WO2008015345A9 - Three-dimensional physical system and method for reconstructing the appearance of a three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation - Google Patents

Three-dimensional physical system and method for reconstructing the appearance of a three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation

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Publication number
WO2008015345A9
WO2008015345A9 PCT/FR2007/001340 FR2007001340W WO2008015345A9 WO 2008015345 A9 WO2008015345 A9 WO 2008015345A9 FR 2007001340 W FR2007001340 W FR 2007001340W WO 2008015345 A9 WO2008015345 A9 WO 2008015345A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light sources
physical system
dimensional physical
dimensional
deformation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/001340
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008015345A3 (en
WO2008015345A2 (en
Inventor
Remi Brun
Original Assignee
Remi Brun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Remi Brun filed Critical Remi Brun
Priority to EP07823393.9A priority Critical patent/EP2047173B1/en
Publication of WO2008015345A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008015345A2/en
Publication of WO2008015345A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008015345A3/en
Publication of WO2008015345A9 publication Critical patent/WO2008015345A9/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/008—Leisure, hobby or sport articles, e.g. toys, games or first-aid kits; Hand tools; Toolboxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S10/00—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
    • F21S10/06—Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect flashing, e.g. with rotating reflector or light source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/0004—Personal or domestic articles
    • F21V33/0024—Household or table equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional physical system for restoring the appearance of a three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation and a method for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object by means of such a system.
  • the physical system may, for example, be a sculpture, a decorative object or an object for scientific or educational purposes.
  • animated sculptures having the form of an object to be represented are known. These sculptures are animated, they allow to restore the animation of a three-dimensional object. These sculptures can be provided with light sources representing the shape of the object. Such sculptures are described in particular in US 2005/0047119, US 6,394,282, US 6,626,553 or US 5,784,815.
  • this type of system does not allow to represent a movement or deformation of an object in a sufficiently fine and three-dimensional so that the viewer can perceive an illusion of a real movement or deformation.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a three-dimensional system for faithfully reproducing the appearance of an object in three dimensions during its deformation.
  • the invention relates, in its most general sense, to a three-dimensional physical system for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation.
  • the system consists of:
  • a programmer arranged to control the light sources so that the relative position of each light source corresponds to the relative position of the corresponding point of said object, during its dynamic deformation, at successive instants.
  • deformation encompasses movements or alterations in the shape of an object over time.
  • the dynamic deformation is reversible, that is to say that the points constituting the object remain physically bound and retain a physical coherence during the deformation.
  • the term light source in the sense of the present description includes primary light sources as well as secondary sources that reflect, diffuse or diffract light.
  • the present invention is a visual medium in volume reproducing a movement of very high quality, closer to the real movement.
  • the deformation of the object is restored by a physical system which is three-dimensional and the physical object in deformation can thus be visualized from various positions of the space.
  • the deformation of the object is accurately represented because the position of the light sources corresponds precisely to the position of the corresponding point of the object.
  • the approach is the opposite of the approach of sculptors who make statues representing the subject with the greatest force in trying to make the movement feel in a fixed posture. Indeed, showing only a few light sources in motion, we suggest everything that is not motion and that has been removed: shapes, textures, colors and volumes.
  • the principle of the invention is as follows: it is sufficient to see very few light sources, well placed on a moving object (or deformation) to allow the brain to perceive the general movement of the complete body with great finesse.
  • the three-dimensional object may especially represent movements of animals (galloping horse, cheetah race, ...), dancers, sportsmen, see any scenes.
  • animals galloping horse, cheetah race, ...), dancers, sportsmen, see any scenes.
  • the light sources are organized in fixed three-dimensional subsets, each of said subsets corresponding to the trajectory of a characteristic point of the object during its deformation.
  • the programmer comprises means for sequentially controlling the switching on and off of the light sources so as to reproduce the position of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
  • control means are arranged to perform a succession of complete cycles of the deformation of the object for each subset, the cycle times of each subset being identical.
  • control means of the subsets are synchronous.
  • the subassembly control means are asynchronous, the lighting times being specific to each light source.
  • the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by a wire structure.
  • the light sources are constituted by point sources embedded in a transparent matrix.
  • this matrix can be achieved by rapid prototyping techniques allowing a relatively rapid realization of said three-dimensional system.
  • the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by strained son structures.
  • the realization of the system according to the invention can be fast and the system can accurately reproduce the real movement.
  • At least part of the light sources are constituted by means for focusing a light beam in a scattering medium or by means of pointing a light beam on light reflecting elements.
  • At least part of the light sources are supported by moving elements controlled by the programmer to move each light source along a path representative of the corresponding characteristic point of the object during its deformation.
  • This alternative has the advantage of allowing the return of the appearance of an object for a long time without requiring a complex installation of trajectories.
  • this embodiment allows overlapping paths of the light sources.
  • a light source s can be located at a position p at a time t while another light source s + 1 can also be located at said position p at a time t + 1.
  • said movable elements are articulated arms controlled by the programmer.
  • said movable elements are movable members moving on rails defining trajectories representative of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
  • said movable elements are a set of cables ensuring the displacement of each light source according to its predefined path, the pulling of the cables being controlled by the programmer.
  • the programmer is a computer or a mechanical device.
  • the volume represented by the light spots and the opaque supports of said light sources represent less than 1% of the volume of the envelope of the object represented.
