WO2008023123A1 - Laminated construction element made of glass and stone - Google Patents

Laminated construction element made of glass and stone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008023123A1
WO2008023123A1 PCT/FR2007/051718 FR2007051718W WO2008023123A1 WO 2008023123 A1 WO2008023123 A1 WO 2008023123A1 FR 2007051718 W FR2007051718 W FR 2007051718W WO 2008023123 A1 WO2008023123 A1 WO 2008023123A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
natural stone
liquid
laminated
stone element
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/051718
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Frank Rubbert
Walter Schreiber
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to EP07823635A priority Critical patent/EP2054224A1/en
Publication of WO2008023123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008023123A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/002—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising natural stone or artificial stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10733—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing epoxy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10779—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyester
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10972—Degassing during the lamination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/08—Impregnating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/144—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of marble or other natural stone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2318/00—Mineral based
    • B32B2318/04—Stone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a laminated plate with a natural stone element, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, and a device for carrying out the method and a laminated glass and natural stone element.
  • the invention relates, in combination with the bonding of natural stone elements to other elements, preferably to windows, the steps of treating the natural stone to be suitable for the connection provided .
  • Laminates of natural stone and support plate (for example glass) using synthetic films or casting resins are known (DE 195 18 675 Cl, BE 898 535, EP 0 122 357 A1 and DE 2005 020 653 Ul).
  • the advantage of the laminated sheet products described therein (for example in DE 195 18 675) compared to casting resin systems used in parallel is not only that the two plates are connected by means of an adhesive sheet of high tensile synthetic material which, in case of breakage of the natural stone or glass, has a retention effect of the chips, but also and particularly by the complete protection they offer against the moisture penetration into the laminate.
  • Pressurized tank impregnations of wooden elements intended for construction or the garden are also known to protect these elements against humidity and rot.
  • the complete body can be removed and continue its treatment.
  • Stones are natural products whose properties such as thermal expansion, surface structure and composition (including possible gas inclusions) can not be considered homogeneous or reproducible, unlike the case for example windows .
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method and a device which makes it possible to manufacture laminated elements which have elements of natural stone, with a bond of constant and lasting quality.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1.
  • the features of claim 12 describe a corresponding device and claim 16 relates to a laminated element.
  • the features of the dependent claims that depend on each of the independent claims describe advantageous developments of the present invention.
  • the impregnation operation is preferably carried out before the natural stone element is incorporated in the laminate, it is possible however to use variants in which the impregnation operation is carried out during the operation (modified so appropriate) or even after the laminated product has been made. If it is done at this time, however, it will be necessary to clearly separate the stone element to impregnate the glass that must eventually be joined. This succession of operations is also covered by the scope of the present invention.
  • the impregnating liquid may optionally be used at the same time between the natural stone element and the plate to be connected to it, in particular the glass , if the operation can guarantee that the appearance of the other components of the laminate is not compromised.
  • the thorough impregnation of the natural stone element with the liquid can be controlled by tomographies or analyzes of the finished laminated element.
  • the sealing liquid of the natural stone element will preferably be in the form of a fluid adhesive, for example based on polyester resins, polyvinyl butyrals, polyacrylates, polyurethanes or epoxies which, like their viscosity is sufficiently low, suitable for impregnating a porous natural stone under the effect of pressure.
  • a fluid adhesive for example based on polyester resins, polyvinyl butyrals, polyacrylates, polyurethanes or epoxies which, like their viscosity is sufficiently low, suitable for impregnating a porous natural stone under the effect of pressure.
  • a natural stone element As a material for the natural stone element itself, one can use a natural stone intrinsically any and more or less porous. Materials that can be cut into relatively thin and transparent (or translucent) layers are preferred. Veined stones, for example marble, give particular optical qualities.
  • High pressure for example in an autoclave, and possibly an elevated temperature to reduce the viscosity of the fluid to be incorporated, allow the liquid to penetrate the entire pore volume and completely close the openings of all the pores. Then the liquid hardens permanently.
  • the aspect of the element natural stone and the impression it gives are modified only insignificantly.
  • the seal thus produced using the impregnating liquid forms a safe barrier to the diffusion of steam in the area of the songs. After the impregnation, moisture can no longer penetrate the pores still present and thus render the glued connection ineffective during further treatment or at the site of use.
  • the solidified impregnating liquid also causes mechanical stabilization of the porous material of the stone. Therefore, it is also possible to manufacture particularly thin, and possibly even translucent, stone slabs, which are possibly less sensitive to the damage that the pure stone material undergoes following the heat treatment after the impregnation and hardening operation of the liquid.
  • the natural stone element (which normally has the shape of a more or less thin plate and a single piece of natural stone, cut or sawn), is inserted into a suitable flexible container (bag).
  • the container is filled with the liquid which has the composition mentioned above and is then closed.
  • the liquid does not adhere to the inner surface of the container; the latter will for example be provided with a non-stick coating.
  • Containers coated with PET or PTFE can be used. It is best to place in the container some excess liquid to ensure complete impregnation and heart of the natural stone element.
  • the container (possibly placed under vacuum) and occupied by the natural stone element is placed in an autoclave or a special chamber placed under pressure. An overpressure is then created and the chamber is optionally heated to the reaction temperature of the liquid. The overpressure has the effect of pushing the liquid back into the pore topography of the natural stone element.
  • the container in which the impregnated natural stone element has been placed out of the chamber under pressure and remove the natural stone element from the container can be removed. Excess liquid residues are removed. After the liquid solidifies, we will talk about a pore filler and hollow spaces of the natural stone element.
  • the surface of the natural stone element impregnated with the filler material and facing the adhesive layer is provided in a manner known per se of a reinforcing layer adhesion.
