Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
  • C07F9/305—Poly(thio)phosphinic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
  • C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
  • C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
  • C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
  • C07F9/48—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof
  • C07F9/4808—Phosphonous acids [RP(OH)2] including [RHP(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphonous acids including [RP(SH)2], [RHP(=S)(SH)]; Derivatives thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or structure which is considered as characteristic
  • C07F9/485—Polyphosphonous acids or derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
  • C08G18/3878—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having phosphorus
  • C08G18/388—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having phosphorus having phosphorus bound to carbon and/or to hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
  • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
  • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
  • C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/06—Organic materials
  • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
  • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
  • Y10T442/2672—Phosphorus containing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3976—Including strand which is stated to have specific attributes [e.g., heat or fire resistance, chemical or solvent resistance, high absorption for aqueous composition, water solubility, heat shrinkability, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to ethylenediphosphinic acids, a process for their preparation and their use.
• Ethylenediphosphinic acids are basically known in the art.
• DE-A-199 12 920 and WO-AO 157 050 describe phosphine acids of the type HP (O) (OXHCH 2 CH 2 -P (O) (OX) I n H where X is H, metal or an alkyl group and n is greater as 1.
• HP (O) (OXHCH 2 CH 2 -P (O) (OX) I n H where X is H, metal or an alkyl group and n is greater as 1.
• These phosphinic acids are oligomeric or polymeric and are prepared by processes that produce telomeres, but do not allow access to phosphine acids of specific chain length.
• the invention thus provides ethylenediphosphinic acids and their salts of the general formula (I)
• R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6 are identical or different and are independently H, -C 2 -alkyl, C 6 -C 2 o-aryl and / or C 6 -C 2 o Aralkyl and XH, an alkali metal, a second main and subordinate group element, a third main and subordinate group element, a fourth main and subordinate group element, a fifth main and subordinate group element, a sixth subgroup element Mean element of the seventh subgroup, an element of the eighth subgroup and / or a nitrogen base.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are the same or different and are independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl , n-pentyl and / or phenyl.
• A is H and X is Li, Na, K; Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr; AI, Ce, La; Ge, Sn, Pb, Ti, Zr; Sb, Bi; Cr, Mo, W; Mn; Fe, Co or Ni.
• a and H are H, Na, Al, Zn, Ca, Mg, Ti or melamine.
• the invention also relates to a process (1) for the production of
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are identical or different and independently of one another H, C-C 2 o-alkyl, C 6 -C 2 o-aryl and / or C 6 -C 2 o-aralkyl and
• X is H or alkali metal, characterized in that a) a monophosphinic acid adduct of the formula (II)
• AP (O) (OX) -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 -P (O) (OX) -A is separated from by-products.
• the invention also relates to a process (2) for the preparation of ethylenebis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic) salts or ethylenediphosphinic acid salts of the AP (O) (OX) -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 -P (O) type ( OX) -A, wherein A, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the same meaning as in claim 1 and X is an alkali metal
• I 1 which is a compound of an alkali metal
• a second main and subordinate group element a third main and subordinate group element, a fourth main and subordinate group element, a fifth
• the invention also relates to a process (3) for the preparation of ethylenebis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic) salts or ethylenediphosphinic acid salts of the type
• the reactants II are preferably borates, carbonates, hydroxocarbonates, hydroxocarbonate hydrates, mixed hydroxocarbonates, mixed hydroxocarbonate hydrates, phosphates, sulfates, sulfate hydrates, hydroxosulfate hydrates, mixed hydroxosulfate hydrates, oxysulfates, acetates, nitrates, fluorides, fluoride hydrates, chloride, chloride hydrates, oxychlorides, bromides, iodides, iodide hydrates, carboxylic acid derivatives and / or alkoxides.
• the invention also relates to a process (4) for the preparation of ethylenediphosphinic acid salts of the type
• Subgroup an element of the third main and subgroup, an element of the fourth main and subgroup, an element of the fifth main and subgroup, a sixth subgroup element, a seventh subgroup element, an eighth subgroup element, and / or one Nitrogen base, characterized in that an ethylene-bis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic) of the type
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 have the same meaning as in Claim 1 and A CR 5 R 6 -OH and XH, an alkali metal, a second main and minor group element, a third major and minor group element, a fourth major and minor group element, an element of the fifth main group and subgroup, a sixth subgroup element, a seventh subgroup element, an eighth subgroup element, and / or a nitrogen base.
• protic acid is mineral acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,
• Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid
• carboxylic acids formic acid, acetic acid, polymeric carboxylic acid
• sulfonic acids Phosphoric acids
• phosphonic acids organically crosslinked carboxylic, sulfonic, phosphonic acids or mixtures thereof.
• the invention also relates to the use of Ethylenediphosphin Acid according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 as a flame retardant, especially flame retardants for clearcoats and Intumeszenzbe harshungen, flame retardants for wood and other cellulose-containing products, as a reactive and / or non-reactive flame retardant for polymers, for the production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and / or for the flame-retardant finishing of polyester and cellulose pure and mixed fabrics by impregnation.
• a flame retardant especially flame retardants for clearcoats and Intumeszenzbe harshness, flame retardants for wood and other cellulose-containing products, as a reactive and / or non-reactive flame retardant for polymers, for the production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and / or for the flame-retardant finishing of polyester and cellulose pure and
• the use of the ethylenediphosphinic acid of the invention and / or its salt as a binder is e.g. for foundry masses, molding sand.
• ethylenediphosphinic acid according to the invention Preference is given to the use of the ethylenediphosphinic acid according to the invention and / or its salt as crosslinker or accelerator in the curing of epoxy resins, polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester resins.
