WO2008025185A2 - Procédé de culture de riz permettant d'obtenir un effet d'hétérosis - Google Patents

Procédé de culture de riz permettant d'obtenir un effet d'hétérosis Download PDF

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WO2008025185A2
WO2008025185A2 PCT/CN2006/002143 CN2006002143W WO2008025185A2 WO 2008025185 A2 WO2008025185 A2 WO 2008025185A2 CN 2006002143 W CN2006002143 W CN 2006002143W WO 2008025185 A2 WO2008025185 A2 WO 2008025185A2
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rice
hybridization
backcrossing
plant
ear
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PCT/CN2006/002143
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Fudong Liao
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Fudong Liao
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • the invention belongs to the field of utilization of rice heterosis, and in particular to the invention relates to a hybrid breeding method for rice plant reproductive fixation.
  • Rice is one of the largest cereal crops in China and one of the most important. With the increase of the population of China and the reduction of cultivated land area, the cultivation of ordinary rice is far from meeting the needs of China's grain production. Therefore, increasing the output per unit area has become the only way to increase grain output. The cultivation of new varieties with greater potential for increased production is a cost-effective technical approach to increase unit area production.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a breeding heterosis for super high-yielding rice trees by utilizing a combination of favorable traits and heterosis-related advantages of high yield. Breeding methods.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid breeding method for rice plant reproductive fixation, comprising the following steps: using Guyou 18 as a female parent, using wild mountain flower rice as a male parent for hybridization, planting hybrid offspring, artificial emasculation, using wild mountain flower rice pollen Artificial pollination for backcrossing, selecting a single plant with 2 ears, mixing and retaining seeds, and planting the next year, artificially emasculation, collecting the same amount of wild mountain flower rice and sorghum variety broom sorghum two pollen artificial pollination Hybridization, selecting a tall plant, a single plant with 3-4 ears and large ears, mixing and retaining seeds, planting the next year, artificially emasculation, collecting the same amount of wild mountain flower rice, sorghum variety broom sorghum and corn variety
  • the number of backcrosses is 1 or 2 times.
  • the time for the hybridization and backcrossing is 9:00-10:30 am.
  • the temperature of the hybridization and backcrossing is 31-36 ° C when planted in early rice.
  • the temperature of the hybridization and backcrossing was 27-33 ° C when planted in late rice.
  • paper bags For each hybridization and backcrossing, paper bags should be placed to prevent sunlight, and the paper bag should be opened at night for ventilation, 30 days of harvesting, and dried for the next generation of planting.
  • the ideal plant type is the best combination of various beneficial traits related to the high yield of rice under specific ecological conditions. Heterosis utilization is achieved by the complementation of the beneficial traits of the parents to obtain the best combination. Therefore, the combination of ideal plant type and superior utilization can complement each other.
  • China's super rice research is the result of further development of the ideal plant type breeding and heterosis utilization of rice in China. Therefore, the study of heterosis utilization based on the ideal plant type breeding results is one of the effective ways of super rice breeding.
  • the invention aims to breed the rice variety ASEAN No. 1 (code 0636) with a high yield per unit area by utilizing the combination of favorable traits and heterosis related to high yield. The variety grows fast and has strong tillering power.
  • alfalfa air branching
  • the pitch of each knot is 10 -12 cm
  • the branch length is 1.5-1.8 meters
  • the main stalk height is 1.8-2.0 meters.
  • the average number of tillers per plant was 18, and each spike had 5 spikes.
  • the average ear length is 33 cm, and each ear is generally 332-340.
  • the current total stalk is 1700
  • the 1000-grain weight is about 28 grams
  • the output per 667 square meters is generally above 1100 kg
  • the high-yield field can reach 1300 kg.
  • the successful breeding of this hybrid rice has increased rice yield by 37.5%.
  • the variety can be grown in different locations and climates, and can be planted in dry land or in paddy fields. It can be planted as early rice, medium rice or late rice in three seasons a year, with high yield and multi-resistance.
  • Guyou 18 is a new breed of apomictic hybrid late rice that was developed by Chen Jiansan, a researcher at the Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and a research institute for improved crops in Wuxue City, Hubei Republic in 2001.
  • the characteristic characteristics and cultivation points are disclosed on page 12 of the 20th issue.