  • An adhesion reinforcing layer that may possibly be provided will obviously be applied only after the surface treatment.
  • Impregnated natural stone can be transformed by a standard operation for making laminated safety glass, taking into account the layer or adhesive film used in each case. Irrespective of its rough surface, natural stone should be considered as equivalent to normal glazing due to impregnation and sealing, and it can therefore be treated in the same way as this one.
  • a polyurethane sheet As a suitable sheet for this joining application, there may be mentioned a polyurethane sheet because it still has high flexibility after the bonding operation and can thus compensate for very different longitudinal expansions (between the glass of one hand and the stone on the other hand). If the variation in length is not too great, it is also possible to use other adhesive layers, for example polyvinylbutyral sheets. It is obvious that a bond between the glass and the natural stone using casting resin is not excluded when implementing the present invention.
  • the layer of adhesive remains in any case permanently transparent after the natural stone element has been connected to a glass, because the appearance of the natural stone is visible through the glass and that the Overall translucency of the laminated element can not be compromised.
  • This requirement is obviously particularly favored by a natural stone element of particularly thin thickness, a few (3 to 10) millimeters.
  • An alternative method of simultaneously producing the impregnation operation and the bonding operation of a natural stone element with a window can proceed in a manner similar to the "projection" of structural elements (made of synthetic material ) on the windows, a method known in other fields.
  • the window is placed in a mold which completely covers it by its edges.
  • the natural stone element is placed, possibly by inserting spacers (lost, which can possibly be only punctual).
  • the residual cavity is preferably placed under vacuum to remove as widely as possible the air present and the gas inclusions present in the natural stone element. Then, filling the cavity of impregnating fluid by injecting it preferably under pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

A method of manufacturing a laminated sheet that includes an element made of natural stone and in particular manufacturing a laminate consisting of at least one glass pane and one natural stone sheet, in which the natural stone element is connected to another material by an adhesive bond over its entire surface; according to the invention, the porous natural stone element is completely impregnated under pressure by a liquid that forces the gas inclusions out of the stone material and durably seals the outer surface of the natural stone element.

Description

ELEMENT FEUILLETE DE CONSTRUCTION EN VERRE ET PIERRE BUILDING SHEET ELEMENT IN GLASS AND STONE
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une plaque feuilletée dotée d'un élément en pierre naturelle, et qui présente les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1, ainsi qu'un dispositif en vue de la mise en oeuvre du procédé et qu'un élément feuilleté en verre et pierre naturelle.The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a laminated plate with a natural stone element, which has the features of the preamble of claim 1, and a device for carrying out the method and a laminated glass and natural stone element.
De manière plus précise, l'invention concerne, en association à la liaison d'éléments en pierre naturelle à d'autres éléments, de préférence à des vitres, les étapes de traitement de la pierre naturelle pour qu'elle convienne à la liaison prévue.More specifically, the invention relates, in combination with the bonding of natural stone elements to other elements, preferably to windows, the steps of treating the natural stone to be suitable for the connection provided .
Des feuilletés de pierre naturelle et de plaque de support (par exemple en verre) par recours à des films en matière synthétique ou à des résines de coulée sont connus (DE 195 18 675 Cl, BE 898 535, EP 0 122 357 Al et DE 20 2005 020 653 Ul). L'avantage des produits en feuilles stratifiées qui y sont décrits (par exemple dans le brevet DE 195 18 675) par rapport aux systèmes à résine de coulée utilisés en parallèle réside non seulement dans le fait que les deux plaques sont reliées à l'aide d'une feuille adhésive en matière synthétique à haute résistance à la déchirure qui, en cas de rupture de la pierre naturelle ou du verre, a un effet de retenue des éclats, mais également et particulièrement par la protection complète qu'ils offrent contre la pénétration d'humidité dans le feuilleté .Laminates of natural stone and support plate (for example glass) using synthetic films or casting resins are known (DE 195 18 675 Cl, BE 898 535, EP 0 122 357 A1 and DE 2005 020 653 Ul). The advantage of the laminated sheet products described therein (for example in DE 195 18 675) compared to casting resin systems used in parallel is not only that the two plates are connected by means of an adhesive sheet of high tensile synthetic material which, in case of breakage of the natural stone or glass, has a retention effect of the chips, but also and particularly by the complete protection they offer against the moisture penetration into the laminate.
Bien que la diffusion de vapeur par la couche adhésive de ces systèmes de feuilles stratifiées soit considérablement moindre que celle des systèmes à résine de coulée, il s'établit une diffusion d'humidité à travers la pierre, en partie depuis l'extérieur et en particulier par l'humidité résiduelle de la pierre proprement dite, qui peut entraîner des décollements sur de grandes surfaces et en tout cas une dégradation de l'aspect ou de l'esthétique de l'élément feuilleté.Although the vapor diffusion by the adhesive layer of these laminated sheet systems is considerably less than that of the casting resin systems, moisture diffusion through the stone occurs, partly from the outside and particularly by the residual moisture of the stone itself, which can cause detachment over large areas and in any case a degradation of the appearance or aesthetics of the laminated element.
Le modèle d'utilité DE 20 2005 020 653 Ul mentionné plus haut décrit par ailleurs des dispositions de protection de la couche adhésive en résine de coulée contre les modifications chimiques. On y mentionne également, sur le côté de l'élément en pierre naturelle tourné vers la couche adhésive de résine de coulée, une couche de barrière qui doit bloquer la diffusion de substances présentes dans l'élément de pierre naturelle jusque dans la couche adhésive en résine de coulée et qui doit être de préférence d'une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 100 μm.The above-mentioned utility model DE 2005 020 653 Ul also discloses protective arrangements of the adhesive resin adhesive layer against chemical modifications. It also mentions, on the side of the natural stone element facing the adhesive layer of casting resin, a barrier layer which must block the diffusion of substances present in the natural stone element into the adhesive layer. casting resin and which should preferably be between 1 and 100 μm thick.