  • the light sources can be replaced by visible points thanks to a strong contrast with their environment.
  • the invention relates to a method for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation using a three-dimensional physical system according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the method comprises a step of acquiring the trajectories of the points of said object that are characteristic of its deformation and a step of controlling the light sources as a function of the data acquired during said acquisition step.
  • the acquisition step is obtained by a motion capture method.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the trajectories of the light sources for a three-dimensional system for the representation of a galloping horse
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 represent projections of the trajectories of the light sources, respectively in the horizontal plane XZ and in the sagittal plane YZ
  • FIG. 4 shows the block diagram of an electronic control circuit.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the three-dimensional trajectories of the light sources for a three-dimensional system according to the invention. According to this realization, 18 light sources make it possible to restore the appearance of a galloping horse.
  • This achievement corresponds to the volume representation of a galloping horse, which was reduced to an on-site gallop cycle lasting approximately 0.6 seconds.
  • the method provides a preliminary step of acquisition of the trajectory points of the horse during its movement.
  • This acquisition step may in particular be carried out by a "motion capture” method.
  • a horse with markers placed at points characteristic of the movement of the horse is recorded by a video recording device.
  • the recorded video is processed by computer means to obtain said trajectories.
  • the invention is not limited to this mode of acquisition trajectories. Indeed, one could also choose to process computer animation drawings or computer graphics to obtain said trajectories.
  • the light sources 2 are organized in fixed subsets, each of the subsets corresponding to the trajectory of a point of the horse during its galloping movement.
  • This example is based on an armature-based approach 1 supporting series of light-emitting diodes 2 which light up successively 3.
  • the light sources 2 consist, for example, of light-emitting diodes soldered on two conducting strands, one forming a closed armature describing the trajectory to be represented, the other being connected to the programmer.
  • the frames can be mounted on a wire support, not shown.
  • the shape of the trajectories and therefore the configuration of each of the frames 1 is obtained from the capture of the movement of the points on a real horse.
  • the programmer is connected to the diodes and comprises means for sequentially controlling the switching on and off of the diodes.
  • the light-emitting diodes 2 light up successively so as to reproduce the trajectory of the point considered.
  • the lighting of the light sources 1 is synchronous and controlled by an electronic circuit.
  • Each path is for example composed of 15 diodes 2 lighting successively every 0.04 seconds.
  • the ignition control means of the diodes 2 of the subassemblies are asynchronous.
  • the lighting duration of the light sources is therefore specific to each point. Thus, it will be possible to provide important lighting times for points that are not very mobile during the horse movement and shorter lighting times for more mobile points.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to produce sub-assemblies consisting of sequences of light-emitting diodes whose distance between said diodes is fixed because the lighting duration can be varied as a function of the speed of displacement of the considered point.
  • the realization of the subsets can be simplified.
  • the light sources are constituted by point light sources which are included in a transparent matrix.
  • This transparent matrix may, for example, be made by stereo lithography with polymeric materials.
  • the light sources are constituted by point sources which are supported by son secured to their two ends.
  • This embodiment allows a relatively simple and precise implementation of point sources. Indeed, it is sufficient for the operator to place the light source (s) at the desired distance from one end of the wire and then to stretch the wire between two established points.
  • the light sources may be constituted by means for focusing a light beam or by means of pointing a light beam on reflective elements, diffusing, diffracting or refracting light.
  • the programmer may in particular control the orientation of the light beams which will successively point to focusing means or the reflective elements diffusing, diffracting or refracting materializing the trajectory of the point considered.
  • the light sources are movable along the trajectories of the characteristic points of the movement of the object, during its deformation.
  • the light sources can be mounted on articulated arms in three dimensions whose movement is controlled by the programmer.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to restore the appearance of an object for a long time without having to physically realize the trajectory of the light sources.
  • this mode makes it possible to restore the appearance of more complex dynamic deformations.
  • the light sources are carried by carriages whose movement is controlled by the programmer, and which move on one or more rails along the path of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
  • the light sources can be carried by cables mechanically displaced to follow the desired path and whose movement is controlled by the programmer.
  • the light sources may be light-emitting diodes or simply colored elements having a sufficient contrast with their environment. These elements may in particular be white or fluorescent elements in a dark environment or dark elements in a bright environment.
  • the programmer may be a mechanical device, an electronic computer or computer control means.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the projections on the horizontal plane XZ and the sagittal plane YZ of the trajectories of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 shows the block diagram of an electronic circuit for successively lighting the 15 diodes of each path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a three-dimensional physical system for reconstructing the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation. The system is composed of a plurality of light sources corresponding to points of said object which are characteristic of said deformations, separated by a mainly transparent space, said plurality of sources not representing the shape of the object, and a programming unit adapted for controlling the light sources so that the relative position of each light source corresponds to the relative position of the corresponding point of said object during the reversible dynamic deformation of same. The invention also concerns a method for reconstructing the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation using a three-dimensional physical system according to the first aspect of the invention.

Description

Système physique tridimensionnel et procédé pour la restitution de l'apparence d'un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique réversible Three-dimensional physical system and method for restoring the appearance of a three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation
La présente invention concerne un système physique tridimensionnel permettant de restituer l'apparence d'un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique ainsi qu'un procédé de restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel au moyen d'un tel système.The present invention relates to a three-dimensional physical system for restoring the appearance of a three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation and a method for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object by means of such a system.
