WO2008006905A2 - Verfahren und system zur reduzierung des empfangs unerwünschter nachrichten - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zur reduzierung des empfangs unerwünschter nachrichten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008006905A2 WO2008006905A2 PCT/EP2007/057266 EP2007057266W WO2008006905A2 WO 2008006905 A2 WO2008006905 A2 WO 2008006905A2 EP 2007057266 W EP2007057266 W EP 2007057266W WO 2008006905 A2 WO2008006905 A2 WO 2008006905A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- audio signal
- feature pattern
- communication network
- message
- messages
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005311 autocorrelation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1076—Screening of IP real time communications, e.g. spam over Internet telephony [SPIT]
- H04L65/1079—Screening of IP real time communications, e.g. spam over Internet telephony [SPIT] of unsolicited session attempts, e.g. SPIT
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
- H04M3/53—Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages, i.e. mailbox systems
- H04M3/533—Voice mail systems
- H04M3/53333—Message receiving aspects
- H04M3/5335—Message type or catagory, e.g. priority, indication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
- H04L51/212—Monitoring or handling of messages using filtering or selective blocking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/253—Telephone sets using digital voice transmission
- H04M1/2535—Telephone sets using digital voice transmission adapted for voice communication over an Internet Protocol [IP] network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/66—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling
- H04M1/663—Preventing unauthorised calls to a telephone set
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/18—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges with means for reducing interference or noise; with means for reducing effects due to line faults with means for protecting lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/436—Arrangements for screening incoming calls, i.e. evaluating the characteristics of a call before deciding whether to answer it
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
- H04M7/006—Networks other than PSTN/ISDN providing telephone service, e.g. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), including next generation networks with a packet-switched transport layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and system for reducing the reception of unwanted messages by using feature patterns.
- VoIP Voice over IP
- SPIT Packet over Internet telephony
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
- VoIP subscribers can be conducted almost free of charge for the caller due to the deviating billing model, which can be expected to generate a massive amount of SPIT for the future.
- the ability to send recorded voice files in bulk should be interesting for advertisers. It can be assumed that the affected VoIP subscribers will ask their respective VoIP provider for appropriate measures to be protected against unwanted calls.
- a whitelist for a subscriber X contains subscriber-specific information on such other subscribers Y in the communication network that have been classified as trustworthy and are thus entitled to call subscriber X.
- a blacklist contains subscriber-specific information about such other subscribers Y who have been classified as untrustworthy and who are therefore not authorized to call subscriber X.
- SPIT protection using white and black lists is ineffective in the case of a first-time calling, unknown subscriber, since in this case the subscriber-specific data of the unknown subscriber can not be contained in a white or a black list of the called subscriber.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a system in such a way that the reception of unwanted messages in a communication network is reduced.
- the invention relates to a method for determining a feature pattern for a voice message, wherein the voice message is in the form of a number-encoded audio signal generated by sampling.
- the method includes at least the following steps for determining the feature pattern on the basis of the number-coded audio signal: In a first step, suppression of non-speech portions of the audio signal by filtering irrelevant frequency ranges in the course of application of a suitable signal filter to the audio signal, in particular application of a bandpass filter.
- a mapping rule (SQR) is used for mapping all elements of the number-encoded audio signal into the area of the positive numbers.
- a third step an adaptation of a sample rate characterizing the sampling of the audio signal.
- the new value range of all elements of the number-coded audio signal resulting from the adaptation of the sampling rate is normalized with respect to a maximum value and an average value.
- the invention relates to a system for carrying out the illustrated method as well as devices and a corresponding communication network.
- the invention has the advantage that the reception of unwanted messages is reduced.
- FIG. 1 Block diagram for generating a feature pattern FP for a message M
- Figure 2 Variants of the generation of the feature pattern FP with additional differentiator DA
- Figure 3 variant of the generation of the feature pattern FP with additional threshold filter SWF and sample counter SZ
- FIG. 4 Comparison of two feature patterns FP1, FP2 for two messages M1, M2
- a feature pattern FP is determined for a message M.
- the message M is a voice message in a communication network, for example a voice over IP communication network.
- the message M is present in the form of a number-encoded audio signal generated by sampling.
- the inventive method is characterized by a plurality of steps, in the course of which the feature pattern FP is determined on the basis of the number-coded audio signal. The determination of the feature pattern FP is irreversible, thus the message M can not be reconstructed from the feature pattern FP.
- the particular feature pattern FP can be stored, for example, and / or transmitted to components within or outside the communication network for further processing. Furthermore, it is possible to compare the particular feature pattern FP with a second feature pattern FP of a second follower M and to determine whether the content of both messages is congruent.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram for generating a feature pattern FP from a message M. The steps illustrated in the block diagram are explained below.
