WO2008003342A1 - Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil - Google Patents

Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008003342A1
WO2008003342A1 PCT/EP2006/006628 EP2006006628W WO2008003342A1 WO 2008003342 A1 WO2008003342 A1 WO 2008003342A1 EP 2006006628 W EP2006006628 W EP 2006006628W WO 2008003342 A1 WO2008003342 A1 WO 2008003342A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
raw water
evaporator
water
profile
thermoforming
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/006628
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Herbert Kunze
Original Assignee
Sonne + Energie Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sonne + Energie Gmbh filed Critical Sonne + Energie Gmbh
Priority to AU2006345922A priority Critical patent/AU2006345922A1/en
Priority to EP06754686A priority patent/EP2064154A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2006/006628 priority patent/WO2008003342A1/fr
Publication of WO2008003342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008003342A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0006—Coils or serpentines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for water purification with a housing, a Verdunster and a capacitor as far as a method for producing a device for water purification.
  • the published patent application DE 199 23 682 A1 describes a device for recovering fresh water from raw water, which has an obliquely arranged housing in which a planar evaporator and a flat capacitor are arranged in parallel.
  • the housing is sealed by a transparent cover arranged parallel to the evaporator.
  • the vaporized from the evaporator part of the raw water is condensed on the condenser to Süs-swasser and passed through a channel from the housing.
  • the condenser in this case consists of a arranged between the rear wall and the evaporator heat exchanger, the raw water is supplied to the underside, which is supplied after its heating by the heat exchanger on the top side via a bypass of a dripping device and passes to the evaporator by means of the dripping device.
  • the moisture-laden air is deflected through the housing boundary or through the rear wall of the housing, so that the moisture-laden air firstly flows into a gap between the condenser and the evaporator and, secondly, in a gap between the condenser and a housing bottom into a lower area of the device ,
  • At the condenser condenses the moisture from the water-laden air.
  • This Condensate now flows along the condenser into a fresh water collection gutter and out of the device.
  • the air which has previously been heavily laden with moisture, is cooled, so that it sinks into the lower region of the device, where it is continuously heated again by solar energy.
  • the heated air flows upwards between the translucent housing top side and the evaporator and takes up again evaporated raw water from the evaporator surface.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE 43 21 192 A1 discloses an apparatus for distilling water in the low-temperature range, in which solar collectors, which consist of glass cover, frame and absorber, are combined with evaporators and heat exchangers to form a wall. In this case, there is additionally an irradiation of mirror films whose angles are set with rigging known from sailing ships. In this case, thermal energy is collected in the energy store via a thermosyphon system. Hot water flows to trickle over a sponge, which is permeable to water only at low pressure, in Z-shaped flow mats. The forming drops increase the Verdunsrungsober Design.
  • a disadvantage of this apparatus is the relatively complicated structure of the still, which, among other things, leads to relatively high production costs and makes the apparatus generally prone to technical problems.
  • a disadvantage also affects the wick used in known devices or apparatuses, for example, cotton towels or sponges - which absorb the raw water - quickly pollute by the usually impure raw water and must be frequently cleaned or replaced.
  • the object of the invention is to further develop devices for freshwater production and to increase their effectiveness.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a device for fresh water extraction with a housing, a Verdunster and a capacitor in which the Capacitor is arranged opposite the evaporator at an angle and / or with respect to a housing bottom.
  • the housing of the device is not simply horizontal, but preferably has an angle of about 30 ° with respect to a water surface within or outside the device.
  • the water surface is in an open container.
  • the condenser and the evaporator have a corresponding angle to the water surface.
  • the condenser is arranged at an angle, in particular with respect to the evaporator, the condenser is preferably steeper in the device,
  • the steeper position of the condenser has the advantage that with respect to the air flow in the device, the condenser with the evaporator form a kind of diffuser.
  • the condenser arranged more steeply in the device and the housing bottom of the device form a kind of nozzle with regard to the air flow within the device.
  • the interaction of diffuser on the one hand and nozzle on the other, has a particularly favorable effect on the air flow within the device.
