WO2008016072A1 - Audio and video communication system - Google Patents
Audio and video communication system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008016072A1 WO2008016072A1 PCT/JP2007/065051 JP2007065051W WO2008016072A1 WO 2008016072 A1 WO2008016072 A1 WO 2008016072A1 JP 2007065051 W JP2007065051 W JP 2007065051W WO 2008016072 A1 WO2008016072 A1 WO 2008016072A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/1813—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast for computer conferences, e.g. chat rooms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/1854—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with non-centralised forwarding system, e.g. chaincast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04L67/1044—Group management mechanisms
- H04L67/1053—Group management mechanisms with pre-configuration of logical or physical connections with a determined number of other peers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
- H04L67/1087—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
- H04L67/1089—Hierarchical topologies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L69/161—Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields
- H04L69/162—Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields involving adaptations of sockets based mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/15—Conference systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
- H04L65/1013—Network architectures, gateways, control or user entities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an audio / video communication system, and more particularly to an audio / video communication system developed from P2P technology on the Internet.
- SKYPE is an IP phone system that uses P2P technology, and without using a server, call charges are free and can be used even with a firewall.
- the communication range is up to 5 people and communication with a large number of nodes is not possible.
- the electronic blackboard system is an educational support system that uses P2P technology, and it can send a large amount of data to a large number of nodes by combining a large number of nodes with a complete binary tree structure.
- a node manager is used for node management, and as the number of nodes increases, management may become unsatisfactory, and it is limited to one-to-many data transfer of a single data. Has the problem of only sharing data
- BATON is a P2P search system using a balanced binary tree structure. Nodes can be added, deleted, and searched in time O (logN), and the burden on the root node is not S. However, it is necessary to maintain and manage the tables included in the node, and there are cases where multiple nodes that move the tree are required by adding or deleting nodes. If you have difficulty, you will have problems!
- Non-patent document 1 Electronic blackboard system for distributed network environment using TCP, Journal of Information Processing Society, Vol. 43, No. 1, 176-; 184 pages
- Patent Document 2 BATON, A Balanced Tree Structure for Peer_to_Peer Networks, Proceedings of the 31st VLDB Conference, pp6ol-672
- the object of the present invention is to enable simultaneous communication between a large number of nodes at a low cost in real time using a technology and the Internet, and to communicate over a firewall.
- the purpose is to provide a voice / image communication system that can transmit and receive and flexibly cope with the participation and withdrawal of new nodes.
- the first invention provides:
- Nodes participating in one call group have first and second lower node connections, and hold the total number of nodes connected to the first and second lower nodes.
- the connection is autonomously adjusted so that the connection between the nodes becomes a complete binary tree structure.
- the data power transmitted by one node in the call group reaches all nodes in the call group within a time proportional to the logarithm of the number of nodes;
- each of the nodes has at least a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connection to an upper node and the first and second lower nodes.
- TCP Transmission Control Protocol
- the root node links the new node to the first lower node connection and the first lower node If the first subnode connection is not empty and the second subnode connection is empty, link the new node to the second subnode connection and add If ⁇ 1 "is added to the weight information of the second lower node, and the weight information of the first lower node is less than or equal to the weight information of the second lower node, the first lower node Inquire about the addition of a new node, add ⁇ 1 "to the weight information of the first lower node, and if the weight information of the first lower node exceeds the weight information of the second lower node Query the second subordinate node to add a new node and add ⁇ 1 "to the weight information of the second subordinate node,
- each node has a TCP connection to the upper node and a connection to the first and second lower nodes, and the weight information of the first lower node and the second lower node Therefore, it is possible to flexibly deal with the joining and leaving of new nodes based on the weight information of the first and second lower nodes, and the time for adding and deleting nodes is extremely short. That's it.
- a node leaves or when a failure occurs in a node, it does not affect the whole.
- the audio / video communication system according to the present invention is compared with the conventionally known SKYPE, electronic blackboard system, and BATON.
- SKYPE is an IP phone system using P2P technology.
- the maximum number of nodes that can participate in one call group is 5 as shown in Fig. 1 (A).
