WO2008043258A1 - A handoff access method and device based on random access channel - Google Patents

A handoff access method and device based on random access channel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008043258A1
WO2008043258A1 PCT/CN2007/002779 CN2007002779W WO2008043258A1 WO 2008043258 A1 WO2008043258 A1 WO 2008043258A1 CN 2007002779 W CN2007002779 W CN 2007002779W WO 2008043258 A1 WO2008043258 A1 WO 2008043258A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
handover
random access
base station
mobile terminal
access
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/002779
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhongda Du
Original Assignee
Zte Corporation
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Application filed by Zte Corporation filed Critical Zte Corporation
Priority to EP07816395.3A priority Critical patent/EP2068582B1/en
Priority to MX2009003304A priority patent/MX2009003304A/es
Priority to CA2664633A priority patent/CA2664633C/en
Priority to AU2007306874A priority patent/AU2007306874B2/en
Priority to BRPI0714763-5A priority patent/BRPI0714763B1/pt
Priority to US12/443,149 priority patent/US8229439B2/en
Priority to JP2009529495A priority patent/JP5015254B2/ja
Publication of WO2008043258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008043258A1/zh
Priority to HK09111522.5A priority patent/HK1131710A1/zh
Priority to US13/490,569 priority patent/US8559959B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0058—Transmission of hand-off measurement information, e.g. measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/34—Reselection control
    • H04W36/38—Reselection control by fixed network equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0866—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using a dedicated channel for access

Definitions

  • a cellular wireless communication system is mainly composed of a terminal, a radio access network, and a core network.
  • the terminal needs to transmit a random access message through an uplink common channel before communicating with the network.
  • This common channel is called a random access channel.
  • the main purpose of random access is to obtain occupancy of limited radio channel resources by means of contention, and sometimes to obtain synchronization information in the uplink direction.
  • the uplink synchronization information is used by the terminal to decide when to transmit the uplink signal such that the uplink signal falls within the signal reception time window of the base station receiver.
  • the channel in a cellular radio communication system can be distinguished by various possible multiple access techniques such as code division, frequency division, time division, etc., and the smallest unit of each channel in the time domain is called a frame.
  • the combination of frames or frames used as random access is referred to as a random access slot, and random access slots on the same channel form a random access subchannel in some manner.
  • three frequency points and three channel codes constitute nine channels, for example, a channel composed of a combination of a frequency point of No. 2 and a channel code of No. 2.
  • a random access slot In every 6 frames on this channel, one frame is used as a random access slot, and the interval between random access slots is 5 frames, on which a random access subchannel is formed.
  • a random access subchannel is also configured on the channel composed of the frequency point 1 and the channel number 1, so there are 2 random access subchannels in this cell.
  • the data rate of the message itself is very low, in other words, the information bits that can be included are very limited.
  • a random time slot composed of an asynchronous single frame (1 ms duration) can carry no more than 10 bits of information.
  • the information bits in these random access messages are generally represented by the sequence number of the highly correlated feature code.
  • the radio access network can distinguish random access messages that contain different signatures. Therefore, only two phases are received simultaneously on the same random access slot. A collision occurs only when a random access message with the signature is present.
  • the conflict makes the radio access network unable to distinguish. Separate terminals are identified. That is to say, from the perspective of the radio access network, the effect is similar to that of receiving only one terminal. In this case, an additional conflict resolution mechanism needs to be adopted between the terminal and the radio access network to ensure that one of the terminals successfully accesses. The failed terminal will re-access the wireless network through this kind of competition. Sometimes conflicts can also cause terminal access failures for all conflicts.
  • This initial access procedure from idle state is one reason for the random access procedure. Another important reason is the handover access procedure between base stations.
  • the target cell and the source cell are at different base stations, one possible handover mode is in the handover preparation phase, the target base station has prepared the radio channel resources, and then the source base station is notified that the terminal accesses the radio channel that the target base station has allocated.
  • This method is very effective for systems based on dedicated wireless channel resources, such as GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications); but for shared channel-based wireless communication systems, such as LTE, this switching method increases the complexity of the system and makes The utilization of wireless channel resources is reduced.
  • the source base station needs to know the time difference between the target base station and the target base station at the start of the handover in order to inform the terminal of an appropriate start time to access the target base station. It is very difficult to obtain accurate time difference, and the wireless access network needs to use a more complicated mechanism to obtain this time difference.
  • the target base station because the time that the message is transmitted in the radio access network or on the radio interface is uncertain, it is difficult for the target base station to reserve the shared radio channel resources, and the premature reservation will reduce the utilization efficiency of the radio channel. The reserved night will cause the terminal to miss the access time or introduce additional delay, so some redundant wireless channel resources are usually reserved to ensure the smooth handover, and thus the utilization of the radio resources is reduced.
  • a handover mode in which radio channel resources are not reserved is generally adopted, that is, the terminal obtains radio channel resources in a manner in which the target base station obtains random access.
  • the process time of such random access is short, for example, in the LTE system, the phase is not around 20 ms.
  • the terminal being communicated moves between cells, it is necessary to maintain communication continuity by means of handover or the like.
  • other channels adopt a mechanism of sharing channels, and uplink and downlink radio resources are scheduled by the radio access network.
  • the cellular wireless communication system has stricter requirements on the delay of handover access, that is, the delay of handover interruption.