  • Gap height of the gap between the evaporator and the capacitor has a variable course. Is the angle between the evaporator and the
  • the gap for example, between these two Components in the upper area a smaller dimension than in the lower area. If, with regard to the gap of these two components, a flow is passed through which flows through the gap from top to bottom, the selected arrangement of the two components forms a kind of diffuser. It has been shown in a large number of experiments that an air flowing into the gap from above is delayed during the passage of the downwardly widening gap. For example, this means that the surface of the capacitor is in contact with the air, which is preferably highly water-laden, for much longer. The surface of the capacitor can in this case absorb more humidity or condensate, which increases, inter alia, the effectiveness of freshwater production. For example, the steeper arrangement of the condenser within the device is also advantageous for an increased absorption of air moisture, as this allows the condensate to drain off the condenser surface faster.
  • the gap between the condenser and the housing bottom of the device has an exactly opposite cross-sectional profile.
  • Air entering the gap is accelerated by the nozzle effect, so that the air flowing through between the condenser and the housing bottom escapes at the gap narrowing in the lower region of the condenser much faster than it has entered the wider gap at the top.
  • the evaporator is arranged parallel to the housing top. Depending on the application, it may also be useful that the evaporator with respect to the upper side of the housing is arranged at an angle.
  • the evaporator can be made to the upper side of the housing so that the evaporator is arranged overall shallower in the housing, wherein the raw water passed on top of the evaporator runs less quickly downwards over the evaporator. In this way it can be achieved that the raw water remains on the Verdunster Structure for a longer period of time. This in turn can have a positive effect on the evaporation performance with respect to the raw water in the housing.
  • the evaporator has at least one thermoforming profile.
  • the evaporator according to the invention has the great advantage that it can dispense with the evaporation process on a stretched over the surface of a conventional evaporator cotton cloth.
  • the raw water is forcibly passed through the evaporator according to the invention, that almost the entire surface is always kept moist, so that due to this the evaporation process proceeds very effectively.
  • the surface was partially moistened.
  • thermoforming profile forming the evaporator is prevented by means of a frame and by means of a forced water flow, that the raw water runs into the clean area of the water.
  • thermoforming profile forming the evaporator By virtue of the thermoforming profile forming the evaporator, the surface of the evaporator is substantially increased in relation to a surface of an evaporator operating according to the wick method.
  • the evaporator according to the invention of a deep-drawn profile with a low surface roughness has the advantage that the evaporator is less heavily polluted and can also be better cleaned. This requires the evaporator are cleaned less frequently, so that as a result, the cost of maintenance is significantly reduced.
  • the surface of the evaporator is selectively coated with, for example, a paint or a vacuum coating with titanium oxide.
  • the device in order to keep or reduce the cost of the apparatus for obtaining fresh water low, it is particularly advantageous if the device further
  • thermoforming profile Having components that can be made from a single thermoforming profile.
  • thermoforming professional 1 for the production of various components, such as the condenser, a heat exchanger of the device or a
  • Drip device used the device.
  • the capacitor of the device is formed from at least one deep-drawn profile, preferably from two deep-drawn profiles. Also on the capacitor meet the advantages described with respect to the evaporator. Therefore, the device with a capacitor formed in this way is also essential to the invention, apart from the characterizing features of the main claim of the invention.
  • the device has a heat exchanger which is formed from at least two thermoforming profiles.
  • the heat exchanger is made of at least two thermoforming profiles, which are arranged, for example, such a mirror image of each other that between them creates a cavity through which the raw water can be passed.
  • the profiling of the thermoforming profile also results in a forced guidance of the raw water for the heat exchanger, wherein this is passed in zigzag form from bottom to top through the heat exchanger.
  • Particularly advantageous in this case is the surface with a low roughness of the thermoforming profiles, wherein in particular a reduction of the friction losses between the inner surface of the heat exchanger and the raw water allows improved passage of the raw water.
  • the device has a dripping device, which is formed from a thermoforming profile.
  • the dripping device receives the raw water, for example via a bypass directly from the heat exchanger.
