WO2008040613A1

WO2008040613A1 - Oscillation actuator arrangement

Info

Publication number: WO2008040613A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/059370
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rudolf Braungardt; Swen Dietrich; Holger Stichel
Original assignee: Kobra Formen Gmbh
Priority date: 2006-10-07
Filing date: 2007-09-07
Publication date: 2008-04-10
Also published as: DE102006047548A1; EP2087243A1

Abstract

Disclosed is the use of force generators according to the principle of membrane contraction for exciting oscillating movements. Also disclosed are several advantageous examples of designs.

Description

Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung

The invention relates to a Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung.

Vibration actuators are used to excite an object or a part of an object to oscillatory movements such as vibration. Shaking.

DE 199 21 145 A1 discloses an apparatus for the production of concrete shaped blocks, in which a vibrating table is supported by actuators with piezo elements against the machine frame and can be excited to vibrate. From DE 199 40 119 A1 Rüttelaktuatoren be ren ren in a Aktuato- ren by piezoelectric elements excitable vibrations oscillatory masses known. The housing of the Rüttelaktuatoren can be attached to an object.

Unbalance shakers are known in particular in the form of rotationally driven imbalance masses or as oscillating plunger armature in electromagnetic coils.

The present invention is based on the object of specifying an advantageous Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung.

The invention is described in claim 1. The dependent claims contain advantageous refinements and developments of the invention.

The use of force generators with a membrane laterally surrounding a cavity between two end connections, which upon lateral supply of a fluid under increased pressure into the cavity, causes a longitudinally contracting force on the end connections towards each other to exercise, proves to be particularly advantageous in a Schwingungsaktuato- ranordnung, in particular for the generation of shaking movements. The force generators can be conveniently acted upon with compressed air as fluid. Devices for time-variable supply of fluid are advantageously temporally largely arbitrarily controllable and generally available, for example, as valve arrangements with electrically controllable valves, in particular switching valves.

The force generators of the type described according to the principle of membrane contraction are known per se and are used e.g. offered as so-called Fluidic Muscles by the company FESTO. Such force generators allow a fine dosing of a tensile force between the end connections and are characterized by a large relative displacement of the two end connections. Such force generators are particularly advantageous as actuators in control circuits.

A vibration actuator arrangement having one or preferably a plurality of such force generators is advantageously operable without resonant frequency or outside resonant frequencies of a system excited for oscillatory movements, in particular shaking movements, and in particular controllable with a rapidly variable frequency. The force generators can apply high forces. The force generators are not susceptible to contamination and usually require no bearings or seals between relatively moving parts of the power generator. Within the scope of the invention, the force generators can advantageously be used for fine adjustment or regulation of small movement paths.

In an advantageous arrangement the Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung contains a main body and a relative thereto to vibrational movements excite Baren Schwingunsgkörper, in particular a stimulable to vibrating Rüttelkörper and the at least one force generator is connected to one of the two end connections to the main body or the vibration body / Rüttelkörper. At least the main body has means for attachment to an object on which vibrational forces are to be exerted.

In a first embodiment, the Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung is executed as unbalance vibrator with an oscillating unbalanced mass and preferably connected or connected only via the body with an object. Since the force generator can apply only tensile forces between the two end connections, restoring forces are required for the movement of the imbalance mass in a direction opposite to the tensile forces of the at least one force generator, which forces are applied by further force-generating elements and / or preferably likewise by at least one similar force generator can. Several force generators can be divided into at least one first group and a second group with different, in particular oppositely oriented, tensile force direction. The force generators in groups opposite to the direction of the tensile force advantageously overlap in the longitudinal direction, preferably over most of their longitudinal extent. Further force-generating elements can, for. B. spring arrangements and / or preferably at least one further fluid-filled hollow body, in particular in the manner of an air bellows, which in a conventional manner exerts compressive forces on by the fluid pressure pressed away from each other surfaces.

In another advantageous embodiment, the Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung for exerting vibrational forces between two relatively movable parts of an object, a part of which is also considered fixed and may be formed by a foundation, a stationary frame, etc. Base body and vibration body are provided with means for connection to each part of the object. A provision of the base body and the vibration body against the tensile force direction of the at least one force generator can be effected by restoring forces of the object itself, in particular by weight forces, by arranging at least two oscillation actuators acting in the opposite direction. In a preferred embodiment, the provision in the oscillatory oscillatory motion of the body and the vibration body by forces applied within the Schwingungsaktuators restoring forces, for which in turn further force-generating elements, preferably at least one air-filled hollow body, and / or at least another similar force generator with directed in the direction of the return movement in the vibration actuator can be integrated.