  • the delay of handover interruption When the terminal moves between cells, the most important and direct reason for the handover is that the signal of the original serving cell has dropped to a dangerous side. If the wireless channel is not switched to a better cell in time, the communication quality of the terminal will be greatly reduced, and even dropped calls and interruptions may occur.
  • the same delay is more sensitive to the latter from the null side.
  • the delay in the random access process is mainly caused by the above-mentioned "conflict,” phenomenon, because the conflict will cause only one terminal to access the wireless network, and even all terminals in the conflict fail. The failed terminal is reconnected. Success has also generated more delays.
  • the handover access solution can solve the above problems in the related art.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a handover access method and apparatus based on a random access channel, which are used to solve the problem that the handover is not distinguished in the related art.
  • a handover access method based on a random access channel which is used for handover access of a mobile terminal in a cellular mobile communication system, and includes the following steps: Step a, the source base station The target base station sends a handover request message requesting to switch the mobile terminal it serves to the target base station; step b The target base station sends a handover response message to the source base station, and the source base station forwards its content to the mobile terminal in the handover command, where the handover command message includes the sequence number of the reserved signature code allocated by the target base station to the mobile terminal and the reservation.
  • the random access subchannel in which the feature code is located the reserved feature code is a part of the random access feature code used by the mobile terminal that is separately reserved for the handover access in advance; Step c, after the mobile terminal receives the handover command message, determines the handover The command message includes a sequence number of the reserved feature code, and then the random access subchannel in which the reserved feature code and the reserved feature code are located is selected; and in step d, the target base station and the mobile terminal initiate handover access on the random access subchannel.
  • a random access channel-based handover access apparatus which is used for handover access of a mobile terminal in a cellular mobile communication system, and includes: a request handover module, configured to enable a source base station Sending a handover request message to the target base station, requesting to handover the mobile terminal it serves to the target base station
  • the handover response module is configured to enable the target base station to send a handover response message to the source base station, and the source base station forwards the content to the mobile terminal in the handover command, where the handover command message includes the reserved feature code allocated by the target base station to the mobile terminal.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a cellular radio communication system
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a random access subchannel and a time slot
  • FIG. 3 shows a cellular radio communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the LTE system
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the LTE system random access subchannel and time slot
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • LTE system uses a handover procedure of reserved feature codes
  • FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a random access channel based handover access method according to the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram showing a random access channel based handover access apparatus in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing a feature reservation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step S702 A source base station sends a handover request message to a target base station, requesting to switch the mobile terminal it serves to a target base station; step S704, the target base station sends a handover response message to the source base station, and the source base station forwards its content to the mobile terminal in the handover command, where the handover command message includes the reserved feature code allocated by the target base station to the mobile terminal.
  • step S704 includes the following steps: the handover command message further includes a temporary identity number that is allocated to the mobile terminal, and the temporary identity number and the reserved feature code and the random access subchannel where the reserved feature code is located are - Correspondence.
  • step S706 includes the following steps: The mobile terminal specifies to use the reserved feature code to send a random access message on the random access subchannel.
  • step S708 includes the following steps: the target base station determines, according to the reserved feature code, that the mobile terminal initiates handover access, and determines, according to the reserved feature code and the random access subchannel. The time identity number, and then the handover access response message is separately sent to the mobile terminal corresponding to the temporary identity number.
  • the handover access response message is transmitted on the downlink logical dedicated channel, or is transmitted on the logical dedicated channel by using a hybrid automatic repeat request technique.
  • step S708 further includes the following steps: After receiving the handover access response message, the mobile terminal sends a handover complete message.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a random access channel based handover access device 800 in accordance with the present invention, comprising: a request handover module 802 for causing a source base station to send a handover request message to a target base station, requesting that it is served The mobile terminal switches to the target base station; the handover response module 804 is configured to enable the target base station to send a handover response message to the source base station, and the source base station forwards its content to the mobile terminal in the handover command, where the target is included in the handover command message.
  • the subchannel selection module 806 is configured to: after the mobile terminal receives the handover command message, determine that the handover command message includes the sequence number of the reserved signature, and then select the reserved feature a code and a random access subchannel in which the reserved feature code is located; and a handover access module 808, configured to move the target base station Terminal initiates a handoff access procedure on the random access sub-channel.
  • the handover response module 804 is configured to enable the target base station to further include, in the handover command message, the temporary identity number, the temporary identity number, the reserved feature code, and the random access subchannel where the reserved feature code is allocated to the mobile terminal.
  • the subchannel selection module 806 is configured to enable the mobile terminal to specify to use the reserved signature to send a random access message on the random access subchannel.
  • the handover access module 808 is configured to enable the target base station to determine, according to the reserved feature code, that the mobile terminal initiates handover access, and determine a temporary identity number according to the reserved feature code and the random access subchannel, and then provide the temporary identity number.
  • the mobile terminal corresponding to the identity number separately sends the handover access response Interest.
  • the handover access module 808 causes the handover access response message to be transmitted on the downlink logical dedicated channel or on the logical dedicated channel using the hybrid automatic repeat request technique.
  • the handover access module 808 is further configured to: after the mobile terminal receives the handover access response message, send a handover complete message.