  • the drip device is also made of the same thermoforming profiles such as the evaporator, the condenser and the heat exchanger, so that thereby also a further substantial simplification of the structure of the entire device results.
  • the dripping device has an outlet with a diameter of more than 1 mm, preferably with a diameter of more than 2 mm.
  • the dripping device has an outlet with a diameter of more than 1 mm, preferably with a diameter of more than 2 mm.
  • known drippers for example, five one-millimeter outlets were provided. This had the great disadvantage that these holes easily clogged with insufficient prefilling the raw water.
  • the dripping device has only a single outlet.
  • this outlet is located on the opposite side of a flow of a first stair segment of the thermoforming profile.
  • the raw water is distributed mainly on the top first Legs of the stair segment.
  • thermoforming profile has at least one stair segment.
  • the differently shaped legs refer in this case on the one hand to the leg length of the stair segment and the other to the leg depth of the stair segment.
  • a stair segment is understood to mean a region of the deep-drawn profile, which is preferably formed from two differently shaped legs. It will be appreciated that a component such as a condenser or evaporator is formed from a plurality of staircase segments (thermoforming profiles) arranged in a row.
  • the two legs of the stair segment are formed differently deep, for example, has to evaporation favorably oriented first leg a greater depth than the approximately vertically aligned second leg.
  • the first leg can receive a larger surface area than the second leg.
  • a further embodiment provides that at least one leg has a water drainage boundary.
  • a Wasscrablaufbcgrznung ensures, for example, that the running along the thermoforming raw water does not shoot down from the top down on the surface of the stair segment, but at least partially in the area of the water drainage boundary Schenkels is held back.
  • the water drainage limit can be formed by a physical unit with the thermoforming profile.
  • the water drainage limitation is made directly during the deep-drawing process. It is also possible that this water drainage restriction is attached as an independent component to the leg.
  • the water drainage limit can be plugged, glued, riveted, welded or attached by any other fastening technology to the leg.
  • the water drainage boundary is arranged in the vicinity of the leg edge. But it can also be arranged at a distance from the leg edge. It is particularly advantageous if the water drainage boundary has at least one material recess. This material recess is preferably located on one of the two end faces of a leg. The material recess ensures that the water normally does not flow over the water drainage boundary of the stair segment, but is only jammed at the water drainage boundary. The water preferably flows off at the material recess of the water drainage boundary.
  • the material recess is formed as a kind of overflow. But it can also be introduced, for example, as a hole in the water drainage boundary or formed as a bore in the leg.
  • At least one leg has a flow through which the raw water is forcibly guided, inter alia.
  • This flow is preferably arranged in the region of an end face of a limb.
  • the flow serves to direct the water from one leg of a first stair segment to a leg of a second stair segment. If the flow is arranged on the respective opposite end face of a stair segment, the water flows as long as possible over the leg. Thus, the largest possible surface is wetted with water.
  • thermoforming profile as a component for a evaporator, condenser, etc. especially can be used well, it is advantageous if the thermoforming profile has a frame.
  • the frame of the thermoforming profile forms a conclusion, in particular on the front sides of the legs, so that, for example, not the raw water can escape uncontrollably from the thermoforming surface.
  • thermoforming profile has an inlet and a drain which are essentially identical. This ensures that, for example, always only so much raw water can flow into the thermoforming profile, as well as can be dissipated. It is also useful that the inlet is smaller than the drain.
  • the surface finish of the thermoforming profile is smooth.
  • the smooth surface may be ground, for example by means of a 400 abrasive. It is also possible to execute the surface of the thermoforming profile as a "no-drop surface". It is understood that the surface of the thermoforming profile can be provided with a particularly smooth coating, for example with a lacquer layer. Also, the surface may be treated so as to have the so-called lotus effect. This contamination of the surface is almost impossible.
  • the deep-drawn profile with the smooth surface finish has the advantage that dirt particles can not accumulate on the surface of the deep-drawn profile as quickly.
  • this surface has the advantage that the friction losses are reduced with respect to a medium in contact with it.
  • thermoforming profile is made of polypropylene (PP), preferably of a polypropylene derivative.