Lors de la fabrication d'éléments en pierre naturelle pour des applications en façade, il faut rester attentif au fait que lorsque le site de montage est exposé à de hautes températures, des bulles peuvent se former sur le côté extérieur de la façade d'un bâtiment. Ces bulles proviennent de l'air inclus dans le feuilleté ou éventuellement d'autres gaz qui avant ou lors de l'opération de liaison n'ont pas pu être complètement éliminés ou évacués. Une couche de barrière du type connu antérieurement ne pourrait pas empêcher ce phénomène de manière efficace à long terme.When manufacturing natural stone elements for facade applications, it must be kept in mind that when the installation site is exposed to high temperatures, bubbles may form on the outside of the facade of a building. building. These bubbles come from the air included in the laminate or possibly other gases which before or during the binding operation could not be completely eliminated or evacuated. A barrier layer of the type known previously could not prevent this phenomenon effectively in the long term.
Les deux effets gênants décrits ci-dessus sont renforcés sur des pierres plus grossières ou plus poreuses, des pierres très denses et moins poreuses y étant moins sensibles.The two annoying effects described above are reinforced on coarser or more porous stones, very dense and less porous stones being less sensitive.
Bien que pour protéger des éléments en pierre naturelle contre les intempéries, on connaisse également dans l'état de la technique d'autres procédés d'immersion, d'application ou d'enduction appliqués sur une grande surface, ces procédés présentent cependant aussi des désavantages parce que le liquide appliqué et un mouillage extérieur ne peuvent pénétrer dans tous les pores de la pierre naturelle et ne constituent pas une protection efficace contre la diffusion de l'humidité ainsi que le dégagement de gaz et/ou la formation de bulles. Ils ne permettent pas d'obtenir une étanchéité de surface de la pierre naturelle parce que dans les environnements où l'on préfère utiliser des pierres naturelles transformées en feuilletés, par exemple des habillages de façade dotés de ces éléments en pierre naturelle sont exposés pendant de longues années à des intempéries très variables (chaleur, froid, humidité, séchage, variations de la pression atmosphérique, effet du soleil) . Pour tous les éléments feuilletés qui présentent des liaisons collées en surface, l'exposition à ces effets constitue une contre- indication .Although in order to protect natural stone elements against inclement weather, it is also known in the state of the art that other methods of immersion, application or coating are applied on a large scale. However, these methods also have disadvantages because the applied liquid and external wetting can not penetrate all the pores of the natural stone and do not provide effective protection against the diffusion of moisture as well as the evolution of gas and / or the formation of bubbles. They do not provide a surface seal of the natural stone because in environments where it is preferred to use natural stones transformed into laminates, for example facade cladding with these natural stone elements are exposed for a period of time. long years to very variable weather (heat, cold, humidity, drying, changes in atmospheric pressure, sun effect). For all laminated elements with bonded bonds on the surface, exposure to these effects is a contraindication.
On connaît également des imprégnations en cuve sous pression d'éléments en bois destinés à la construction ou au jardin, pour protéger ces éléments contre l'humidité et la pourriture.Pressurized tank impregnations of wooden elements intended for construction or the garden are also known to protect these elements against humidity and rot.
Le document DE 26 06 772 Al décrit la fabrication de corps façonnés en matériau de pierre naturelle à partir de morceaux de pierre et d'un liant. Les morceaux sont placés avec le liant dans un moule et sont ensuite comprimés pour obtenir les corps façonnés . Le document mentionné ci-dessus décrit également un procédé dans lequel les morceaux sont fabriqués de manière régulière, c'est-à-dire en corps à surfaces planes et adaptées les unes aux autres pour être ensuite assemblés en le corps complet. Cette opération est suivie par une mise sous vide de l'ensemble des morceaux et, tout en maintenant la dépression, le remplissage du récipient par un liant liquide. Ensuite, on établit dans le récipient la pression atmosphérique - A -DE 26 06 772 A1 discloses the manufacture of shaped bodies of natural stone material from pieces of stone and a binder. The pieces are placed with the binder in a mold and then compressed to obtain the shaped bodies. The document mentioned above also describes a method in which the pieces are made in a regular manner, that is to say in bodies with flat surfaces and adapted to each other to be then assembled into the complete body. This operation is followed by a vacuum of all the pieces and, while maintaining the depression, filling the container with a liquid binder. Then, atmospheric pressure is established in the vessel - AT -
ou une surpression qui doivent avoir pour résultat que le liant remplit la totalité du volume des espaces intermédiaires ouverts présents entre les morceaux. Après durcissement du liant, le corps complet peut être enlevé et poursuivre son traitement.or an overpressure which must result in the binder filling the entire volume of the open intermediate spaces present between the pieces. After curing the binder, the complete body can be removed and continue its treatment.
Les pierres sont des produits naturels dont les propriétés telles que la dilatation thermique, la structure de surface et la composition (y compris les inclusions de gaz éventuellement présentes) ne peuvent être considérées comme homogènes ou reproductibles, à la différence du cas par exemple des vitres.Stones are natural products whose properties such as thermal expansion, surface structure and composition (including possible gas inclusions) can not be considered homogeneous or reproducible, unlike the case for example windows .
L'invention s'est donné pour but de proposer un procédé et un dispositif qui permettent de fabriquer des éléments feuilletés qui présentent des éléments en pierre naturelle, avec une liaison de qualité constante et durable.The object of the invention is to propose a method and a device which makes it possible to manufacture laminated elements which have elements of natural stone, with a bond of constant and lasting quality.