• polymer stabilizers e.g. as sunscreen stabilizer, radical scavengers and / or heat stabilizers for cotton fabrics, polymer fibers, plastics.
• ethylenediphosphinic acid of the invention and / or its salt as a crop protection agent, e.g. as a plant growth regulator, as a herbicide, pesticide or fungicide.
• ethylenediphosphinic acid and / or its salt as a therapeutic or additive in terapeutics for humans and animals, e.g. as an enzyme modulator or to stimulate tissue growth.
• ethylenediphosphinic acid according to the invention Preference is given to the use of the ethylenediphosphinic acid according to the invention and / or its salt as aldehyde scavenger. It has surprisingly been found that the ethylenediphosphinic acids according to the invention can be used to reduce the release of aldehyde.
• Preferred aldehydes are formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
• Preferred use find formaldehyde scavengers in adhesives, moldings, e.g. in construction applications, automotive, ship, aerospace and electrical engineering etc.
• the invention also relates to a flame-retardant thermoplastic polymer molding composition
• a flame-retardant thermoplastic polymer molding composition comprising 0.5 to 45% by weight of ethylenediphosphinic acid according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 and 0.5 to 99.5% by weight of thermoplastic polymer or mixtures thereof, the sum of the components 100 wt .-% is.
• the invention also relates to a flame-retardant thermosetting composition
• a flame-retardant thermosetting composition comprising 0.1 to 45% by weight of ethylenediphosphinic acid according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, 40 to 89.9% by weight of unsaturated polyesters and 10 to 60% by weight of vinyl monomer, wherein the sum of the components is 100 wt .-%.
• the invention also relates to a flame-retardant epoxy resin containing 0.5 to 50% by weight of ethylenediphosphinic acid according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, 5 to 99.5% by weight of an epoxy resin and 0 to 20% by weight of a curing agent wherein the sum of the components is 100% by weight.
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred ethylenediphosphinic acids also correspond to the formula
• Preferred nitrogen bases are ammonium, substituted ammonium, ethylenediamine, hydroxylamine, urea, N-alicyclic compounds such as pyrrolidine, piperidine, imidazolidine, piperazine, N-aromatic compounds such as heteroaromatic ring compounds such as pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazine, substituted urea derivatives, substituted urea derivatives (eg
• Preferred alkali metals are sodium, potassium.
• the reaction of the monophosphinic adduct according to process (1) with acetylene takes place a) in the presence of a solvent and a free-radical initiator, b) by introducing monophosphinic acid adduct and solvent and acetylene and initiator (optionally in a solvent) being metered in separately, c) by adding monophosphinic adduct , Acetylene and solvent, and initiator (optionally in a solvent) is metered in, d) by introducing monophosphinic adduct, solvent and initiator and adding acetylene (optionally in a solvent), e) by introducing monophosphinic acid adduct, acetylene, solvent and initiator ,
• the separation of the product according to process (1) by a) is a solid-liquid separation (e.g., by filtration, centrifugation, settling) b) a liquid-liquid separation (e.g., extraction, etc.)
• Preferred adducts according to process (1) are those with aldehydes and / or ketones.
• Preferred aldehydes according to process (1) are aliphatic aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, capronaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, propargylaldehyde) and / or aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p-tolualdehyde, anisaldehyde or salicylaldehyde, vaniline).
• ketones according to process (1) are aliphatic ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, chloroacetone, methyl vinyl ketone, mesityl oxide, phorone or aromatic ketones (acetophenone, benzophenone).
• Preferred aldehydes are aliphatic aldehyde carboxylic acids (glyoxylic acid).
• ketones are aliphatic ketocarboxylic acids (pyruvic acid, acetoacetic acid, levulinic acid).
• Preferred aldehydes are aliphatic hydroxyaldehydes (glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde).
• Preferred aldehydes are aliphatic hydroxy ketones (acetol, acetoin, dihydroxyacetone).
• Preferred aldehydes are aliphatic dialdehydes (glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succinic dialdehyde).
• ketoaldehydes methylglyoxal
• ketones are diketones (diacetyl, acetylacetone, acetonylacetone).
• peroxo compounds such as peroxomonosulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxomonosulfate), caroate / TM, oxo-ne TM, peroxodisulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxodisulfate), sodium persulfate (sodium peroxodisulfate), ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxodisulfate).
• peroxo compounds such as peroxomonosulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxomonosulfate), caroate / TM, oxo-ne TM, peroxodisulfuric acid, potassium persulfate (potassium peroxodisulfate), sodium persulfate (sodium peroxodisulfate), ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxodisulfate).
• Particularly preferred compounds which may form in the solvent system peroxides such as sodium peroxide, Natriumperoxidediperoxohydrat, Natriumperoxiddiperoxohydrathydrat, Natriumperoxidedihydrat, Natriumperoxidoctahydrat, lithium, Lithiumperoxidmonoperoxohydrattrihydrat, calcium peroxide, strontium peroxide, barium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, zinc peroxide, potassium hyperoxide, Kaliumperoxiddiperoxohydrat, Natriumperoxoboratetetrahydrat, Natriumperoxoborattrihydrat, Natriumperoxoboratmonohydrat, anhydrous sodium are peroxoborate, Potassium peroxoborate peroxohydrate, magnesium peroxoborate, calcium peroxoborate, barium peroxoborate, strontium peroxoborate,
• Potassium peroxoborate peroxomonophosphoric acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid, potassium peroxodiphosphate, ammonium peroxodiphosphate,
• Potassium ammonium peroxodiphosphate double salt
• sodium carbonate peroxohydrate urea peroxohydrate
• ammonium oxalate peroxide barium peroxide peroxohydrate
• barium peroxide peroxohydrate barium peroxide peroxohydrate
• calcium hydrogen peroxide calcium hydrogen peroxide
• hydrogen peroxide performic acid, peracetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, decanoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, pinene hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, acetylacetone peroxide,
• Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide succinic acid peroxide, dicetyl peroxydicarbonate, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxymaleic acid, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, acetylcyclohexylsulfonyl peroxide.