  • the reserved feature code is a part of the random access feature code used by the mobile terminal that is separately reserved for handover access in advance;
  • the feature code in the random access message itself implicitly explains the reason of the access, that is, if the feature code in a random access message is a reserved feature code, it means that the reason for this access is Switch access.
  • the signature can also be reserved on multiple random access subchannels. While the 4 bar reservation signature is assigned to a hand-in terminal, the random access subchannel in which the signature is located needs to be specified. This is to prevent terminals that are assigned the same reserved signature from accessing on the same random access subchannel, resulting in collisions.
  • the information of the feature code reserved on the one or more random access subchannels is referred to as the reservation information of the signature. As shown in FIG.
  • part A indicates that all random access reasons on a random access subchannel in a certain cell share all the feature codes, and the possibility of terminal collisions conforms to the slot ALOHA rule, assuming random access arrives. Poisson law, then from the perspective of the terminal, if it initiates random access, the possible collision probability is:
  • P s is the collision probability when the terminal randomly accesses; G is the number of random access requests that may be received on average for each random access opportunity.
  • a random access opportunity refers to an opportunity to initiate a random access procedure with one of the signatures in a random access slot.
  • N ro is the number of random access opportunities
  • N f is the number of random access subchannels in the cell
  • T is the interval between random access slots, in milliseconds; N s is the total number of signatures in a random access slot.
  • part B indicates that a part of the feature code is reserved as a reserved feature code. It is also seen that the same proportion of random access in the random access - actually switching access - is also distinguished. These handover accesses will share all of the reserved signatures; other random accesses will share the remaining non-reserved signatures. Since the same ratio of the number of random accesses Nf and the number of signatures Ns are separated, the average number of random accesses G that may be received by each of the remaining random access opportunities remains unchanged compared to before the separation.
  • Step S302 The terminal sends a measurement report to the serving source base station, where the measurement information about the neighboring cell is included. After analyzing the measurement report sent by the terminal, the source base station determines whether to switch the terminal out of the coverage of the base station by combining the radio resource management information configured by itself.
  • Step S304 The source base station sends a handover request message to the handover target base station, where the message includes the context stored in the relevant terminal on the source base station;
  • Step S306 The target base station After the context is saved, the terminal is assigned a temporary identity number.
  • the target base station also assigns a reserved signature to the terminal.
  • the handover response message to the source base station includes the sequence number of the reserved reservation signature and the information of the random access subchannel where the signature is located, and the information is associated with the temporary number assigned to the terminal.
  • Relationship S308 The source base station sends a handover command message to the terminal on the radio interface, and the handover command is cancelled.
  • the information includes the sequence number of the assigned reserved signature, the random access subchannel information where the signature is located, and the temporary identity number of the terminal.
  • Step S310 After receiving the handover command message, the terminal sends a random access message on the random access subchannel specified in the message, and uses the specified reserved feature code in the random access message.
  • Step S312 The target base station receives After the random access message, if the feature code used in the message is found to be a reserved feature code, it is determined that this is a collision-free handover access. Then, the identity of the terminal is determined according to the sequence number of the signature and the information of the random access subchannel that receives the random access message.
  • the LTE system currently under discussion in the industry is a typical cellular wireless communication system. As shown in FIG. 4, the system consists of a terminal, a base station, and a core network. Whether there is a logical or even physical connection between the base stations depends on the network's requirements for mobility management. All base stations are connected to the core network. All base stations connected to the core network constitute a radio access network, and the uplink/downlink radio resource management is based on the idea of channel sharing, and is scheduled by the base station.
  • the LTE system forms a channel in the frequency domain. As shown in FIG. 5, four frequency bands constitute four channels. A frame for random access on a channel is called a random access slot, and a random access slot that is fixed to each other on one channel constitutes a random access subchannel.
  • the random access message is sent on the uplink random access subchannel, and the information bits loaded in the message use the feature code with high autocorrelation.
  • the serial number is indicated.
  • there are two random access subchannels in a cell the time slot interval is 10 ms, and there are 64 feature codes in one slot (ie, 6 information bits), then 1 second.
  • the time when the LTE system completes one handover that is, the time from the allocation of the reserved signature to the termination of the terminal to the target base station is 50 ms.
  • the proportion of handover access in the cell is 37.5 %, and there are 24 feature codes reserved.
  • the cell has a total of 3,000 terminals in busy time, and the number of random accesses initiated per second is 32, 12 of which are hand-in requests, assuming that the law of random access arrival conforms to the Poisson distribution: If no features are reserved Code, then when all terminals are in random access, the probability of collision from the perspective of the terminal is 0.25%. It also includes the switched terminal.
  • the reserved feature code switching process includes the following steps: Step S602: The terminal A performs measurement on the neighboring cell according to the measurement control information sent by the base station, and then sends the measurement result to the serving base station through the measurement report, that is, a source base station; Step S604, the source base station decides to switch the terminal A to the cell 1 of the target base station, and sends a handover request message to the target base station, where the message includes the context information of the terminal on the source base station; and in step S606, the target base station allocates the terminal A to the terminal A.
  • a 16-bit temporary identity number having a value of OX6382 and also assigned a reserved feature code on the first random access subchannel of cell 1, with a sequence number of 45, and in the temporary identity number and assigned A correspondence between the reserved feature code and the random access subchannel in which it is located is established.
  • the target base station sends a handover response message, where the message includes the temporary identity number of the terminal A, the sequence number 45 of the signature, and the information of the first random access subchannel.