Pour ce qui concerne le procédé, l'invention résout ce problème avec les caractéristiques de la revendication 1. Les caractéristiques de la revendication 12 décrivent un dispositif correspondant et la revendication 16 concerne un élément feuilleté. Les caractéristiques des revendications secondaires qui dépendent de chacune des revendications indépendantes décrivent des développements avantageux de la présente invention .With regard to the method, the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1. The features of claim 12 describe a corresponding device and claim 16 relates to a laminated element. The features of the dependent claims that depend on each of the independent claims describe advantageous developments of the present invention.
La solution des problèmes mentionnés plus haut s'obtient selon l'invention par le fait que sous l'action d'une surpression, par exemple dans une chambre sous pression, la pierre naturelle est complètement (et intimement) imprégnée d'un liquide qui d'une part refoule aussi largement que possible hors du corps en pierre les inclusions de gaz (et en particulier d'air) et qui ensuite ferme de manière étanche et durablement la totalité de sa masse poreuse jusqu'à sa surface extérieure et notamment ses chants frontaux .The solution of the problems mentioned above is obtained according to the invention by the fact that under the action of an overpressure, for example in a chamber under pressure, the natural stone is completely (and intimately) impregnated with a liquid which on the one hand as much as possible removes from the stone body the gas inclusions (and in particular air) and which then tightly and durably closes the entire of its porous mass to its outer surface and in particular its front edges.
Bien que l'opération d'imprégnation soit de préférence réalisée avant que l'élément en pierre naturelle soit incorporé dans le feuilleté, on peut cependant utiliser des variantes dans lesquelles l'opération d'imprégnation est réalisée pendant l'opération (modifiée de manière appropriée) de liaison ou même après que le produit feuilleté a été réalisé. Si on la réalise à ce moment, il faudra cependant séparer nettement l'élément en pierre à imprégner de la vitre qui doit éventuellement y être rejointe. Cette succession d'opérations est également couverte par la portée de la présente invention.Although the impregnation operation is preferably carried out before the natural stone element is incorporated in the laminate, it is possible however to use variants in which the impregnation operation is carried out during the operation (modified so appropriate) or even after the laminated product has been made. If it is done at this time, however, it will be necessary to clearly separate the stone element to impregnate the glass that must eventually be joined. This succession of operations is also covered by the scope of the present invention.
Si l'imprégnation a lieu lors de la liaison, dans un développement avantageux du procédé, le liquide d'imprégnation peut éventuellement être utilisé en même temps entre l'élément en pierre naturelle et la plaque qui doit y être reliée, en particulier la vitre, si l'opération peut garantir que l'aspect des autres composants du feuilleté n'est pas compromis.If the impregnation takes place during the connection, in an advantageous development of the process, the impregnating liquid may optionally be used at the same time between the natural stone element and the plate to be connected to it, in particular the glass , if the operation can guarantee that the appearance of the other components of the laminate is not compromised.
En tout cas, l'imprégnation poussée de l'élément en pierre naturelle par le liquide peut être contrôlée par des tomographies ou des analyses de l'élément feuilleté terminé .In any case, the thorough impregnation of the natural stone element with the liquid can be controlled by tomographies or analyzes of the finished laminated element.
Ce mode opératoire n'est pas un simple transfert du procédé connu d'imprégnation en cuve sous pression d'un matériau de pierre, parce que dans la présente invention, il ne s'agit pas fondamentalement d'empêcher la pénétration d'humidité dans la pierre mais bien d'empêcher la sortie ultérieure d'inclusions de gaz présentes et indésirables dans le cadre de l'utilisation envisagée pour le feuilleté. Comme effet secondaire de 1 ' étanchéification, l'élément en pierre naturelle est par ailleurs également protégé de la diffusion d'humidité par ses chants.This procedure is not a simple transfer from the known pressure vessel impregnation process of a stone material, because in the present invention it is not fundamentally a matter of preventing the penetration of moisture into the material. the stone but to prevent the subsequent release of present and undesirable gas inclusions as part of the intended use for the laminated. As a side effect of sealing, the stone element natural is also protected from moisture diffusion by its songs.
Le liquide de scellement de l'élément en pierre naturelle se présentera de préférence sous la forme d'un adhésif fluide, par exemple à base de résines de polyester, de polyvinylbutyrals, de polyacrylates, de polyuréthanes ou d'époxys qui, comme leur viscosité est suffisamment basse, conviennent pour imprégner une pierre naturelle poreuse sous l'effet de la pression.The sealing liquid of the natural stone element will preferably be in the form of a fluid adhesive, for example based on polyester resins, polyvinyl butyrals, polyacrylates, polyurethanes or epoxies which, like their viscosity is sufficiently low, suitable for impregnating a porous natural stone under the effect of pressure.
Comme matériau pour l'élément en pierre naturelle proprement dit, on peut utiliser une pierre naturelle intrinsèquement quelconque et plus ou moins poreuse. On préfère des matériaux qui peuvent être découpés en couches relativement minces et transparentes (ou translucides) . Des pierres de type veiné, par exemple du marbre, donnent des qualités optiques particulières.As a material for the natural stone element itself, one can use a natural stone intrinsically any and more or less porous. Materials that can be cut into relatively thin and transparent (or translucent) layers are preferred. Veined stones, for example marble, give particular optical qualities.