• Water-soluble azo compounds are preferably used as free-radical initiators.
• azo initiators such as 2-t-butylazo-2-cyanopropane, dimethylazodiisobutyrate, azodiisobutyronitrile, 2-t-butylazo-1-cyanocyclohexane, it-amylazo-i cyanocylohexane.
• alkyl perketals such as 2,2-bis (t-butylperoxy) butane, ethyl 3,3-bis (t-butylperoxy) butyrate, 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane.
• azo initiators such as ®VAZO 52, ®VAZO 64 (AIBN), ®VAZO 67, ®VAZO 88, ®VAZO 44, ®VAZO 56, ®VAZO 68 from Dupont-Biesteritz, V-70 2.2 1 - Azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile), V-65 2,2 I azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) V-601 dimethyl 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate), V-59 2 , 2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), V-40, VF-096 1.i '-azobis-cyclohexane-i-carbonitrile), V-30 1 - [(cyano-1-methylethyl) azo] formamide, VAm -110 2,2'-azobis (N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide), Am-111 2,2'-azobis (N-cyclohexane-
• Solvents according to the invention are preferably water, alcohols, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, iso-octanol, n-tridecanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
• alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, iso-octanol, n-tridecanol, benzy
• glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, etc.
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, etc .
• Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, ethylbenzene, Diethylbenzene, etc .
• Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, etc .
• Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclo
• a ratio of acetylene to monophosphinic adduct of 100 to 1 to 1 to 100, more preferably 5 to 1 to 1 to 5 mol / mol, is preferred according to process (1).
• reaction time of from 0.1 to 100 h, more preferably from 1 to 10 h, is preferred.
• a preferred purification process according to process (1) is a) recrystallization from a solvent according to the invention and
• Preferred ratio of solvent to phosphinic acid of the type HO-CR 5 R 6 -P (O) (OX) -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 -P (O) (OX) -CR 5 R 6 OH for the preferred purification process By method (1), 1,000 to 1 to 4 to 1, more preferably 100 to 1 to 1 to 1
• Preferred temperature for the purification process according to process (1) is 20 to 200 C, more preferably 50 to 150 0 C.
• Preferred pressure for the cleaning process according to method (1) is 10 to 100,000,000 Pa.
• the invention also relates to processes for the preparation of the ethylenebis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic acid) salts and the ethylenediphosphinic acid salts, in which the acids are converted into aluminum salts and the alkali metal salts are converted into aluminum salts.
• reaction of the phosphinic acid according to the invention with component A according to process (2) preferably takes place at a solids content of the salts of phosphinic acids according to the invention of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight.
• the reaction according to method (2) is preferably carried out at a temperature of -20 to +500 0 C, particularly preferably 70 to 160 0 C.
• the ratio of component A to phosphorus (the phosphinic acid according to the invention) according to process (2) is preferably 0.8 to 3 lonene equivalents (mol per charge of cation), more preferably 1 to 2.
• the ratio of solvent to phosphorus (the phosphinic acid according to the invention) according to process (2) is preferably from 2 to 1000 mol / mol, particularly preferably from 4 to 100 mol / mol.
• According to preferred solvent system according to method (2) has a dissociation constant pKa of 10 to 30.
• Component A preferred according to method (2) according to method (2) is a salt of an element of the first main group, preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide carbonate, alkali metal alcoholate, particularly preferably lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium n-propylate, sodium i propylate, sodium n-butylate, sodium i-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium amylate, sodium glycolate.
• an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide carbonate, alkali metal alcoholate particularly preferably lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium n-propylate, sodium i propylate, sodium n-butylate, sodium i-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium amy
• Component A preferred according to process (2) according to the invention is a salt of an element of the first main group, preferably an element of the second main group and subgroup, preferably alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal oxide hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide carbonate, particularly preferably magnesium hydroxide ( ⁇ Magnifin H5, Albermarie), hydrotalcites (Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 * nH 2 O), dihydrotalcite, magnesium carbonates or magnesium calcium carbonates, calcium hydroxide, basic zinc carbonate, zinc hydroxide carbonate, basic zinc carbonate hydrate, zinc hydroxides or mixed zinc oxide hydroxides (standard zinc oxide, eg from Grillo, activated zinc oxide eg from Rheinchemie, zincite, calamine), hydroxystannate,
• Component A preferred according to process (2) according to the invention is a salt of an element of the third main group and subgroup, preferably aluminum hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, aluminum alcoholate, cerium alcoholate,
• preferred component A according to process (2) is a salt of an element of the fourth main group and subgroup, preferably tin hydroxides, lead hydroxides, titanium oxide-hydroxides, zirconium oxide hydroxides, tin alcoholates, titanium alcoholates, zirconium alcoholates.
• Titanium alcoholates preferred in accordance with the present invention. Titanium alkoxides are titanium (IV) n-propoxide ( ⁇ Tilcom NPT, ⁇ Vertec NPT), titanium (IV) n-butoxide, titanium chloride triisopropoxide, titanium (IV) ethoxide, titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexyl oxide ( ⁇ Tilcom EHT, ⁇ Vertetec EHT).
