WO2008022814A1

WO2008022814A1 - Multisystem traction converter

Info

Publication number: WO2008022814A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/053624
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Günter ECKEL; Martin Glinka
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2006-08-24
Filing date: 2007-04-13
Publication date: 2008-02-28
Also published as: DE102006039792A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a multisystem traction converter with two subconverters (2, 4), which each have a four-quadrant converter (12, 14), a capacitor battery (16, 18) and a pulse-controlled inverter (20, 22) and whose intermediate circuits (24, 26) can be connected electrically in parallel. According to the invention, in each case one AC voltage-side input (44, 48) of a four-quadrant converter (12, 14) of a subconverter (2, 4) can be connected to a decoupling inductor (54, 56), which is connected electrically in series, and a node (58) of this series circuit can be connected to a feed point (42) by means of a step-up converter inductor (52). This results in a multisystem traction converter in which the complexity involved for the step-up converter is low given the desired redundancy.

Description

description

Multi-system traction converter

The invention relates to a multi-system traction converter ^¬ according to the preamble of claim 1.

A generic multi-system traction converter is from the conference report entitled "Comparison of Multi-System Traction Converters for High-Power Locomotives."

PESC Conference 2004 from 21.6.-23.06.2004 in Aachen, especially of Fig. 12 of this conference report. In Fig. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a redundant traction converter, in particular for a high-performance locomotive, shown schematically. In this Fig. 1, 2 and 4 are each a partial converter, with 6 and 8 respectively a traction motor and 10 denotes a traction transformer. The partial converter 2 or 4 has a four-quadrant controller 12 or 14, a capacitor battery 16 or 18 and a pulse-controlled inverter 20 or 22. The intermediate circuits formed by the capacitor bank 16 and 18 24 and 26 of the two partial converters 2 and 4 are electrically connected in parallel. For this purpose, a plurality of switches 28 are provided. As a switch 28, for example, a disconnector or a contactor is used. Since the intermediate circuits 24 and 26 are electrically connected in parallel, a common absorption circuit 30 and a common short-circuiter 32 can be used. Since the traction converter is divided into two partial converters 2 and 4, the traction transformer 10 has two windings 34 and 36 on the secondary side. The primary winding 38 is ei ^¬ nerseits linked to a drive wheel 40 and on the other hand by means of a switch 41 to a feed point 42nd At this feed point 42 is a single-phase Wechselspan ^¬ tion with 15kV / 16,7Hz or 25kV / 50Hz on. The two connections of each secondary winding 34 and 36 of this traction transformer 10 are in each case connected to an AC voltage-side connection 44, 46 or 48, 50 of the four-quadrant controller 12 or 14 by means of switches 43, 45 and 47, 49 connectable. At the AC-side terminals Rl, Sl, Tl or R2, S2, T2 of the pulse-controlled inverter 20 and 22, the traction motor 6 and 8 are connected. The four-quadrant controller 12 or 14 and the pulse inverter 20 or 22 of the partial converter 2 or 4 are electrically conductively connected to each other by means of the intermediate ^circuit 24 or 26 on the DC voltage side.

According to this equivalent circuit diagram, the four-quadrant controller 12 or 14 has two bridge branches and the pulse-controlled inverter 20 or 22 has three bridge branches. Each bridge branch has two turn-off semiconductor switches, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), which are electrically connected in series. Since each branch of the bridge forms a phase of the four-quadrant actuator 12 or 14 or a phase of the pulse-controlled inverter 20 and 22, this bridge branches are also referred to as Pha ^¬ senmodule. Thus, each partial converter 2 or 4 has at least five phase modules.

High performance locomotives usually have four traction motors 6, 8, of which two are arranged in a bogie ^¬ . Each traction motor 6, 8 is fed by a partial converter 2, 4. Two partial converters 2, 4 each form a traction converter of a bogie. By this division of a traction converter of a Drehge ^¬ stells in two partial converters 2, 4 a high avail ^¬ ability is ensured for power converter errors. Thus, a high-performance locomotive has two, each two Teilstrom ^¬ richter 2, 4 having traction converter, whereby a desired redundancy is ensured.