Le système physique peut, par exemple, être une sculpture, un objet décoratif ou un objet à visée scientifique ou pédagogique.The physical system may, for example, be a sculpture, a decorative object or an object for scientific or educational purposes.
Dans l'art antérieur, il est connu des sculptures animées ayant la forme d'un objet à représenter. Ces sculptures étant animées, elles permettent de restituer l'animation d'un objet tridimensionnel. Ces sculptures peuvent êtres pourvues de sources lumineuses représentant la forme de l'objet. De telles sculptures sont notamment décrites dans les documents US 2005/0047119, US 6 394 282, US 6 626 553 ou US 5 784 815.In the prior art, animated sculptures having the form of an object to be represented are known. These sculptures are animated, they allow to restore the animation of a three-dimensional object. These sculptures can be provided with light sources representing the shape of the object. Such sculptures are described in particular in US 2005/0047119, US 6,394,282, US 6,626,553 or US 5,784,815.
Toutefois, ce type de système ne permet pas de représenter un mouvement ou une déformation d'un objet d'une façon suffisamment fine et en trois dimensions pour que le spectateur puisse percevoir une illusion d'un mouvement ou d'une déformation réel.However, this type of system does not allow to represent a movement or deformation of an object in a sufficiently fine and three-dimensional so that the viewer can perceive an illusion of a real movement or deformation.
En effet, ces systèmes ont recours d'une façon plus ou moins schématique à la représentation physique de la forme du sujet de l'animation. Cette représentation est reconnaissable quand l'objet est immobile et « prend vie » quand l'objet bouge.Indeed, these systems resort more or less schematically to the physical representation of the shape of the subject of the animation. This representation is recognizable when the object is motionless and "comes alive" when the object moves.
Ces systèmes sont ainsi composés de différents éléments solides, ayant une forme déterminée, et articulés les uns aux autres. Ainsi, il n'est pas possible de représenter de manière réaliste des déformations desdits objets. II est également connu des méthodes de stéréoscopie, d'holographie ou toutes autres méthodes donnant une impression de relief à partir d'images plates reproduites ou projetées sur un écran.These systems are thus composed of different solid elements, having a specific shape, and articulated to each other. Thus, it is not possible to realistically represent deformations of said objects. Methods of stereoscopy, holography or any other method giving a relief impression from flat images reproduced or projected on a screen are also known.
Toutefois, ces systèmes ne sont pas des objets physiques en trois dimensions permettant de représenter un mouvement ou une déformation d'un objet.However, these systems are not physical objects in three dimensions to represent a movement or deformation of an object.
La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un système tridimensionnel permettant de restituer de manière fidèle l'apparence d'un objet en trois dimensions lors de sa déformation.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a three-dimensional system for faithfully reproducing the appearance of an object in three dimensions during its deformation.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne selon son acception la plus générale, un système physique tridimensionnel pour la restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique.For this purpose, the invention relates, in its most general sense, to a three-dimensional physical system for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation.
Ledit système est constitué par :The system consists of:
- une pluralité de sources lumineuses correspondant à des points dudit objet caractéristiques desdites déformations, séparées par un espace principalement transparent, ladite pluralité de sources lumineuses ne représentant pas la forme de l'objet, eta plurality of light sources corresponding to points of said object that are characteristic of said deformations, separated by a predominantly transparent space, said plurality of light sources not representing the shape of the object, and
- un programmateur agencé pour commander les sources lumineuses de manière à ce que la position relative de chaque source lumineuse corresponde à la position relative du point correspondant dudit objet, lors de sa déformation dynamique, à des instants successifs.a programmer arranged to control the light sources so that the relative position of each light source corresponds to the relative position of the corresponding point of said object, during its dynamic deformation, at successive instants.
On notera que, au sens du présent document, le terme déformation englobe les mouvements ou les altérations de la forme d'un objet au cours du temps.It should be noted that, as used herein, the term deformation encompasses movements or alterations in the shape of an object over time.
En outre, la déformation dynamique est réversible, c'est à dire que les points composants l'objet restent physiquement liés et conservent une cohérence physique lors de la déformation. Par ailleurs, le terme source lumineuse au sens de la présente description inclut les sources de lumière primaire ainsi que les sources secondaires qui réfléchissent, diffusent ou diffractent la lumière.In addition, the dynamic deformation is reversible, that is to say that the points constituting the object remain physically bound and retain a physical coherence during the deformation. Moreover, the term light source in the sense of the present description includes primary light sources as well as secondary sources that reflect, diffuse or diffract light.
La présente invention est un support visuel en volume reproduisant un mouvement de très haute qualité, au plus proche du mouvement réel.The present invention is a visual medium in volume reproducing a movement of very high quality, closer to the real movement.
Selon l'invention, la déformation de l'objet est restituée par un système physique qui est tridimensionnel et l'objet physique en déformation peut ainsi être visualisé à partir de diverses positions de l'espace.According to the invention, the deformation of the object is restored by a physical system which is three-dimensional and the physical object in deformation can thus be visualized from various positions of the space.
En outre, la déformation de l'objet est représentée de façon précise car la position des sources lumineuses correspond précisément à la position du point correspondant de l'objet.In addition, the deformation of the object is accurately represented because the position of the light sources corresponds precisely to the position of the corresponding point of the object.