• Tin alcoholate (tin alkoxide) preferred according to the invention is tin (IV) tert-butoxide.
• Zirconium alcoholates preferred in accordance with the invention i. Zirconium alkoxide is zirconium (IV) tert-butoxide.
• preferred component B according to process (3) are borates, carbonates, hydroxocarbonates, hydroxocarbonate hydrates, mixed ones Hydroxocarbonates, mixed hydroxo-carbonate hydrates, phosphates, sulphates, sulphate hydrates, hydroxosulphate hydrates, mixed hydroxosulphate hydrates, oxysulphates, acetates, nitrates, fluorides, fluoride hydrates, chloride, chloride hydrates, oxychlorides, bromides, iodides, iodide hydrates, carboxylic acid derivatives and / or alkoxides of an element of the first Main group, the second main and subgroup - preferably Mg 1 Ca, Zn - the third main and subgroup - preferably Al, Ce, La.
• preferred components B according to process (3) are aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, titanyl sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and / or zinc chloride.
• the reaction is preferably carried out by process (3) in a stirred tank, mixer and / or kneader.
• the reaction according to method (3) with an energy input of 0.083 to 1.65 kW / m3, particularly preferably 0.33 to 1.65 kW / m 3 .
• the salts of phosphinic acids according to the invention are preferably separated off from the reaction mixture by filtration and / or centrifuging according to process (3).
• the salts of phosphinic acids according to the invention are preferred according to process (3) with pressure filter suction, vacuum filter suction, agitator filter suction, pressure-candle filter, axial-leaf filter, circular-leaf filter, centrifugal disc filter, chamber / frame filter presses, automatic chamber filter presses, vacuum drum cell filter , Vacuum Disc Cell Filter, Vacuum Inner Cell Filter, Vacuum Planetary Cell Filter, Rotary Pressure Filter, Vacuum Band Filter Separated.
• the filtration pressure according to method (3) is 0.5 Pa to 6 MPa.
• the filtration temperature according to process (3) is preferably from 0 to 400 ° C.
• the specific filter performance according to method (3) is 10 to 200 kg * h "r ⁇ > 2 .
• the residual moisture of the filter cake according to method (3) is 5 to 60%.
• Preferred salts according to process (3) are ethylenebis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic) or ethylenediphosphinic acid of the present invention with full bowl centrifuges such as overflow centrifuges, peeler centrifuges, chamber centrifuges, screw discharge centrifuges, plate centrifuges, tube centrifuges, sieve centrifuges such as trays and pendulum centrifuges, sieve screw centrifuges, SiebCl centrifuges or thrust centrifuges separated.
• full bowl centrifuges such as overflow centrifuges, peeler centrifuges, chamber centrifuges, screw discharge centrifuges, plate centrifuges, tube centrifuges, sieve centrifuges such as trays and pendulum centrifuges, sieve screw centrifuges, SiebCl centrifuges or thrust centrifuges separated.
• the acceleration ratio according to method (3) is 300 to 15,000.
• the suspension flow rate by method (3) is 2 to 400 m 3 * h-1.
• the solids throughput according to method (3) is 5 to 80 t * h-1,
• the residual moisture of the cake according to method (3) is 5 to 60%.
• the salts of phosphinic acids according to the invention are preferably dried by process (3).
• Aggregates according to the invention for the drying process (3) are dryer chamber, channel dryer, belt dryer (air velocity: 2 - 3 m / s), plate dryer (temperature 20 to 400 0 C) drum dryer (100-250 0 C.
• Hot gas temperature a paddle dryer (from 50 to 300 0 C temperature), flow dryer (10-60 m / s air velocity, 50-300 0 C air temperature), fluidised bed dryer (0,2 - 0,5 m / s air velocity, 50-300 0 C
• Exhaust temperature drum dryer, tube dryer 20 to 200 0 C temperature, paddle dryer, vacuum drying ovens (20 to 300 0 C temperature, from 0.001 to 0.016 MPa pressure) vacuum drum drier (20 to 300 0 C temperature, from 0.004 to 0.014 MPa pressure, vacuum paddle dryer (20 to 300 0 C temperature, 0.003-0.02 MPa pressure), vacuum condenser dryer (20 to 300 0 C temperature, 0.003-0.02 MPa pressure).
• An inventive embodiment of the method (4) is the inventive ethylene-bis (hydroxyalkylphosphinic) of the type HO-CR 5 R 6 -P (O) (OX) -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 -P (O) ( OX) -CR 5 R 6 OH.
• Preferred temperature for the formation process according to process (4) is 20 to 300 ° C., more preferably 50 to 200 ° C.
• Preferred pressure for the formation process according to method (4) is 10 to 100,000,000 Pa.
• Preferred according to process (4) is a ratio of protonic acid to inventive ethylene-bis- (hydroxyalkylphosphinic acid) of the type HO-CR 5 R 6 -P (O) (OX) -CR 1 R 2 -CR 3 R 4 -P (O ) (OX) -CR 5 R 6 OH from 100 to 1 to 1 to 100, more preferably 10 to 1 to 1 to 10 mol / mol.
• the protic acid is removed.
• the removal is preferably carried out by distilling off, extracting and / or crystallizing out.
• Preferred temperature for the separation of the protic acid according to process (4) is 20 to 300 ° C., more preferably 50 to 200 ° C.
• Preferred pressure for the separation of the protic acid according to the method (4) is 10 to 10 8 Pa.
• the heating is carried out in the presence of a solvent.