The use of fluid-filled hollow bodies as further force-generating elements can be used in particular to advantage that by changing the fluid pressure, the restoring forces in a simple manner, especially during a process flow can be changed. The use of further force-generating elements, in particular fluid-filled hollow bodies, also makes it possible, in particular, to use considerably higher restoring forces and restoring accelerations than objects to be returned solely by weight forces.

For exerting compressive forces between two parts of an object by means of the tensile forces of at least one force generator, the base body and / or vibration body can be guided in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the force generator beyond the end connection on the respective other body. The conversion of the tensile forces into shear forces can also take place in such a way that a push rod is guided from one end connection through the hollow body and fluid-tightly through the other end connection from the outside.

A valve arrangement for the time-varying supply of fluid under elevated pressure into the cavity of the at least one force generator from an external fluid source preferably contains electrically controllable valves, which may preferably be designed as cost-effective switching valves. In a preferred embodiment, the discharge of fluid from the hollow body of the force generator is also time-variably controllable, in particular switching valves preferably via controllable valves. In this case, switching valves are in particular valves which can be switched between a closed and an open state with a defined fixed flow resistance, in contrast, for example, to servo valves with variably adjustable flow resistance. In particular, valves of a valve arrangement may be designed as switching valves, which supply fluid from the fluid source to the cavity of the force generator in a first switching position and discharge fluid from the cavity in a second switching position. As changeover valves are meant valves which allow switching between at least two flow paths.

In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of valves can be connected in parallel, whereby the flow cross-section increases and the oscillation frequency can be increased. A parallel connection of a plurality of valves can also be advantageous for the selectable change in the effective flow cross section, in that only a part of the plurality of valves is selectively activated.

It is also possible for several force generators to be connected together to one valve or a group of valves. In an advantageous embodiment, a distributor plate can be inserted between the valve arrangement and the force generator, which contains a plurality of bores as fluid lines.

The relative vibration movement of the base body and the vibration body can be limited in an advantageous embodiment in at least one direction of movement, preferably in two opposite directions by a stop. In an advantageous embodiment, a sensor arrangement can be provided for determining a parameter of the oscillatory movement, in particular with an acceleration sensor or a displacement sensor. Via a displacement sensor, e.g. the current relative position of the base body and the vibration body is detected in the judge of the vibration movement and the sensor signal is used in a control unit to control or regulate a certain desired temporal course of motion.

In a particular embodiment, a Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung can be used to excite vibrations by tapping on an object and having a knocking body at one end.

Schwingungsaktuatoranordnungen invention are advantageously used in a variety of applications, in particular, for example in

- Test bench tests such. Shakers, hydropulse actuators, fatigue testing, material testing

- Automotive, Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace, z. As vibration control, damping, vibration damping, active suspension, replacement for springs, drive elements - medicine, z. B. Preparation of pharmaceutical products, mixing of chemical components

- food industry, eg. In the manufacture or processing of foodstuffs - construction industry, e.g. B. Production of concrete products, compaction of concrete or similar mixtures

- chemical industry, eg. B. mixing of different components.

The above list is not exhaustive.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the figures still in detail. Showing:

Fig. 1 is an oblique view of a first advantageous embodiment of a

actuator module,

2 shows the module of FIG. 1 in side view,

3 is a plan view of the module of FIG. 1,

4 shows a section through the module along IV - IV of Fig. 3,

5 is a partially sectioned view looking V - V of FIG. 3,

6 is a section along VI - VI of FIG. 3,

7 a distributor plate obliquely from below, 8 is a distributor plate obliquely from above,

9 shows an oblique view of an advantageous embodiment as an unburnt vibrator,

10 is a side view of FIG. 9,

11 is a plan view of the module of FIG. 10,

12 is a section along XII - XII of FIG. 11,

13 is a section along XIII - XIII of FIG. 11,

14 is a section along XIV - XIV of FIG. 11,

15 is a section along XV - XV of FIG. 11,

16 shows an advantageous embodiment of a knocking actuator,

17 is a section through the longitudinal axis of the actuator of FIG. 16,

18 an application in a molding machine,

19 is a modification to FIG. 18,

20 shows a vibrating device with blow bars in an oblique view,

21 is a side view of FIG. 20, 22 is a variant of FIG. 21,

FIG. 23 shows a vibrating table arrangement, FIG.

FIG. 24 is a side view of FIG. 23; FIG.

FIG. 25 shows another vibrating table arrangement, FIG.

Fig. 26 is another advantageous application example.

The exemplary embodiments in particular show Rüttelaktuatoranordnungen as preferred embodiments of Schwingungsaktuatoranordnungen, the explanations and features and feature combinations of these embodiments Ausfüh- tion examples on other modes of vibration motion and corresponding vibration components as a generalization of Rüttelkomponenten be transferred.