  • PP polypropylene
  • a deep-drawn polypropylene profile is particularly easy to manufacture.
  • a solar paint can be introduced into the polypropylene and / or the surface can be coated with solar paint.
  • an increased solar energy absorption is advantageous. It is understood that not only the evaporator aur do the materials described above, but also other components of the device. This relates in particular to all components of the device which are produced by means of the deep-drawing profile according to the invention.
  • the device has a raw water collecting container.
  • each device preferably has a raw water collecting container.
  • a raw water collecting container In such a raw water collecting a certain raw water reservoir can then be dammed, so that each device is supplied by raw water with the same pressure.
  • the pre-pressure on the device for obtaining fresh water by means of an integrated container with float valve is kept constant.
  • the raw water collecting tank is arranged at a point at which the raw water has not yet flowed through the heat exchanger of the device, so that even the heat exchangers of approximately successively connected devices get one and the same amount of raw water supplied under equal pressure conditions.
  • the raw water collection container can also be arranged externally, so not directly attached to the device.
  • the device may comprise at least one groove outside the housing.
  • the channel is also ensured that the raw water has almost the same pressure or a constant at each device, in particular on each device connected in series Volume of raw water is available.
  • Pressure valve includes. Under a pressure valve in the context of the invention, each
  • Device understood that is able to keep the raw water pressure at least immediately before the device constant and / or in the vicinity of a preset
  • the pressure valve may, for example, as previously mentioned, be arranged as a float valve in or on the raw water collection tank.
  • the pressure valve ensures that all devices are supplied with the same amount of raw water, in particular with the same raw water pressure.
  • the device has at least one flow regulator.
  • the distribution of the raw water with a closure and a non-return valve is set so that preferably 20% of the raw water flow into the dripper and 80% in a collection area for
  • Main claim is essential to the invention, as with a flow regulator the
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides that the device has a changeover device, with which the device is connected either to a heating circuit or to a cooling circuit.
  • the device for fresh water extraction for example, warm or hot raw water is supplied from an external heater.
  • This hot water is not passed through the heat exchanger of the device, but preferably directly by means of a bypass into the drip device.
  • Such a procedure is particularly advantageous when there is insufficient solar energy available to heat the freshwater recovery device so that no fresh water can be recovered by solar energy. For example, this is the case during the night, when no solar energy is available or even in a heavily clouded sky, when the warming sun rays are prevented from reaching the device.
  • the device has a Kondensatsammei worn on the inside of the housing top.
  • the condensation of water in the device is so high that also condensate forms in particular on the transparent, cool housing top.
  • this disk condensate can be collected with a rubber lip and removed into a clean water collector.
  • the rubber lip is preferably arranged in a lower region of the housing upper side, wherein the condensate to be discharged laterally into a channel of the device can be.
  • the device according to the invention When operating the device with external energy, the device according to the invention is the usual Wasserdestille, where it is a solar stillness with sufficient solar radiation.
  • the housing top is a non-negligible condensation surface, whereby the yield of fresh water production or pure water production can be increased significantly.
  • the device has a rainwater collecting device on the outside at a lower region of the housing top.
  • a rubber lip is mounted on the outside of the translucent housing upper side, which dissipates the rainwater, which runs down in the region of the housing surface from top to bottom, preferably to the side.
  • the rainwater collection device is designed such that the rainwater is passed with only a small amount of precipitation such that it runs down the housing of the device itself.
  • the amount of rain increases, so much precipitate builds up on the outside surface of the top of the housing that it greatly increases the kinetic energy of the rainwater during drainage.
  • the rainwater has reached a certain kinetic energy or if the rainwater has exceeded a certain kinetic energy value, it flows off so quickly that it no longer flows off the side of the housing, but is guided by the rainwater collection device such that it passes into a rainwater channel of the device becomes.
  • at least the upper channel opening is arranged at a distance from the housing of the device, so that slowly draining rainwater, which usually still carries the surface dirt of the device, does not even reach the rainwater channel. Only when the precipitation is strong enough, the rain water has such a high kinetic Energy that it "shoots" into the rainwater channel.
