WO2008015258A1 - Process for manufacturing steel blanks - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing steel blanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008015258A1 WO2008015258A1 PCT/EP2007/058035 EP2007058035W WO2008015258A1 WO 2008015258 A1 WO2008015258 A1 WO 2008015258A1 EP 2007058035 W EP2007058035 W EP 2007058035W WO 2008015258 A1 WO2008015258 A1 WO 2008015258A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- remelting
- esr
- composition
- slag
- var
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000010313 vacuum arc remelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
Definitions
- the invention relates to a manufacturing process for steel blanks and in particular blanks of tubes to form at least one pressurised equipment element.
- Very high-performance steels for manufacturing elements of pressurised equipment capable of supporting from 4,000 to 10,000 bars, especially including stoppers or sleeves of cylinder heads or tubes for forming a pressurised equipment element, in particular tubes for cannons have been developed for many years now. These steels must respond to qualities of compositions defined very strictly and must produce very good mechanical properties, and especially of a very high elastic limit, and a good elasticity / tenacity limit ratio, especially at low temperature.
- compositions have been proposed in the prior art for producing steels responding to these mechanical properties, however the mechanical characteristics of these steels must be further improved.
- Such compositions are described especially in the patent DE 195 31 260 C2.
- the composition must therefore be improved in terms of mechanical properties, and especially in terms of the elastic limit and the elasticity limit / tenacity ratio, in particular at low temperature .
- the known processes do not relatively reliably produce steel compositions having the required mechanical properties, especially in terms of elasticity limit and elasticity limit / tenacity ratio at low temperature.
- the chief aim of the invention is to resolve the technical problems mentioned hereinabove and especially to provide a steel composition allowing elevated mechanical properties, especially in terms of elasticity limit and an optimised elasticity limit / tenacity ratio at low temperature, adapted to form a pressurised equipment element.
- the chief aim of the invention is also to resolve the technical problems mentioned hereinabove and especially the technical problem consisting of providing a process for obtaining a composition blank responding to the abovementioned requisites, especially for the manufacture of a steel having very good mechanical properties, especially including a very high elasticity limit, and simultaneously obtaining high values in elasticity limit and in tenacity at low temperature .
- the aim of the invention especially is to resolve this technical problem within the scope of manufacturing elements of pressurised equipment.
- a steel blank composition essentially comprising: Carbon : 0.35-0.43, Manganese : ⁇ 0.20, Silicon : ⁇ 0.20, Nickel : 3.00-4.00, Chrome : 1.30-1.80, Molybdenum : 0.70-1.00, Vanadium : 0.20-0.35, Iron : balance in percentages by weight of the total composition, as well as the inevitable impurities, kept at the lowest level, especially in the form of Copper (preferably ⁇ 0.100) ; Aluminium (preferably ⁇ 0.015) ; Sulphur (preferably ⁇ 0.002) ;
- Phosphorous preferably ⁇ 0.010
- Tin preferably ⁇ 0.008
- Arsenic preferably ⁇ 0.010 ; Antimony (preferably ⁇ 0.0015) ; generally introduced essentially by the primary materials ; Calcium (preferably ⁇ 0.004) , dioxygen (preferably ⁇ 0.004) ; dihydrogen (preferably ⁇ 0.0002) ; and dinitrogen
- This composition responds to the requisites of mechanical properties required to form an element of pressurised equipment supporting from 4000 to 10,000 bars, such as especially stoppers or sleeves of cylinder head or tubes of pressurised equipment.
- VAR - « Vacuum Arc Remelting » an electroslag remelting process
- An ESR or VAR remelting process should not normally be used for such compositions out of thermodynamic equilibrium, especially not for reducing mechanical properties, and especially the very high elastic limit, required in particular for applications in the field of pressurised equipment and weapons in particular.