Fig. 1 shows an oblique view from above of a first advantageous embodiment of a Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung invention in the form of an actuator module according to the invention, which is shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 in various other views.

The actuator module has in a compact composition a base body with a base plate GP and a fixed thereto via spacer rods DS cover plate DP. In the closed space between base plate GP and cover plate DP in Fig. 1 up and down space are multiple force generator RF of the type described according to the membrane contraction principle as actuators. The actuators are with first end EA1 with the Cover plate DP firmly connected. From the end connections EA1 lead tubular membranes ME down to the first end terminals EA1 spaced end terminals EA2. The length of the membrane ME between the two end connections is designated in FIG. 2 by the length dimension ZM. The second terminals EA2 are fixedly connected to a vibrating plate RP, which is movable relative to the base plate RP and cover plate DP and can perform during operation of the actuator module shaking relative to the base plate and cover plate, which are indicated by the double arrows. Compressed air can be fed to the cavities of the force generators enclosed by the membranes ME via a common compressed air connection LI and a plurality of valve arrangements VA, which leads to a lateral expansion and to a longitudinal contraction of the membranes. As a result of the longitudinal contraction or the longitudinally-contracting force generated by the supply of compressed air, the vibrating plate RP is accelerated away from the base plate in the direction of the cover plate from the rest position shown in the figures. The movement of the vibrating plate RP is advantageously carried out, for which with the vibrating plate RP guides FP are connected, in which the spacer rods DS run guided. The vibrating plate RP is thus guided transversely to the direction of movement relative to in compression bars DS or base plate and cover plate centered. The force generator RF and other components are advantageously arranged in a rotationally symmetrical arrangement about a central axis DA.

Base plate GP and / or cover plate DP advantageously have means for attachment to a first part of an object, e.g. B. a in Fig. 2 indicated foundation FU a molding machine. The fastening devices can be designed, for example, as bores, threads, flanges, etc., in a manner known per se. The transfer of the relative movement of the vibrating plate RP relative to the base plate and cover plate on an object can by various fasteners for connection to a second part of an object, e.g. B. a mold frame FR of a molding machine, for example, in turn, through holes, threads, flanges, etc. In the sketched advantageous example pressure-resistant rods RS are on one side firmly connected to the vibrating plate RP and passed up through the cover plate DP. To guide the rods RS can be connected to the cover plate guides FS. The upper ends of the rods RS may be connected to each other by another plate or directly, for example in the form of threaded holes, devices for attachment to an object have. By the described embodiment with the pressure-resistant bars RS advantageously the tensile forces of the force generator in the longitudinal contraction of the membranes can be converted into a compressive force between the base plate GP and the upper ends of the rods RS.

The valve assemblies VA can be set in an advantageous embodiment of several individual valves, which can be operated in parallel and thereby over a single valve can cause a larger total flow area and a faster compressed air supply. The valves of the valve arrangements can advantageously be designed as switching valves. In a preferred embodiment as switching valves, the valves of the valve assemblies VA in a first switching position, the supply of compressed air to the respective force generator temporally control and control the discharge of compressed air from the cavity of the power generator also temporally variable in a second switching position. The compressed air discharged from the cavities of the force generators enclosed by the membranes ME can be discharged into the environment, for which purpose silencers SD are advantageously provided. The supply of compressed air from the compressed air connection LI via the valve assemblies to the cavities of the force generator and the discharge of compressed air from the cavities of the force generator via the valve assemblies VA to the outside in a preferred embodiment via a distributor plate VP, which with screws SC on the cover plate DP is attached and has a plurality of compressed air-conducting bores. Advantageously, the compressed air connection LI lead to an antechamber VK in the cover plate DP and / or the distributor plate VP, from which the time-varying removal of compressed air for feeding into the cavities of the force generator. In Fig. 7, an advantageous distributor plate in view obliquely from below and in Fig. 8 the same distributor plate in oblique view from above. In the view obliquely from above in FIG. 8, four rows of bores BA, BK and Bl can be seen, wherein in each case one such row of bores is assigned to one of the several valves of the valve arrangements. The distributor plate VP can advantageously consist of a central body and connecting blocks connected to it, but in principle can also be made in one piece.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, the bores B1 are made in two parts and form the inlet bores from the antechamber VK to a first port of a switching valve. The bores BA form outlet bores and lead from a second connection of a switching valve as gas outlets to the silencers SD. The bores BK form connecting bores from a central connection of a valve to the cavities of the force generators via fluid connections AE at the underside of the distributor plate according to FIG. 7. The bores BK of four borehole rows lying parallel to one another are each connected to a central connection of the switching valves of the valve arrangements VA and lead from the separate positions at the top of the distributor plate according to Fig. 8 to a common channel in fluid then terminate AE at the bottom of the distributor plates VP. The outlet bores BA are advantageously carried out by a combination of first sections of the second valve connections perpendicular to the surface of the distributor plate and an outlet collecting bore, here parallel to the plane of the distributor plate.