  • larger plants that identify a significant area for rainwater catch thus win rainwater as fresh water.
  • the device is sealed gas-tight.
  • the device is sealed gas-tight.
  • formation of salt crystals which are difficult to dissolve again prevented. Falls below a certain moisture content within the device, the salt can crystallize and thus clog the device inside.
  • Another advantage that results from a gas-tightly sealed device is that the risk is reduced that pests or dust or sand penetrates into the interior of the device. In a gas-tightly sealed device, it is almost impossible that, for example, beetles penetrate into the device and die there, possibly impairing the functional efficiency of the device.
  • the negative pressure can be generated in this case for example by a water column in a sequence of the device.
  • the inventive device for fresh water production to say that created here a multifunctional fresh water extraction device has been.
  • fresh water is obtained from raw water with the help of solar energy, and on the other hand, fresh water can be excellently recovered on the principle of a distillery insert by external heating of the device.
  • rainwater is collected with the device according to the invention, which can also be used for freshwater production.
  • the device is suitable for use near the equator, since in these latitudes periods of dryness alternate with periods of extreme showers.
  • the device described above combines the three most important clean water functions in one device, and at a correspondingly low cost.
  • the object of the invention is also 'solved by a method for producing a device for fresh water production, wherein in the device a plurality of identical thermoforming profiles is introduced.
  • a method for producing a device for fresh water production wherein in the device a plurality of identical thermoforming profiles is introduced.
  • components such as a vaporizer, a condenser, a heat exchanger or a Tropfeinrichrung are made in conventional devices for fresh water extraction from different bodies or of different materials.
  • identical thermoforming profiles are introduced into the device. With the identical thermoforming profiles different components of the device can be realized in each case.
  • thermoforming profile is used to produce a Verdunster the device, wherein two thermoforming profiles are used to produce a capacitor of the device, which also includes a heat exchanger at the same time.
  • FIG. 4 the distillery schematically in a front view
  • FIG. 5 shows a vaporizer according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a capacitor according to the invention with integrated heat exchanger
  • FIG. 8 an isolated staircase segment in a perspective top view
  • FIG. 9 a further isolated stair segment in a perspective top view
  • FIG. 10 shows a partial plan view of a deep-drawn profile according to the invention
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of an evaporator
  • FIG. 12 shows a partially sectioned longitudinal section through the evaporator from FIG. 11,
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic side view of a still
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of another still
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic side view of a still
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of another still
  • Figure 15 is a schematic front view of the still of Figure 14 and
  • FIG. 16 shows an adjusting mechanism according to the invention of a still.
  • the still 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 has a vaporizer 30 and a condenser 110 in its housing 1a.
  • the still 1 stands at a 30 ° angle 21 with a foot 19 on a substrate 20.
  • the still 1 has a translucent
  • the still 1 has a
  • Housing top 23 is arranged.
  • raw water passes into a heat exchanger 50, wherein the heat exchanger 50 also simultaneously forms the condenser 110.
  • the raw water now rises from the lower first bypass 1 13 through the heat exchanger 50 and through the condenser 110 upwards to a second bypass 114.
  • the Rohwasscr passes to the drip device 22, the raw water continues on the sun's rays 111th facing surface of the evaporator 30 passes.
  • the evaporator 30 and the raw water running down over the surface thereof are heated by the heat energy of the solar rays 111, as a result of which a portion of the raw water evaporates and flows with an air flow 15 into the upper region 112 of the still 1.
  • the unevaporated part of the raw water flows out of the still 1 via the raw water outlet bore 27 and is collected elsewhere and optionally returned to the still.
  • the moisture-laden air stream 115 passes partly from the region 112 of the still 1 through a first gap 116 into the lower region of the still 1. Since the gap 116 experiences a cross-sectional enlargement from the upper area 112 to the front wall 4 of the still 1, the air flow 117 in the gap 116 slows down. As a result, the air flow 117 in particular passes over an upper side 18 of the condenser 110 much more slowly, with more humidity of the air flow 117 condensed at the top 118 of the condenser 1 10 than is the case with conventional stills.
