WO2008033139A1 - Transducteur de pression permettant de mesurer le déplacement d'un broyeur hydraulique et de déterminer le module de granulats lors du compactage - Google Patents

Transducteur de pression permettant de mesurer le déplacement d'un broyeur hydraulique et de déterminer le module de granulats lors du compactage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008033139A1
WO2008033139A1 PCT/US2006/035994 US2006035994W WO2008033139A1 WO 2008033139 A1 WO2008033139 A1 WO 2008033139A1 US 2006035994 W US2006035994 W US 2006035994W WO 2008033139 A1 WO2008033139 A1 WO 2008033139A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
displacement instrument
pressure transducer
recited
aggregate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/035994
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles C. Conner
Original Assignee
Conner Charles C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conner Charles C filed Critical Conner Charles C
Priority to PCT/US2006/035994 priority Critical patent/WO2008033139A1/fr
Publication of WO2008033139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008033139A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring instrument and more specifically to an instrument for measuring the density or modulus of material that has been subjected to compression forces.
  • One of these properties is the soil “modulus,” which relates deformation of the soil to an applied load that causes the deformation. Modulus is a very significant engineering property for designing floor slabs on- grade and footings, and for estimating settlements.
  • index Tests are typically relatively slow and costly, a number of faster and less costly "Index Tests" have been developed over the years which enable the designer to estimate the engineering properties he needs based on correlations with various index test results.
  • Typical index tests include moisture content, density, various penetration tests, and others. Due to the variations in soils in nature, and inherent difficulties in correlating index test results to soil type, the estimation of a modulus value for a given soil based on index tests can result in a crude approximation at best. Hence, designs based either primarily or solely on estimating modulus from index tests must include relatively large factors of safety in order to, hopefully, account for errors in the correlations.
  • the instrument described herein measures the aggregate modulus layer by layer as the pier is built.
  • the instrument will measure displacements along a prescribed axis on any vector, individually and/or collectively.
  • the instrument transforms these displacements into electric signals suitable for processing. Processing and/or calibrating these signals provides an avenue to measure a variety of functions dynamically, including but not limited to, modulus, density, penetration, etc.
  • the modulus may be determined by measuring the displacement of the tool used to apply the force.
  • the axis of the applied force delivered by an appropriate tool to the aggregate is vertical therefore the measurement of the vertical displacement of the tool is directly related to the modulus of the aggregate. This procedure maintains a uniform modulus throughout the pier and throughout all of the piers of the project. This method will eliminate the approximation procedures of the present construction process.
  • Fig. 1 is a front perspective view of the novel displacement instrument
  • Fig. 2 shows the displacement instrument mounted on the hydraulic breaker assembly of a crane
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front elevation view of the displacement instrument with the front cover plate removed;
  • Fig. 4 shows the electrical circuitry for the pressure transducer mounted on the printed circuit board
  • Fig. 5 shows the electrical circuitry on the printed circuit board for the voltage regulator that is connected to the pressure transducer;
  • Fig. 6 is a voltage output signal from the displacement instrument;
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the pressure transducer connected to a computer by electrical wires.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment block diagram showing a wireless electrical connection between the pressure transducer and a computer.
  • the novel displacement instrument will now be described by referring to Figs. 1-8 of the drawings.
  • the displacement instrument is generally designated numeral 10.
  • Fig. 1 shows the displacement instrument 10 having a housing or casing formed from a front cover plate wall 12, a rear plate wall 13, a top plate wall 14, a bottom plate wall 15, a left side plate wall 16 and a right side plate 17.
  • the respective plates have a thickness in the order of 3/8 inch although they could be either thicker or thinner.
  • the plates would normally be made from aluminum or a steel alloy, although other materials could be used.
  • the respective plate members are connected to each other by bolts 20.
  • the housing casing illustrated has an approximate width of 4 inches, an approximate depth of 4 inches and a height of approximately 10 inches. These dimensions are not critical and larger or smaller dimensions might be used in different applications.
  • a crane 24 is illustrated in Fig. 2 having an articulated boom 26 having a hydraulic system that powers hydraulic breaker 28.
  • Hydraulic breaker 28 has side plates 29 and 30 and displacement instrument 10 would be fastened to side plate 29 by removable bolts.
  • a shaft 32 extends downwardly from hydraulic breaker 28 and it has a Y-axis with a wedge-platen or disc 34 on its bottom end. Platen 34 would be driven downwardly in a reciprocating motion approximately 4 times per second to tamp the aggregate to its proper density or modulus.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front elevation view of the displacement instrument 10 with front cover 12 removed. Threaded bolt apertures 36 show where bolts 20 have been removed in taking off front cover 12. Threaded bolt apertures 38 in rear plate wall 13 are used for attaching the housing or casing to side plate 29 of the hydraulic breaker 28.
