WO2008013474A1

WO2008013474A1 - Use of reticular foamed directed-structure plastic in the form of heat-insulating, temperature-controlling and sound insulation material

Info

Publication number: WO2008013474A1
Application number: PCT/RU2007/000052
Authority: WO
Inventors: Efim Semenovich Vainerman
Original assignee: Hidex Ltd.
Priority date: 2006-07-26
Filing date: 2007-02-05
Publication date: 2008-01-31
Also published as: RU2326214C2; RU2006127142A; AR062105A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of reticular foamed directed-structure plastic in the form of heat-insulating, temperature-controlling and sound insulation material. Unique properties of reticular foamed directed-structure plastics produce an effect which is more pronounced than the effect of known materials.

Description

The use of reticular poroplasts with a directed structure as a heat insulating and thermoregulating material, as well as a sound insulating material.

The proposed technical solutions relate to reticular poroplasty directed structure.

Reticular poroplasts of directional structure have better sound absorption compared to most known materials used as soundproof materials at present. Similar materials can be obtained by cryostructuring of aqueous collagen dispersions.

The desired technical result of the application of the proposed solutions is to achieve the best operational properties - soundproofing, heat-insulating, temperature-controlled and expanding the arsenal of materials used for these purposes in construction, transport, in equipment for various purposes, both stationary and mobile, as well as in any other areas where such materials may be in demand.

The use of reticular poroplasts with a directed structure as heat-insulating materials allows one to obtain heat-insulating properties at the level of heat-insulating materials that are currently best used.

In combination with good soundproofing properties, this ensures optimal operational properties when used in construction, engineering in various types of vehicles, in refrigeration equipment, etc. The thermal conductivity coefficient in (W / m K) in the dry state is: - for reticular poroplasts of directed structure - 0.04 - for foam - 0.05 - for isover - 0.033

The use of reticular poroplasts with directional structure as thermoregulating materials provides better thermoregulatory functions in comparison with known materials.

The use of modern heat and sound insulating materials creates a number of problems associated primarily with sharp fluctuations in temperature and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) humidity inside the insulated object (buildings and structures, cars and trains, as well as other vehicles).

In the vast majority of cases, this problem is solved by creating complex air conditioning systems that require constant maintenance and consume a significant amount of energy. According to estimates, the cost of energy spent on these purposes is about $ 100 billion per year.

At the same time, the problem of maintaining comfortable humidity and temperature can be solved in a fundamentally different way, namely by using hygroscopic heat and sound insulating materials. It is well known that in a wooden, clay or lime plaster house, an extremely comfortable environment is created due to the ability of these materials to reversibly absorb and desorb moisture, i.e. perform a conditioning or thermoregulating function with virtually no energy consumption.

This effect has been widely used for centuries. An example is the Winter Palace, in which Rastrelli, in the mid-18th century, using similar materials for the interior decoration of a building, achieved an exceptional conditioning effect without the use of any complex technical devices. By the way this method was later called ^• "Hermitage" method for creating a microclimate.

Given the ever-increasing cost of energy, as well as the apparent warming of the climate, the future certainly belongs to the “Hermitage” method of maintaining the microclimate.

However, the materials traditionally used for this type of conditioning, unfortunately, do not have the required heat and sound insulation properties, and also have a relatively large specific gravity.

This problem can be effectively solved by using porous heat and sound insulating materials with a directed structure based on collagen.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) These materials have a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, excellent sound-absorbing and sound-insulating properties, as well as high hygroscopicity, reaching under certain conditions 100%.

They are able to absorb a significant amount of moisture in the air, and give it away when the temperature rises. Moisture evaporation causes a natural decrease in the surface temperature of the material. So when evaporating only 50 g of water contained under normal conditions in 5 square meters. meters of collagen material, temperature 10 cubic meters. m of air is reduced from 30 to 20 degrees.

The uniqueness of the properties of the material lies in the fact that, being a good heat and sound insulator, it has the ability to reversibly bind moisture, while maintaining its strength and other physical and mechanical characteristics.

For the vast majority of modern building materials, hygroscopicity ranges from 3 to 10%. Hygroscopicity determines the thermoregulatory (conditioning) properties of the material. For example, having absorbed a certain amount of moisture, it will give it away when the ambient temperature rises, thus maintaining its constant humidity. But in addition, the evaporation of moisture will cause cooling of the surface of the material and, thereby, reduce the temperature of the surrounding space. Since the hygroscopicity of the material exceeds the known ones by almost an order of magnitude, the limits of such a peculiar regulation become very significant. That is, the material will maintain a constant microclimate much longer and will be effective with significant fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

The use of reticular poroplasts with a directed structure as a thermoregulating material allows one to obtain a much more pronounced effect of thermoregulation compared to the effect of thermoregulation obtained using materials currently used for the construction of stationary structures and vehicles.

The use of reticular poroplasts with a directional structure as a soundproofing material allows one to reduce the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of the soundproofing layer, in comparison with many known soundproofing materials, while obtaining the same noise reduction. This is especially true when used in transport, mobile equipment and in

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) other places where dimensional and weight indicators matter. More effective sound absorption of the reticular poroplastics of the directional structure allows to achieve a better soundproofing effect compared to known soundproofers with the same thickness and weight of the soundproofing layer. In turn, the use of directional reticular poroplasts as a sound insulating material expands the arsenal of applied sound insulating materials. Sound absorbing characteristics are superior to those of such a widely used sound absorbing material as mineral wool. For example, with a thickness of only 20 mm, it is similar in sound absorption to a layer of mineral wool 40 mm thick.

The sound absorption coefficient of reticular poroplasts of a directional structure at a thickness of 20 mm monotonically increases from 0.4 to 0.8 with a change in the frequency of incident sound from 500 to 4000 Hz.

The sound absorption coefficients of the samples were determined by the method of an acoustic interferometer with normal incidence of a sound wave on the surface of the sample. The results presented in the graphs (Fig. 1) indicate high sound absorbing qualities of the material. Quantitative indicators of materials with a thickness of 20 mm practically coincide with the same indicators that are characteristic for products (plates) of mineral wool, but with a thickness of 40 mm.

The reverberation sound absorption coefficients, determined in sound chamber with samples with a total area of 10-12 m ² , in the low and medium frequencies due to diffraction phenomena should increase by 1.6-1.7 times in comparison with normal coefficients.

Values of dynamic elastic moduli determined in accordance with the procedure

GOST 16297-80 (Soundproof and sound absorbing materials. Test methods)) are presented in table 1.

Table 1

Thickness Dynamic modulus of elasticity Ed, MPa, relative specimen without compression ε _d at loads, П A _a a

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The dynamic characteristics of the material samples are close to the dynamic characteristics of soft or semi-rigid mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder and meet the requirements of SNiP 23-03-2003 “Protection from the curtain”.

The calculated values of the reduction in the reduced level of impact noise by floating floors from prefabricated slabs with a surface density of about 100 kg / m ² laid on an insulating layer of foam leather with a thickness of 10 and 20 mm are presented in the graphs (Fig. 2). The calculated indices of improving the insulation of impact noise with a material 10 and 20 mm thick were 21 and 23 dB, respectively.

The tested samples of foam leather gaskets in terms of their acoustic performance meet the requirements of SNiP 23-3-2003 and can be recommended for use as soundproof gaskets in building structures when floating floors are installed, as well as for vibration isolation of building engineering equipment.

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Claims

Claim

1. The use of reticular poroplasts directed structure as a heat insulating material.

2. The use of reticular poroplasts directed structure as a thermoregulatory material.

3. The use of reticular poroplasts directed structure as a sound insulating material.

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