- the present invention describes a manufacturing process for a steel blank comprising electroslag remelting (ESR - ElectroSlag Remelting) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR- « Vacuum Arc Remelting ») , said blank having a composition essentially comprising, after ESR or VAR remelting : Carbon : 0.35-0,43, and preferably 0.37-0.42, Manganese : ⁇ 0.20, and preferably ⁇ 0.15, Silicon : ⁇ 0.20, and preferably ⁇ 0.100,
- Nickel greater than 3.00 and less than or equal to 4.00, and preferably 3.50-3.80, Chrome : 1.30-1.80, and preferably 1.50-1.70, Molybdenum preferably 0.70-1.00,
- Vanadium preferably 0.20-0.35, and more preferably 0.25- 0.30,
- Said process advantageously comprises ESR remelting of an electrode to obtain said blank composition after ESR remelting described hereinabove, the ESR remelting comprising : a composition of the slag essentially comprising : CaF2 : 60-70 ; A12O3 : 10-20 ; CaO : 10-20 ; SiO2 : 5-10 %; in percentages by weight of the total composition of the slag.
- the ESR remelting is carried out in inert atmosphere, and preferably in argon atmosphere.
- the process comprises continuous deoxidation of slag by addition of aluminium.
- the slag is introduced in liquid or solid form.
- composition of the blank composition after ESR or VAR remelting is essentially :
- Nickel greater than 3.00 and less than or equal to 4.00, and preferably 3.50-3.80, Chrome : 1.30-1.80, and preferably 1.50-1.70, Molybdenum : 0.70-1.00, Vanadium : 0.25-0.30,
- the blank composition after ESR remelting preferably comprises the inevitable impurities, kept at the lowest level, especially in the form of dioxygen (preferably ⁇ 30ppm) ; dihydrogen (preferably ⁇ 1.8ppm) ; and dinitrogen (preferably ⁇ 70ppm) .
- the other impurities, generally associated with primary materials, are essentially in the form of Copper (preferably ⁇ 0.100) ; Aluminium (preferably ⁇ 0.012) ; Sulphur (preferably ⁇ 10ppm) ; Phosphorous (preferably ⁇ 50ppm) ; Tin (preferably ⁇ 0.008) ; Arsenic (preferably ⁇ 0.010) ; Antimony (preferably ⁇ 0.0015) ; Calcium (preferably ⁇ 30ppm) .
- the process comprises prior to the ESR or VAR remelting working of the VAD (Vacuum Arc Degassing) type.
- VAD Vauum Arc Degassing
- VAD Ultra Carbon Deoxidation
- VCD Volt Carbon Deoxidation
- Working the VAD type preferably comprises VCD (Vacuum Carbon Deoxidation) processing comprising measuring oxygen activity, addition of a complement of slag for adjusting the composition of the electrode prior to ESR or VAR remelting to ensure silicon content of less than 0.050 %, aluminium of less than 0.012 %, at the same time ensuring a dioxygen activity content of less than 10 ppm, final degassing to obtain especially a dihydrogen content ⁇ 1.2 ppm, and final decantation to ensure elimination of metallic inclusions.
- VCD Vauum Carbon Deoxidation
- the process comprises prior to working of the VAD type a process for transferring the metal without bringing in slag from the electric oven, preferably a ladle- by-ladle transfer.
- the process preferably comprises working on the electric arc oven prior to the ladle-by-ladle transfer.
- the process comprises after the slag remelting (ESR) or vacuum remelting (VAR) annealing of the resulting ingot comprising at least constant temperature over an adequate period to ensure essentially complete martensitic transformation of the blank composition obtained after ESR or VAR remelting.
- ESR slag remelting
- VAR vacuum remelting
- the blank obtained after ESR or VAR remelting especially enables manufacture of all pressurised equipment pieces, especially those such as stoppers or sleeves, especially of cylinder heads, or tubes of pressurised equipment supporting especially from 4000 to 10,000 bars, especially including cannon tubes .
- the process comprises transformation by forging after annealing, followed by thermal processing of the blanks to obtain steel essentially having a fully martensitic structure and especially resulting in preferred mechanical properties.
- the gas contents of the steel are dosed advantageously by means of gas analysers .