  • a center support plate 40 extends fully between front plate wall 12 and rear plate wall 13 to form an upper chamber 42 and a lower chamber 44. Center support plate 40 has a centrally located bore hole 46 that passes entirely through its thickness. Bore hole 46 has internal threads 47 at its top end and internal threads 48 at its bottom end.
  • An air cylinder 50 has a tubular bottom end with external threads that are screwed into internal threads 47 of bore hole 46.
  • a piston 51 having a piston rod 52 is reciprocally movable upwardly and downwardly in air cylinder 50.
  • a connector 54 is threaded on the top end of rod 52. The top end of connector 54 is threaded into a cylindrical mass 56.
  • Mass 56 is made of metal material and in this embodiment it is made of brass.
  • Three vertically oriented guide pins/or rods 59 are equally spaced around mass 56 and have their bottom ends screwed into threaded bores in the top of center support plate 40. Only one of the guide pin/rods 59 is shown for clarity. Each guide pin/rod 59 has a neck portion 60 upon which the outer periphery of mass 56 slides upwardly and downwardly. Shoulder 62 provides a bottom limit stop for mass 56 as it travels downwardly.
  • a tubular connector plug 64 has its top end screwed into the internal threads 48 of bore hole 46.
  • An air tube 66 is clamped onto the bottom end of connector plug 64.
  • Air tube 66 is made of flexible material such as medical tubing.
  • the bottom end of air tube 66 is clamped onto the top end of tubular air inlet 68 of air pressure transducer 70.
  • Air pressure transducer 70 is mounted on the printed circuit board 72 and floats freely within lower chamber 44 without being restricted in any lateral direction.
  • Center support plate 40 serves as an umbilical and mounting plate for the air cylinder 50 and air tube 66, which is connected to the air pressure transducer 70.
  • Air tube 66 is flexible and serves as a shock mounting for the circuit board 72.
  • Wires 73 extend from transducer circuit board 72 and their purpose will be described later.
  • the displacement instrument is firmly mounted on hydraulic braker 28 whose movement along a prescribed Y-axis is to be measured. As the device is moved abruptly downward along the Y-axis, mass 56 initially because of inertia remains in its vertical position until platen 34 strikes the aggregate now being compressed.
  • the piston is driven downwardly and compresses the air below it within the air chamber producing an electrical signal whose voltage output amplitude is proportional to the pressure within the air chamber.
  • the piston will automatically return to its initial position because the compressed air that has been pushed into the transducer will automatically push the piston upwardly.
  • the mass 56 applies 3000 psi to the shaft 32 of the hydraulic breaker 28.
  • the crane operator pre-loads the shaft by bringing the crane up on its rear end. This pre-loads the hydraulic breaker to 12,000 psi so that when the tamper platen 34 hits the aggregate it has a force of 15,000 psi force driving it into the aggregate. Platen 34 is being driven downwardly 4 times per second.
  • This output voltage is illustrated in an output signal such as illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • the hydraulic breaker will be automatically shut off since the aggregate has reached its full compression.
  • the displacement instrument is thus making a measurement that gives us an electrical pulse which equates to the amount of force that is applied to the aggregate.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show the electronic circuitry mounted on circuit boards 72.
  • Pressure transducer 70 has its output voltage applied to R2, C3 and Ul. Ul is an operational amplifier which gives you unity out versus unity in. In other words if you put 100 millivolts in, you get 100 millivolts out. Its only function is to transfer the impedance. It has a very high impedance output of 56K. This means that it has a very low current input. The output has 75 ohms so there is a high output current.
  • R2 and C3 perform signal shaping, noise reduction and some impedance adjustment to the output of pressure transducer 70 to the input of Ul. Ul is a linear gain operational amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance where voltage in is equal to voltage out.
  • VDD is the supply voltage in Fig. 4. That is the supply that comes from the voltage regulator U2 in Fig. 5. This is a 5-volt supply.
  • the VCC is the input voltage in Fig. 5. It comes in at 12 volts and goes out at 5 volts from U2.
  • Jl is simply a connector to the printed circuit board. The J2 connector is the electrical signal output to the computer.
  • Pressure transducer 70 is pressured by mass 56 falling and this is the output that goes into one side of the operation output amplifier Ul. This is a linear function device.
  • Fig. 6 represents voltage impulse signal that is produced each time platen 34 strikes the aggregate.
  • the voltage amplitude decreases each time because the mass is moving less distance each successive strike so there is less compressed air and there is less voltage output.
  • the system is working to until the voltage output gets down to about 250 mmv before it turns off.
  • the original output is clamped at 1.2 volts.
  • About 220millivolts gives a modulus of 350-400. When it is desired to obtain a certain modulus, the voltage used can be set up accordingly.
  • Penetration is checked on each hole and it is measured after each new 12-18 inches of aggregate is put into the hole. If a 300 modulus is desired, the instrument can be set up to stop when the 300 modulus is reached.
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the displacement instrument connected by an electrical wire to a computer.
  • Fig. 10 is a wireless embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