- non-speech components of the audio signal are suppressed by filtering irrelevant frequency ranges during the application of a suitable signal filter to the audio signal.
- a bandpass filter BPF is advantageous, since the bandpass filter BPF mainly Although the frequency domain remains unchanged, non-speech components are largely filtered out.
- a mapping instruction SQR is used to map all elements of the number-coded audio signal (English samples) into the range of the positive numbers. For example, in the case of the squaring module, all elements of the numerically coded audio signal are squared, in the case of the absolute value module the corresponding amount is formed for all elements of the number-coded audio signal.
- an adaptation of a sampling rate of the audio signal characterizing the scanning takes place by means of an addition module AS.
- the addition module AS successively combines in each case a set of elements of the number-coded audio signal, resulting in a changed sampling rate of the audio signal.
- the number of samples summarized per second can be set.
- a normalization of the new value range of all elements of the number-coded audio signal resulting from the adaptation of the sampling rate takes place with respect to a maximum value and an average value by means of a normalizer RA.
- the normalizer RA performs a linear transformation of the samples of the audio signal in such a way that a normalization to a maximum value of 1 and an average value of 0 takes place.
- Result of the illustrated method is a sequence of numbers between -1 and 1, which represent the feature pattern FP for the message M.
- the above sequence of steps is variable and not limited to the sequence shown. In particular, steps can be omitted, changed over, or executed several times.
- the temporal duration of the audio signal is limited to a predefined level, wherein the restriction step can be carried out at any desired point in the method.
- the length limitation occurs as early as possible in the sequence of steps in order to minimize the computational effort in the subsequent steps.
- a removal of the DC component of the audio signal takes place, wherein the DC component represents the long-term average value of the audio signal.
- FIG. 2 shows variants of the generation of the feature pattern FP with an additional differentiator DA.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of the generation of the feature pattern FP with an additional threshold filter SWF and a
- Sample counter SZ By applying the threshold filter SWF, all sample values are extracted from the audio signal. tert, which are below a limit. The use of the sample counter SZ ensures that the number of samples of the resulting feature pattern is correct. In this way, for example, very quiet sections of the audio signal can be filtered out.
- the application of the threshold filter SWF and the sample counter SZ is possible at any point of the method described above. Preferably, the application of the threshold filter SWF after application of the bandpass filter BPF and before the application of the normalizer RA and before a possible application of the differentiator DA.
- FIG. 4 shows the comparison of two feature patterns FP1, FP2 for two messages M1, M2.
- the inventive method makes it possible to compare a first message Ml on the basis of a first calculated feature pattern FP1 with a second feature pattern FP2 of a second message M2. In this way it is possible to determine whether two messages Ml, M2 are identical in content or almost identical.
- the cross-correlation function c (k) of the two feature patterns is determined.
- This function c (k) is defined as follows for two data series sl (i) and s2 (j), the two data series representing the samples of the first and the second message, respectively:
- the messages are classified as identical. Otherwise, the messages are rated as not identical.
- a continuous or a multi-stage Measure for the equality of two messages Ml, M2 are derived.
- a continuous measure of equality has infinitely many intermediate stages, whereas a multilevel has only a finite number of intermediate stages.
- the ratio Cl / CO between the maximum of the cross-correlation function c (k) and the maximum CO of the auto-correlation function (feature pattern of the first message Ml) can also be correlated for determining a measure for the equality of two messages Ml, M2 with himself).
- the threshold value predetermined for the correlation function c (k) or the reference value for a multi-level classification can be determined from the auto and cross-correlation functions of other messages stored in the system.
- the inventive method is efficient because a feature pattern FP for a message M contains only a small amount of data. In this way, the feature space is greatly reduced starting from a message M.
- the small amount of data per feature pattern FP allows, for example, a very efficient storage and / or forwarding of a feature pattern FP within a communication system.
- the method according to the invention is also suitable for comparing messages which are independent of one another, for example after transmission by analog voice network or after recoding the messages - were digitized.
- the inventive method is insensitive to a certain amount of superimposed noise in different variants of a message M.
- the resulting size of the feature patterns FP1, FP2 can be influenced by adjusting the data rate and by limiting the length of the audio signal.
- a further advantage of the invention is that a feature pattern FP1 for a message M1 is indeed suitable for comparison with a second feature pattern FP2 for a second message M2, that it is no longer possible to recalculate the original voice message from a feature pattern FP1, FP2. Only in this way can the method also be used in a distributed analysis system in which feature patterns in the communication network are transmitted with the aim of comparison, without the receiver being able to obtain knowledge of the original voice message.
- the method according to the invention is executed by a voicebox server.