- the invention especially covers steel in any form likely to be obtained at any one of the stages of this process, and especially in the form of a blank, tubes, cylinders, or electrode for ESR or VAR remelting.
- the ESR remelting process is conducted on an electrode having a composition essentially comprising: Carbon : 0.37-0.42, Manganese : ⁇ 0.15, Silicon : ⁇ 0.100, Nickel : 3.50-3.80, Chrome : 1.50-1.70, Molybdenum : 0.70-1.00,
- Vanadium 0.25-0.30, in percentages by weight of the total composition, as well as the inevitable impurities, including dinitrogen (preferably ⁇ 70ppm) , dioxygen (preferably ⁇ 15ppm) and dihydrogen (preferably ⁇ 1.2ppm).
- dinitrogen preferably ⁇ 70ppm
- dioxygen preferably ⁇ 15ppm
- dihydrogen preferably ⁇ 1.2ppm
- ESR remelting comprises essentially :
- composition of the slag comprises for example: 60-65 %
- the slag represents a minimum 2.3 % of the weight of the electrode; - the remelting speed is generally of the order of 10 to 20 kg/mn in steady state;
- the process comprises the capping of the part corresponding to the liquid well on completion of remelting.
- the ingots are then removed from the mould hot as soon as solidification of the head is complete.
- Control of the Silica and Alumina contents of the slag especially regulates the homogeneity of the Aluminium and Silicon contents of the remelted ingot. It is preferable to obtain Silicon contents ⁇ 0.040 % after ESR remelting (typically 0.050/0.100 %) to avoid any defect in «porosities» type on product .
- This blank can then be used for the manufacture of tubes, especially to be used as tubes for the weapons industry, especially including cannon tubes.
- the VAR remelting process is carried out on an electrode having a composition essentially comprising: Carbon : 0.37-0.42, Manganese : ⁇ 0.15, Silicon : ⁇ 0.100, Nickel : 3.50-3.80, Chrome : 1.50-1.70,
- Molybdenum 0.70-1.00, Vanadium : 0.25-0.30, in percentages by weight of the total composition, as well as the inevitable impurities including dinitrogen (preferably ⁇ 70ppm) , dioxygen (preferably ⁇ l5pp ⁇ n) and dihydrogen (preferably ⁇ 1.2ppm) .
- VAR remelting essentially comprises: - welding of the stub preferably to the foot side of the electrode ;
- the remelting speed is generally of the order of 7 to 16 kg/mn in steady state in vacuum ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 atmospheres ;
- the process comprises capping of the part corresponding to the liquid well on completion of remelting.
- the ingots are then removed from the mould hot as soon as the head solidifies.
- This blank can then be used for the manufacture of tubes, especially to be used as tubes for the weapons industry, especially including cannon tubes
- EXAMPLE 3 WORKING THE STEEL - OBTAINING REMELTED ESR OR VAR INGOTS This example illustrates the preparation of an electrode for ESR or VAR remelting, for example utilisable within the scope of Example 1.
- the general aim is a blank composition prior to ESR or
- VAR remelting essentially comprising :
- the electric arc oven processing comprises the following stages: a) Charging the primary materials with the addition of lime and carbon (graphite) , and oxidising melting of the metallic elements; b) Load aim, for example : C between 1.0 and 1.4, If ⁇ 0.5, Mn ⁇ 0.4, Cr ⁇ 0.7, Ni approximately 3.5 and Mo approximately 0.70, P ⁇ 0.010, S ⁇ 0.008, V ⁇ 0.50, in percentages by weight of the total composition ; c) Oxidising melting for example up to approximately 1,500 0 C ; d) Dephosphorisation to ensure phosphorous content ⁇ 40ppm; e) Careful clearing of the slag to approximately 1,580 0 C ; f) Addition of lime + CaF2 and heating to reach approximately 1,600 0 C ; g) Decarburisation : Blowing oxygen to get for example : 0.150 ⁇ C ⁇ 0.200 % , Mn ⁇ 0.08 % , If ⁇ 0. 030 %
- Measuring 02 activity is done for example by electrochemical column .