  • Step S608 the source base station performs the handover command on the wireless interface.
  • the temporary identity number received in the handover response message, the signature sequence number, the information of the first random access subchannel of the cell 1 and other description information about the target base station are sent to the terminal A;
  • Step S610 the terminal A receives the handover.
  • a random access message is sent on the first random access subchannel of the cell 1 of the target base station, and a signature with a sequence number of 45 is prepared in the message;
  • step S612 the target base station according to the received feature code Sequence number, determining that the terminal is performing handover access, and then according to the sequence number 45 of the signature code and the first random access subchannel where the terminal is located
  • the information corresponds to terminal A whose temporary identity number is OX6382.
  • the target base station then sends a handover access response message to the terminal A on the logical dedicated channel, where the message includes synchronization information, uplink channel resource information, and the like.
  • the sending of the message may also use the HARQ technology to improve the reliability of the sent message; and in step S614, after receiving the handover access response message, the terminal A sends a handover complete message.
  • the same handover access message is not initiated on the same time slot of the same random access subchannel, thereby avoiding the possibility of collision between the handover access messages and avoiding the handover access message in the wireless connection.
  • the access side causes ambiguity when determining the identity of the terminal.
  • modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed over a network composed of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or they may be Multiple modules or steps are made into a single integrated circuit module.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

丞丁 八 1¾逸 八万 S:? 衣五 技术领域 本发明涉及通信领域， 更具体而言 , 涉及一种基于随机接入信道的切换 接入方法和装置。 背景技术 如图 1所示， 蜂窝式无线通信系统， 主要由终端、 无线接入网和核心网 组成。 对于蜂窝式无线通信系统来说， 终端在和网络通信前， 需要通过一个上 行的公共信道来发送一个随机接入的消息。 这种公共信道， 称为随机接入信 道。 随机接入的主要目的是通过竟争的方式来获得对于有限的无线信道资源 的占用， 有时也是为了获得上行方向的同步信息。 上行同步信息被终端用来 决定何时发送上行的信号， 使得上行信号落在基站接收机的信号接收时间窗 口内。 蜂窝无线通信系统中信道可以通过码分、频分、 时分等各种可能采用的 多址技术来区分， 每个信道在时域上的最小单元称为帧。 用来作为随机接入 的帧或者帧的组合称为随机接入时隙， 相同信道上的随机接入时隙以某种方 式构成随机接入子信道。 图 2中， 3个频点和 3个信道码构成 9个信道， 比 如 2号频点和 2号信道码组合构成的信道。 在这个信道上每 6个帧中， 有一 个帧作为随机接入时隙使用， 随机接入时隙之间的间隔为 5帧， 在这个信道 上构成了一个随机接入子信道。 1 号频点和 1 号信道码构成的信道上也配置 了随机接入子信道， 所以在这个小区中有 2个随机接入子信道。 为了保证初始的随机接入消息的有效覆盖范围，消息本身的数据速率很 低， 换句话说， 可以包含的信息比特很有限。 比如目前在 3GPP (第三代移 动通讯伙伴计划） 讨论的 LTE ( Long Term Evolution, 长期演进） 系统中， 非同步单帧 （时长 1 ms ) 构成的随机时隙可以承载不超过 10比特的信息。 这些随机接入消息中的信息比特一般用自相关性很高的特征码的序列 号来表示。 在一个随机接入时隙中， 无线接入网可以分辨出包含了不同特征 码的随机接入消息。 所以只有在相同的随机接入时隙上同时收到两个具有相 同特征码的随机接入消息的时候才会发生沖突。 