The movement of the vibrating plate RP relative to the base plate and cover plate can be limited in an advantageous embodiment by mechanical stops in one or preferably both directions. For this purpose, upper stops AO and lower stops AU are fixedly connected to the base plate GP and cooperate with stop plates AP on the vibrating plate RP. The actuator module is shown with relaxed or slightly overstretched membranes ME of the force generator RF in a rest position in a determined by the lower stops AU position. Upon application of the cavities of the force generator with compressed air and displacement of the vibrating plate away from the base plate in the direction of the cover plate strike the stop plates AP to the upper stops AO and limit the movement of the vibrating plate RP relative to the base plate on an optionally adjustable distance ZR. By the upper and lower stops on the one hand, the mobility of the vibrating plate RP is limited to a defined maximum extent, on the other mechanical stops AU and AO but also have the beneficial effect that when the stop plates AP to the stops AU and AO respectively an abrupt change in the movement of the vibrating plate occurs, which ensures an increase of higher harmonic frequency components in the frequency spectrum of the vibrating motion. These higher frequency components, for example, when using the Rüttelaktua- sector as a vibrator in a molding machine for the production of concrete blocks strengthen the solidification of the concrete amount and / or accelerate. In the advantageous use of such a vibrating actuator shown in FIG. 18 in a molding machine for the production of concrete blocks, a schematically represented machine frame MR of a molding machine is set up on a foundation FU. Within the machine frame, a forming frame FR is supported by a plurality of actuator modules AM with vibrating actuators RF supported on foundation columns UP, which can be considered substantially stationary in the vertical direction except for the vertical vibrating vibrations excited by the actuator modules AM. A form FO is held in the mold frame FR, it being possible for the mold advantageously to be exchangeable and to be exchangeable with other molds. The mold FO usually contains a plurality of mold cavities FN, which are open at the top and at the bottom. The lower openings of the mold cavities can be closed by a vertically movable vibrating table RT with a stone board SB or the like as a base and filled in the closed position with concrete amount. In the filled mold cavities are from above pressure plates DR, which are connected via punch ST with a guided vertically in the machine frame load bearing body AK, sunk and press on the upper surface of the concrete amount. The vertical movement of the vibrating table RT, which construction in the example shown as a struts construction in lightweight construction, can be done in the sketched advantageous example of hydraulic cylinder SZ and piston rods KS, whose lower ends are connected to the vibrating table. By means of the hydraulic cylinder SZ, the vibrating table can be clamped during the filling with concrete amount and during a shaking operation against the bottom of the mold. After completion of the shaking process, the solidified concrete bricks BS are usually demoulded downwards through the lower openings of the mold cavities FN while the vibrating table RT is lowered with the stone board SB and can be shown in the sketch. graced lowered position of the vibrating table are removed laterally from the machine.

The embodiment of an arrangement of Rüttelaktuatormodulen AM in a molding machine of FIG. 19 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 18 in particular by the fact that the mold frame is supported not only on the Aktua- tormodule AM, but in addition over weight balancer BG against the foundation or the machine frame is. The weight balancing body take on at least a major part of the weight of the assembly of mold frame, vibrating table, mold insert with concrete amount and the compressive force of Auflastvorrichtung, so that the actuator modules have to apply significantly lower forces or can cause higher accelerations upwards with equal forces. The weight balancing body can, for. B. as a rubber bearing or preferably as outlined as be acted upon by compressed air bellows BG. In an advantageous embodiment it can be provided to set the pressure in the compressed air source for the bellows BG higher weight of said assembly higher than at lower weight of the assembly, whereby when using the same compressed air source for the Aktuatormodule advantageously automatically higher acceleration forces of the force generator RF are correlated with higher mass to be accelerated of said assembly.