- the communication system according to the present invention is a combination of a plurality of nodes in a complete binary tree structure as shown in FIG. 1 (B), and a large number of nodes can participate. Yes, you can talk with a delay of the logarithm of the number of participating nodes, and you can add and search nodes in a short time.
- the electronic blackboard system uses a group manager for node management, and the nodes are connected in a complete binary tree structure. Management is complicated in that it uses a group manager.
- the communication system according to the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 4, all nodes are similar in that each node is connected in a complete binary tree structure. It takes the form of management. Therefore, even when nodes join and leave frequently, the load concentration on a specific node is small.
- BATON is a P2P system using a balanced binary tree structure as shown in Fig. 3 (A), and each node has a variable-length routing table shown in Fig. 3 (B). Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the table. When the balance of the tree is lost due to the addition or deletion of nodes, it is necessary to move multiple nodes. At this time, it is also necessary to change the routing table.
- the communication system according to the present invention has the data structure shown in FIG. 3C, and includes a TCP connection unit to the upper node, a connection unit (socket) to the lower left node, and a lower right node.
- connection part (socket) and a control program, and has weight information of the left lower node and weight information of the right lower node. Since it does not have a variable-length data structure to maintain the nodes that make up the tree, the processing when adding and leaving nodes is simple and fast.
- the processing time is O (logN) for both forces S and BATON are complex. In the communication system according to the present invention, only one node needs to be moved by adding or deleting nodes.
- FIG. 1 (A) is an explanatory diagram showing the basic structure of SKYPE, and (B) is an explanatory diagram showing the basic structure of the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (A) is an explanatory view showing the basic structure of the electronic blackboard system, and (B) is an explanatory view showing the basic structure of the audio-video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 (A) is an explanatory diagram showing the basic structure of BATON, (B) is a chart of a routing table held by each node of BATON, and (C) is each of the voice image communication system according to the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the data structure of a node.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of each node in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of a proxy object in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a complete binary tree structure in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of a standby group node in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a data structure of a call group node in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example in which nine terminals form a standby group and two call groups.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a process periodically performed to obtain a complete binary tree structure.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process for transmitting the sum of the left and right weights to the upper node.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing processing when there is no response from the upper node.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing processing for adding a new node.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing processing when an inquiry is made to add a new local node.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing the other party's calling process.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a node search process.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing node parallel search processing.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing node parallel search processing.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an upper node exchange process.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a process for obtaining a new node candidate when a failure occurs.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing node connection change processing in the audio / video communication system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a connection change process.
- prepare a terminal such as a mobile terminal or broadband router
- initial settings such as user registration are performed. It is not necessary for the user to distinguish between local and global addresses.
- the terminal is activated. As a result, the terminal enters a “waiting state”. When the software is terminated or the terminal is turned off, the standby state is terminated.
- the caller When the other party is called, if the call is busy, the caller will be busy and the receiver will be notified that the call has been made. At this time, if the caller has set up user ID notification, the ID is displayed. Here, when the receiver clicks the “call” button, the calling party joins the conversation.
- the upper limit of the number of terminals (number of users) that can participate in one group is assumed to be 100 or more. If the processing speed of terminals and the communication speed between terminals are constant, and N is the number of terminals, O (logN) Conversation is possible with a delay time of. Even if the number of participating terminals increases from 10 to 100, the delay is doubled.
- C force S Click the “call” button to call B, and if it gets an approval to call A, B sets A to receive audio / images.
- the terminal (call terminal software) has the following data structure shown in Fig. 4.
- User's user ID Corresponds to a telephone number and assumes the use of an email address.
- 'Call destination cache A set of pointers (a set of user ID IP address and port number) to the call destination node. The initial value is empty.
- Standby group node Identified by IP address and port number.
- Socket to connect to the proxy object The initial value is empty and is used when this terminal is in the local network.
- Socket to connect to backup of proxy object The initial value is empty and is used when this terminal is on the local network.
- a proxy object is an object that is activated on a computer of a terminal on behalf of a local network terminal when a terminal in the local network (local terminal) participates in this communication system.
- Proxy objects allow calls across the local network's terminal NAT / firewall.
- the proxy object has the following data structure shown in FIG.