  • a portion of the moisture-laden air stream 115 flows from the region 112 into a gap 119.
  • the gap 119 tapers over its course from the upper region 112 to the front side 4 of the still so that an air flow 121 is accelerated in this gap 1 19.
  • moisture of the air stream 121 condenses on an underside 120 of the condenser 110.
  • the slowed-down airflow 117 and the accelerated airflow 121 now meet in the region of the front side 4, as a result of which turbulences 122 of the two airflows 117 and 121 occur, in particular in this region.
  • This turbulence 122 acts on the moving masses of air 15, 17 and 121 in such a way that in most areas within the still there is a turbulent flow of air. This in turn has a positive effect on the evaporation processes and the condensation processes in the still.
  • the housing 1a of the still 1 comprises, in addition to the front wall 4, a sole 2, a rear wall 3 and two side walls 5 and 6.
  • the still 1 has a fresh water catchment 8 which is designed such that the collected fresh water reaches the fresh water outlet bore is directed.
  • Capacitor support surface 10 and 11 a Verdunsterholzlage Structure 12 and 13, a dropper pad surface 14 and 15 and in each case a support surface 16 and 17 for the light-permeable housing top side 23 (see Figure 1 and 3).
  • a Verdunsterholzlage Structure 12 and 13 a Verdunsterholzlage Structure 12 and 13
  • a dropper pad surface 14 and 15 in each case a support surface 16 and 17 for the light-permeable housing top side 23 (see Figure 1 and 3).
  • In the rear wall portion 3 of the still 1 toannas.
  • the still 1 In normal operation, the still 1 to the base 20 at an angle 21, which has approximately a degree of 30 °. As shown in each case a thin line, one recognizes the capacitor support surface 10 and the Verdunsterauflade configuration 12.
  • the transparent housing upper side 23 closes the housing Ia of the stills 1 gas-tight.
  • the Verdunsterauflage vom 12 and 13 are arranged parallel to the translucent housing top 23 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the condenser support surfaces 10 and 11 have an angle 25 to the evaporator support surfaces 12 and 13. Consequently, a condenser (see FIG. 1) inserted into the still 1 also has a corresponding angle to an evaporator 30 placed in the still 1 (see FIG. 1).
  • the front wall 4 also has in its central region a nose 29 on which the translucent housing top 23 is at least partially supported.
  • the nose 29 is a supporting function, in particular in normal operation in the oblique position of the stills 1.
  • the evaporator 30 consists of a deep-drawn profile 31.
  • the thermoforming profile 31 has a frame 32 and has a plurality of stair segments 33 to 41, wherein each stair segment 33 to 41 two legs 42, 43 (numbered here only by way of example).
  • the respective upper leg 43 of a stair segment 33 to 41 has a water drainage restriction 44, which is preferably arranged on the common edge of the two legs 42 and 43.
  • the water drainage restriction 44 has at least one point of the staircase segment 33 an overflow 45 in the form of a material recess.
  • the leg 43 has a lower length than the leg 42 with regard to its planar surface, so that the staircase segments 33 to 41 have sufficient space on at least one leg side in order to arrange a flow 46 there.
  • the staircase segments 33 to 41 are arranged such that two adjoining staircase segments 33 to 41 have arranged a flow 46 (numbered here only by way of example) on a respective opposite end face.
  • the stair segments 43, 35, 37, 39 and 41 of the thermoforming profile 31 have their flows 46 each disposed on the right side of the thermoforming profile 31 and the stair segments 34, 36, 38 and 40 have their flow rates on the left side of the thermoforming profile 31.
  • the deep-drawn profile 31, in particular the border 32 of the deep-drawing profile 31, has an inlet 47 in the upper area and an outlet 48 in the lower area,
  • the deep-drawing profile 31 is used as evaporator 30 in an operational distillation unit 1, the deep-drawing profile 31 has an angle 49 of about 30 ° relative to the support surface 20 of the still 1 (see FIG. 1).