  • the variety has the characteristics of high quality, early maturity, high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, and can retain rice seeds for years.
  • the variety has high tillering power and high earing rate. Generally, it is planted in a single field for two nights.
  • the effective ear of the plant is 15-20 ears, and up to 30 ears. Each ear usually has 250-350 tablets, and the seed setting rate is over 90%.
  • the weight of 1000 grains is about 27 grams, the output per 667 square meters is generally more than 500 kilograms, and the high yield field can reach 700 kilograms. Its grain is slender and yellow, the rice is completely transparent, and there is no white belly and white, and the appearance is excellent. The rice is soft and not sticky, and the palatability is good.
  • the variety was planted for two nights in the Yangtze River Basin, with a total growth period of 115-118 days. It can be used as a season of late rice cultivation in the Huanghuai River Basin. After years of introduction, the variety is highly resistant to rice planthoppers and aphids, and is not susceptible to disease at the seedling stage, and susceptible to rice blast and sheath blight in the middle and late stages.
  • the wild mountain flower rice was discovered by the breeder in January 1998 at the mountainside road in the Meishan District of Gaoshan, Guangdong province. Its characteristics are similar to those of wild hemp, which can grow all year round.
  • the plant is up to 3 meters long, the leaves are up to 2 meters long, the leaf diameter is 4 centimeters, the stem diameter is 3 centimeters, the stems are hard, the four seasons grow fine and small grain ears, black shell White grain, resistant to pests and diseases, lodging resistance. .
  • the broom sorghum is a sorghum variety cultivated by the Institute of Sorghum of the Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety has been widely promoted and has been published on page 11 of the 20th issue of Seeds, published in 2006. Due to its many branches and strong toughness, this variety is an ideal raw material for making brooms. Its ear size is large, and the seed yield is high. The output per 667 square meters is generally about 400 kilograms. The sorghum flour after processing the grain is red, the cockroach is excellent, and the liquor yield is higher than that of rice. This variety can Self-cultivation.
  • Nongda 108 was bred by China Agricultural University in 1991 and approved by the Beijing Handan and Hebei Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 1997.
  • the breeding method of Nongda 108 was applied for the invention patent entitled "A Breeding Method of a Corn Hybrid" on April 2, 1997, and was issued on August 29, 2001, with the announcement No. CN1070020C.
  • the variety is about 120 days in the spring sowing period in Beijing.
  • the plant height is 260 cm
  • the ear height is 110 cm
  • the ear length is 20 cm
  • the ear is 4.9 cm thick
  • the number of rows of panicles is 16-18 rows
  • the number of grains is 40
  • the weight of the grain is 300 g
  • the grain type is half dent
  • the texture is semi-hard.
  • the leaves are wide and the color is thick.
  • the leaves below the ear are flat, and the leaves above the ear are rushed.
  • the root system is developed, the stem is tough, and it has strong resistance to lodging, drought, suffocation and tolerance. It has strong resistance to many diseases such as large and small leaf spot, smut, brown spot and bacterial wilt, and it is mature and green.
  • the super-high-yielding rice varieties bred by the breeding method of the invention have fast growth and strong tillering ability, and can be divided into alfalfa (air branching), that is, a multi-ear, high yield, and multi-anti-resistance, which can be called rice tree.
  • alfalfa air branching
  • the successful breeding of this hybrid rice has increased rice yield in China by 37.5%.
  • the variety can grow in different locations and climates, and can be grown in dry land or in paddy fields.
  • the plants with tall plants, one 3-4 ears, and large ears are selected and mixed.
  • the seeds were planted in the previous year, and the wild mountain flower rice (code 98-01), the sorghum variety broom sorghum and the corn variety Nongda 108 were used as the paternal backcross twice.
  • the time of the second backcross was 9: 00, the temperature of the hybridization is 27 ° C, and the plant is tall, a single plant with 5 spikes and large ears is mixed, and the seed is mixed.
  • 60 strains were planted, and 4 generations were added in 2004-2006. 60 strains were inspected each year to observe the stability of other agronomic traits.
  • the super-high-yielding rice variety ASEAN with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits was selected. No. (code 0636).
  • paper bags For each hybridization and backcrossing, paper bags should be placed to prevent sunlight, and the paper bag should be opened at night for ventilation, 30 days of harvesting, and dried for the next generation of planting.