Selon l'invention, l'approche est à l'opposé de l'approche des sculpteurs qui réalisent des statues représentant le sujet avec le plus de force en essayant de faire sentir le mouvement dans une posture figée. En effet, en ne montrant que quelques sources lumineuses en mouvements, on suggère tout ce qui n'est pas du mouvement et qui a été supprimé : les formes, les textures, les couleurs et les volumes.According to the invention, the approach is the opposite of the approach of sculptors who make statues representing the subject with the greatest force in trying to make the movement feel in a fixed posture. Indeed, showing only a few light sources in motion, we suggest everything that is not motion and that has been removed: shapes, textures, colors and volumes.
Le principe de l'invention est le suivant : il suffit de voir très peu de sources lumineuses, bien placés sur un objet en mouvement (ou déformation) pour permettre au cerveau de percevoir le mouvement général du corps complet avec une grande finesse.The principle of the invention is as follows: it is sufficient to see very few light sources, well placed on a moving object (or deformation) to allow the brain to perceive the general movement of the complete body with great finesse.
En outre, il est déterminant que la position de ces sources lumineuses reproduisent précisément la position des points de l'objet lors de sa déformation, ce qui est notamment possible par des technique de motion capture (d'autres solutions seraient aussi acceptables à condition de restituer avec finesse la qualité du mouvement). La finesse de la perception obtenue est impressionnante. Il faut voir des résultats de capture de mouvement pour la constater. Par ailleurs.eEn raison de l'espace principalement transparent, séparant les sources lumineuses, le système physique ainsi réalisé peut être observé selon des nombreux angles de vues.In addition, it is crucial that the position of these light sources accurately reproduce the position of the points of the object during its deformation, which is possible in particular by the technique of motion capture (other solutions would also be acceptable provided that restore the quality of the movement with finesse). The finesse of the perception obtained is impressive. You have to see motion capture results to see it. Moreover, because of the mainly transparent space separating the light sources, the physical system thus produced can be observed according to numerous angles of view.
Selon l'invention, l'objet tridimensionnel peut notamment représenter des mouvements d'animaux (cheval au galop, course du guépard, ...), de danseurs, de sportifs, voir de scènes quelconques. Ainsi, cette technologie offre un nouveau support d'expression présentant des possibilités multiples.According to the invention, the three-dimensional object may especially represent movements of animals (galloping horse, cheetah race, ...), dancers, sportsmen, see any scenes. Thus, this technology offers a new medium of expression with multiple possibilities.
Selon une première alternative, les sources lumineuses sont organisées en sous- ensembles tridimensionnels fixes, chacun desdits sous-ensembles correspondant à la trajectoire d'un point caractéristique de l'objet lors de sa déformation.According to a first alternative, the light sources are organized in fixed three-dimensional subsets, each of said subsets corresponding to the trajectory of a characteristic point of the object during its deformation.
Cette alternative présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter des dispositifs mécaniques particuliers. Ainsi, cette solution est silencieuse et possède une durée de vie relativement longue.This alternative has the advantage of not requiring special mechanical devices. Thus, this solution is silent and has a relatively long life.
Avantageusement, le programmateur comporte des moyens de commande séquentielle de l'allumage et de l'extinction des sources lumineuses de manière à reproduire la position des points caractéristiques de l'objet lors de sa déformation.Advantageously, the programmer comprises means for sequentially controlling the switching on and off of the light sources so as to reproduce the position of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
Avantageusement, les moyens de commandes sont agencés pour effectuer une succession de cycles complets de la déformation de l'objet pour chaque sous- ensemble, les durées de cycle de chaque sous-ensemble étant identiques.Advantageously, the control means are arranged to perform a succession of complete cycles of the deformation of the object for each subset, the cycle times of each subset being identical.
Dans un mode de réalisation, les moyens de commande des sous-ensembles sont synchrones.In one embodiment, the control means of the subsets are synchronous.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens de commande des sous- ensembles sont asynchrones, les durées d'éclairage étant spécifiques à chaque sources lumineuses. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles supportées par une structure en fil de fer.In another embodiment, the subassembly control means are asynchronous, the lighting times being specific to each light source. In a first embodiment, the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by a wire structure.
Dans un second mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles englobées dans une matrice transparente.In a second embodiment, the light sources are constituted by point sources embedded in a transparent matrix.
Ainsi, cette matrice peut être réalisée par des techniques de prototypage rapide permettant une réalisation relativement rapide dudit système tridimensionnelle.Thus, this matrix can be achieved by rapid prototyping techniques allowing a relatively rapid realization of said three-dimensional system.
Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles supportées par des structures en fils tendus. Ainsi, la réalisation du système selon l'invention peut être rapide et le système peut reproduire précisément le mouvement réel.In a third embodiment, the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by strained son structures. Thus, the realization of the system according to the invention can be fast and the system can accurately reproduce the real movement.
Dans un quatrième mode de réalisation, une partie au moins des sources lumineuses sont constituées par des moyens de focalisation d'un faisceau lumineux dans un milieu diffusant ou par des moyens de pointage d'un faisceau lumineux sur des éléments réfléchissant la lumière.In a fourth embodiment, at least part of the light sources are constituted by means for focusing a light beam in a scattering medium or by means of pointing a light beam on light reflecting elements.