- the standby group is a group of standby groups joined by a TCP connection in a complete binary tree structure.
- a complete binary tree structure is a structure in which the distance to the root is almost constant for every leaf.
- the node When a node enters a standby state, the node becomes a node of a tree constituting the standby group.
- the mechanism for connecting nodes to a complete binary tree structure will be described later.
- Using a group manager like the electronic blackboard system can ease the limitation on the number of nodes included in this group.
- a failure occurs in a node of a node, it has a function to replace it with another node and repair it. This function will also be described later.
- a one-dot chain line with an arrow indicates that the node holds information on the node at the tip (two above) of the arrow! /.
- the other lines indicate TCP connections! /
- the standby group node has the following data structure shown in FIG.
- 'Weight of lower left node The number of all nodes that can be traced from the left node. The initial value is 0.
- Weight of lower right node The number of all nodes that can be traced from the right node. The initial value is 0.
- the call group is a combination of the call duplex nodes of the nodes that are talking among the nodes of the standby group in a complete binary tree structure, and is connected in the same manner as in FIG. Data sent by a node in one call group reaches all nodes in that group.
- a plurality of call groups can be configured within the standby group.
- the call group configuration method and management method are the same as in the standby group.
- the call group node has the following data structure shown in FIG.
- TCP connection socket to the upper node The initial value is empty, and is empty for the root node.
- Socket to which the lower left node is connected The initial value is empty, and in the case of leaf nodes, it is empty.
- Socket to which the right lower node is connected The initial value is empty, and in the case of leaf nodes, it is empty.
- IP address of two higher nodes The initial value is empty.
- 'Weight of lower left node The number of all nodes that can be traced from the left node. The initial value is 0.
- Weight of lower right node The number of all nodes that can be traced from the right node. The initial value is 0.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which the communication system forms a standby group and two call groups.
- terminals A to G are global network terminals
- terminals H and I are local network terminals.
- Standby group for global network terminals A to G The node forms a standby group! /
- the proxy object for terminal H in the local network is at terminal D and its backup is at terminal B.
- the proxy object for terminal I in the local network is on terminal F and its backup is on terminal C.
- the call node of terminal B and the call nodes of terminals H and I in the local network form call group 1 via the proxy object, and calls can be made between terminals B, H, and I.
- the call nodes of terminals C, F, and G constitute call group 2, and calls can be made between terminals C, F, and G.
- step Sl • Add ⁇ 1 ”to the sum of the“ weights ”of the two lower nodes connected to you to give your weight, and tell the upper nodes to which you are connected (step Sl). If you are the root (yes in step S11), do not tell the weight to the upper node, if you do not have the lower node (yes in steps S12, S14), set the weight of the lower node to 0 (step S13, S15
- step S2 Search and memorize the IP address and port number of the node two higher than you (step S2). If a failure occurs in one upper node, exchange information with the two upper nodes to correct the group status. This correction will be described later. For the root node and the node directly connected to it, “empty” is stored.
- step S31 When a query to add a new node is made to any standby group node, if the left lower node socket is empty (yes in S31), the new node is linked to the left lower node socket as a lower node of that node ( In step S32), “1” is added to the weight of the left lower node (step S33). Otherwise, if the right lower node socket is empty (yes in step S34), link the new node as a lower node of that node to the right lower node socket (step S35) and set the weight of the right lower node to ' T 'is added (step S36).
- step S37 if the weight of the left lower node is less than or equal to the weight of the right lower node (yes in step S37), the left lower node is queried to add a new node (step S38). "1" is added to the size (step S39). Otherwise (no in step S37), the right lower node is inquired about the addition of a new node (step S40), and "1" is added to the weight of the right lower node (step S41).
- the root node of the standby group is inquired about the addition of a new local terminal, and when a reply is received, a TCP connection is made to the IP address and port number.
- step S51 When an inquiry to add a new local terminal is made to a node in an arbitrary standby group, the following processing shown in FIG. 14 is performed, and the result is returned to the inquiring local terminal. • If the left and right lower node sockets are empty (yes in step S51), the proxy object of the new local terminal is added to the set of its proxy objects, and the IP address and port number of the proxy object are the result (step S52). ).