  • the present invention provides a breeding method for breeding reproductive heterosis of super-high-yielding rice trees by utilizing a combination of advantageous traits related to high yield and utilization of hybrids.
  • the super-high-yielding rice varieties bred by the breeding method of the invention have fast growth and strong tillering ability, and can be divided into alfalfa (air branching), that is, a multi-ear, high yield, and multi-anti-resistance, which may be called rice tree. .
  • alfalfa air branching
  • the successful breeding of this hybrid rice has increased rice yield in China by 37.5%.
  • the variety can grow in different locations and climates, and can be grown in dry land or in paddy fields.

Description

—种水稻树生殖固定杂种优势的育种方法 技术领域
本发明属于水稻杂种优势利用领域,具体地说本发明是一种水稻 树生殖固定杂种优势育种方法。
背景技术
水稻是我国种植面积最大的谷类作物之一,也是最主要的粮食之 一。 随着我国人口数量的增加, 耕地面积的减少, 普通水稻的种植已 远远不能满足我国粮食生产的需要,所以提高单位面积产量成为增加 粮食产量的必由之路。而培育增产潜力更大的新品种则是提高单位面 积产量的一条经济有效的技术途径。
建国以来, 我国水稻育种经历了两次重大突破。 一是 50年代末 至 60年代初矮秆育种的突破, 使水稻产量提高了 20 ~ 30%。 二是 70 年代杂交水稻的选育成功,使水稻产量又提高了 20%。杂交水稻突破 了自花授扮作物杂种优势利用的难关,推动了杂种优势更广泛的研究 和利用。 杂交水稻的优势主要表现在根系发达、 植株生长旺盛, 穗大 粒多, 并具有较广泛的适应性, 这些无疑都是杂交水稻高产的原因所 在。 进入 80年代以来, 无论是常规稻还是杂交稻的产量, 均出现了 徘徊局面。 1981年日本首次提出水稻超高产育种, 1989年国际水稻 研究所正式开展水稻超高产育种研究,我国于 1996年启动了"中国超 级稻育种 "计划, 釆用理想株型塑造籼与粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结 合、 兼顾提高品质与抗性的技术路线, 经过全国广大科研工作者的协 作攻关, 于 2000年实现了平均 667平方米产量达到 700公斤的第一 期目标, 并提前一年于 2004年在湖南实现了平均 667平方米产量达 到 800公斤的第二期目标。 并提出了我国超级稻要实现 2010年平均 667平方米产量达到 900公斤的第三期目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种通过利用与丰产性有关的有利性状和 杂种优势利用相结合的途径,选育超高产水稻树生殖固定杂种优势的 育种方法。
本发明一种水稻树生殖固定杂种优势育种方法, 包括如下步骤: 用固优 18号作母本, 用野生山花稻作父本进行杂交, 种植杂交后代, 人工去雄, 用野生山花稻的花粉人工授粉进行回交, 选择一支 2穗的 单株, 混收留种, 下一年种植后, 人工去雄, 釆集等量的野生山花稻 和高粱品种扫帚高粱两个品种的花粉人工授粉进行杂交,选择植株高 大、.一支 3-4穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留种, 下一年种植后, 人工去雄, 采集等量的野生山花稻、高粱品种扫帚高粱和玉米品种农大 108三个 品种的花粉人工授粉进行杂交后, 进行回交, 选择植株高大、 一支 5 穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留种, 种植回交后代, 并加代选择符合目标性 状的单株, 获得农艺性状稳定的超高产水稻品种。
其中所述回交的次数是 1次或 2次。
其中所述杂交和回交的时间是上午 9 : 00-10: 30。