  • the raw water If raw water is passed through the inlet 47 onto the surface of the deep-drawn profile 31, the raw water first wets the leg 43.
  • the water drain limiter 44 prevents the raw water from flowing directly via the leg 42 of the stair segment 33 to the next stair segment 43. Rather, the raw water accumulates at the water drainage restriction 44 on the leg 43 and flows predominantly via the overflow 45 and the flow 46 to the next stair segment 34th
  • the raw water is force-fed by the deep-drawn profile 31 according to the invention zigzagged over the individual stair segments 33 to 41, so that this results in a particularly advantageous evaporation of the raw water.
  • the deep-drawn profile 31 is preferably produced in a deep-drawing process, for example with a deep-drawing tool.
  • the thermoforming profile 31, according to the invention several components of the still 1 can be realized, such as, for example, the evaporator 30, the condenser 110, the heat exchanger 50 and the dripping device 22.
  • the heat exchanger 50 is composed of two deep-drawn profiles 31 and 31 a, which are placed on each other mirror images of each other.
  • thermoforming profiles 31 and 31a lie along a line 53 mirror images of each other. This results in the one area 54 a run for the
  • thermoforming profiles 31 and 31a allow the raw water to be forcibly passed through the heat exchanger 50.
  • the raw water in the heat exchanger 50 is heated particularly favorably and at the same time cools the condenser 110, since the condenser 110 implies the heat exchanger 50.
  • the condensation on the capacitor 110 is advantageously influenced.
  • the heat exchanger 50 is shown in a simplified plan view.
  • the stair member 60 shown in Figure 9 has two legs 61 and 62 which have an angle 60a to each other.
  • the leg 61 is shorter in a region 63 than the leg 62.
  • the two legs 61 and 62 have a water drainage restriction 65 which, in particular, at least partially delimits the surface of the leg 61.
  • the shorter leg 61 has two angled bends 66 and 67 which are angled to form a sort of step.
  • the stage has also been referred to as flow 46 (see FIG. 5) in the above description.
  • flow 46 see FIG. 5
  • the water passes from the surface of the staircase element 60 onto a further staircase segment 86 (see FIG. 10).
  • the staircase segment 68 of Figure 10 has almost the same structure as that However, the staircase segment 68 does not have a flow 69 in the region 63, but in a region 63 opposite the region 63.
  • An alternatively designed evaporator 80 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 has a multiplicity of stair segments 81, 82 (here only exemplarily numbered), the stair segment 81 having a flow 83 and the stair segment 82 having a flow 85.
  • stair segments 81, 82 supplied by an inlet 84 raw water flows through the surface of the stair segment 81 in the flow 83 and from there on the surface of the stair segment 82 in the flow 85, the raw water passes through this forced zigzag course along the entire evaporator 80 to not evaporated part of the raw water via the outlet 86 flows. So that the raw water can not escape at the end faces of the staircase segments 81, 82, the evaporator 80 has around a frame 87th
  • the evaporator 80 has on the staircase segment 82 an upper surface area 88. Beneath it on the right side of the surface segment 82 of the passage 83 is arranged.
  • a distillery 89 shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 has a water collecting tank 90 in its upper portion.
  • the water collecting container 90 includes, among other things, a float valve 91.
  • the feed of raw water from a supply line 92 is controlled such that the still water 89 is available at a preset pressure.
  • a rainwater corking device 93 is arranged on a housing upper side 94 of the still 89. With the rainwater stitching device 93 rainwater is collected in the direction of arrow 95 on the housing top 94 along running rainwater and directed by a fresh water drain line 96 in a remote collection container. Also in the lower portion of the housing top 94 is a Kondensatsammei sensible 98th arranged. However, this is located on the inside 97 of the housing top 94, ie within the still 89th
  • the outside of the housing top 94 located rainwater collection device 93 is arranged obliquely, so that in this embodiment, the rainwater runs to the right. At low precipitation, the rain water has only a low kinetic energy, so that it runs directly to the side of the still 89 in a gap 99 between the still 89 and a rainwater collection channel 100. If the rainwater in the area of the rainwater collection device 93 has a correspondingly high kinetic energy, for example due to increasing precipitation, it no longer runs directly on the body of the still due to the high kinetic energy, but sprays into the rainwater collection channel 100 and is conducted in a remote fresh water collection container ,
  • the still 89 has a housing top 94 that slopes to one side and that favors drainage towards the rainwater collection channel 100.