- the number of surrogate objects in the left subnode is the surrogate object in the right subnode. If the number is less than the number of jettes and less than the number of proxy objects (yes in step S53), the left lower node is inquired to add a new local terminal and the response is returned (step S54). .
- step S55 ask the right lower node to add a new local terminal. As a result (step S 56).
- step S55 the proxy object of the new local terminal is added to the set of its own proxy objects, and the IP address and port number of this proxy object are the result (step S57).
- the number of proxy objects of the nodes in the standby group is added so as to be close to the same number in each node.
- the call of the other party performs the following processing shown in FIG. That is, a “node search” for the other party of the call is performed (step S61). If the result is empty (yes in step S62), a message indicating that the other party cannot be found is displayed and the process ends. Otherwise, the following processing is performed.
- step S63 If you are a terminal on the global network (yes in step S63), the other party's call node is the root node of the call group, and you try to connect your call node to the root node (step S64).
- Step S63 If you are a local network terminal (no in step S63), use the other party's call node as the root node of the call group, and try to connect the call node of your proxy object to the root node ( Step S65).
- Node search is a process of searching where a node with the user ID of the other party first exists when calling the other party.
- the node search is executed as shown in Fig. 16.
- Step S78 If node information with the other party's user ID is stored in the set (cache) of the call destination node. If stored (yes in step S71), try to connect to that node (step S72), and if successful (yes in step S73), call this (Step S78). By holding the communication destination node, the node search load in the standby group is reduced.
- step S71 a node parallel search is requested to the root node of the standby node group (step S74). If the result is empty! / (No in step S75), the result is added to the callee node set (step S77), and this is set as the calling node (step S78). If the result is empty (yes in step S75), the other party connects to the network and informs the user that he / she is vice versa (step S76).
- FIG. 17 and FIG. 17 When a node parallel search is requested for any standby group node, FIG. 17 and FIG.
- node parallel search The following processing (node parallel search) shown in 18 is performed, and the result is returned to the requested node.
- step S81 If it is the user ID of the node that includes me (standby gnorape node) (yes in step S81), the result is the IP address and port number of my call group node (steps S82, S92) .
- step S83 If it is in the node of its proxy object set (yes in step S83), the IP address and port number of the node are obtained as a result (steps S84, S92). • Otherwise, if both the left and right lower node sockets are empty (yes in step S85), it is returned empty (steps S86, S92).
- step S85 if the left lower node socket is not empty (yes in step S87), a node parallel search is requested to the left lower node (step S88). In parallel with this, if the right lower node socket is not empty (yes in step S89), a node parallel search is requested to the right lower node (step S90).
- All call group nodes participating in the call group perform the following processing at regular intervals.
- the left and right lower node sockets of the new node are empty.
- the left lower node is queried for the addition of a new node, and "1" is added to the left lower node weight.
- Proxy objects have a one-to-one correspondence with local terminals! Information that arrives at the proxy object is transmitted to the local terminal as it is, and information that is transmitted from the local terminal is transmitted as it is to the proxy object. This allows local terminals to communicate in the same way as global network terminals.
- the proxy object periodically exchanges information such as checking whether it is alive or not with the corresponding local terminal.
- the backup proxy object also exchanges information with the local terminal.
- the proxy object stops responding the local terminal corresponding to this makes the backup proxy object a new proxy object.
- this local terminal When there is no response from all the proxy objects including the knock-up node, this local terminal is added as a new local terminal to the standby loop. If the local terminal corresponding to the proxy object is no longer responding, this proxy object disappears.
- the node failure countermeasure described below is essentially a node exchange process, and is common to the standby group and the call group.
- the two upper nodes obtain the IP address and port number of the upper node (the node in which the failure occurs when viewed from the two upper nodes) and the new node candidate (step S 101).
- Step S111 • Perform the leaf node extraction process described below (Step S111), and add the IP address and port number of the host node, the IP address and port number of the upper node, and the result to the new node candidate. (Step S112).
- the two higher-order nodes use the previously received new node candidate as a new node. to this In addition, the left and right lower node information sent together with the result is obtained, and the connection change process described below is performed (step S102).
- the weight of the processed sub-tree may be reduced by one and the balance of the tree may be lost.