其中所述杂交和回交的温度, 在作早稻种植时为 31-36°C。
其中所述杂交和回交的温度, 在作晚稻种植时为 27-33°C。
每次杂交和回交时, 均要套纸袋, 防止阳光照射, 晚上打开纸袋 通风, 30天收割保管, 晒干备用下一代种植。
理想株型是水稻在特定的生态条件下与丰产性有关的各种有利 性状的最佳组配。杂种优势利用则是通过双亲有利性状的互补获得最 佳的组合。 因此, 理想株型与优势利用相结合, 可以相得益彰。 事实 上,中国超级稻研究正是我国水稻理想株型育种和杂种优势利用进一 步深入发展的结果。 因此, 在理想株型育种成果的基础上进行杂种优 势利用研究, 是超级稻育种的有效途径之一。本发明就是通过利用与 丰产性有关的有利性状和杂种优势利用相结合的途径,选育出单位面 积产量超高的水稻品种东盟一号 (代号 0636 )。 该品种生长快, 分蘖 力强, 可在蘖中分蘖(空中分蘖), 即一支多穗, 可称作水稻树。 每 节蘖间距为 10 -12厘米, 分支蘖长 1.5-1.8米, 主秆高度 1.8-2.0米, 每株平均分蘖数 18个, 每蘖 5穗, 株有效穗达 90穗。 平均穗长 33 厘米, 每穗一般 332-340粒, 实际上目前一支秆总穗为 1700粒, 千 粒重 28克左右, 每 667平方米产量一般在 1100公斤以上, 高产田块 可达 1300公斤。该杂交水稻的选育成功,使水稻产量又提高了 37.5%。 该品种可在不同的地点和气候下生长, 可在旱地, 也可在水田种植; 可作早稻、 中稻或晚稻一年三季种植, 其产量高, 且多抗。
固优 18号是由中国农科院农作物研究所陈建三研究员和湖北省 武穴市农作物良种研究所于 2001年培育出的一个无融合生殖杂交晚 稻新品种, 已在 2006年出版的 《种子通》 总第 20期第 12页上公开 了其特征特性及栽培要点。 该品种具有质优、 早熟、 高产、 抗病虫害 等特性, 可以连年自留稻种。 该品种具有高分蘖力和高成穗率。 一般 作二晚大田单本栽插, 株有效穗达 15-20穗, 最多可达 30穗。 每穗 一般 250-350粒, 结实率 90%以上。 千粒重 27克左右, 每 667平方 米产量一般在 500公斤以上, 高产田块可达 700公斤。其谷粒细长黄 亮, 米粒全透明, 无腹白心白, 外观极佳。 米饭松软不粘, 适口性好。 该品种在长江流域作二晚种植, 全生育期 115-118天。 在黄淮流域可 作一季晚稻种植。 经多年引种, 该品种高抗稻飞虱 、 螟虫, 苗期不 易感病, 中后期轻感稻瘟病和紋枯病。
野生山花稻是育种人于 1998年 1月在广东省高州巿山美区山边 公路旁发现的。 其特征与野麻芒相似, 一年四季均可生长, 株高达 3 米, 叶片长达 2米, 叶片直径 4厘米, 茎秆直径 3厘米, 茎秆坚硬, 四季长出丝细小谷穗, 黑壳白粒, 抗病虫害、 抗倒伏。 .
扫帚高粱是山西省农业科学院高粱研究所育成的高粱品种。该品 种已经广泛推广, 并已在 2006年出版的 《种子通》 总第 20期第 11 页上公开了。 该品种因分枝多, 枝秆坚韧性好, 是制作扫帚的理想原 材料。 其穗大、 产籽量高, 每 667平方米产量一般 400公斤左右, 籽 粒加工后的高粱面粉为红色, 糯性极好, 出酒率高于稻谷。 该品种可 自留种种植。
农大 108由中国农业大学于 1991年育成, 1997年通过北京巿、 河北省品种审定委员会审定。 农大 108的选育方法已于 1997年 4月 2曰申请了发明名称为 "一种玉米杂交种的选育方法" 的发明专利, 并巳于 2001年 8月 29日授权公告, 公告号 CN1070020C。 该品种在 北京地区春播生育期 120天左右。 株高 260厘米, 穗位高 110厘米, 穗长 20厘米, 穗粗 4.9厘米, 穗粒行数 16-18行, 行粒数 40粒, 千 粒重 300克, 粒型半马齿, 质地半硬。 叶宽直, 色浓, 穗位以下叶片 平展,穗位以上叶片上冲。根系发达, 茎秆坚韧, 具有较强的抗倒伏、 耐旱、 耐涝、 耐贫瘠能力。 对大、 小叶斑病、 黑穗病、 褐斑病、 青枯 病等多种病害都具有较强的抗性, 活秧成熟, 保绿性好。
本发明的优点和积极效果为:
本发明的育种方法所选育出的超高产水稻品种生长快, 分蘖力 强, 可在蘖中分蘖(空中分蘖), 即一支多穗, 产量高, 且多抗, 可 称作水稻树。 该杂交水稻的选育成功, 使我国水稻产量又提高了 37.5%。 该品种可在不同的地点和气候下生长, 可在旱地, 也可在水 田种植生长。
附图说明
图 1 水稻树生殖固定杂种优势育种过程的系谱图
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,并不因此将本发明限 制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例 1