Instrument de mesure de déplacement susceptible d'être utilisé pour mesurer la densité ou le module d'un pilier en granulats sur lequel un bâtiment à étages ou un parking peut être édifié. Les piliers en granulats présentent souvent une profondeur d'au moins 35 pieds. Ces piliers en granulats sont construits en ajoutant et en pilonnant successivement des couches d'environ 12 à 18 pouces de granulats dans le trou formant chaque pilier. Chaque couche de granulat est pilonnée ou percutée par une force supérieure ou égale à environ 15000 psi. L'instrument de mesure de déplacement permet de construire des piliers de granulats dont la densité ou le module est uniforme du bas en haut du trou. L'instrument de mesure du déplacement est monté sur la plaque latérale d'un broyeur hydraulique monté à l'extrémité d'une flèche d'une grue. L'instrument de mesure de déplacement ne doit pas être monté à demeure sur le côté du broyeur hydraulique, mais peut être librement démonté et installé sur une autre grue.
PCT/US2006/035994 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Transducteur de pression permettant de mesurer le déplacement d'un broyeur hydraulique et de déterminer le module de granulats lors du compactage WO2008033139A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/035994 WO2008033139A1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Transducteur de pression permettant de mesurer le déplacement d'un broyeur hydraulique et de déterminer le module de granulats lors du compactage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2006/035994 WO2008033139A1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2006-09-15 Transducteur de pression permettant de mesurer le déplacement d'un broyeur hydraulique et de déterminer le module de granulats lors du compactage

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102680291A (zh) * 2012-04-25 2012-09-19 西南科技大学 电磁控制的土样压实装置
CN103308296A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2013-09-18 上海市质量监督检验技术研究院 新型的箱包拉杆疲劳试验机

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995721A (en) * 1958-09-22 1961-08-08 Statham Instrument Inc Transducer
US3195354A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-07-20 Donald R Douslin Inclined-piston dead-weight pressure gauge
US4219776A (en) * 1978-08-25 1980-08-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for measuring in situ density and fabric of soils
US4315429A (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-02-16 Morozov Viktor N Method of determining deformation characteristics of construction materials and soil
US4586366A (en) * 1984-03-14 1986-05-06 Milberger Lionel J Method and apparatus for measuring driving resistance and velocity of piles during driving
US5168938A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-12-08 Kabushikikaisha Takahashi Engineering Pile driver
US5249892A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-10-05 Fox Nathaniel S Short aggregate piers and method and apparatus for producing same
US6533502B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2003-03-18 University Of Florida Wireless apparatus and method for analysis of piles
US6604432B1 (en) * 1996-02-01 2003-08-12 Bbn Corporation Soil compaction measurement
US6912903B2 (en) * 1996-02-01 2005-07-05 Bbnt Solutions Llc Soil compaction measurement
US20050199045A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-15 The Texas A&M University System Briaud compaction device
US7073374B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-07-11 Bbnt Solutions Llc Soil compaction measurement on moving platform
US7107159B2 (en) * 2004-03-29 2006-09-12 Peter Thomas German Systems and methods to determine elastic properties of materials

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995721A (en) * 1958-09-22 1961-08-08 Statham Instrument Inc Transducer
US3195354A (en) * 1963-02-28 1965-07-20 Donald R Douslin Inclined-piston dead-weight pressure gauge
US4219776A (en) * 1978-08-25 1980-08-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for measuring in situ density and fabric of soils
US4315429A (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-02-16 Morozov Viktor N Method of determining deformation characteristics of construction materials and soil
US4586366A (en) * 1984-03-14 1986-05-06 Milberger Lionel J Method and apparatus for measuring driving resistance and velocity of piles during driving
US5168938A (en) * 1990-03-29 1992-12-08 Kabushikikaisha Takahashi Engineering Pile driver
US5249892A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-10-05 Fox Nathaniel S Short aggregate piers and method and apparatus for producing same
US6604432B1 (en) * 1996-02-01 2003-08-12 Bbn Corporation Soil compaction measurement
US6912903B2 (en) * 1996-02-01 2005-07-05 Bbnt Solutions Llc Soil compaction measurement
US6533502B2 (en) * 2001-04-17 2003-03-18 University Of Florida Wireless apparatus and method for analysis of piles
US7073374B2 (en) * 2003-07-30 2006-07-11 Bbnt Solutions Llc Soil compaction measurement on moving platform
US20050199045A1 (en) * 2004-03-02 2005-09-15 The Texas A&M University System Briaud compaction device
US7107159B2 (en) * 2004-03-29 2006-09-12 Peter Thomas German Systems and methods to determine elastic properties of materials

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102680291A (zh) * 2012-04-25 2012-09-19 西南科技大学 电磁控制的土样压实装置
CN102680291B (zh) * 2012-04-25 2014-10-22 西南科技大学 电磁控制的土样压实装置
CN103308296A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2013-09-18 上海市质量监督检验技术研究院 新型的箱包拉杆疲劳试验机

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