- the inventive method is executed in a communication network of at least one client and at least one server, wherein the client performs the determination of a feature pattern FP for a message M, and wherein the server compares feature patterns FP for different messages M performs.
- the client represents, for example, a network-based voicebox system or a terminal such as an answering machine.
- the server is made available, for example, by a network operator as part of an answering service. Alternatively, the server can also be offered by an independent operator.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07787534A EP2044588A2 (de) | 2006-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Verfahren und system zur reduzierung des empfangs unerwünschter nachrichten |
US12/373,633 US20100131270A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method and system for reducing reception of unwanted messages |
CA002658152A CA2658152A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method and system for reducing reception of unwanted messages |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006032543A DE102006032543A1 (de) | 2006-07-13 | 2006-07-13 | Verfahren und System zur Reduzierung des Empfangs unerwünschter Nachrichten |
DE102006032543.5 | 2006-07-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008006905A2 true WO2008006905A2 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
WO2008006905A3 WO2008006905A3 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
Family
ID=38825258
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/057266 WO2008006905A2 (de) | 2006-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Verfahren und system zur reduzierung des empfangs unerwünschter nachrichten |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100131270A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2044588A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101490742A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2658152A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102006032543A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008006905A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8141152B1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2012-03-20 | Avaya Inc. | Method to detect spam over internet telephony (SPIT) |
JP2015521421A (ja) * | 2012-06-08 | 2015-07-27 | インテル コーポレイション | 長く遅延したエコーのためのエコーキャンセレーションアルゴリズム |
US9564147B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2017-02-07 | Rakuten, Inc. | Audio communication system, audio communication method, audio communication purpose program, audio transmission terminal, and audio transmission terminal purpose program |
US9531778B2 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-12-27 | Combined Conditional Access Development And Support, Llc | Message rate mixing for bandwidth management |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050096899A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-05-05 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte., Ltd. | Apparatus, method, and computer program for comparing audio signals |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8517918D0 (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1985-08-21 | British Telecomm | Recognition system |
US5436653A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1995-07-25 | The Arbitron Company | Method and system for recognition of broadcast segments |
US5526419A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1996-06-11 | At&T Corp. | Background noise compensation in a telephone set |
EP0887958B1 (de) * | 1997-06-23 | 2003-01-22 | Liechti Ag | Verfahren für die Kompression der Aufnahmen von Umgebungsgeräuschen, Verfahren für die Erfassung von Programmelementen darin, Vorrichtung und Computer-Programm dafür |
US6098040A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2000-08-01 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing an improved feature set in speech recognition by performing noise cancellation and background masking |
US6173258B1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-01-09 | Sony Corporation | Method for reducing noise distortions in a speech recognition system |
US7174293B2 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2007-02-06 | Iceberg Industries Llc | Audio identification system and method |
SE522553C2 (sv) * | 2001-04-23 | 2004-02-17 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Bandbreddsutsträckning av akustiska signaler |
DE102004036154B3 (de) * | 2004-07-26 | 2005-12-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur robusten Klassifizierung von Audiosignalen sowie Verfahren zu Einrichtung und Betrieb einer Audiosignal-Datenbank sowie Computer-Programm |
US8121839B2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2012-02-21 | Rockstar Bidco, LP | Method and apparatus for detecting unsolicited multimedia communications |
-
2006
- 2006-07-13 DE DE102006032543A patent/DE102006032543A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-07-13 WO PCT/EP2007/057266 patent/WO2008006905A2/de active Application Filing
- 2007-07-13 CA CA002658152A patent/CA2658152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-13 CN CNA200780026502XA patent/CN101490742A/zh active Pending
- 2007-07-13 US US12/373,633 patent/US20100131270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-13 EP EP07787534A patent/EP2044588A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050096899A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-05-05 | Stmicroelectronics Asia Pacific Pte., Ltd. | Apparatus, method, and computer program for comparing audio signals |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MACINTOSH R ET AL: "Detection and mitigation of spam in IP telephony networks using signaling protocol analysis" ADVANCES IN WIRED AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, 2005 IEEE/SARNOFF SYMPOSIUM ON PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, USA APRIL 18-19, 2005, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 18. April 2005 (2005-04-18), Seiten 49-52, XP010793744 ISBN: 0-7803-8854-2 * |
WADA N ET AL: "Robust speech recognition with feature extraction using combined method of RSF and DRA" COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, 2004. ISCIT 2004. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SAPPORO, JAPAN OCT. 26-29, 2004, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 26. Oktober 2004 (2004-10-26), Seiten 1001-1004, XP010783524 ISBN: 0-7803-8593-4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008006905A3 (de) | 2008-04-17 |
EP2044588A2 (de) | 2009-04-08 |
DE102006032543A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
US20100131270A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
CA2658152A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
CN101490742A (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
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