1998年用固优 18号 (代号 98-9718 )作母本, 用错期 6 个月后 播种的野生山花稻 (代号 9S-01 )作父本进行杂交, 杂交的时间是上 午 9 : 00, 杂交的温度是 36°C , 获得 30粒杂交种子。 1999年种植 30 株, 人工去雄后, 用野生山花稻 (代号 98-01 ) 的花粉人工授粉进行 回交, 回交的时间是上午 10 : 30, 杂交的温度是 31°C , 选择一支 2 穗的单株, 混收留种。 2000年种植 3000株, 人工去雄后, 采集等量 的野生山花稻 (代号 98-01 )和高粱品种扫帚高粱的花粉人工授粉进 行杂交, 杂交的时间是上午 10 : 00, 杂交的温度是 30°C , 选择植株 高大、 一支 3-4穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留种。 2001年种植 20个株系, 每个株系种 300 株, 人工去雄后, 采集等量的野生山花稻 (代号 98-01 )、 高粱品种扫帚高粱和玉米品种农大 108的花粉人工授粉进行 杂交, 杂交的时间是上午 10 : 30, 杂交的温度是 33°C, 选择植株高 大、 一支 3-4穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留种。 2002、 2003年种植上年所 留种子, 继续用野生山花稻(代号 98-01 )、 高粱品种扫帚高粱和玉米 品种农大 108作父本回交二次, 二次回交的时间均是上午 9 : 00, 杂 交的温度是 27°C , 选择植株高大、 一支 5穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留 种。 2003年 7月种植杂 60个株系, 2004-2006年进行加代 4代, 每 年分别调查 60株, 以观察其它农艺性状的稳定性, 最终选育出综合 农艺性状优良的超高产水稻品种东盟一号 (代号 0636 )。
每次杂交和回交时, 均要套纸袋, 防止阳光照射, 晚上打开纸袋 通风, 30天收割保管, 晒干备用下一代种植。
工业实用性 ,
本发明提供了一种通过利用与丰产性有关的有利性状和杂种优 势利用相结合的途径,选育超高产水稻树生殖固定杂种优势的育种方 法。 通过本发明的育种方法所选育出的超高产水稻品种生长快, 分蘖 力强, 可在蘖中分蘖 (空中分蘖), 即一支多穗, 产量高, 且多抗, 可称作水稻树。 该杂交水稻的选育成功, 使我国水稻产量又提高了 37.5%。 该品种可在不同的地点和气候下生长, 可在旱地, 也可在水 田种植生长。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种水稻树生殖固定杂种优势育种方法, 其特征在于: 用固 优 18号作母本, 用野生山花稻作父本进行杂交, 种植杂交后代, 人 工去雄, 用野生山花稻的花粉人工授粉进行回交, 选择一支 2穗的单 株, 混收留种, 下一年种植后, 人工去雄, 釆集等量的野生山花稻和 高粱品种扫帚高粱两个品种的花粉人工授粉进行杂交, 选择植株高 大、 一支 3-4穗、穗大的单株, 混收留种, 下一年种植后, 人工去雄, 采集等量的野生山花稻、高粱品种扫帚高粱和玉米品种农大 108三个 品种的花粉人工授粉进行杂交后, 进行回交, 选择植株高大、 一支 5 穗、 穗大的单株, 混收留种, 种植回交后代, 并加代选择符合目标性 状的单株, 获得农艺性状稳定的超高产水稻品种。
2、 如杈利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述回交的次数是 1次或 2次。
3、 如杈利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述杂交和回交的 时间是上午 9 : 00-10: 30。
4、 如杈利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述杂交和回交的 温度, 在作早稻种植时为 31-36°C。
5、 如杈利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述杂交和回交的 温度, '在作晚稻种植时为 27-33°C。
PCT/CN2006/002143 2006-08-17 2006-08-23 Procédé de culture de riz permettant d'obtenir un effet d'hétérosis WO2008025185A2 (fr)

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