If this traction converter can also be operated in a DC voltage network, then the intermediate circuit of a traction converter can be connected directly to the feed point 42 by means of a mains choke, at which point a

DC voltage with 3kV or 1.5 kV is pending (Fig. 10 of the conference report). The engine design is such that a sufficiently large tilting moment reserve with minimal supply supply voltage (mains voltage) is ensured in 3kV DC operation. In AC operation, the DC link voltage which is dropped across a capacitor bank may be adjusted by a Übersetzungsver ^¬ ratio of the traction transformer and a four quadrant actuator desired. A value is chosen that corresponds approximately to the lowest mains voltage in 3kV DC operation. In l, 5kV DC operation is then because of the quadra ^¬ tables dependence of the overturning moment of the voltage only a quarter of the overturning moment in 3kV DC operation available.

In order to solve the problem of too small intermediate circuit voltage in 1.5 kV DC operation, a chopper, in particular a step-up converter, can be used. With a boost converter, the DC link voltage can be raised to any value above the mains voltage. From the conference report, a circuit for a traction converter is known, which uses a chopper, in particular a Tiefsetzstei ^¬ ler. Usually, a value is selected for the intermediate ^circuit voltage which the intermediate ^circuit voltage would already have in AC operation. For the construction of a boost converter, only one step-up converter throttle is required, which is connected on the one hand to a DC-side feed-in point and on the other hand to an AC-side connection of a four-quadrant drive. This gives a multi-system traction converter.

For the embodiment of the chopper, it is decisive which of the two available DC contact wire voltages is used as the input voltage of the chopper. If the DC voltage with 3kV is used as the input voltage, then the chopper is to be implemented as a step down converter. If, however, the DC voltage with 1.5kV is used as the input voltage, the chopper must be used as a boost converter. Both have in common that they have an actuator choke, a switchable switch and a capacitor. The difference is in the placement of the actuator throttle. If, in addition to an AC voltage supply, the traction converter can also be operated on a DC voltage supply, the two four-quadrant controllers 12 and 14 of the two component converters 2 and 4 would each have to be provided with a boost converter choke in accordance with the above-mentioned example of a multi-system traction converter become. Ge ^¬ genüber the embodiment of Fig. 7 of the conference report would be only two chokes up converter needed. However, these two boost converter chokes require a corresponding installation volume. In addition, the weight of the traction converter would increase considerably.

In order not to increase the Traktionsstromrichtergewicht and the installation volume ei ^¬ nes multi-system traction converter so much, you could use only one boost converter inductor ^¬ the. On the one hand, this would have to be linked in each case to an AC voltage-side connection of a four-quadrant controller of a partial converter and, on the other hand, to a supply point by means of a switch. By using only one up converter inductor a desired Redun ^¬ impedance would no longer be guaranteed, since the failure of a cutoff ^¬ cash semiconductor switch in the phase module of the four-quadrant controller of a partial power converter in use fail as a result ^¬ error, a turn-off semiconductor switch of the phase module of the four-quadrant controller of the second part ^¬ converter used would.

The invention is an object of the invention to provide a Mehrsys ^¬ tem traction converter, in which the effort for the boost converter is low in the desired redundancy.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Characterized in that the up converter inductor does not directly son ^¬ countries is respectively connected via a decoupling inductor with an AC-voltage side terminal of a four-quadrant of the two partial converters, is sufficient Decoupling of the two DC links of the two partial converter ensured in the event of a fault, whereby a required redundancy is met.

In contrast to the step-up converter choke, the throttle ^¬ decoupling have an inductance that is less than 10% of Indukti ^¬ tivity of the boost converter inductor. Thus, these Ent ^¬ coupling chokes are considerably less expensive, require a much smaller installation space and have a considerable borrowed lighter in weight compared to the boost choke.

In an advantageous embodiment of the multi-system traction converter, the decoupling chokes are magnetically coupled. As a result of this magnetic coupling, the number of turns of each decoupling ^{choke is} reduced at a predetermined inductance value, which further reduces the outlay for the decoupling choke. In addition, these decoupling chokes require even less installation volume.