Selon une autre alternative, une partie au moins des sources lumineuses sont supportées par des éléments mobiles commandés par le programmateur pour déplacer chaque source lumineuse selon une trajectoire représentative du point caractéristique correspondant de l'objet lors de sa déformation.According to another alternative, at least part of the light sources are supported by moving elements controlled by the programmer to move each light source along a path representative of the corresponding characteristic point of the object during its deformation.
Cette alternative présente l'avantage de permettre la restitution de l'apparence d'un objet pendant une longue période sans nécessiter une installation complexe de trajectoires.This alternative has the advantage of allowing the return of the appearance of an object for a long time without requiring a complex installation of trajectories.
En outre, ce mode de réalisation permet des chevauchements de trajectoires des sources lumineuses. Ainsi, une source lumineuse s peut se situer à une position p à un temps t alors qu'une autre source lumineuse s+1 peut également se situer à ladite position p à un temps t+1. Dans un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention, lesdits éléments mobiles sont des bras articulés commandés par le programmateur.In addition, this embodiment allows overlapping paths of the light sources. Thus, a light source s can be located at a position p at a time t while another light source s + 1 can also be located at said position p at a time t + 1. In a fifth embodiment of the invention, said movable elements are articulated arms controlled by the programmer.
Dans un sixième mode de réalisation de l'invention, lesdits éléments mobiles sont des organes mobiles se déplaçant sur des rails définissant les trajectoires représentatives des points caractéristiques de l'objet lors de sa déformation.In a sixth embodiment of the invention, said movable elements are movable members moving on rails defining trajectories representative of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
Dans un septième mode de réalisation de l'invention, lesdits éléments mobiles sont un ensemble de câbles assurant le déplacement de chaque source lumineuse selon sa trajectoire prédéfinie, le tirage des câbles étant commandé par le programmateur.In a seventh embodiment of the invention, said movable elements are a set of cables ensuring the displacement of each light source according to its predefined path, the pulling of the cables being controlled by the programmer.
Avantageusement, le programmateur est un calculateur ou un dispositif mécanique.Advantageously, the programmer is a computer or a mechanical device.
De préférence, le volume représenté par les points lumineux et les supports opaques desdits sources lumineuses représentent moins de 1 % du volume de l'enveloppe de l'objet représenté .Preferably, the volume represented by the light spots and the opaque supports of said light sources represent less than 1% of the volume of the envelope of the object represented.
Selon une variante, les sources lumineuses peuvent être remplacées par des points visibles grâce à un fort contraste avec leur environnement.According to one variant, the light sources can be replaced by visible points thanks to a strong contrast with their environment.
Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique réversible à l'aide d'un système physique tridimensionnel selon le premier aspect de l'invention. Le procédé comprend une étape d'acquisition des trajectoires des points dudit objet caractéristiques de sa déformation et une étape de commande des sources lumineuses en fonction des données acquises lors de ladite étape d'acquisition.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation using a three-dimensional physical system according to the first aspect of the invention. The method comprises a step of acquiring the trajectories of the points of said object that are characteristic of its deformation and a step of controlling the light sources as a function of the data acquired during said acquisition step.
Avantageusement, l'étape d'acquisition est obtenue par un procédé de capture du mouvement. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description d'un cas particulier non limitatif, faîte en référence aux dessins annexés dans lequel :Advantageously, the acquisition step is obtained by a motion capture method. The invention will be better understood on reading the description of a particular non-limiting case, made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective des trajectoires des sources lumineuses pour un système tridimensionnel pour la représentation d'un cheval au galop ;FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the trajectories of the light sources for a three-dimensional system for the representation of a galloping horse;
- les figures 2 et 3 représentent des projections des trajectoires des sources lumineuses, respectivement dans le plan horizontal XZ et dans le plan sagittal YZFIGS. 2 and 3 represent projections of the trajectories of the light sources, respectively in the horizontal plane XZ and in the sagittal plane YZ
- la figure 4 représente le schéma de principe d'un circuit électronique de commande.- Figure 4 shows the block diagram of an electronic control circuit.
La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective des trajectoires en trois dimensions des sources lumineuses pour un système tridimensionnel selon l'invention. Selon cette réalisation, 18 sources lumineuses permettent de restituer l'apparence d'un cheval au galop.FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the three-dimensional trajectories of the light sources for a three-dimensional system according to the invention. According to this realization, 18 light sources make it possible to restore the appearance of a galloping horse.
Cette réalisation correspond à la représentation en volume d'un cheval au galop, qui a été réduit à un cycle de galop sur place d'une durée approximative de 0.6 secondes.This achievement corresponds to the volume representation of a galloping horse, which was reduced to an on-site gallop cycle lasting approximately 0.6 seconds.
Afin d'obtenir la trajectoire de ces sources, le procédé prévoit une étape préalable d'acquisition des trajectoires de points du cheval lors de son mouvement.In order to obtain the trajectory of these sources, the method provides a preliminary step of acquisition of the trajectory points of the horse during its movement.