• Preferred temperature for the removal of the solvent according to process (4) is 20 to 300 ° C., more preferably 50 to 200 ° C.
• Preferred pressure for the separation of the solvent according to the method (4) is 10 to 10 8 Pa.
• the ethylene-bis- (hydroxyalkylphosphinic acid) according to the invention is preferably used for the preparation of the ethylenediphosphonic acid with elimination of the end groups (this is possible as acids / alkali metal salts / Al salts, etc.).
• Phenyl), and / or aralkyl A is CR 1 R 2 OH X is H, alkali metal, Al, Zn, Ca, Mg, Ti, nitrogen base (preferably NH 4 , ethylenediamine, melamine, etc.) for preparing the inventive phosphinic acid and / or its Salt of the type
• Phenyl), and / or aralkyl A is H
• X is H, alkali metal, Al, Zn, Ca, Mg, Ti, nitrogen base (preferably NH 4 , ethylenediamine, melamine, etc.).
• the flameproofed polymer molding composition preferably comprises 0.5 to 45% by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention and / or its salt, 0.5 to 95% by weight of polymer or mixtures thereof of 0.5 to 55% by weight of additives 0.5 to 55 % By weight of filler or reinforcing materials, the sum of the components being 100% by weight.
• the flameproofed polymer molding composition preferably comprises 10 to 40% by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention and / or its salt, 10 to 80% by weight of polymer or mixtures thereof of 2 to 40% by weight of additives 2 to 40% by weight of filler or reinforcing materials wherein the sum of the components is 100% by weight.
• a process for the preparation of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions is characterized in that the phosphinic acid according to the invention and / or its salt are mixed with the polymer granules and any additives and mixed on a twin-screw extruder (ZSK 25 WLE, 14.5 kg / h, 200 U / min, L / D: 4) at temperatures of 170 ° C. (polystyrene), about 270 ° C. (PET, polyethylene terephthalate), 230 ° to 260 ° C. (polybutylene terephthalate, PBT), of 260 ° C. (PA 6 ) or of 260 to 280 0 C (PA 66) is incorporated.
• the homogenized polymer strand is stripped off, cooled in a water bath, then granulated and dried to a residual moisture content of 0.05 to 5%, preferably 0.1 to 1 wt .-%.
• a process for producing a flame-retardant polymer molding composition is characterized in that 1000 parts by weight of dimethyl terephthalate and 720 parts by weight of ethylene glycol and 35 to 700 parts by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention are polymerized.
• the polymerization can be carried out in the presence of zinc acetate.
• the flame-retardant polymer molding composition can be spun into fibers.
• the polymer is a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer.
• the thermoplastic polymers are preferably polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-i, polyisoprene or polybutadiene and also polymers of cycloolefins such as, for example, cyclopentene or norbornene; also polyethylene (which may be optionally crosslinked), eg, high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density polyethylene, and ultrahigh molecular weight (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) 1 Low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene (VLDPE), and blends thereof.
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
• VLDPE branched low density polyethylene
• the thermoplastic polymers are copolymers of mono- and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, e.g. Ethylene-propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and blends thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene-butene-1 copolymers, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-butene-1 copolymers, ethylene-hexene Copolymers, ethylene-methylpentene copolymers, ethylene-heptene copolymers, ethylene-octene copolymers, propylene-butadiene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, and their copolymers with carbon monoxide, or ethylene-acrylic acid copo
• Acrylic acid copolymers LLDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, LLDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers and alternating or randomized polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers and blends thereof with other polymers, e.g. Polyamides.
• the polymers are preferably hydrocarbon resins (eg C 5 -C 9 ) including hydrogenated modifications thereof (eg tackifier resins) and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch.
• the thermoplastic polymers are preferably polystyrene, poly (p-methylstyrene) and / or poly (alpha-methylstyrene).
• the thermoplastic polymers are copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, e.g. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate; Blends of high impact strength from styrene copolymers and another polymer, e.g.
• styrene e.g. Styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene or styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene.
• the thermoplastic polymers are graft copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene, such as e.g. Styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleimide
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably halogen-containing polymers, such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homopolymers and copolymers, in particular polymers from halogen-containing vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, Polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride; and their copolymers, such as vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate.
• halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably polymers which are derived from alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and derivatives thereof, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polymethyl methacrylates which have been modified with butyl acrylate, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles and copolymers of said monomers with one another or with other unsaturated monomers , such as Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-alkoxyalkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile-vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile-alkyl methacrylate-butadiene terpolymers.
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably polymers which are derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, stearate, benzoate, maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate, polyallylmelamine; and their copolymers with olefins.
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably homo- and copolymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or copolymers thereof with bisglycidyl ethers.
• the polymers are thermoplastic polyacetals, such as polyoxymethylene, and those polyoxymethylenes containing comonomers, e.g. Ethylene oxide; Polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.
• thermoplastic polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene, and those polyoxymethylenes containing comonomers, e.g. Ethylene oxide; Polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers or polyamides.
• the thermoplastic polymers are preferably polyurethanes derived from polyethers, polyesters and polybutadienes having terminal hydroxyl groups on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other hand, and precursors thereof.
• the thermoplastic polymers are preferably polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6 ( ⁇ Akulon K122, DSM, ⁇ Zytel 7301, DuPont , Durethan B 29, Bayer), polyamide 6/6 (®Zytel 101, DuPont, ⁇ Durethan A30, ⁇ Durethan AKV, ⁇ Durethan AM, Bayer; ⁇ Ultramid A3, Fa BASF) 6/10 , 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12 ( ⁇ Grillamid L20, from Ems Chemie), aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; Polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic and / or terephthalic acid and optionally an elastomer as modifier, e.g.
• Poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenyleneisophthalamide Block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, e.g. with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol. Further modified with EPDM or ABS polyamides or copolyamides; and during processing condensed polyamides ("RIM polyamide systems").
• the polymers are preferably polyureas, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate ( ⁇ Celanex 2500, Celanex 2002, Celanese, ⁇ Ultradur, BASF ), Poly-1, 4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, and block polyether esters derived from polyethers Derive hydroxyl end groups; also with polycarbonates or MBS modified polyester.
• polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones
• polyethylene terephthalate polybutylene terephthalate ( ⁇ Celanex 2500, Celanex 2002, Celanese, ⁇ Ultradur, BASF )
• Poly-1 4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate
• thermoplastic polymers are preferably polycarbonates and polyestercarbonates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones and polyether ketones.
• the polymers are preferably mixtures (polyblends) of the abovementioned polymers, such as e.g. PP / EPDM, polyamide / EPDM or ABS, PVC / EVA, PVC / ABS, PVC / MBS, PC / ABS, PBTP / ABS, PC / ASA, PC / PBT,
• PVC / CPE PVC / Acrylates
• POM / Thermoplastic PUR POM / Thermoplastic PUR
• PC / Thermoplastic PUR POM / Acrylate
• POM / MBS PPO / HIPS
• PPO / PA 6.6 and Copolymers PA / HDPE, PA / PP, PA / PPO, PBT / PC / ABS or PBT / PET / PC.
• the flame-retardant polymer moldings, films, filaments and fibers preferably comprise from 0.5 to 45% by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention and / or salt thereof, from 0.5 to 95% by weight of thermoplastic polymer or mixtures thereof.
• the flame-retardant polymer moldings, films, filaments and fibers preferably contain 0.5 to 45% by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention and / or salt thereof, 0.5 to 95% by weight of thermoplastic polymer or mixtures thereof of 0.5 to 55 wt .-% additives 0.5 to 55 wt .-% filler or reinforcing materials.
• the invention also relates to a process for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings, characterized in that inventive flame-retardant polymer molding compositions by injection molding (eg injection molding machine (Aarburg Allrounder type) and pressing, foam injection molding, internal gas pressure injection molding, blow molding, film casting, Calendering, laminating or coating at higher temperatures to the flame-retardant polymer molding is processed.
• injection molding eg injection molding machine (Aarburg Allrounder type
• pressing foam injection molding
• internal gas pressure injection molding blow molding
• film casting film casting
• Calendering laminating or coating at higher temperatures to the flame-retardant polymer molding
• Molding compound is processed on a at molding temperatures according to the invention to form polymer moldings.
• preferred melt temperatures are in polystyrene 200 to 250 0 C, for polypropylene between 200 and 300 0 C, in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 250 to 290 0 C, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 230 to 270 0 C, with polyamide 6 (PA 6) 260 to 290 0 C, in polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) 6.6 260 to 290 0 C and in polycarbonate 280 to 320 0 C.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PA 6 polyamide 6
• PA 6.6 polyamide 6.6
• a flame-retardant thermoset composition according to the invention consists of 0.1 to 45% by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention 40 to 90% by weight of unsaturated polyester 10 to 60% by weight of vinyl monomer
• thermoset polymers are preferably unsaturated polyester resins which are more saturated and unsaturated than copolyesters
• U P resins are cured by free-radical polymerization with initiators (e.g., peroxides) and
• Polyesters are maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.
• Preferred saturated dicarboxylic acids are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, adipic acid.
• Preferred diols are 1, 2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol, neopentyl glycol, ethoxylated or propoxylated bisphenol A.
• Preferred vinyl compound for crosslinking is styrene.
• Preferred hardener systems are peroxides and metal co-initiators e.g. Hydroperoxides and cobalt octanoate and / or benzoyl peroxide and aromatic amines and / or UV light and photosensitizers e.g. Benzoin.
• metal co-initiators e.g. Hydroperoxides and cobalt octanoate and / or benzoyl peroxide and aromatic amines and / or UV light and photosensitizers e.g. Benzoin.
• Preferred hydroperoxides are di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyl permalate, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, benzoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, succinyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide or dicyclohexyl peroxide dicarbonate ,
• initiators are used in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, calculated on the mass of all comonomers.
• Preferred metal co-initiators are cobalt, manganese, iron, vanadium, nickel or lead compounds. Preference is given to metal co-initiators in amounts of 0.05 to 1 wt .-% calculated on the mass of all comonomers used.
• Preferred aromatic amines are dimethylaniline, dimethyl-p-toluene, diethylaniline, phenyldiethanolamine.
• a process for preparing flame retarded copolymers is carried out by copolymerizing (A) at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydride derived from at least one C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid, (B) at least one vinyl aromatic compound and (C) polyol, and then (D) with inventive phosphine reacts.
• a process for the preparation of flame-retardant thermosetting compositions is carried out by mixing a thermosetting resin with a flame retardant component of phosphinic acid according to the invention and wet-pressing the resulting mixture at pressures of 3 to 10 bar and temperatures of 20 to 60 ° C. (cold pressing).
• Another process for the preparation of flame-retardant thermosetting compositions is carried out by mixing a thermosetting resin with phosphine acid according to the invention and wet-pressing the resulting mixture at pressures of from 3 to 10 bar and temperatures of from 80 to 150 ° C. (hot or hot pressing).