冲突使得无线接入网无法分. 辨出单独的终端， 也就是说， 从无线接入网的角度来说， 效果雷同于只收到 一个终端的接入请求。 在这种情况下， 终端和无线接入网之间需要通过额外 的冲突解决机制， 来确保其中一个终端成功接入。 失败的终端将会重新再通 过这种竟争的方式来接入无线网络。 有的时候冲突也会导致所有冲突的终端 接入失败。 这种从空闲状态开始的初始接入过程是随机接入过程的一种原因。还有 一种比较重要的原因是基站之间的切换接入过程。 在终端和网络通信过程中， 终端在不同的小区之间进行移动的时候， 需 要更换无线信道来保持通信。 假如目标小区和源小区在不同的基站， 一种可 能的切换方式是在切换准备阶段， 目标基站已经准备了无线信道资源， 然后 通过源基站通知终端接入到目标基站已经分配的无线信道上。 这种方式对于 基于专用无线信道资源的系统， 比如 GSM (全球移动通讯系统）， 非常有效； 但是对于基于共享信道的无线通信系统， 比如 LTE, 这种切换方式会增加系 统的复杂性， 并且使得无线信道资源的利用率降低。 这是因为源基站需要在 切换开始的时候知道和目标基站之间的时间差， 以便通知终端一个合适的开 始时间来接入到目标基站。 而获得精确的时间差的难度很高， 无线接入网需 要釆用比较复杂的机制来获得这个时间差。 另外因为消息在无线接入网内或 者在无线接口上传递的时间不确定， 这对于目标基站来说如何预留共享的无 线信道资源变得很难， 预留过早会降低无线信道的利用效率， 预留过晚会让 终端错过接入时间或者引入额外的延迟， 所以通常会预留部分冗余的无线信 道资源来保证切换的顺利进行， 而这样故降低了无线资源的利用率。 所以一 般会采用不预定无线信道资源的切换方式， 即终端在目标基站通过竟争的随 机接入的方式来获得无线信道资源。 随着蜂窝式无线通信系统的技术发展， 这种随机接入的过程时间 艮短， 比如在 LTE系统中， 大相无在 20ms左右。 正在通信的终端在蜂窝之间移动的时候，需要通过切换等手段来保持通 信的连续性。 通常， 除了公共信道以外， 其他信道采用共享信道的机制， 并 且上下行无线资源由无线接入网来调度。
来说都很重要。 但相比较而言， 蜂窝式无线通信系统对于切换接入的时延， 也就是切换中断的时延要求更加严格。 终端在蜂窝之间移动的时候， 切换的 最主要和最直接的原因是原来的服务小区的信号已经下降到了一个危险的边 缘， 如果不及时把无线信道切换到信号更好的小区， 那么终端的通信质量将 大大下降， 甚至出现掉话、 中断等现象。 对于终端来说， 同样的延迟， 从空 端对于后者更加敏感。 而在随机接入过程的时延主要是由上述的 "冲突，， 现 象导致的， 因为沖突会导致只有一个终端接入无线网络， 甚至沖突中的所有 终端都失败。 而失败的终端即使重新接入成功， 也已经产生了更多的时延。 基于切换接入的重要性， 需要一种方法来消除终端在切换接入时候的沖突概 率。 因此， 人们需要一种用于蜂窝式无线通信系统的切换接入解决方案， 能 够解决上述相关技术中的问题。 发明内容 本发明旨在提供一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入方法和装置，用于解 决相关技术中不区分切换接入重要性的问题。 根据本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入方 法， 用于蜂窝式移动通信系统中移动终端的切换接入， 包括以下步骤： 步骤 a, 源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息，请求将其所服务的移动终端切换到 目标基站； 步骤 b, 目标基站对源基站发送切换响应消息， 源基站将其内容 在切换命令中转发给移动终端， 其中， 在切换命令消息中包括目标基站分配 给移动终端的预留特征码的序列号以及预留特征码所在的随机接入子信道， 预留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的一部分随机接入 特征码； 步骤 c , 移动终端收到切换命令消息以后， 确定切换命令消息中包 含预留特征码的序列号， 于是选择预留特征码和预留特征码所在随机接入子 信道； 以及步骤 d， 目标基站与移动终端在随机接入子信道上发起切换接入 过程。 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入装 置， 用于蜂窝式移动通信系统中移动终端的切换接入， 包括： 请求切换模块， 用于使源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息， 请求将其所服务的移动终端切 换到目标基站； 切换响应模块， 用于使目标基站对源基站发送切换响应消息， 源基站将其内容在切换命令中转发给移动终端， 其中， 在切换命令消息中包 括目标基站分配给移动终端的预留特征码的序列号以及预留特征码所在的随 机接入子信道， 预留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的 一部分随机接入特征码； 子信道选择模块， 用于使移动终端收到切换命令消 息以后， 确定切换命令消息中包含预留特征码的序列号， 于是选 ^留特征 码和预留特征码所在随机接入子信道； 以及切换接入模块， 用于使目标基站 与移动终端在随机接入子信道上发起切换接入过程。 通过上述技术方案， 本发明实现了如下技术效果： 采用本发明的方法， 可以确保在无线接口上， 在任何一个时刻要求切换 接入的终端， 在被分配了特征码的前提下， 都不会在相同的随机接入子信道 的相同时隙上发起相同的切换接入消息， 从而避免了切换接入消息之间沖突 的可能性， 也避免了切换接入消息在无线接入网侧在确定终端身份的时候引 起歧义。 本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述， 并且， 部分地从说 明书中变得显而易见， 或者通过实施本发明而了解。 本发明的目的和其他优 点可通过在所写的说明书、 权利要求书、 以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实 现和获得。 附图说明 此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部 分， 本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的 不当限定。 