WO2008013472A1

WO2008013472A1 - Lock

Info

Publication number: WO2008013472A1
Application number: PCT/RU2006/000587
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pavel Andreevich Garibin; Sergej Vladimirovich Larionov; Roman Yurevich Tkachev
Original assignee: Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoj Otvetstvennostyu 'snpo Ecohydrotekhnika'
Priority date: 2006-07-25
Filing date: 2006-11-07
Publication date: 2008-01-31
Also published as: RU2307890C1

Abstract

The invention relates to hydrotechnical constructions, in particular to locks provided with a balancing pond. The inventive lock comprises a lock chamber provided with a gate and a balancing pond which is provided with a water displacing element and is embodied in the form of a floating block which is placed in the lock chamber and is provided with a mechanism used for displacing said bloc vertically with respect to the lock chamber, wherein the floating block consists of three sections, the top and bottom section of which are embodied in the form of sealed air-filled buoyancy compartments and the middle section is embodied in the form of a hollow tank which is connected to the lock chamber by a water conduit provided with a shutter, the water displacing element is embodied in the form of a piston which is arranged in the hollow tank and is sealed with respect to the bottom and side walls thereof and is provided with a braking mechanism, and the surfaces of the bottom and ceiling which are conjugated with the piston are embodied in parallel position to each other and are inclined away from the water conduit provided with the shutter. The invention makes it possible to substantially simplify the structural design and the operation of the construction and to reduce material consumption.

Description

Gateway

Technical field

The invention relates to hydraulic structures, in particular, locks with a savings pool.

State of the art

A gateway with a savings pool is known, comprising a chamber with a gate connected to the savings pool via a water conduit with a shutter, and a water displacing element provided with a drive that moves it through the savings pool. See Denert G. “Sluices and ship elevators)), M. 1961, p. 381-382.

The disadvantage of such a gateway is the presence of a complex cable-block system connecting the water-displacing element with counterweights, and the very large force of its drive.

A gateway with a savings pool is known, comprising a chamber with a gate connected to the savings pool via a water conduit with a shutter, and an element displacing water, made in the form of a vertical shield with the possibility of it moving along the bottom of the savings pool and equipped with a drive to which counterweights are attached using a cable block system; the bottom of the savings pool is curved in the longitudinal direction, SU 552386 Al. In this gateway, the load on the drive of the water-displacing element is reduced, however, a complex and material-intensive cable-block system is connected that connects the balances to the water-displacing element. The balances themselves and their paths also have a very large material consumption.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to simplify the design and operation of the structure, as well as reducing material consumption; In addition, the problem of reducing lock time by reducing the time of entry and exit of ships into the chamber and from the chamber of the lock is being solved.

According to the invention, in a lock containing a lock chamber with gates and a saving pool with a water-displacing element, the saving pool is made in the form of a floating unit located in the lock chamber and equipped with a mechanism for moving it in height relative to the lock chamber, the floating block is made of three sections, the upper and the lower section is made in the form of sealed air buoyancy compartments, and the middle section is made in the form of a hollow tank connected to the lock chamber by means of a water conduit with a shutter, displacing ode member is a piston, placed in a hollow tank, sealed relative to its bottom, ceiling and side walls, the piston is equipped with a mechanism for braking it, the surfaces of the bottom and ceiling mating with the piston are parallel and have a bias to the side of the water conduit with the shutter.

The applicant has not identified any technical solutions identical to the claimed one, which allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "novelty" (N).

As a result of the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention, the object acquires a new property, which consists in the fact that part of the water from the chamber, (drain prism), goes into the middle compartment of the floating unit by gravity, while the piston moves only due to water pressure until the gateway chamber is emptied to the level downstream (NB). Since, after opening the lower gate of the lock, the floating unit pops up, a flow of water from the NL into the lock chamber is created, which accelerates the vessel's entry into the chamber and the lock process as a whole. (The filling of the lock chamber occurs without additional energy costs due to the displacement of water by the piston from the middle section of the floating unit.) After opening the upper gate, the floating unit is heated by the drive, and the water displaced due to this enters the upper pool (WB); its flow accelerates the withdrawal of the vessel from the lock chamber, which further accelerates the lockout. In the present invention, in contrast to the prototype, there is no system of mechanical balancing of the water-displacing element, which has a large material consumption, complex structure, significant operating costs. These indicated circumstances determine, in the applicant's opinion, the invention meets the criterion of "inventive law" (IS).