• the polymers are crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, e.g. Products of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-di-glycidyl ethers, which are crosslinked using conventional hardeners and / or accelerators.
• Glycidyl compounds which can be used according to the invention are bisphenol A diglycidyl esters, bisphenol F diglycidyl esters, polyglycidyl esters of phenol formaldehyde resins and cresol formaldehyde resins, polyglycidyl esters of pthalthalic, isophthalic and terephthalic acids and of trimellitic acid, N-glycidyl compounds of aromatic amines and heterocyclic nitrogen bases and di and polyglycidyl compounds of polyhydric aliphatic alcohols.
• Suitable hardeners are polyamines such as diethylenetriamine triethylenetetramine, aminoethylpiperazine, isophoronediamine, polyamidoamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenolsulfones, dicyandiamide.
• Suitable hardeners are polybasic acids or their anhydrides, e.g. Phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.
• Suitable hardeners are phenols such as phenol novolak resin, cresol novolak resin, dicyclopentadiene-phenol adduct resin, phenol aralkyl resin, cresolar alkyl resin, naphthol aralkyl resin, biphenol-modified phenolaralkyl resin, phenoltrimethylolmethane resin, tetraphenylolethane.
• hardeners can be used alone or in combination with each other.
• Catalysts or accelerators for crosslinking in the polymerization according to the invention are tertiary amines, benzyldimethylamine, N-alkylpyridines, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole , 2-heptadecylimidazole, metal salt of organic acids, Lewis acids and amine complex salts.
• Epoxy resins are suitable for encapsulation of electrical or electronic components and for impregnation and impregnation processes. In electrical engineering, the epoxy resins used are predominantly rendered flame retardant and used for circuit boards and insulators.
• the polymers are preferably crosslinked polymers which are derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, urea or melamine on the other hand, such as phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins.
• the polymers are crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylic acid esters, e.g. of epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.
• the polymers are preferably alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins which are crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.
• a flame-retardant polyurethane molding composition can be prepared by reacting 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention with 30 to 65 parts by weight of polyisocyanate and 30 to 65 parts by weight of polyol.
• a process for producing a flame-retardant polyurethane molding composition is characterized in that 170 to 70 parts by weight, preferably 130 to 80 parts by weight, of polyisocyanates according to the invention with 100 parts by weight of polyol according to the invention, 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of phosphinic acid according to the invention and 0.1 to 4 parts by weight, especially preferably 1 to
• catalyst according to the invention 2 parts by weight are reacted and optionally foamed with 0.1 to 1, 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1, 6 parts by weight of blowing agent.
• Preferred polyols are alkene oxide adducts of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, bisphenol A, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythrol, sorbitol, sugars, degraded starch, ethylenediamine, diaminotoluene and / or aniline, which serve as an initiator.
• the preferred oxyalkylating agents according to the invention preferably contain from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
• polyester polyols are obtained by polycondensation of a polyalcohol such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, methyl pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, diglycerol, glucose and / or sorbitol, with a dibasic acid such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid.
• a polyalcohol such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, methyl pentanediol, 1,6-hexanedio
• Suitable polyisocyanates are aromatic, alicyclic or aliphatic
• aromatic polyisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanates, xylylene diisocyanate, tris / 4-isocyanatophenyl) methane and polymethylene polyphenylene diisocyanates;
• alicyclic polyisocyanates are methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate and
• aliphatic polyisocyanates are hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorene diisocyanate, demeryl diisocyanate, 1, 1-methylenebis (4-isocyanatocyclohexane-4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane isomeric mixture, 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, (R) desmodur types (Bayer)
• Suitable polyisocyanates are modified products obtained by reaction of polyisocyanate with polyol, urea, carbodiimide and / or biuret.
• Suitable catalysts are strong bases, alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids or aliphatic tertiary amines. Preference is given to quaternary ammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxide or alkoxide, sodium or potassium acetate, potassium octoate, sodium benzoate, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, NNN'.N 1 -
• the weight ratio of the polyisocyanate to polyol is preferably 170 to 70, preferably 130 to 80 based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol.
• the weight ratio of the catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 2 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol.
• blowing agents are water, hydrocarbon, chlorofluorohydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, etc.
• the amount of a blowing agent which may be used is 0.1 to 1.8 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 1.6 parts by weight, preferably 0.8 to 1.6 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyol.
• the decomposition temperature is determined by standard thermogravimetric methods. The decomposition temperature is defined as the temperature at which a weight loss of 2% occurs.
• HMEPPS 1-hydroxy-1-methylethylphosphinic acid
• EBHNa di-sodium-ethylene-bis- (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl-phosphinate
• EBHA1 aluminum-ethylene-bis- (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) -phosphinate
• EBHZn zinc ethylene bis (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) phosphinate
• EBHCa calcium ethylene bis (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) phosphinate
• EBHFe iron-ethylene-bis- (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) -phosphinate
• EBPS ethylene bisphosphinic acid
• HP (O) (OH) -CH 2 -CH 2 -P (O) (OH) -H EBPNa disodium ethylene bisphosphinate
• EBPA1 aluminum ethylene bisphosphinate
• Polystyrene Polystyrene 143 E, BASF PA 6.6: ⁇ Ultramid A3, BASF BASF MPP: ⁇ Melapur 200/70, Ciba SC
• Glass fibers 1 VPPG 3540, PPG Industries, Ine Glass fibers 2: ⁇ Vetrotex EC 10983, Saint-Gobain
• Concentrated HPS can be prepared according to the state of the art. Commercially available 50% aqueous hypophosphorous acid is concentrated by evaporation to constant weight on a
• HMEPPS 1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl-phosphinic acid
• Initiator dosing frit for acetylene and nitrogen blanketing HMEPPS and amyl alcohol were submitted and homogenized.