The several force generators of the actuator module described are all aligned in the same direction, the vibrating plate RP on the cover plate DP to be moved. A return of the vibrating plate RP from the limited by the upper stops AO upper position in the rest position outlined in the figures can be done by external reset mechanisms, for example, only the weight of a part of an object. In a preferred embodiment, the provision of the vibrating plate RP from the end position with stop takes place the upper stops AO in the rest position by means of further force-generating elements which can be integrated in particular in the actuator module and sketched in a particularly advantageous embodiment as a fluid-filled, in particular filled with compressed air hollow body LB, in particular in the manner of an air bellows executed. In contrast to the force generators with the membranes ME causes in an air bellows in the sketched arrangement, the supply of compressed air to a generation of compressive forces, which shake plate RP and cover plate DP apart. The air bladder LB can have relatively large bearing surfaces to the base plate and cover plate. The supply of compressed air to the air bellows LG can take place via the same compressed air connection LI as the valve arrangements or as sketched via a separate compressed air connection Hl. The air bellows can also be connected in another version directly with the antechamber VK. The air bellows LB is preferably subjected to a constant fluid pressure or at most to a slowly varying fluid pressure.

In the actuator module UM illustrated in FIG. 9 in an oblique view and in various other views in FIGS. 10 to 15, some construction features of the above-described embodiment have been modified in order to illustrate possible conversions of the actuator module AM described in FIGS. 1 to 8. In particular, the actuator module shown in FIG. 9 is provided as unbalance vibrator, in which a massive unbalanced body KU is oscillatingly movable relative to the main body of the actuator module. The features of the various embodiments of the actuator modules can, as far as mutually exclusive, interchanged and combined to form other embodiments.

For the oscillating movement of the imbalance body KU relative to the main body of the actuator module, two groups of force generators are after the Membrane contraction principle provided, wherein a first group provided a tensile force for accelerating the imbalance body in a first direction and a second group of force generators for accelerating the imbalance body in the opposite direction. The two groups can be pressurized with compressed air.

The basic body of the actuator module again contains a baseplate GPU and a cover plate DPU fixedly connected thereto via spacer columns DSU, between which the unbalanced body KU is movably arranged. The unbalanced body KU can be centered transversely to its direction of movement via additional guide rods FSU and guides FKU arranged between the base plate and cover plate. To limit the movement of the imbalance body KU between cover plate and base plate, a stop arrangement with upper stops UO on the cover plate DPU and lower stops UU on the base plate GPU in cooperation with stop plates APU on the imbalance body KU can again be provided. The force generator MO of said first group are connected with first end connections EA1 fixed to the cover plate DPU and second connections EA2 with the unbalanced body KU as shown in FIG. 12 clearly visible and serve to move the unbalanced body of the base plate GPU away to the cover plate DPU out. The force generators MU of said second group are connected to the base plate GPU with first connections EA1 and to the unbalanced body KU with the remote second end connections EA2 and serve to move the imbalance body away from the cover plate DPU towards the base plate GPU, as shown in FIG 13 clearly visible. The force generator MO of the first group can be acted upon by compressed air via a first compressed air inlet 11, a first valve arrangement VA1 and a first connection bore BKO between the valve arrangement and the cavity of the force generator. About the connection holes BKO and outlet holes A1 can over the Valve arrangement VA1 Compressed air in time-variable control can be drained from the cavities of the power generator MO. The force generators MO of the second group are in a corresponding manner via a second compressed air inlet 12, a second valve assembly VA2 and communication bores BKU temporally controllable acted upon by compressed air. Compressed air can be discharged from the cavities of the second force generator MU into the outlet bore A1 via the connecting bores BKU and the valve arrangement VA2 in a time-variable manner. By controlling the valve assemblies VA1, VA2 in push-pull an oscillating movement of the unbalanced body between the extreme positions results, in which the stop plates APU abut against upper stops UO and lower stops UU. The oscillating movement of the imbalance body causes an oscillating displacement of the center of gravity of the entire actuator module. Such an oscillating displacement of the center of mass of the actuator module can be transmitted as a shaking excitation to an object, for which purpose the main body of the actuator module can be connected to an object. For this purpose, a mounting plate BPU is provided in the example sketched, which is firmly connected via spacers VS to the base plate BP. In the space between the mounting plate BPU and the base plate GPU, the valve arrangement VA2 is arranged protected. In order to connect the valve arrangements VA1, VA2, distributor plates VP1 or VP2 can again be provided, in which the connection bores and the compressed air inlet bores and compressed air outlet bores are produced.