Une haute pression, par exemple dans un autoclave, et éventuellement une température élevée destinée à diminuer la viscosité du fluide à incorporer, permettent de faire pénétrer le liquide dans la totalité du volume des pores et de fermer complètement les ouvertures de tous les pores. Ensuite, le liquide durcit définitivement. Comme on n'obtient pas ainsi une surface définie d'étanchéité mais qu'au bout du compte on conserve la surface de la pierre naturelle et que seuls ses pores et les espaces intermédiaires intérieurs sont imprégnés du liquide, l'aspect de l'élément en pierre naturelle ainsi que l'impression qu'il donne ne sont modifiés que de manière négligeable .High pressure, for example in an autoclave, and possibly an elevated temperature to reduce the viscosity of the fluid to be incorporated, allow the liquid to penetrate the entire pore volume and completely close the openings of all the pores. Then the liquid hardens permanently. As we do not obtain a defined surface of sealing, but at the end we preserve the surface of the natural stone and that only its pores and the interior spaces are impregnated with the liquid, the aspect of the element natural stone and the impression it gives are modified only insignificantly.
Après l'imprégnation, on peut même meuler encore une fois la surface de l'élément en pierre naturelle ou le sabler pour ainsi obtenir la surface mate éventuellement souhaitée. La pierre imprégnée reste apte à être collée de manière optimale et durable sur toute sa surface, parce qu'un dégazage par les pores de la pierre naturelle n'est plus possible ou ne l'est que dans une mesure réduite. Les inclusions de gaz éventuellement présentes sont en pratique complètement expulsées.After the impregnation, it is even possible to grind the surface of the natural stone element again or sandblast it so as to obtain the desired matt surface. The impregnated stone remains able to be stuck in an optimal and durable way on all its surface, because a degassing by the pores of the natural stone is more possible or is only to a reduced extent. The gas inclusions that may be present are in practice completely expelled.
Dans le cas d'un matériau de pierre qui contient un grand taux d'inclusions d'air, on peut également réaliser un dégazage avant l'opération d'imprégnation et ensuite commencer 1 ' imprégnation avec le matériau en pierre dégazé maintenu en dépression. Cela peut même encore améliorer la saturation du matériau de pierre par le liquide d'imprégnation.In the case of a stone material which contains a high rate of air inclusions, it is also possible to degassing before the impregnation operation and then to begin impregnation with the degassed stone material kept in a vacuum. This can even further improve the saturation of the stone material by the impregnating liquid.
Par ailleurs, l'étanchéité ainsi réalisée à l'aide du liquide d'imprégnation forme une barrière sûre à la diffusion de vapeur dans la zone des chants. Après l'imprégnation, de l'humidité ne peut plus pénétrer dans les pores encore présents et rendre ainsi inefficace la liaison collée lors de la poursuite du traitement ou sur le site d'utilisation.Furthermore, the seal thus produced using the impregnating liquid forms a safe barrier to the diffusion of steam in the area of the songs. After the impregnation, moisture can no longer penetrate the pores still present and thus render the glued connection ineffective during further treatment or at the site of use.
Enfin, et ce n'est pas le moins important, le liquide d'imprégnation solidifié entraîne également une stabilisation mécanique du matériau poreux de la pierre. Par conséquent, on peut également fabriquer des plaques de pierre particulièrement minces, et éventuellement même translucides, éventuellement moins sensibles aux dégradations que le matériau de pierre pure subit suite au traitement thermique après l'opération d'imprégnation et de durcissement du liquide est.Finally, and not least, the solidified impregnating liquid also causes mechanical stabilization of the porous material of the stone. Therefore, it is also possible to manufacture particularly thin, and possibly even translucent, stone slabs, which are possibly less sensitive to the damage that the pure stone material undergoes following the heat treatment after the impregnation and hardening operation of the liquid.
Des procédés et des composants du dispositif de mise en oeuvre pratique de la présente invention sont décrits plus loin. Par rapport à la technologie standard de 1 ' industrie de traitement du verre lors de la fabrication de verre feuilleté de sécurité ou également de plaques de verre et de pierre naturelle reliées par des films, on peut penser à mettre en oeuvre le procédé de la manière suivante, sans pour autant exclure d'autres options :Methods and components of the practical implementation device of the present invention are described below. Compared to the standard technology of the glass processing industry in the manufacture of laminated safety glass or also glass and natural stone plates connected by films, one can think of implementing the method of the following, without excluding other options:
L'élément en pierre naturelle (qui présente normalement la forme d'une plaque plus ou moins mince et d'un seul tenant en pierre naturelle, découpée ou sciée) , est inséré dans un récipient flexible approprié (sac) . Le récipient est rempli du liquide qui présente la composition mentionnée plus haut et est ensuite fermé. Cependant, il faut rester attentif au fait que le liquide n'adhère pas à la surface intérieure du récipient; ce dernier sera par exemple doté d'un revêtement antiadhésif. On peut envisager des récipients revêtus de PET ou de PTFE. Il est préférable de placer dans le récipient un certain excès de liquide pour assurer l'imprégnation complète et à coeur de l'élément en pierre naturelle.The natural stone element (which normally has the shape of a more or less thin plate and a single piece of natural stone, cut or sawn), is inserted into a suitable flexible container (bag). The container is filled with the liquid which has the composition mentioned above and is then closed. However, attention must be paid to the fact that the liquid does not adhere to the inner surface of the container; the latter will for example be provided with a non-stick coating. Containers coated with PET or PTFE can be used. It is best to place in the container some excess liquid to ensure complete impregnation and heart of the natural stone element.
Comme étape intermédiaire avant le remplissage du récipient par le liquide, on peut envisager de placer le récipient sous vide, pour évacuer la totalité de l'air et des inclusions de gaz éventuellement présentes dans l'élément en pierre naturelle poreuse. Lors du remplissage du récipient par le liquide sous une certaine surpression, ce liquide pénètre directement dans les espaces creux présents sans qu'il faille prévoir un niveau élevé de travail d'imprégnation. Il faut à cet égard trouver un compromis entre la durée nécessaire pour la mise sous vide et la diminution qui y est associée de la durée nécessaire pour l'opération d'imprégnation proprement dite.As an intermediate step before filling the container with the liquid, it is conceivable to place the container under vacuum, to evacuate all the air and gas inclusions possibly present in the porous natural stone element. When filling the container with the liquid under a certain excess pressure, this liquid penetrates directly into the hollow spaces present without the need to provide a high level of impregnation work. In this respect, it is necessary to find a compromise between the time required for evacuation and the associated reduction in the time required for the actual impregnation operation.