To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawing, in which two embodiments of a multi-system traction converter according to the invention are illustrated schematically.

Fig. 1 shows a known embodiment of a redundant traction converter, the

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a multisystem traction converter according to the invention

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a multi-system traction converter according to the invention, in which

Fig. 4 signals a synchronous clocking of the turn-off

Semiconductor switch of the two boost converter of the multi-system traction converter of Fig. 2 ver ^¬ anschaulicht and in the

5 are signals of an alternating clocking of the turn-off semiconductor switch of the boost converter of the multi-system traction converter of FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a multi-system traction converter according to the invention. This embodiment differs from the embodiment of Fig. 1 in that the l, 5kV DC operating a step-up converter inductor 52 and two decoupling ^¬ chokes 54 and 56 are provided. These two decoupling chokes 54 and 56 are electrically connected in series. The connection point 58 of this series circuit is electrically connected to a terminal of the boost converter inductor 52. By means of its second terminal, these high ^¬ converter inductor 52 feeding point by a switch 66 to the input 42 connectable. The decoupling inductor 54 is au ^¬ ßerdem means of a switch 68 to the AC-side terminal 44 of the four-quadrant controller 12 of the one partial power converter 2 connected, wherein the decoupling inductor 56 also via a switch 70 to the AC voltage side terminal 48 of the four-quadrant controller 14 of the other partial converter 4 is connectable. Of these two Vierquadrantenstellern 12 and 14, each having two phase modules, only one phase module for the functionality of a boost converter are required in DC operation. The unneeded phase module of each four-quadrant ^¬ actuator 12, 14 is open draws ^¬ with a smaller line width. It can be used eg as a brake divider. The turn-off semiconductor switch, eg IGBTs, the two phase modules used of the two four-quadrant 12, 14 of the multi-system traction converter are denoted by Tu, T _i2 and T ₂ i, T ₂₂ . In addition to the connection of the throttle ^{scarf ¬} tion 60, the negative bus bars 62 and 64 of the two partial converters 2 and 4 each by means of a switch 72 and 74 with a drive wheel 40 of the bogie of a locomotive, in particular a high-performance locomotive, bar ^¬ bar. For reasons of clarity, the traction transformer 38 and its two secondary-side interconnections in this first embodiment of an inventive multiple system traction converter not shown in detail. At feed-in point 42, in AC operation, a contact wire voltage of 15 kV / 16.7 Hz or 25 kV / 50 Hz and in DC operation a contact wire voltage of 3 kV or 1.5 kV is present. With the throttle circuit 60 according to the invention, the redundantly designed traction converter can also be operated in a 1.5 kV DC mode in addition to an AC operation and a 3 kV DC operation.

Through the use of decoupling reactors 54 and 56, de-ren inductance much smaller values than the value of the inductance of the boost converter inductor 52, verrin ^¬ the space required and the installation space of the choke circuit 60 Gert considerably. Also, the Ge ^¬ weight of the traction converter substantially reduces.

FIG. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a multi-system traction converter according to the invention. For clarity, the component for the AC operation is not shown in detail in this illustration. This second embodiment under ^¬ differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 2, characterized in that the two decoupling coils are arranged on a common core 62 54 and 56. As a result, these two decoupling chokes 54 and 56 are magnetically coupled. Due to this magnetic coupling, the number of turns of each decoupling inductor 54 and 56 is considerably reduced at a vorbe ^¬ voted inductance value. As a result, these two decoupling chokes 54 and 56 require even less installation volume compared with the choke circuit 60 of the first embodiment of the multisystem traction converter according to the invention. Not only the installation volume decreases, but also the weight of the multi-system traction converter. That is, the cost of the boost converter circuit has further reduced.