  • the switching device 101 shown in FIG. 16 has a non-return flap 102 and a non-return flap 103.
  • the two non-return flaps 102, 103 are activated by an adjusting mechanism 104. If the adjusting mechanism 104 is set to solar operation, the water flows in the direction of arrow 105 from the direction of the heat exchanger through the non-return flap 103, further in the direction of arrow 106 to a drip device 22 (see FIG. 1).
  • the adjusting mechanism 104 is set to external heating, the water in the direction of arrow 105 no longer flows through the non-return flap 103, since it is now closed. Rather, the water flows from the direction of arrow 105 in the direction of arrow 107.
  • the check valve 102 is open for hot water coming from the direction of arrow 108 coming.
  • the hot water from the direction of arrow 108 flows through the check valve 102 and continues to flow in the direction of arrow 106 in a still.
  • An external heating for example, in case of insufficient sunlight or during the Night useful, because even without solar energy fresh water can be obtained from raw water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de production d'eau douce composé d'un boîtier, d'un évaporateur et d'un condenseur, le condenseur étant placé de façon à former un angle avec l'évaporateur et/ou une face inférieure du boîtier.
PCT/EP2006/006628 2006-07-06 2006-07-06 Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil WO2008003342A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006345922A AU2006345922A1 (en) 2006-07-06 2006-07-06 Water-purifying device and method for production of such a device
EP06754686A EP2064154A1 (fr) 2006-07-06 2006-07-06 Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil
PCT/EP2006/006628 WO2008003342A1 (fr) 2006-07-06 2006-07-06 Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2006/006628 WO2008003342A1 (fr) 2006-07-06 2006-07-06 Appareil de purification d'eau et fabrication d'un tel appareil

Publications (1)

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WO2008003342A1 true WO2008003342A1 (fr) 2008-01-10

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AU (1) AU2006345922A1 (fr)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013128473A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Distillateur solaire à usage domestique amélioré permettant un fonctionnement et une maintenance faciles ainsi qu'un meilleur rendement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB928561A (en) * 1960-07-01 1963-06-12 Edgar Georg John Emil Fischer Improvements in or relating to distillation plants suitable for distilling sea-water
FR2429032A1 (fr) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif de distillation ou concentration d'une solution utilisant le pouvoir calorifique du rayonnement solaire
DE4321192A1 (de) 1993-06-25 1995-01-05 Walter Graef Apparat zum Destillieren von Wasser im Niedertemperaturbereich
FR2727957A1 (fr) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-14 Sejourne Pierre Dominique Capteur desalinisateur solaire
DE19923682A1 (de) 1999-05-22 2000-11-23 Herbert Kunze Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Süßwasser

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB928561A (en) * 1960-07-01 1963-06-12 Edgar Georg John Emil Fischer Improvements in or relating to distillation plants suitable for distilling sea-water
FR2429032A1 (fr) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif de distillation ou concentration d'une solution utilisant le pouvoir calorifique du rayonnement solaire
DE4321192A1 (de) 1993-06-25 1995-01-05 Walter Graef Apparat zum Destillieren von Wasser im Niedertemperaturbereich
FR2727957A1 (fr) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-14 Sejourne Pierre Dominique Capteur desalinisateur solaire
DE19923682A1 (de) 1999-05-22 2000-11-23 Herbert Kunze Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Süßwasser

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013128473A1 (fr) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Distillateur solaire à usage domestique amélioré permettant un fonctionnement et une maintenance faciles ainsi qu'un meilleur rendement
US9908790B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2018-03-06 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Household solar still with easy operation and maintenance and enhanced output

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2064154A1 (fr) 2009-06-03
AU2006345922A1 (en) 2008-01-10

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