Le récipient (éventuellement placé sous vide) et occupé par l'élément en pierre naturelle est placé dans un autoclave ou une chambre spéciale placée sous surpression. On crée alors une surpression et la chambre est éventuellement chauffée à la température de réaction du liquide. La surpression a pour effet de refouler le liquide dans la topographie des pores de l'élément en pierre naturelle.The container (possibly placed under vacuum) and occupied by the natural stone element is placed in an autoclave or a special chamber placed under pressure. An overpressure is then created and the chamber is optionally heated to the reaction temperature of the liquid. The overpressure has the effect of pushing the liquid back into the pore topography of the natural stone element.
Après une durée prédéterminée d'action de la pression, on peut sortir le récipient dans lequel l'élément en pierre naturelle imprégnée a été placé hors de la chambre sous surpression et retirer l'élément en pierre naturelle du récipient. Les résidus de liquide en excès sont enlevés. Après que le liquide s'est solidifié, on parlera plutôt d'un matériau de charge des pores et des espaces creux de l'élément en pierre naturelle.After a predetermined duration of pressure action, the container in which the impregnated natural stone element has been placed out of the chamber under pressure and remove the natural stone element from the container can be removed. Excess liquid residues are removed. After the liquid solidifies, we will talk about a pore filler and hollow spaces of the natural stone element.
Lors de la sélection du liquide d'étanchéité et/ou du matériau de charge ou de l'adhésif, il est important qu'indépendamment d'une bonne compatibilité chimique avec la pierre et également avec le verre, ce liquide permette également d'établir une bonne adhérence sur le film stratifié ou la couche adhésive qui seront utilisés ultérieurement. On considère que les substances mentionnées plus haut, ainsi que tous les systèmes à base d'époxy et d'acrylate conviennent particulièrement bien dans ce but.When selecting the sealant and / or the filler material or adhesive, it is important that regardless of good chemical compatibility with the stone and also with the glass, this liquid also makes it possible to establish good adhesion to the laminated film or adhesive layer that will be used later. The substances mentioned above, as well as all the epoxy and acrylate systems, are considered particularly suitable for this purpose.
Si nécessaire, la surface de l'élément en pierre naturelle imprégnée du matériau de charge et tournée vers la couche d'adhésif (de préférence une feuille mais également une résine de coulée) est dotée de manière connue en soi d'une couche de renforcement de l'adhérence. Une couche de renforcement de l'adhérence que l'on peut éventuellement prévoir ne sera évidemment appliquée qu'après le traitement de surface.If necessary, the surface of the natural stone element impregnated with the filler material and facing the adhesive layer (preferably a sheet but also a casting resin) is provided in a manner known per se of a reinforcing layer adhesion. An adhesion reinforcing layer that may possibly be provided will obviously be applied only after the surface treatment.
La pierre naturelle imprégnée peut être transformée par une opération normalisée de fabrication de verre feuilleté de sécurité en tenant compte de la couche ou du film adhésif utilisé dans chaque cas. Indépendamment de sa surface assez rugueuse, la pierre naturelle doit être considérée comme équivalente à un vitrage normal grâce à l'imprégnation et à 1 ' étanchéification, et elle peut donc être traitée de la même manière que celle-ci.Impregnated natural stone can be transformed by a standard operation for making laminated safety glass, taking into account the layer or adhesive film used in each case. Irrespective of its rough surface, natural stone should be considered as equivalent to normal glazing due to impregnation and sealing, and it can therefore be treated in the same way as this one.
Comme feuille qui convient pour cette application de jonction, on peut mentionner une feuille de polyuréthane parce qu'elle présente encore une flexibilité élevée après l'opération de liaison et qu'elle peut ainsi compenser des dilatations longitudinales très différentes (entre le verre d'une part et la pierre d'autre part) . Si la variation de longueur n'est pas trop importante, on peut également utiliser d'autres couches adhésives, par exemple des feuilles de polyvinylbutyral . Il est évident qu'une liaison entre le verre et la pierre naturelle à l'aide de résine de coulée n'est pas exclue lorsque l'on met en oeuvre la présente invention.As a suitable sheet for this joining application, there may be mentioned a polyurethane sheet because it still has high flexibility after the bonding operation and can thus compensate for very different longitudinal expansions (between the glass of one hand and the stone on the other hand). If the variation in length is not too great, it is also possible to use other adhesive layers, for example polyvinylbutyral sheets. It is obvious that a bond between the glass and the natural stone using casting resin is not excluded when implementing the present invention.
Cependant, il est important que la couche d'adhésif reste en tout cas durablement transparente après que l'élément en pierre naturelle a été relié à une vitre, parce que l'aspect de la pierre naturelle est visible à travers la vitre et que la translucidité globale de l'élément feuilleté ne peut être compromise. Cette exigence est évidemment particulièrement bien favorisée par un élément en pierre naturelle d'épaisseur particulièrement mince, de quelques (3 à 10) millimètres .However, it is important that the layer of adhesive remains in any case permanently transparent after the natural stone element has been connected to a glass, because the appearance of the natural stone is visible through the glass and that the Overall translucency of the laminated element can not be compromised. This requirement is obviously particularly favored by a natural stone element of particularly thin thickness, a few (3 to 10) millimeters.