In Fig. 16, another embodiment of a Rüttelaktuators using a force generator according to the membrane contraction principle is shown. FIG. 17 shows a cross section through FIG. 16 in a sectional plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the force generator. The force generator is fixedly connected to a base plate GPK via a first end connection EA1. The second, via the membrane ME from the first spaced end terminal EA2 in this case has no device for an external connection. Rather, a push rod DK is arranged in the interior of the membrane bounded by the cavity, which at the same time forms a gas volume reducing filling body FK. The push rod DK with the filling body FK is fixedly connected internally to the second end connection EA2 and passed through the first end connection EA1 with a sliding guide KF and a pressure-tight seal DD and protrudes beyond the base plate GPK with a free end. At the free end of the push rod, a knocking body KK is arranged with transverse dimensions that are substantially widespread relative to the push rod. In the laterally delimited by the membrane ME cavity of the sketched actuator, a compression spring RR is provided as a further force element for applying a restoring force. When the cavity of the force generator is acted upon by a compressed air connection LEK, the membrane ME widens laterally and pulls the second end connection EA2 in the direction of the first end connection EA1, as a result of which the knocking body KK can move away from the baseplate GPK and strike against an object. By the attack of the knocking body KK on an object vibrations are excited in the object, which can serve for various purposes. A reset of the tapping body KK in the rest position sketched in FIGS. 16 and 17 is effected via the compression spring RR, which on the one hand and on the other hand is supported on the step between the narrower section of the push rod DK and the filling body FK ,

In Fig. 20, a vibrator is sketched in particular for use in a molding machine of the type outlined in Fig. 18 or Fig. 19 using slotting actuators according to the invention in an oblique view and Fig. 21 in side view looking in the longitudinal direction of the blow bars and slats, wherein the vibrator the generation of shaking movements is replaced by the actuator modules AM in the arrangement of FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 and arranged elsewhere. The vibrator works on the principle of vertically swinging blow bars.

Vibrators with vertically swinging blow bars are known and used in molding machines for the production of concrete blocks. In such vibrators several parallel and spaced support strips TL are fixedly mounted on a foundation FU. On the gap to the support strips blow bars are arranged, which may be preferably connected to one another to a uniform blow bar arrangement. The blow bars can perform vertical shaking movements between a lower and an upper position under the action of a Rüttelaktuatoranordnung, the upwardly facing impact surfaces SF of the blow bars SL are in the lower position ES2 below and in the upper position ES1 above the support surfaces TF of the support strips TL , When located in the lower position blow bars is a stone board SB or arranged under this intermediate plate on the bearing surfaces of the support bars.

Fig. 20 shows an oblique view of a vibrating device for use in a molding machine, which operates according to the known per se principle of the blow bars. Fig. 21 shows an associated side view looking in the longitudinal direction of the blow bars. Fixed supports TL are arranged on a foundation and vertically movable blow bars SL are provided on the gap to the support strips. Such a structure is known in principle and in the so-called shock vibration in molding machines for the compaction of concrete blocks generally in use. About the support strips and blow bars a stone board, optionally placed with the interposition of an intermediate plate and during a shaking the blow bars moved periodically between an upper position and a lower position, wherein the upper bearing surfaces SF of the blow bars are in the upper position ES1 above and in the lower position ES2 below the upper bearing surfaces TF of the support bars. During the upward movement of the blow bars they hit the stone board or the intermediate plate from below, thus causing a high acceleration force on the stone board and the concrete quantity at short notice. During the subsequent movement of the blow bars downward, the rectified movement of the mold with concrete amount and stone board is abruptly decelerated when abutting the support strips, which in turn equals a high acceleration force on the concrete amount upwards. This principle of the blow bars is known per se. The blow bars can be interconnected to a forced uniformly moving arrangement. Typically, rubber bearings GL define a starting position in which the blow bars protrude slightly above the carrier strips. The rubber bearings GL at the same time ensure a substantially constant alignment of the blow bars in the horizontal direction.

In the sketched embodiment of the vibrator, the vertical movement of the blow bars SL takes place by means of actuator arrangements between the foundation FU and a blow bar arrangement with a plurality of interconnected blow bars. For this purpose, in turn, air bellows BZ and force generator RF of the type described are provided, wherein the air bellows BZ exert forces on the impact strip arrangement under preferably essentially constant pressure and the first force generators controllable by compressed air cause forces between the foundation and when compressed air is supplied Blow bars down, so that the blow bars are pulled with their playing surfaces as upper bearing surfaces SF under the bearing surfaces of the support strips and the stone board or an intermediate plate rests on the support strips. With venting of the force generator RF, the blow bar assembly is accelerated upward by the forces of the air bladder BZ, strikes with the Schlgflächen SF against the board or the intermediate plate and lifts it from the support bars by a small amount. Subsequently, the force generator RF are pressurized with compressed air and pull the support strips down so that the stone board or intermediate plate strike the support strips TL during the downward movement that takes place.

The rubber bearings GL are not mandatory in an excitation of the blow bars for vertical shaking movements, but can stabilize a rest position and a horizontal position of the blow bars and support the acceleration of the blow bar assembly by the force generator RF up and intercept the movement of the blow bar assembly down dampening. Air bellows BZ and force generator RF are connected in the sketched example via lower connecting plates V1 with the foundation and upper connecting plates V2 with the blow bar assembly.