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is further explained by the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 - gateway in the plan; in FIG. 2 is a section along A - A in FIG. 1, the middle section is empty; in FIG. 3 is a section along B - B in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 is a section along B - B in FIG. 1, the middle section of the floating unit is empty; in FIG. 5 is a section along B - B in FIG. 1, the middle section of the floating unit is filled; in FIG. 6 - node G in FIG. 4, the piston is in the up position before emptying the lock chamber; in FIG. 7 - node D in FIG. 5, the piston is in the lower position, the airlock is empty; in FIG. 8 - node D in FIG. 5, the piston is in the lower position, the lock chamber is ready for filling; in FIG. 9 - node G in FIG. 4, the piston is in the upper position, the lock chamber is full.

The best embodiment of the invention The gateway contains a lock chamber 1 with a gate 2 on the WB side and a gate 3 on the NB side. The savings pool is made in the form of a floating unit 4, which is located in the lock chamber 1. Fixation and movement of the floating block 4 in height relative to the lock chamber 1 is carried out using mechanism 5. In a specific example, this is a screw pair with an electric or hydraulic drive (drive in the drawings not shown). In this case, the mechanism 5 consists of two parts (screw pairs), one of them is located on the side of the WB, and the other on the side of the NB. It is also possible execution of the mechanism 5 in the form of a combination of hydraulic cylinders. The floating unit 4 is made of three sections. The upper section 6 and the lower section 7 are sealed buoyancy compartments filled with air. The middle section is made in the form of a hollow tank 8 connected to the chamber 1 by means of a water conduit 9 with a shutter 10. The mechanism 5 performs both the movement of the floating unit 4 relative to the chamber 1, and perform the function of guides. The water-displacing element is made in the form of a piston 11, sealed by a roller 12 relative to the bottom 13 of the hollow tank 8, its ceiling 14 and side walls 15. The piston 11 is equipped with a mechanism 16 for braking it. The surfaces of the bottom and ceiling mating with the piston 11 are parallel and slope away from the water conduit 9 with the shutter 10. To release air from the hollow tank 8 behind the piston 11 when it is filled with water, and also to prevent the formation of vacuum when emptying the hollow tank 8, it is equipped aeration pipes 17 with emergency valves 18. The work of the gateway is as follows. In the initial position (Fig. 1), the gates 2 and 3 are closed, the chamber 1 is filled with water to the level of the WB. The floating unit 4 is in the lower position, while the middle of the piston 11 is below the WB level by δi (Fig. 6), part of the container 8 below the piston 11 is not filled with water (Figs. 4 and 6). The shutter 10 is open, and water from the chamber 1 can enter the compartment 8 of the floating unit above the piston 11. According to the hydrostatic law, water 11 presses the piston 11 with an intensity up to co = γ _in -h, where γ _in is the specific gravity of the water and h is the height column of water in the container 8 in front of the piston, co is the total pressure of the water on the piston 11, the resultant of which is applied with a rectangular outline of the piston 11 by ¹ A of its height. Since the middle of the piston 8 is at this moment lower than the WB level in the lock chamber 1 by a value of δi, a hydraulic vacuum is created in front of the piston, the value of which is determined by the specific pressure p _lvak = γ _in (0.5 h - δi).

The resultant of this pressure pi _wak will be directed to the opposite side of the resultant hydrostatic pressure of water ω to the piston 11 and at the same time ω> pi _wak , due to which the piston 11 is moved along the container 8.

To reduce the water level in the chamber 1, the braking mechanism 16 is turned off, and the piston 11 begins to move from the water conduit 9 along the compartment 8 under water pressure (Fig. 6). Since the ceiling 14 of the compartment 8 at the piston 11 is always above the water level in the chamber 1 during movement, a hydraulic vacuum is maintained above the piston 11 and this hydraulic vacuum reduces the total water pressure by the piston 11 to a value sufficient only to overcome the mechanical friction forces of the piston 11 and its seal 12 relative to the ceiling 14, the bottom 13 and the side walls 15 of the compartment 8, as well as the hydraulic resistance when water flows from the chamber 1 through the conduit 9 into the compartment 8.