• the reaction mixture was heated.
• the stirring speed was 460 rpm.
• the initiator was metered in as a 10% solution in the appropriate solvent by means of a pump.
• Acetylene was introduced at 5 - 6 l / h.
• the product precipitates during the course of the reaction and is filtered off with suction filter after completion of the reaction and washed twice with acetone.
• the powder was dried in an oven at 120 0 C.
• Typical purity 93.6% ( 31 P-NMR).
• the product is X-ray crystalline.
• the following reflections (CuK a ⁇ Ph a rStrahlung 1, Ang 54056) are observed: ReI.
• Intensity / d value 20.2, 7.78620; 62.9, 5,63264; 100.0, 5.33438; 27.5, 4.91046; 47.2%, 4.49822 Ang.
• the hydroxyl group number is 290 mg KOH / g.
• the product can optionally be digested with ethanol for further purification (25% dispersion).
• the yields in this step are 80-90% and lead to purities of 99.2% ( 31 P-NMR).
• Example 4 From 345 g of 1-hydroxy-1-methylethylphophin yarn are mixed with 6.9 g Wako V65 initiator B during obtained in a total of 803 g of amyl alcohol at 8O 0 C 32h 187 g product.
• Example 5 From 345 g of 1-hydroxy-1-methylethylphophin yarn are mixed with 6.9 g Wako V65 initiator B during obtained in a total of 803 g of amyl alcohol at 8O 0 C 32h 187 g product.
• Example 5 From 345 g of 1-hydroxy-1-methylethylphophin yarn are mixed with 6.9 g Wako V65 initiator B during obtained in a total of 803 g of amyl alcohol at 8O 0 C 32h 187 g product.
• Hydroxy-1-methylethyl) -phosphinaten be 318 g of EBHNa solution with 209 g of aluminum sulfate solution for 2 h at 90 0 C and 750 U / min stirring speed implemented. There are obtained 132 g of solid product. The product is X-ray crystalline. The following reflections (CuK a P ⁇ h a rStrahlung 1, Ang 54056) are observed: ReI. Intensity / d value; 65.6, 11, 03554; 100.0, 10.55511; 30.2, 8.91804; 33.4%, 8.74638Ang. The analysis data is listed in Table 2.
• Bisphosphinates be 202 g of EBPNa solution with 209 g of aluminum sulfate solution for 2 h at 90 0 C and 750 rev / min stirring rate implemented. It will
• Bisphosphinates are reacted 202 g of EBPNa solution with 144 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, which is dissolved in 770 g of demin water, for 1 h at 100 0 C and 1500 rpm stirring speed. There are obtained 95 g of solid product.
• the Product is X-ray crystalline. The following reflections (CuK a ⁇ Ph a rStrahlung 1, Ang 54056) are observed: ReI. Intensity / d value; 39.2, 7,82398; 37.2, 6.52943; 100.0, 3.90381; 63.3%, 3.22809Ang.
• the analysis data is shown in Table 3.
• a mixture of 70% by weight of polystyrene and 30% by weight of calcium hypophosphite is added to a twin-screw extruder 170 0 C compounded to a polymer molding composition. Ignition occurs by decomposition of the flame retardant during processing.
• Example 19 According to the general procedure, a mixture of 70% by weight of polystyrene and 30% by weight of product from Example 12 is compounded on a twin-screw extruder at 170 ° C. to give a polymer molding composition. After drying, the molding materials are processed on an injection molding machine at 200 to 250 0 C to form polymer moldings and a UL-94 classification of VO determined.
• a mixture of 70 wt .-% polystyrene, and 30 wt .-% product of Example 13 is compounded on a twin-screw extruder at 170 0 C to a polymer molding composition. After drying, the molding compositions on an injection molding machine at 200 to 250 0 C to
• a mixture of 70 wt .-% polystyrene, and 30 wt .-% product of Example 14 is compounded on a twin-screw extruder at 170 0 C to a flame-retardant polymer molding composition. After drying, the flame-retardant molding compound is processed on an injection molding machine at 200 to 250 ° C. to give flame-retardant polymer molded articles and a UL-94 classification of VO is determined.
• Example 23 According to the general procedure, a mixture of 70 wt .-% polystyrene, and 30 wt .-% product of Example 15 is compounded on a twin-screw extruder at 170 0 C to a flame-retardant polymer molding composition. After drying, the flame-retardant molding compound is processed on an injection molding machine at 200 to 250 ° C. to give flame-retardant polymer molded articles and a UL-94 classification of VO is determined.
• Example 23 Example 23
• the flame-retardant molding compound is processed on an injection molding machine at 230 to 270 ° C. to form flame-retardant polymer moldings and a UL-94 classification of V-1 is determined.
• Example 25 An adhesive is made from 82% Airflex 920 (Air Products and Chemicals Ine),
• An adhesive is made from 80% Airflex 920 (Air Products and Chemicals Ine), 1% Tego Defoamer (East Falls Corp.), 15% AP 422 (Clariant GmbH), 2% Alcogum 296W (ALCO Chemical) and 2% of the product prepared from Example 11.
• the product is tested as described in Example 25. It is read a formaldehyde concentration of about 10 ppm.
• the adhesive is especially suitable for construction applications.
• Table 5 Flame-retardant polymer molding compounds and flame retardant tests on flameproofed polymer moldings

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