Une variante de procédé de réalisation simultanée de l'opération d'imprégnation et de l'opération de liaison d'un élément en pierre naturelle avec une vitre peut se dérouler de manière similaire à la "projection" d'éléments structurels (en matière synthétique) sur des vitres, procédé connu dans d'autres domaines. Dans ce but, la vitre est placée dans un moule qui la recouvre complètement par ses bords. L'élément en pierre naturelle est placé, éventuellement en intercalant des écarteurs (perdus, qui peuvent éventuellement n'être que ponctuels) . La cavité résiduelle est de préférence placée sous vide pour éliminer aussi largement que possible l'air présent ainsi que les inclusions de gaz présentes dans l'élément en pierre naturelle. Ensuite, on remplit la cavité de fluide d'imprégnation en l'y injectant de préférence sous pression. On apportera évidemment aussi une attention toute particulière à un apport régulier du fluide d'imprégnation, pour qu'il atteigne efficacement la totalité du volume de la pierre et qu'il puisse remplir l'espace de ses pores. Indépendamment de cela, il imprègne non seulement l'élément en pierre naturelle mais il remplit également la totalité de l'interstice entre le verre et la pierre et forme ainsi en même temps la couche adhésive de liaison. An alternative method of simultaneously producing the impregnation operation and the bonding operation of a natural stone element with a window can proceed in a manner similar to the "projection" of structural elements (made of synthetic material ) on the windows, a method known in other fields. For this purpose, the window is placed in a mold which completely covers it by its edges. The natural stone element is placed, possibly by inserting spacers (lost, which can possibly be only punctual). The residual cavity is preferably placed under vacuum to remove as widely as possible the air present and the gas inclusions present in the natural stone element. Then, filling the cavity of impregnating fluid by injecting it preferably under pressure. Of course, special attention will also be paid to a regular supply of the impregnating fluid, so that it effectively reaches the entire volume of the stone and that it can fill the space with its pores. Apart from this, it impregnates not only the natural stone element but also fills the entire gap between the glass and the stone and thus forms the bonding adhesive layer at the same time.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'une plaque feuilletée qui présente un élément en pierre naturelle, et en particulier de fabrication d'un feuilleté constitué d'au moins une vitre et une plaque de pierre naturelle, dans lequel l'élément en pierre naturelle est relié à un autre matériau par une liaison collée qui adhère sur toute la surface, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en pierre naturelle poreuse est imprégné complètement sous pression par un liquide qui refoule les inclusions de gaz hors du matériau de pierre et qui scelle durablement la surface extérieure de l'élément en pierre naturelle.A method of manufacturing a laminated plate which has a natural stone element, and in particular of making a laminate consisting of at least one pane and a natural stone slab, in which the natural stone element is connected to another material by a bonded bond which adheres over the entire surface, characterized in that the porous natural stone element is impregnated completely under pressure by a liquid which discharges the gas inclusions out of the stone material and which seals durably the outer surface of the natural stone element.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en pierre naturelle est imprégné par le liquide avant ou après la fabrication du feuilleté ou pendant l'opération de liaison du feuilleté.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural stone element is impregnated with the liquid before or after the manufacture of the laminate or during the binding operation of the laminate.
3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'opération d'imprégnation de l'élément en pierre naturelle, on en extrait les inclusions de gaz en le soumettant à une dépression.3. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that before the impregnation operation of the natural stone element, the gas inclusions are extracted by subjecting it to a vacuum.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément en pierre naturelle est imprégné par le liquide pendant que l'on maintient la dépression et qu'il est ensuite soumis à une surpression.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the natural stone element is impregnated with the liquid while maintaining the vacuum and is then subjected to an overpressure.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'avant ou pendant l'opération d'imprégnation, on augmente la température du liquide et/ou de l'élément en pierre naturelle pour soutenir le durcissement ou la prise du liquide.5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before or during the impregnation operation, the temperature of the liquid and / or the natural stone element is increased to support the hardening or setting of the liquid.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en outre en ce que, comme liquide d'imprégnation de l'élément en pierre naturelle, on utilise des adhésifs à base de résines de polyester, de polyvinylbutyrals, de polyacrylates, de polyuréthanes ou d'époxys.The method of claim 1, further characterized in that as impregnating liquid of the natural stone element, adhesives based on polyester resins, polyvinylbutyrals, polyacrylates, polyurethanes or epoxies are used.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que toutes les surfaces libres de l'élément en pierre naturelle ou une partie de celles-ci sont meulées ou sablées en surface après l'opération d'imprégnation et la prise du liquide d'imprégnation.7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the free surfaces of the natural stone element or a part thereof are ground or sandblasted at the surface after the impregnation operation and taking the impregnating liquid.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, pour relier l'élément en pierre naturelle à une vitre, on utilise une feuille de polyuréthane, une feuille de polyvinylbutyral, une feuille d'éthylène acétate de vinyle ou une résine de coulée compatible avec le liquide de scellement ou correspondant à celui-ci.8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, to connect the natural stone element to a window, is used a polyurethane sheet, a polyvinyl butyral sheet, an ethylene vinyl acetate sheet or a casting resin compatible with the sealing liquid or corresponding thereto.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le liquide d'imprégnation est en même temps utilisé pour relier par adhérence de surface l'élément en pierre naturelle et une autre plaque.9. The method of claim 8, characterized in that the impregnating liquid is at the same time used to bond by surface adhesion the natural stone element and another plate.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'avant, pendant ou après l'opération d'imprégnation, l'élément en pierre naturelle est relié à une vitre monolithique ou feuilletée en verre flotté.10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before, during or after the impregnation operation, the natural stone element is connected to a monolithic pane or laminated float glass.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que comme élément en pierre naturelle, on utilise une plaque de pierre d'un seul tenant d'une épaisseur de quelques millimètres et de préférence d'une épaisseur comprise entre 3 et 10 millimètres.11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a natural stone element is used a single piece of stone plate with a thickness of a few millimeters and preferably of a thickness of between 3 and 10 millimeters.