Cette étape d'acquisition peut notamment être réalisée par un procédé de « motion capture ». Pour ce faire, un cheval comportant des marqueurs placés au niveau de points caractéristiques du mouvement du cheval est enregistrée par un dispositif d'enregistrement vidéo. Par la suite, la vidéo enregistrée est traitée par des moyens informatiques afin d'obtenir lesdites trajectoires. On notera toutefois que l'invention ne se limite pas à ce mode d'acquisition des trajectoires. En effet, on pourrait également choisir de traiter informatiquement des dessins d'animations ou des images de synthèse pour obtenir lesdites trajectoires.This acquisition step may in particular be carried out by a "motion capture" method. To do this, a horse with markers placed at points characteristic of the movement of the horse is recorded by a video recording device. Subsequently, the recorded video is processed by computer means to obtain said trajectories. Note however that the invention is not limited to this mode of acquisition trajectories. Indeed, one could also choose to process computer animation drawings or computer graphics to obtain said trajectories.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1 , les sources lumineuses 2 sont organisées en sous-ensembles fixes, chacun des sous-ensembles correspondant à la trajectoire d'un point du cheval lors de son mouvement de galop. Cet exemple se base sur une approche à base d'armatures 1 supportant des séries de diodes électroluminescentes 2 qui s'allument successivement 3.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the light sources 2 are organized in fixed subsets, each of the subsets corresponding to the trajectory of a point of the horse during its galloping movement. This example is based on an armature-based approach 1 supporting series of light-emitting diodes 2 which light up successively 3.
Les sources lumineuses 2 sont par exemple constituées de diodes électroluminescentes soudées sur deux brins conducteurs, l'un formant une armature fermée décrivant la trajectoire à représenter, l'autre étant relié au programmateur. Les armatures peuvent être montées sur un support en fil de fer, non représentée.The light sources 2 consist, for example, of light-emitting diodes soldered on two conducting strands, one forming a closed armature describing the trajectory to be represented, the other being connected to the programmer. The frames can be mounted on a wire support, not shown.
La forme des trajectoires et donc la configuration de chacune des armatures 1 est obtenue à partir de la capture du mouvement des points sur un vrai cheval.The shape of the trajectories and therefore the configuration of each of the frames 1 is obtained from the capture of the movement of the points on a real horse.
Pour ce mode de réalisation, le programmateur est connecté aux diodes et comporte des moyens de commande séquentielle de l'allumage et de l'extinction des diodes. Ainsi, les diodes électroluminescentes 2 s'allument successivement de manière à reproduire la trajectoire du point considéré.For this embodiment, the programmer is connected to the diodes and comprises means for sequentially controlling the switching on and off of the diodes. Thus, the light-emitting diodes 2 light up successively so as to reproduce the trajectory of the point considered.
Dans un mode de réalisation, l'allumage des sources lumineues 1 est synchrone et commandé par un circuit électronique. Chaque trajectoire est par exemple composée de 15 diodes 2 s'allumant successivement toutes les 0.04 secondes.In one embodiment, the lighting of the light sources 1 is synchronous and controlled by an electronic circuit. Each path is for example composed of 15 diodes 2 lighting successively every 0.04 seconds.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens de commande de l'allumage des diodes 2 des sous-ensembles sont asynchrones. La durée d'éclairage des sources lumineuses est donc spécifique à chaque point. Ainsi, on pourra prévoir des durées d'éclairages importants pour des points peu mobiles lors du mouvement du cheval et des durées d'éclairage plus courtes pour des points plus mobiles.In another embodiment, the ignition control means of the diodes 2 of the subassemblies are asynchronous. The lighting duration of the light sources is therefore specific to each point. Thus, it will be possible to provide important lighting times for points that are not very mobile during the horse movement and shorter lighting times for more mobile points.
En outre, cette réalisation permet de réaliser des sous-ensembles composés de suites de diodes électroluminescente dont la distance entre lesdites diodes est fixe car on peut faire varier la durée d'éclairage en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement du point considéré. Ainsi, la réalisation des sous-ensembles peut être simplifiée.In addition, this embodiment makes it possible to produce sub-assemblies consisting of sequences of light-emitting diodes whose distance between said diodes is fixed because the lighting duration can be varied as a function of the speed of displacement of the considered point. Thus, the realization of the subsets can be simplified.
Dans un second mode de réalisation non représenté, les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources de lumières ponctuelles qui sont englobées dans une matrice transparente. Cette matrice transparente peut, par exemple, être réalisée par stéréo lithographie avec des matériaux polymères.In a second embodiment not shown, the light sources are constituted by point light sources which are included in a transparent matrix. This transparent matrix may, for example, be made by stereo lithography with polymeric materials.
Dans un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles qui sont supportées par des fils solidarisés à leurs deux extrémités. Ce mode de réalisation permet une mise en place relativement simple et précise des sources ponctuelles. En effet, il suffit à l'opérateur de placer le(s) sources(s) lumineuse(s) à la distance voulue d'une extrémité du fil puis de tendre le fil entre deux points établis.In a third embodiment of the invention, the light sources are constituted by point sources which are supported by son secured to their two ends. This embodiment allows a relatively simple and precise implementation of point sources. Indeed, it is sufficient for the operator to place the light source (s) at the desired distance from one end of the wire and then to stretch the wire between two established points.
Dans un quatrième mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses peuvent être constituées par des moyens de focalisation d'un faisceau lumineux ou par des moyens de pointage d'un faisceau lumineux sur des éléments réfléchissant, diffusant, difractant ou réfractant la lumière.In a fourth embodiment, the light sources may be constituted by means for focusing a light beam or by means of pointing a light beam on reflective elements, diffusing, diffracting or refracting light.