By this choke circuit according to the invention of a redundantly constructed multi-system traction converter, the turn-off ^¬ baren semiconductor switch T ₁₁ , T _{12 of} the one phase module used for the functionality of the boost converter can a Vierquadrantenstellers 12 and the turn-off half ^¬ conductor switches T ₂ i, T ₂₂ of a phase module of the second four-quadrant controller 14 are clocked synchronously. Zugehöri ^¬ ge waveforms are shown in a diagram over the time t in FIG. 4 illustrates. As a result of this synchronous clocking of the turn-off semiconductor switches T ₁₁ , T ₂₁ and T _i2 , T22, the total current is divided in equal parts between the two phase modules of the two four-quadrant actuators 12 and 14. As a result, these two turn-off semiconductor switches Tu and T _i2 and T ₂ i, T22 have low forward losses.

In contrast to this synchronous clocking, these turn-off semiconductor switches T ₁₁ , T ₁₂ , T ₂₁ and T ₂₂ of the phase modules of the two four-quadrant controllers 12 and 14 used for the functionality of a boost converter can be alternately clocked. Corresponding signal profiles are each shown in greater detail in a diagram over the time t in FIG. 5. Due to this alternating timing, each turn-off semiconductor switch T ₁₁ , T ₁₂ and T ₂₁ , T _22, the total current. As a result, the current load on the turn-off semiconductor switches Tu, Ti ₂ , T ₂ i and T ₂₂ for the functionality of the boost converter is doubled compared to the synchronous timing, but over the switching frequency of these turn-off semiconductor switches T ₁₁ , T ₁₂ , T ₂₁ and T ₂₂ halves itself. This reduces the switching losses.

What timing for these semiconductor switches T _11, T _12, T ₂₁ and T to be used _22, depends on the choice of these semiconductor switches T _11, T _12, T ₂₁ and T _22, which in addition to realizing the functionality of the boost converter DC operation must also take over the implementation of self-commutated feed in AC operation. These two possibilities of clocking the turn-off semiconductor switch involved in the realization of the functionality of the settler

Tu, Ti ₂ and T ₂ i, T _{22 of} the corresponding phase modules of the two Vierquadrantensteller 12 and 14 of the two partial converters 2 and 4 of the multi-system traction converter allows the throttle circuit 60 according to the invention, which causes a very low cost when required redundancy.

Claims

claims

1. multi-system traction converter with at least two, each a four-quadrant controller (12, 14), a capacitor battery (16, 18) and a pulse inverter (20, 22) on ^¬ pointing, Teilstromrichtern (2, 4) whose intermediate circuits (24 , 26) are electrically connected in parallel, characterized in that in each case a Wechselspannungsseitiger input (44, 48) of a Vierquadrantenstellers (12, 14) of a partial power converter (2, 4) with a decoupling choke (54, 56) is connectable, which electrically are connected in series, and that a connection point (58) of this series circuit by means of a boost converter choke (52) with a feed point (42) is connectable.

2. Multi-system traction converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the decoupling reactors (54, 56) are magnetically coupled ^¬ table.

3. Multi-system traction converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each decoupling choke (54, 56) has an inductance which is less than 10% of an induct ^¬ tivity of the boost converter choke (52).

4. Multi-system traction converter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a switch (28, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74) is provided in each case a separator.

5. Multi-system traction converter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as a switch (28, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74) in each case a contactor is provided ^¬ see.

6. A method for operating the turn-off semiconductor switch (Tu, Ti ₂ , T ₂ i, T ₂₂ ) each of a phase module in each case a four-quadrant (12, 14) each Teilstromrich ^¬ ters (2, 4) of a multi-system traction converter, characterized characterized in that the upper turn-off semiconductor switches (Tu, T ₂ i) and the lower turn-off semiconductor switches (Ti ₂ , T ₂₂ ) of a phase module of each four-quadrant (12, 14) of the partial converter (2, 4) of the multi-system Traction converter clocked synchronously each ^¬ the.

7. A method for operating the turn-off semiconductor switches (Tu, Ti ₂ , T ₂ i, T ₂₂ ) in each case one phase module in each case of a four-quadrant controller (12, 14) in each case a Teilstromrich ^¬ ters (2, 4) of a multi-system traction converter, characterized in that these turn-off semiconductor switches (Tu, Ti ₂ , T ₂ i, T ₂₂ ) are clocked in chronological succession.