在附图中： 图 1示出了蜂窝式无线通信系统结构图； 图 2示出了随机接入子信道和时隙示意图； 图 3 示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的蜂窝式无线通讯系统使用预留 特征码的切换流程； 图 4示出了 LTE系统结构示意图； 图 5示出了 LTE系统随机接入子信道和时隙示意图； 图 6示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的 LTE系统使用预留特征码的切 换流程； 图 7示出了根据本发明的基于随机接入信道的切换接入方法的流程图; 图 8示出了根据本发明的基于随机接入信道的切换接入装置的方框图； 以及 图 9示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的特征码预留示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将参考附图并结合实施例， 来详细说明本发明。 本发明提供了一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入方法和装置。 图 7示出了根据本发明的基于随机接入信道的切换接入方法的流程图， 包括以下步骤： 步骤 S702 , 源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息， 请求将其所服务的 移动终端切换到目标基站； 步骤 S704， 目标基站对源基站发送切换响应消息， 源基站将其内容在 切换命令中转发给移动终端， 其中， 在切换命令消息中包括目标基站分配给 移动终端的预留特征码的序列号以及预留特征码所在的随机接入子信道， 预 留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的一部分随机接入特 征码 步骤 S706, 移动终端收到切换命令消息以后， 确定切换命令消息中包 含预留特征码的序列号， 于是选择预留特征码和预留特征码所在随机接入子 信道； 以及 步骤 S708, 目标基站与移动终端在随机接入子信道上发起切换接入过 程。 可选地， 步骤 S704包括以下步骤： 在切换命令消息中还包括其分配给 移动终端的临时身份号码， 临时身份号码和预留特征码以及预留特征码所在 的随机接入子信道之间有——对应关系。 可选地， 步骤 S706包括以下步骤： 移动终端指定在随机接入子信道上 使用预留特征码发送随机接入消息。 可选地， 步骤 S708包括以下步骤： 目标基站根据预留特征码确定移动 终端发起的是切换接入， 并且根据预留特征码以及随机接入子信道来确定临 时身份号码， 然后给临时身份号码所对应的移动终端单独发送切换接入响应 消息。 可选地， 切换接入响应消息在下行的逻辑专用信道上传输， 或采用混合 自动重传请求技术在逻辑专用信道上传输。 可选地， 步骤 S708还包括以下步骤： 移动终端接到切换接入响应消息 后， 发送切换完成消息。 图 8示出了根据本发明的基于随机接入信道的切换接入装置 800的方框 图， 其包括： 请求切换模块 802， 用于使源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息， 请求 将其所服务的移动终端切换到目标基站； 切换响应模块 804, 用于使目标基站对源基站发送切换响应消息， 源基 站将其内容在切换命令中转发给移动终端， 其中， 在所述切换命令消息中包 括目标基站分配给移动终端的预留特征码的序列号以及所述预留特征码所在 的随机接入子信道信息， 所述预留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移 动终端使用的一部分随机接入特征码； 子信道选择模块 806, 用于使移动终端收到切换命令消息以后， 确定所 述切换命令消息中包含所述预留特征码的序列号， 于是选择所述预留特征码 和所述预留特征码所在随机接入子信道； 以及 切换接入模块 808, 用于使目标基站与移动终端在随机接入子信道上发 起切换接入过程。 可选地，切换响应模块 804用于使目标基站在切换命令消息中还包括其 分配给移动终端的临时身份号码， 临时身份号码和预留特征码以及预留特征 码所在的随机接入子信道之间有——对应关系。 可选地，子信道选择模块 806用于使移动终端指定在随机接入子信道上 使用预留特征码发送随机接入消息。 可选地，切换接入模块 808用于使目标基站根据预留特征码确定移动终 端发起的是切换接入， 并且根据预留特征码以及随机接入子信道来确定临时 身份号码， 然后给临时身份号码所对应的移动终端单独发送切换接入响应消 息。 可选地，切换接入模块 808使切换接入响应消息在下行的逻辑专用信道 上传输， 或采用混合自动重传请求技术在逻辑专用信道上传输。 可选地， 切换接入模块 808 还用于使移动终端接到切换接入响应消息 后， 发送切换完成消息。 下面来详述 据本发明的实施例。 本发明的蜂窝无线通讯系统的无线接入网采用下列方法来区分切换接 入和其他的随机接入：
1 , 预留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的一部分 随机接入特征码；
2 , 随机接入消息中的特征码本身隐式地说明了接入原因， 也就是说如 果某次随机接入消息中的特征码是个预留特征码， 就表示-这次的接入原因是 切换接入。 如果小区中有多个随机接入子信道，那么特征码也可以在多个随机接入 子信道上预留。 在 4巴预留特征码分配给某个切入的终端的同时， 需要指定该 特征码所在的随机接入子信道。 这是为了避免被分配相同的预留特征码的终 端在相同的随机接入子信道上接入， 从而导致冲突。 这种一个或者多个随机 接入子信道上预留的特征码的信息称为特征码的预留信息。 如图 9所示， A部分表示是某个小区中一个随机接入子信道上所有的随 机接入原因共享所有的特征码， 终端沖突的可能性符合时隙 ALOHA规律， 假设随机接入到达符合泊松规律， 那么从终端的角度来看， 如果它发起随机 接入， 可能的沖突概率是：
Ps = l - e"G
Ps是终端随机接入时候的冲突概率； G是每个随机接入机会平均可能收到的随机接入请求个数。 一个随机接入机会是指在一个随机接入时隙中用其中一个特征码发起 一次随机接入过程的机会。 一个小区 1秒内的随机接入机会数为： Nro=Nf * 1000/T*NS
Nro是随机接入机会数；
Nf是小区中随机接入子信道的个数；