- This stage comprises no deoxidation of the steel or addition of Carbon (graphite) and the aim is 02 activity of less than 100 ppm.
- composition of the slag Lime (for example approximately 50 - 70%) , CaF2 (for example approximately 5 to 10%) , and alumina (for example around 10 to 20%) to the base of the VAD ladle ;
- - Ladle-by-ladle transfer stop before passage of the oven slag.
- VAD PROCESSING Vacuum Arc Degassing in vacuum heating ladle (APCV) This stage comprises : a) VCD PROCESSING : vacuum carbon deoxidation (Vacuum Carbon Deoxidation) to ensure maximal deoxidation of the steel by the reaction : C + 0 -> CO, thus avoiding precipitation of metallic inclusions.
- This processing comprises especially measuring 02 activity as well as at least heating to a temperature of over 1,600 0 C.
- the composition of the slag can be essentially: Lime (for example approximately 50 to 70%), CaF2 (for example approximately 5 to 10%) , and A12O3 (for example approximately 10 to 20%) which is deoxidised by addition for example of SiCa (for example approximately 2/3), and Al (for example approximately 1/3), and carbon (Graphite) adjusted to attain for example C >0.350 %. heating for example to approximately 1,600 0 C and measuring of the oxygen activity ( ⁇ 10 ppm) .
- Decantation is carried out to ensure elimination of metallic inclusions for a period greater than 15 mn at a pressure of approximately 700 mbar and a temperature of approximately 1,570 0 C before casting in ingots.
- All the stages of the VAD processing are conducted under partial vacuum (for example approximately 700 mbar) to avoid any re-oxidation of the metal ; the process is controlled by measuring the oxygen activity ( ⁇ 10 ppm) throughout the different stages, and initial VCD processing enables control of the state of oxidation of the steel for low Mn contents ( ⁇ 0.050 %) , If ( ⁇ 0.050 %) and Aluminium content of less than 0.012 %.
- the final degassing processing ensures at the same time a very low Sulphur ( ⁇ 10 ppm) and dioxygen content ( ⁇ 15 ppm) as well as a low dihydrogen ( ⁇ 1,2 ppm) and dinitrogen content ⁇ 70 ppm) .
- Final decantation ensures considerable final inclusion cleanliness of the steel.
- the ingots or electrodes for remelting are cast for example en source with Argon protection to avoid any re- oxidation of the metal during casting in ingot moulds.
- the electrodes for ESR or VAR remelting are preferably capped to ensure good density before ESR or VAR remelting, as well as good macrographic cleanliness of the ingots.
- the casting speed is preferably carefully controlled to avoid any risk of formation of surface cracks on the electrodes .
- the ingots or electrodes are then brought back up to a temperature of approximately 650 0 C in approximately 6 to 8 h in an oven, then kept at this temperature for 24 h minimum for softening.
- the ingots are then cooled down to approximately 300 0 C minimum at slow speed (for example ⁇ 30 °C/h) .
- Remelting of the electrodes is conducted according to 5.1 or 5.2 :
- Example 1 ESR remelting is carried out according to Example 1, to obtain blanks in the form of ingots (for example of a diameter of 735 mm) .
- 5.2 VAR remelting is carried out according to Example 2, to obtain blanks in the form of ingots (for example of a diameter of 640 or 710 mm) .
- Annealing is identical or comparable to that of stage 3. It is however possible to take the ingots back to forging directly after keeping them at 650 0 C.
- the resulting ingots can be transformed to provide tubes which can be used in pressurised equipment, as a weapons element, such as cannon tubes, cylinder head elements, taking into consideration the mechanical properties due to the composition of the steel and the manufacturing process.
- a weapons element such as cannon tubes, cylinder head elements
- Heating of ingots before forging The ingots are heated in several stages to decrease segregations on product (for example at least 15h) ;
- Pre-forging can then be carried out on the thermal processing profile comprising quality thermal processing.
- the object quality processing is to confer on the tubes all required mechanical properties by optimising the elastic limit/resilience compromise at -40 0 C and KIc (or KQ) or JIc at -40 0 C.