- O O
- the node is always fully 2 minutes because it is added to the light weight subtree. It is adjusted autonomously to form a tree structure.
- the leaf node retrieval process is common to the standby group and the call group, and is performed for node replacement when a failure occurs. In other words, the node repeatedly hits the heavier branch itself, and when it reaches the leaf, it can be realized by taking out the leaf.
- leaf nodes can be extracted within O (logN) time.
- node B obtains the IP addresses and port numbers of nodes A, C, and D (step S132). Nodes C and D are each notified to Node B when they are missing. In node A, nodes C and D search for candidates by leaf node extraction processing and are notified to node B whichever comes first.
- node A When the left lower node of node B is a faulty node, node A is connected to the left lower node socket of node B. If the right lower node of node B is a faulty node, node A is connected to the right lower node socket of node B (step S133). Node B delivers nodes C and D to node A (step S134).
- node A connects node C to the left lower node socket, and connects node D to the right lower node socket (step S 135).
- Nodes C and D may be empty. If nodes A and C are the same, the lower left node of node A is empty. Similarly, if nodes A and D are the same, the lower right node is emptied (step S136).
- Node exchange processing During regular exchange of information between nodes, if there is no response from the left or right! /, Or any of the lower nodes, the following node exchange processing is performed assuming that a failure has occurred in the lower node.
- the unresponsive subordinate node If the weight of the unresponsive subordinate node is 2 or more among the left and right subordinate nodes, it waits for a node replacement request from the two lower nodes, and if that request arrives, the corresponding processing is performed. Do.
- the unresponsive node is a leaf node, so a backup of the unresponsive proxy object set is added to the proxy object set.
- a more stable communication system can be configured by installing this communication system in a home broadband router.
- Home broadband routers have global addresses and are usually turned on for 24 hours.
- Software can be automatically updated by communication between nodes in the standby group.
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008527768A JP5186624B2 (ja) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-08-01 | 音声・画像通信システム |
| US12/364,687 US8477659B2 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2009-02-03 | Audio/video communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-213625 | 2006-08-04 | ||
| JP2006213625 | 2006-08-04 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/364,687 Continuation US8477659B2 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2009-02-03 | Audio/video communication system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008016072A1 true WO2008016072A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/065051 Ceased WO2008016072A1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-08-01 | Audio and video communication system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8477659B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5186624B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101496358A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008016072A1 (ja) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100235208A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | Naim Valensi | System and methods for balancing binary trees |
| US9667528B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-05-30 | Vmware, Inc. | Fast lookup and update of current hop limit |
| CN105681406B (zh) * | 2016-01-04 | 2018-10-02 | 北京众享比特科技有限公司 | 去中心化的即时通讯群组信息存储方法和系统 |
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| JPH0884157A (ja) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | データ集約システム |
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| US7536472B2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2009-05-19 | Network Foundation Technologies, Llc | Systems for distributing data over a computer network and methods for arranging nodes for distribution of data over a computer network |
| WO2007087363A2 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-02 | Brown University | Efficient content authentication in peer-to-peer networks |
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- 2007-08-01 WO PCT/JP2007/065051 patent/WO2008016072A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2007-08-01 CN CN200780027932.3A patent/CN101496358A/zh active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0884157A (ja) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | データ集約システム |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| KUNICHIKA Y. ET AL.: "IN2003-210 Yobi Oya Tansaku Kino o Yushita Application Level Multicast (Application Level Multicast with Backup Parent Searching Function)", IEICE TECHNICAL REPORT, vol. 103, no. 691, 26 February 2004 (2004-02-26), pages 7 - 12, XP003021018 * |
| YAMANOUE T.: "P2P Gijutsu o Riyo shita Bunsan System-jo no Jitsujikan Sosa Kyoyu System (A System Which Shares the Common Operation on a Distributed System in Realtime Using P2P Technology)", TRANSACTIONS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY OF JAPAN, vol. 46, no. 2, 15 February 2005 (2005-02-15), pages 392 - 402, XP003021017 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5186624B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
| US8477659B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
| JPWO2008016072A1 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
| CN101496358A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
| US20090133082A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
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