In Fig. 22, a vibrator according to the blow bar principle with a different arrangement and in particular to Fig. 21 opposite direction of the forces of the force generator RF up and restoring forces of air bellows down is outlined. Between the foundation and the blow bar arrangement, a plurality of actuator modules AM of the type outlined in FIG. 1 with force generators RF and air bellows LB are arranged, which with a connection plate V3 corresponding to the base plate GP in FIG. 1 with the foundation and with a connection plate V4 can be mounted on the pressure rods RS of the actuator module according to FIG. 1, are connected to the blow bar arrangement. The rest position of the blow bars is in this case the lower position of the vibrating motion, which without pressurization of the first Force generator RF is taken under the weight of the blow bar assembly and the pressure of the air bladder LB.

Without loading the force generator, the vibrating plates RP of the Aktuatormodule and thus the connected via the pressure rods with these connecting plates V4 on the weight of the blow bar assembly and optionally on the downward force of the compressed air bladder in a lower position. If the force generators acted upon with compressed air, the connecting plates V4 and accelerated with them the blow bars from the lower position up and the beaters SL beat with their upwardly facing striking surfaces SF against resting on the support strips TL intermediate plate ZP and lift them from the Carrying rails off. In the process, a high acceleration acts on the intermediate plate as well as the stone board and the mixture in the mold cavities FN of the form FO in the short term. After venting the force generator, the mold FO with stone board and intermediate plate under its own weight and the various forces acting downwards in the molding machine forces including the forces of the air bladder LB is accelerated down. During the downward movement, the intermediate plate strikes the support surfaces TF of the stationary support ledges, which equates to an abrupt delay in the downward movement of an accelerating force on the concrete amount upwards. Advantageously, occur both when striking the blow bars from below against the intermediate plate as well as when striking the intermediate plate in the downward movement on the support strips against the Schlagfre- frequency as the fundamental frequency of the vibrating higher frequency components, which have an advantageous effect on the compression of the concrete amount.

The forces of the force generator RF and the air bladder LB do not act directly between the foundation and the blow bar arrangement or connecting plates V3 to the foundation and connecting plates V4 to the blow bar arrangement, but indirectly via cover plates DP and vibrating plates RP.

The arrangement of the pressurizable force generator in the sketched arrangement advantageously allows a high variability of the fundamental frequency of the vibrator by changing the time intervals between successive strokes of the force generator with compressed air. By duration of the application of force to the force with compressed air and / or by varying the pressure and / or possibly variable flow resistance in the compressed air supply lines, the intensity of the impacts and / or the degree of lifting of the intermediate plate can be influenced by the support strips and in particular to different application parameters, such Size of the shape and / or composition of the concrete amount in the mold cavities FN be adjusted.

The air bladder LB, which pull the connecting plate V4 and with this the blow bars down, is not mandatory for this application. The blow bars are also reliably pressed down by their own weight and by the pressure forces acting within the molding machine. But the air bellows ensure a defined starting position of the blow bar assembly before each re-admission of the force generator with compressed air. In this arrangement of the actuator modules, the vertical amplitude can be greater than the amount of movement ZR described with reference to FIG.

In Fig. 23, a vibrating table arrangement is sketched with vibration actuator arrangements according to the invention, wherein a vibrating table plate arranged above a foundation FU can be excited to vibrate via a plurality of actuator arrangements between the foundation and underside of the vibrating table plate. The vibrating table arrangement according to FIG. 23 can, for example, turn into a molding machine for the production of concrete blocks may be used, but can also be used advantageously for other applications. In the arrangement according to FIG. 23, which is shown in side view in FIG. 24, compressed-air-actuated force generators RF of the type described are again used in combination with longitudinally contracting membrane on the one hand and pneumatic bellows BZ pressurized on the other hand. In the sketched arrangement, the air bellows BZ exert an upward force on the table top. The air bellows BZ are preferably subjected to a substantially constant time pressure. With the forces exerted by the air bellows, the table top is lifted off the foundation. To limit the movement of the table top TP upwards a not marked with stop between the table top and the foundation or the table top and an external frame can be provided.