12. Dispositif en vue de la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui comprend : un récipient qui reprend un élément en pierre naturelle et qui sert à l'imprégner complètement d'un liquide, des moyens pour placer l'élément en pierre naturelle sous surpression pendant l'apport du liquide ou après l'apport de ce liquide, des moyens connus en soi pour relier l'élément en pierre naturelle à un autre élément en feuille.12. Arrangement for the implementation of a Method according to one of the preceding claims, which comprises: a container which takes a natural stone element and which serves to impregnate it completely with a liquid, means for placing the natural stone element under overpressure during the supply liquid or after the supply of this liquid, means known per se for connecting the natural stone element to another sheet element.
13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit en outre des moyens pour placer au moins l'élément en pierre naturelle sous dépression.13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that it further provides means for placing at least the natural stone element under vacuum.
14. Dispositif selon les revendications 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévoit en outre des moyens pour chauffer l'élément en pierre naturelle et/ou le liquide d'imprégnation.14. Device according to claims 12 or 13, characterized in that it further provides means for heating the natural stone element and / or the impregnating liquid.
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications de dispositif qui précèdent, caractérisé en ce que le récipient est doté d'un revêtement intérieur qui inhibe ou exclut l'adhérence du liquide d'imprégnation, et en particulier d'un revêtement en PET ou en PTFE.15. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the container is provided with an inner coating which inhibits or excludes the adhesion of the impregnating liquid, and in particular a PET coating or made of PTFE.
16. Elément feuilleté constitué d'au moins un vitrage monolithique ou feuilleté et d'une plaque en pierre naturelle qui sont reliés mutuellement sur toute leur surface par une couche adhésive, caractérisé en ce que la plaque en pierre naturelle est imprégnée à coeur par un matériau de charge solidifié et/ou durci à partir de la phase liquide et qui remplit les pores et les espaces creux de la plaque en pierre naturelle, et qui présente vis-à-vis de la couche adhésive une adhérence aussi bonne que celle de la plaque en pierre naturelle.16. Laminated element consisting of at least one monolithic or laminated glazing and a natural stone plate which are interconnected on their entire surface by an adhesive layer, characterized in that the natural stone plate is impregnated to the core by a filler material solidified and / or hardened from the liquid phase and which fills the pores and cavities of the natural stone plate, and which has a good adhesion to the adhesive layer as natural stone plate.
17. Elément feuilleté selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la couche adhésive et le matériau de charge sont constitués d'un même matériau ou de matériaux différents.Laminated element according to claim 16, characterized in that the adhesive layer and the filler material are made of the same material or different materials.
18. Elément feuilleté selon les revendications 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche de renforcement de l'adhérence est disposée entre la plaque en pierre naturelle et la couche adhésive.18. Laminated element according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that an adhesion-reinforcing layer is disposed between the natural stone plate and the adhesive layer.
19. Elément feuilleté selon l'une des revendications de produit qui précèdent, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément en pierre naturelle est constitué d'un matériau en pierre naturelle veinée et en particulier en marbre .19. Laminated element according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that at least one natural stone element is made of a veined natural stone material and in particular marble.
20. Elément feuilleté selon l'une des revendications de produit qui précèdent, caractérisé en ce que la plaque en pierre naturelle a une épaisseur minimale de 3 mm.20. Laminated element according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that the natural stone plate has a minimum thickness of 3 mm.
21. Elément feuilleté selon l'une des revendications de produit qui précèdent, caractérisé en ce qu'il est globalement transparent. 21. Laminated element according to one of the preceding product claims, characterized in that it is generally transparent.
PCT/FR2007/051718 2006-08-25 2007-07-25 Laminated construction element made of glass and stone WO2008023123A1 (en)

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EP07823635A EP2054224A1 (en) 2006-08-25 2007-07-25 Laminated construction element of glass and stone

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DE102006040008.9 2006-08-25
DE102006040008A DE102006040008A1 (en) 2006-08-25 2006-08-25 Method and device for producing a composite panel with a natural stone element

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2606772A1 (en) 1975-02-20 1976-09-02 Soberman Ets PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING BLOCKS AND PLATES FROM PIECES OF NATURAL STONE, IN PARTICULAR MARBLE, AND PRODUCTS MADE FROM THEM
EP0122357A1 (en) 1983-04-15 1984-10-24 TECNOMARMI MAIERA S.p.A. Composite facing plate and method for its production
US4640850A (en) 1983-04-18 1987-02-03 Technomarmi Maiera S.P.A. Composite slab incorporating a sheet of marble or similar natural stone, for the formation of facings for building, interior decoration and the like
BE898535A (en) 1983-12-22 1984-04-16 Poletto Robert Sheet stone and glass laminates with interlayers of polyvinyl butyral - to enhance impact and chemical resistance and opt. introduce colour effects
DE19518675C1 (en) 1995-05-22 1996-05-15 Blanke Bohne J Prof Dr Support for natural stone building facade
US20020143093A1 (en) 1996-11-07 2002-10-03 Kolarik John P. Decorative structurally enhanced polymer impregnated stone product
EP1375130A1 (en) 2002-06-19 2004-01-02 TONCELLI, Marcello Process and plant for obtaining a composite panel of natural stone and glass
DE202005020653U1 (en) 2005-01-27 2006-05-11 Iistone Gmbh Stone glass element comprises thin stone plate and support plate comprising windowpane, which is connected by means of opaque casting resin layer with the plate, where a substance deactivates the developed radical structures

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DE102006040008A1 (en) 2008-03-20

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