T是随机接入时隙之间的间隔时间， 单位是毫秒； Ns是一个随机接入时隙中特征码的总数。 如图 9所示， B部分表示其中一部分的特征码被预留起来成为预留特征 码。 同时也看到在随机接入中相同比例的随机接入 -实际上是切换接入 -也 被区分出来。 这些切换接入将共享所有的预留特征码； 而其他的随机接入将 共享剩余的非预留特征码。 因为相同比例的随机接入个数 Nf 和特征码的个 数 Ns被分离， 在剩余的每个随机接入机会平均可能收到的随机接入个数 G 和没有分离以前相比保持不变， 所以根据时隙 ALOHA的理论， 剩余的随机 接入的冲突概率保持不变。 而对于切换接入来说， 因为预留特征码是由无线接入网分配的， 所以通 过一定的管理方法， 可以保证切换接入的终端之间可以没有冲突。 如图 3所示，这是蜂窝式移动通讯系统给切换接入分配预留特征码的切 换流程图。 切换流程说明如下： 步骤 S302: 终端给正在服务的源基站发送测量报告， 其中包含了对邻 近小区的测量信息。 源基站在分析了终端发送的测量报告以后， 结合本身配 置的无线资源管理信息， 来决定是否把该终端切换出本基站的覆盖范围。 如 果源基站决定切换， 则会选择一个切换的目标基站； 步骤 S304: 源基站发送一个切换请求消息给切换目标基站， 消息中包 括了在源基站上保存在有关终端的上下文； 步骤 S306: 目标基站保存上下文以后， 会给终端分配一个临时的身份 号码。 目标基站还会为该终端分配一个预留特征码。 在给源基站的切换响应 消息中会包括分配的预留特征码的序列号， 以及该特征码所在的随机接入子 信道的信息， 这些信息和给终端分配的临时号码之间有——对应的关系； 步骤 S308: 源基站在无线接口发送切换命令消息给终端， 切换命令消 息包括分配的预留特征码的序列号、 特征码所在的随机接入子信道信息和终 端的临时身份号码。 步骤 S310: 终端收到切换命令消息以后， 会在消息中指定的随机接入 子信道上发送随机接入消息， 随机接入消息中使用指定的预留特征码； 步骤 S312: 目标基站在收到随机接入消息以后， 如果发现消息中所使 用的特征码是预留特征码， 则判定这是个无冲突的切换接入。 然后会根据该 特征码的序列号以及收到随机接入消息的随机接入子信道的信息， 确定该终 端的身份。 然后在切换接入响应消息给该终端反馈上行同步信息和上行无线 信道资源等信息； 以及 步骤 S314: 终端收到切换接入响应消息以后， 发送切换完成消息。 目前正在业界讨论的 LTE 系统是典型蜂窝式无线通讯系统。 如图 4所 示， 这个系统由终端、 基站和核心网组成， 基站之间是否存在逻辑甚至物理 的连接， 取决于网络对于移动性管理的需求。 所有的基站都和核心网相连。 所有与核心网相连的基站就构成了无线接入网，其上 /下行的无线资源管理都 是基于信道共享的思想， 并且由基站进行调度的。
LTE系统在频域构成信道， 如图 5所示， 4个频带构成了 4个信道。 在 信道上用于随机接入的帧称为随机接入时隙， 在一个信道上相互之间间隔固 定的随机接入时隙就构成了随机接入子信道。 终端在初始接入、 上行同步、 上行资源请求或者基站之间切换的时候都会在上行随机接入子信道上发送随 机接入消息， 消息中所负载的信息比特用自相关性很高的特征码的序列号来 表示。 第一实施例 某个 LTE系统中，小区内有 2个随机接入子信道，时隙间隔时间是 10ms , 一个时隙中有 64个特征码 （即表示 6个信息比特）， 那么 1秒的随机接入机 会一共有 2x 100x64, 即 12800个。 该 LTE 系统完成一次切换的时间， 即从分配预留特征码开始到终端切 入目标基站的时间是 50ms。 小区中切换接入所占的比例为 37.5 %， 那么被预留的特征码一共有 24 个。 该小区在忙时一共驻扎了 3000个终端， 而且每秒内发起的随机接入个 数是 32, 其中 12个是切入请求， 假设随机接入到达的规律符合泊松分布： 如果不预留特征码， 那么所有的终端在随机接入的时候， 从终端的角度来看 沖突的概率是 0.25%。 其中也包括切换的终端。 如果预留了 24个特征码， 那 么每秒有 20个随机接入请求， 共享 40个特征码， 其沖突的概率还是 0.25%; 而 12个切入请求可以使用预留的 24个特征码而不会发生沖突， 即沖突概率 是 0 %。 第二实施例 本实施例中目标基站的小区 1中有 2个随机接入子信道，每个子信道上 有 64个特征码， 其中 40 ~ 63号特征码是被预留给切换专用的。
. 如图 6所示， 预留特征码切换过程包括以下步骤： 步骤 S602 , 终端 A根据基站发送的测量控制信息对邻近小区进行了测 量， 然后通过测量报告把测量结果发送给服务的基站， 即源基站； 步骤 S604, 源基站决定把终端 A切换到目标基站的小区 1 , 并且给目 标基站发送切换请求消息， 消息中包括了源基站上终端的上下文信息； 步骤 S606, 目标基站给终端 A分配了一个 16位的临时身份号码， 其值 为 OX6382 , 并且还分配了小区 1的第一个随机接入子信道上的预留特征码， 序号为 45 , 并且在这个临时身份号码和所分配的预留特征码以及所在的随机 接入子信道之间建立——对应关系。 然后目标基站发送切换响应消息， 消息 中会包含终端 A的临时身份号码、 特征码的序列号 45 以及第一个随机接入 子信道的信息； 步骤 S608, 源基站在无线接口通过切换命令把在切换响应消息中收到 的临时身份号码， 特征码序列号， 小区 1的第一个随机接入子信道的信息以 及其他有关目标基站的描述信息发送给终端 A; 步骤 S610, 终端 A收到切换命令消息以后， 在目标基站的小区 1的第 一个随机接入子信道上发送随机接入消息， 消息中编制了序列号为 45 的特 征码； 步骤 S612, 目标基站根据收到的特征码的序号， 判断出该终端是在进 行切换接入， 然后根据特征码的序列号 45 和所在的第一个随机接入子信道 的信息，对应到临时身份号码为 OX6382的终端 A。 目标基站然后在逻辑专用 信道上给终端 A发送切换接入响应消息， 消息中包括同步信息和上行信道资 源信息等。 消息的发送还可以采用 HARQ技术用来提高发送消息的可靠性； 以及 步骤 S614, 终端 A收到切换接入响应消息以后， 发送切换完成消息。 从以上的描述中， 可以看出， 本发明实现了如下技术效果： 采用本发明的方法， 可以确保在无线接口上， 在任何一个时刻要求切换 接入的终端， 在被分配了特征码的前提下， 都不会在相同的随机接入子信道 的相同时隙上发起相同的切换接入消息， 从而避免了切换接入消息之间冲突 的可能性， 也避免了切换接入消息在无线接入网侧在确定终端身份的时候引 起歧义。 显然， 本领域的技术人员应该明白， 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可 以用通用的计算装置来实现， 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上， 或者分布 在多个计算装置所组成的网络上， 可选地， 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程 序代码来实现， 从而， 可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行， 或 者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块， 或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制 作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样， 本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软 件结合。 