- This thermal quality processing advantageously comprises a first tempering above 500 0 C at maximum hardness ; performing two temperings at very close temperatures ensures considerable homogeneity of the mechanical characteristics along the tube by improving the level of resilience ; performing two temperings and slow oven cooling oven after the final tempering guarantees the final straightness of the tube, and the absence of deformations during final machining.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (8)
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AT07788174T ATE538224T1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING STEEL BLANKS |
EP07788174A EP2049700B1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
US12/376,281 US8101004B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
ES07788174T ES2379779T3 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Steel preform manufacturing process |
PL07788174T PL2049700T3 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
IL196858A IL196858A (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2009-02-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
US13/231,847 US8551397B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2011-09-13 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
IL220309A IL220309A0 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2012-06-11 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
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FR0653272 | 2006-08-03 | ||
FR0653272A FR2904634B1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2006-08-03 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING STEEL ELBOWS |
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US12/376,281 A-371-Of-International US8101004B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
US13/231,847 Division US8551397B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2011-09-13 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
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PCT/EP2007/058035 WO2008015258A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-08-02 | Process for manufacturing steel blanks |
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US (2) | US8101004B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2361997B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20090055563A (en) |
CN (2) | CN102433511A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE538224T1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2545185T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2904634B1 (en) |
IL (2) | IL196858A (en) |
PL (2) | PL2049700T3 (en) |
SI (2) | SI2361997T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008015258A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200900810B (en) |
Cited By (1)
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US10364479B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-07-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Method for producing a low-alloy steel ingot |
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FR2951196B1 (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-11-25 | Snecma | DEGASTING STAINLESS STEEL MARTENSITIC STEELS BEFORE REFUSAL UNDER DICE |
RU2483125C1 (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-05-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" ОАО НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" | Method of mixing flux bed in electroslag remelting of consumable electrode |
EP3175214B1 (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2020-03-11 | Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin | Tire uniformity improvement through identification of measurement process harmonics |
CN104500497A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 常熟市董浜镇徐市盛峰液压配件厂 | High-reliability cylinder cover |
CN110257590B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2020-07-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for refining inclusions in high-cleanliness rare earth electroslag steel |
CN111139363B (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2021-11-09 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting method for CrNiMo alloy steel |
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- 2007-08-02 ES ES11164189.0T patent/ES2545185T3/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 AT AT07788174T patent/ATE538224T1/en active
- 2007-08-02 EP EP11164189.0A patent/EP2361997B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 CN CN2011104120193A patent/CN102433511A/en active Pending
- 2007-08-02 ZA ZA200900810A patent/ZA200900810B/en unknown
- 2007-08-02 ES ES07788174T patent/ES2379779T3/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 WO PCT/EP2007/058035 patent/WO2008015258A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-08-02 EP EP07788174A patent/EP2049700B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-02 CN CNA200780037189XA patent/CN101568662A/en active Pending
- 2007-08-02 SI SI200731684T patent/SI2361997T1/en unknown
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10364479B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2019-07-30 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Method for producing a low-alloy steel ingot |
US11560612B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2023-01-24 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Method for producing a low-alloy steel ingot |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2049700T3 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
CN102433511A (en) | 2012-05-02 |
ES2545185T3 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
EP2361997A1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
SI2361997T1 (en) | 2015-10-30 |
US20120003117A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
US20100047108A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
IL196858A (en) | 2015-03-31 |
ES2379779T3 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
IL220309A0 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
EP2361997B1 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
ZA200900810B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
PL2361997T3 (en) | 2015-10-30 |
IL196858A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
US8101004B2 (en) | 2012-01-24 |
EP2049700A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
SI2049700T1 (en) | 2012-03-30 |
KR20090055563A (en) | 2009-06-02 |
FR2904634B1 (en) | 2008-12-19 |
ATE538224T1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
EP2049700B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
FR2904634A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 |
CN101568662A (en) | 2009-10-28 |
US8551397B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
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