Dans ce cas, le programmateur peut notamment commander l'orientation des faisceaux lumineux qui pointeront successivement vers des moyens de focalisation ou les éléments réfléchissants diffusants, difractants ou réfractants matérialisant la trajectoire du point considéré. Selon une autre alternative de l'invention, on peut prévoir que les sources lumineuses soient mobiles selon les trajectoires des points caractéristiques du mouvement de l'objet, lors de sa déformation.In this case, the programmer may in particular control the orientation of the light beams which will successively point to focusing means or the reflective elements diffusing, diffracting or refracting materializing the trajectory of the point considered. According to another alternative of the invention, it can be provided that the light sources are movable along the trajectories of the characteristic points of the movement of the object, during its deformation.
A cet effet, selon un cinquième mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses peuvent être montées sur des bras articulés selon trois dimensions dont le mouvement est commandé par le programmateur. Ainsi, ce mode de réalisation permet de restituer l'apparence d'un objet pendant une longue durée sans avoir à réaliser physiquement la trajectoire des sources lumineuses. En outre, ce mode permet de restituer l'apparence de déformations dynamiques plus complexes.For this purpose, according to a fifth embodiment, the light sources can be mounted on articulated arms in three dimensions whose movement is controlled by the programmer. Thus, this embodiment makes it possible to restore the appearance of an object for a long time without having to physically realize the trajectory of the light sources. In addition, this mode makes it possible to restore the appearance of more complex dynamic deformations.
Selon un sixième mode de réalisation, les sources lumineuses sont portées par des chariots dont le mouvement est commandé par le programmateur, et qui se déplacent sur un ou plusieurs rails suivant la trajectoire des points caractéristiques de l'objet lors de sa déformation.According to a sixth embodiment, the light sources are carried by carriages whose movement is controlled by the programmer, and which move on one or more rails along the path of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
Enfin, selon un septième mode de réalisation de l'invention, les sources lumineuses peuvent être portées par des câbles déplacés mécaniquement pour suivre la trajectoire désirée et dont le déplacement est commandé par le programmateur.Finally, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention, the light sources can be carried by cables mechanically displaced to follow the desired path and whose movement is controlled by the programmer.
On notera que, selon la seconde alternative de l'invention, les sources lumineuses peuvent être des diodes électroluminescentes ou simplement des éléments colorés possédant un contraste suffisant avec leur environnement. Ces éléments peuvent notamment être des éléments blanc ou fluorescent dans un environnement sombre ou des éléments sombres dans un environnement lumineux.It will be noted that, according to the second alternative of the invention, the light sources may be light-emitting diodes or simply colored elements having a sufficient contrast with their environment. These elements may in particular be white or fluorescent elements in a dark environment or dark elements in a bright environment.
En outre, selon l'invention, le programmateur pourra être un dispositif mécanique, un calculateur électronique ou encore des moyens informatiques de commande.In addition, according to the invention, the programmer may be a mechanical device, an electronic computer or computer control means.
Les figures 2 et 3 représentent les projections sur le plan horizontal XZ et le plan sagittal YZ des trajectoires de la figure 1. La figure 4 représente le schéma de principe d'un circuit électronique permettant d'allumer successivement les 15 diodes de chaque trajectoire.Figures 2 and 3 show the projections on the horizontal plane XZ and the sagittal plane YZ of the trajectories of Figure 1. Figure 4 shows the block diagram of an electronic circuit for successively lighting the 15 diodes of each path.
L'invention est décrite dans ce qui précède à titre d'exemple. Il est entendu que l'homme du métier est à même de réaliser différentes variantes de réalisation de l'invention sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. The invention is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that the skilled person is able to achieve different embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système physique tridimensionnel pour la restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique, caractérisé en ce que ledit système est constitué par :A three-dimensional physical system for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation, characterized in that said system is constituted by:
- une pluralité de sources lumineuses correspondant à des points dudit objet caractéristiques desdites déformations, séparées par un espace principalement transparent, ladite pluralité de sources lumineuses ne représentant pas la forme de l'objet, et - un programmateur agencé pour commander les sources lumineuses de manière à ce que la position relative de chaque source lumineuse corresponde à la position relative du point correspondant dudit objet, lors de sa déformation dynamique, à des instants successifs.a plurality of light sources corresponding to points of said object that are characteristic of said deformations, separated by a predominantly transparent space, said plurality of light sources not representing the shape of the object, and a programmer arranged to control the light sources in a manner the relative position of each light source corresponds to the relative position of the corresponding point of said object, during its dynamic deformation, at successive instants.
2. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les sources lumineuses sont organisées en sous-ensembles tridimensionnels fixes, chacun desdits sous-ensembles correspondant à la trajectoire d'un point caractéristique de l'objet lors de sa déformation.2. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 1, characterized in that the light sources are organized in fixed three-dimensional subsets, each of said subsets corresponding to the trajectory of a characteristic point of the object during its deformation.
3. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le programmateur comporte des moyens de commande séquentielle de l'allumage et de l'extinction des sources lumineuses de manière à reproduire la position des points caractéristiques de l'objet lors de sa déformation.3. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 2, characterized in that the programmer comprises means for sequentially controlling the switching on and off of the light sources so as to reproduce the position of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
4. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commandes sont agencés pour effectuer une succession de cycles complets de la déformation de l'objet pour chaque sous-ensemble, les durées de cycle de chaque sous-ensemble étant identiques.4. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 3, characterized in that the control means are arranged to perform a succession of complete cycles of the deformation of the object for each subset, the cycle times of each subset being identical.
5. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande des sous-ensembles sont synchrones. 5. Three-dimensional physical system according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the subset control means are synchronous.
6. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande des sous-ensembles sont asynchrones, les durées d'éclairage des sources lumineuses étant spécifiques à chaque source.6. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 3, characterized in that the subassembly control means are asynchronous, the lighting times of the light sources being specific to each source.
7. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles supportées par une structure en fil de fer.7. Three-dimensional physical system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by a wire structure.
8. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles englobées dans une matrice transparente.8. Three-dimensional physical system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the light sources are constituted by point sources enclosed in a transparent matrix.
9. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les sources lumineuses sont constituées par des sources ponctuelles supportées par des structures en fils tendus.9. Three-dimensional physical system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the light sources are constituted by point sources supported by strained son structures.
10. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie au moins des sources lumineuses sont constituées par des moyens de focalisation d'un faisceau lumineux dans un milieu diffusant ou par des moyens de pointage d'un faisceau lumineux sur des éléments réfléchissant diffusant, difractant ou réfractant la lumière.10. Three-dimensional physical system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least part of the light sources are constituted by means for focusing a light beam in a scattering medium or by pointing means a light beam on reflecting elements diffusing, diffracting or refracting light.
11. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'une partie au moins des sources lumineuses sont supportés par des éléments mobiles commandés par le programmateur pour déplacer chaque source lumineuse selon une trajectoire représentative du point caractéristique correspondant de l'objet lors de sa déformation.11. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the light sources are supported by movable elements controlled by the programmer to move each light source along a trajectory representative of the corresponding characteristic point of the object when of his deformation.
12. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments mobiles sont des bras articulés commandés par le programmateur. 12. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 11, characterized in that said movable elements are articulated arms controlled by the programmer.
13. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé lesdits éléments mobiles sont des organes mobiles se déplaçant sur un ou plusieurs rails définissant les trajectoires représentatives des points caractéristiques de l'objet lors de sa déformation.13. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 11, characterized in that said movable elements are movable members moving on one or more rails defining trajectories representative of the characteristic points of the object during its deformation.
14. Système physique tridimensionnel selon la revendication 11 , caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments mobiles sont un ensemble de câbles assurant le déplacement de chaque source lumineuse selon sa trajectoire prédéfinie, le tirage des câbles étant commandé par le programmateur.14. Three-dimensional physical system according to claim 11, characterized in that said movable elements are a set of cables ensuring the displacement of each light source according to its predefined path, the pulling of the cables being controlled by the programmer.
15. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le programmateur est un calculateur ou un dispositif mécanique.15. Three-dimensional physical system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the programmer is a computer or a mechanical device.
16. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le volume représenté par les sources lumineuses et les supports opaques desdits sources lumineuses représentent moins de 1 % du volume de l'enveloppe de l'objet en déformation dynamique réversible.16. A three-dimensional physical system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the volume represented by the light sources and the opaque supports of said light sources represent less than 1% of the volume of the envelope of the object in question. reversible dynamic deformation.
17. Système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les sources lumineuses peuvent être remplacées par des points visibles grâce à un fort contraste avec leur environnement.17. Three-dimensional physical system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the light sources can be replaced by visible points through a strong contrast with their environment.
18. Procédé de restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel en déformation dynamique à l'aide d'un système physique tridimensionnel selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape d'acquisition des trajectoires des points dudit objet caractéristiques de sa déformation et une étape de commande des sources lumineuses en fonction des données acquises lors de ladite étape d'acquisition. 18. Process for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object in dynamic deformation using a three-dimensional physical system according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a step of acquiring the trajectories of the points of said object that are characteristic of its deformation and a step of controlling the light sources as a function of the data acquired during said acquisition step.
19. Procédé de restitution de l'apparence d'au moins un objet tridimensionnel selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'acquisition est obtenue par un procédé de capture du mouvement. 19. Process for restoring the appearance of at least one three-dimensional object according to claim 18, characterized in that the acquisition step is obtained by a motion capture method.
PCT/FR2007/001340 2006-08-02 2007-08-02 Three-dimensional physical system and method for reconstructing the appearance of a three-dimensional object in reversible dynamic deformation WO2008015345A2 (en)

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FR0607045A FR2904681B1 (en) 2006-08-02 2006-08-02 ANIMATED SCULPTURE RESTITUTING A GLOBAL MOVEMENT OF APPEARANCE BASED ON PRECISE TRACKS IN 3 DIMENSIONS, A NUMBER OF LIMITED POINTS

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US3184872A (en) * 1962-12-31 1965-05-25 Mobilcolor Inc Moving pattern simulator
US5379202A (en) * 1993-04-22 1995-01-03 Noma International, Inc. Outdoor animated holiday light display
CA2151521A1 (en) * 1995-05-25 1996-11-26 Dan Naso Cable stripper device and method and cable anchor for use therewith
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US7142173B2 (en) * 2001-10-31 2006-11-28 Arthur Lane Bentley Kinetic device and method for producing visual displays
FR2844381A1 (en) * 2002-09-11 2004-03-12 Felix Isabelle Trapet Advertising/signalling aesthetic /practical effect creating light point element assembly having flexible support with fixed eyelets and holding luminous sources
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FR2904681B1 (en) 2009-05-01
EP2047173B1 (en) 2013-06-12

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