应该明白， 这些具体实施中的变化对于本领域的技术人员来说是显 而易见的， 不脱离本发明的精神保护范围。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 对于本 领域的技术人员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入方法， 用于蜂窝式移动通信系统中 移动终端的切换接入， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
步骤 a， 源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息， 请求将其所服务 的移动终端切换到所述目标基站；
步骤 b， 所述目标基站对所述源基站发送切换响应消息， 所述源 基站将其内容在切换命令中转发给所述移动终端， 其中， 在所述切换 命令消息中包括所述目标基站分配给所述移动终端的预留特征码的序 列号以及所述预留特征码所在的随机接入子信道， 所述预留特征码是 事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的一部分随机接入特征 码；
步骤 c， 所述移动终端收到所述切换命令消息以后， 确定所述切 换命令消息中包含所述预留特征码的序列号， 于是选择所述预留特征 码和所述预留特征码所在的随机接入子信道； 以及
步骤 d， 所述目标基站与所述移动终端在所述随机接入子信道上 发起切换接入过程。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的切换接入方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 b包括 以下步骤： 在所述切换命令消息中还包括其分配给所述移动终端的临 时身份号码， 所述临时身份号码和所述预留特征码以及所述预留特征 码所在的随机接入子信道之间有——对应关系。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的切换接入方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 c包括 以下步骤： 所述移动终端指定在所述随机接入子信道上使用所述预留 特征码发送随机接入消息。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的切换接入方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 d包括 以下步骤： 所述目标基站根据所述预留特征码确定移动终端发起的是 切换接入， 并且 ^据所述预留特征码以及所述随机接入子信道来确定 所述临时身份号码 , 然后给所述临时身份号码所对应的移动终端单独 发送切换接入响应消息。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的切换接入方法， 其特征在于， 所述切换接 ¾： 应消息在下行的逻辑专用信道上传输， 或采用混合自动重传请求技术 在逻辑专用信道上传输。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的切换接入方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 d还包 括以下步骤： 移动终端接到所述切换接入响应消息后， 发送切换完成 消息。
7. 一种基于随机接入信道的切换接入装置， 用于蜂窝式移动通信系统中 移动终端的切换接入， 其特征在于， 包括：
请求切换模块， 用于使源基站向目标基站发送切换请求消息， 请 求将其所服务的移动终端切换到所述目标基站；
切换响应模块， 用于使所述目标基站对所述源基站发送切换响应 消息， 所述源基站将其内容在切换命令中转发给所述移动终端， 其中， 在所述切换命令消息中包括所述目标基站分配给所述移动终端的所述 预留特征码的序列号以及所述预留特征码所在的随机接入子信道， 所 述预留特征码是事先被单独预留给切换接入的移动终端使用的一部分 随机接入特征码；
子信道选择模块， 用于使所述移动终端收到切换命令消息以后， 确定所述切换命令消息中包含所述预留特征码的序列号， 于是选择所 述预留特征码和所述预留特征码所在随机接入子信道； 以及
切换接入模块， 用于使所述目标基站与所述移动终端在所述随机 接入子信道上发起切换接入过程。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的切换接入装置， 其特征在于， 所述切换接入模 块用于使所述切换接入响应消息在下行的逻辑专用信道上传输， 或采 用混合自动重传请求技术在逻辑专用信道上传输。
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CN101155416A (zh) 2008-04-02
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CA2664633A1 (en) 2008-04-17
RU2009109063A (ru) 2010-09-20
JP5015254B2 (ja) 2012-08-29
AU2007306874A1 (en) 2008-04-17
BRPI0714763B1 (pt) 2020-01-07
EP2068582A4 (en) 2011-11-02
CN100571444C (zh) 2009-12-16
US8229439B2 (en) 2012-07-24
JP2010505302A (ja) 2010-02-18
EP2068582B1 (en) 2016-01-13
HK1131710A1 (zh) 2010-01-29
RU2441346C2 (ru) 2012-01-27
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CA2664633C (en) 2016-01-05
BRPI0714763A2 (pt) 2015-06-30

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