A decrease in the water level in the chamber 1 corresponds to a decrease in the position of the piston 11 during descent along the inclined bottom 13 of compartment 8. Due to this, the conditions for emptying the chamber 1 are maintained due to the movement of the piston 11 under the influence of constant water pressure on it. The emptying system of chamber 1 is balanced, while atmospheric pressure plays the role of a counterweight. The emptying system of the chamber 1 is capable of self-braking in an emergency when the connections of the braking mechanism 16 and the piston 11 are broken. In this case, the piston 11, when emptying the chamber 1, will continue to move downhill along the compartment 8 under the pressure of the water on the piston 11. compartment 8 behind the piston 11, the air forms a braking air cushion below the piston 11. When emptying the chamber 1, the area of the water mirror in it decreases both due to the inclination of the walls and the drainage of the threshold of the upper head. This reduces the water pressure on the piston 11 at the end of the emptying of the chamber 1. The emptying of the chamber 1 can be stopped at any time by the emergency valve 18 on the aeration pipe 17. When the chamber 1 of the airlock is emptied to the safety level (Fig. 5; 7), the braking mechanism 16 fixes the position the piston 11 in the lowest position in the compartment 8 when deepening the middle of the piston under the level of the NB by δ ₂ when corresponding to it is p _2vac , with ω> ρ _2vac . The shutter 10 on the water conduit 9 blocks the access of water to compartment 8. The gate 3 of the chamber 1 of the gateway from the NB opens. A vessel (not conventionally shown) leaves Chamber 1 in the National Library. From the NL, a vessel enters the chamber 1 of the gateway, proceeding from the NL to the WB. Block 4, due to compartments 6 and 7 of buoyancy, in any case has positive buoyancy, and drive 5 is unloaded. During the rise (ascent) while the vessel enters the chamber 1 of the floating unit 4, the volume of water of the chamber 1 flows to the vacant space beneath it, thereby compensating for the "piston effect", reducing the volume of water displaced by the vessel from the chamber 1. When lifting the floating unit 4 in the compartment 8 in front of the piston 11, the hydraulic vacuum increases (Fig. 8) due to the elevation of the middle of the piston 11 relative to the level of the base unit by δ ₃ in contrast to the position at the end of the discharge below the base of the tank by δ ₂ (Fig. 7 ) The atmospheric air pressure from the lower side of the piston 11 will exceed the water pressure on the other side (p sound ⁼ Tv (0.5h + δ ₃ )> ω). The movement of the piston 11 up the slope of the compartment 8 under this pressure prevents the mechanism 16 of braking and locking. There is a kind of “charging” of the device for filling the chamber 1. Gate 3 of the chamber 1 of the gateway from the NB closes. The shutter 10 of the water conduit 9 opens, the braking mechanism 16 allows the piston 11 to displace water from the compartment 8 into the chamber 1 of the airlock under atmospheric pressure. The filling conditions of the chamber 1 of the gateway are maintained until the water level in the chamber 1 is aligned with the level of the WB (Fig. 9). After rising up the slope of compartment 8, piston 1 1 is in the upper position (Fig. 4) and the middle of the piston 11 rises above the UVB by δ ₄ (Fig. 9). At this moment, the shutter 10 of the water conduit 9 is closed to prevent emptying of the space above the piston 11 and disruption of the hydraulic vacuum in front of it. Gate 2 of the chamber 1 of the airlock opens and the ship exits into

WB. To reduce the "piston effect", slowing down the locking process, the floating unit 4 is heated, moving it with the help of the actuator 5 to the lower position (Fig. 6). Water from the chamber 1 from under the floating block 4 enters the WB, creating a flow that contributes to a faster exit of the vessel from the chamber 1 of the lock. When moving the block 4 downward, the piston 11 occupies a position (Fig. 6) when the middle of the piston 11 is buried under the UVB by δi. The gateway is ready to repeat the cycle, while ensuring almost complete water conservation and compensating for leaks through compaction, filtering through the soil, water evaporation without using pumps and the volume of water in the WB.

It is possible to place two or more floating blocks in a lock chamber. Thanks to the implementation of the invention, the design and operation of the structure is greatly simplified, its material consumption is reduced in comparison with the prototype. Locking time is reduced by reducing the time I / O ships from the lock chamber. The airlock chamber is emptied without external energy consumption under the action of a piston of hydrostatic forces that do not change in time and are balanced by atmospheric pressure upon the element displacing water. Surfacing of the floating block of the pool occurs almost without the expense of external energy due to its positive buoyancy. Since the "flooding" of the floating unit is carried out to a shallow depth for a long time the vessel is withdrawn from the chamber, the drive power for changing the height position of the floating unit is minimal for a balanced water conservation system.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be implemented using known technical means and standard equipment, which determines, according to the applicant, the invention meets the criterion of industrial applicability)) (IA).

Claims

Claim

A lock containing a lock chamber with gates and a savings pool with a water-displacing element, with the exception that the savings pool is made in the form of a floating unit located in the lock chamber and equipped with a mechanism for moving it along height relative to the lock chamber, while the floating unit is made of three sections, the upper and lower section are made in the form of sealed air buoyancy compartments, and the middle section is made in the form of a hollow tank connected to the lock chamber by means of a water conduit with a shutter, the water-displacing element is made in the form of a piston located in a hollow container, sealed relative to its bottom, ceiling and side walls, the piston is equipped with a braking mechanism, the surfaces of the bottom and ceiling mating with the piston are parallel and have a bias to the side of the water conduit with the shutter.