Upon application of the force generator RF with compressed air to practice these forces against the forces of the bellows downwardly directed vertical forces on the table top TP and pull them against the forces of the bellows down. The movement of the table top down is advantageously limited by stops between the table top and foundation, for which, for example, can be provided at the top of the underside of the table top facing surfaces of the foundation FU stop plates PP. The movement of the table top TP can also be made without a stop upwards and / or downwards, for which displacement sensors or position sensors for the vertical position of the table top TP are then advantageously provided relative to the foundation. A movement control can take place via the time-variable loading of the force generator RF via a control device using the sensor signals. FIG. 25 shows a further advantageous vibrating table arrangement, in which a vibrating table plate TP is arranged on a foundation FU via rubber bearings GP. Connected to the table top, preferably on the underside thereof, are actuator modules with vertically oscillatingly movable unbalanced masses, as described, for example, with reference to FIGS. 9 to 15. About the

Rubber bearing GP, the table top is mounted relative to the foundation to a limited extent movable. Upon excitation of the actuator modules UM and vertically oscillating movement of the imbalance masses in the actuator modules, the table top TP is excited to oscillate with the housings of the actuator modules UM. Due to the variable controllability of the actuator modules various forms of vibration, even unbalanced waveforms can be realized. In the case of movement stops for the imbalance masses present within the actuator modules, higher frequencies than the fundamental oscillation of the oscillating movement of the imbalance masses for the movement of the table top TP can also be generated in a simple manner.

FIG. 26 shows a further advantageous example of an application of a vibration actuator arrangement according to the invention in a test device for vehicles. A vehicle FZ is this, preferably without wheels, with the hubs NA all four wheel connections via connecting elements VF with

Schwingungsaktuatoranordnungen AF of the type described connected. The Schwingungsaktuatoranordnungen AF are based on a considered as fixed foundation FU. The use of the described force generators with the longitudinally contracting diaphragm in the vibration actuator modules AF makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner, in conjunction with the suspension of the vehicle at the wheel connections, to simulate driving situations in a realistic manner, the use of the described force generators particularly favoring the use of high forces over a wide frequency range and the suspension at the hubs na- can be any desired uniform movements or rotating movements about the main axes of the vehicle, combined, or can also represent torsions of the vehicle. The application of the described force generator in a test device according to FIG. 26 is also particularly advantageous without the special design of the actuator modules AF in the manner of the exemplary embodiments described.

The features indicated above and in the claims, as well as the features which can be seen in the figures, can advantageously be implemented individually as well as in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge. In particular, the individual design features of the various embodiments may be interchangeable, for example, the manner of generating counter-forces against the tensile forces of the force according to the membrane contraction principle, the types of compressed air supply and discharge, the structure of the body of an actuator module, the type of power transmission Force shake or imbalance, etc.

Claims

Claims:

1. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung with at least one force generator with two spaced apart in a longitudinal direction and relatively movable end terminals (EA1, EA2), characterized in that the

Force generator has a cavity transverse to the longitudinal direction limiting flexible membrane (ME), that means are provided for time-varying supply of a pressurized fluid in the cavity, that the membrane is laterally transverse to the longitudinal direction expandable by fluid flowing into the cavity and thereby a längskontrak - effecting force between the two end connections.

2. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a base body (GP, DP) and a relative to this vibratory movements excitable vibration body (RP) and the force generator, each having an end terminal (EA1, EA2) is connected to the base body and vibration body ,

3. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 2, marked thereby, that at least the main body has means for attachment to an object.

4. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains a plurality of similar force generator.

5. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 4, characterized in that a first group of mutually rectified force generators (MO) and a second group of mutually equal and the force generators (MU) of the first group counteracting force generators is provided.

6. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 4, characterized marked, that all force generators are arranged to act with respect to each other rectified.

7. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one further force-generating element (LB) is present, which counteracts a force caused by the force generator movement.

8. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 7, characterized in that the further force-generating element contains a fluid-filled further hollow body (LB).

9. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluid pressure in the other hollow body is variably predetermined.

10. Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in a supply line for the supply of fluid in the hollow body of the force generator, a valve assembly (VA) is inserted.

11.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 10, characterized in that the valve arrangement includes at least one switching valve.

12.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that on the valve assembly and the fluid outlet from the hollow body is controllable.

13.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that in the valve arrangement, a plurality of valves are arranged in parallel.

14.A vibration actuator assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a distributor plate (VP) is inserted with a plurality of bores between fluid inlets of the force generator and valve assembly.

15.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to any one of claims 2 to 14, character- ized in that the movement of the vibrating body relative to the base body in at least one direction of movement by a stop (AO, AU) is limited.

16.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a sensor arrangement for determining a

Characteristic of the vibration movement is provided.

17.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 16, characterized in that a push rod (DK) from one end terminal (EA2) through the cavity and the other end terminal (EA1) passes through to the outside. i δ.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to claim 17, characterized in that the end of the push rod with a knocking body (KK) is provided.

19.Schwingungsaktuatoranordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that within the cavity on the membrane in longitudinal action extending spring (RR) is arranged.

20.A vibration actuator assembly according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that within the cavity, a filler body is arranged, which is connected to one of the two end connections and spaced in the longitudinal direction of the other end terminal and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the membrane.