WO2008001210A2 - Instrument et procédé d'arpentage - Google Patents

Instrument et procédé d'arpentage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008001210A2
WO2008001210A2 PCT/IB2007/001794 IB2007001794W WO2008001210A2 WO 2008001210 A2 WO2008001210 A2 WO 2008001210A2 IB 2007001794 W IB2007001794 W IB 2007001794W WO 2008001210 A2 WO2008001210 A2 WO 2008001210A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
point
head
fixed
unknown
relative
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/001794
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008001210A3 (fr
Inventor
Pierre De Hill
Original Assignee
Pierre De Hill
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pierre De Hill filed Critical Pierre De Hill
Publication of WO2008001210A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008001210A2/fr
Publication of WO2008001210A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008001210A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
    • G01C11/04—Interpretation of pictures
    • G01C11/30—Interpretation of pictures by triangulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a surveying instrument, particularly a surveying instrument for use by relatively unskilled surveyors, and to a method of using said instrument.
  • Surveying is a technique for accurately determining the terrestrial or three- dimensional space position of points and the distances and angles between them.
  • angles and distances between points have been measured by a variety of means. Angles are measured using a compass, a protractor and a pelorus. Distances were measured using steel chains. Today a theodolite which may be equipped with a tellurometer can be used to measure both the angle and distance to a point from another point and, relatively recently, use is made of satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS) to locate the terrestrial positions of points.
  • GPS satellite-based global positioning systems
  • a surveying instrument comprising a head which is securable to a tripod or other fixed support, the head being orientatable at a desired angle relative to the surface of the earth when so secured and the head having a number of sighting rods projecting therefrom, each rod having a fixed end which is attachable to the head and a free end opposite the fixed end, each free end providing, in use, a fixed point which enables a geometric parameter between said fixed point and an unknown point to be determined and, consequently, the accurate position of the unknown point relative to the fixed point and " head to be calculable.
  • the head to have at least three and preferably four or more sighting rods projecting therefrom and for the lengths of the sighting rods to be varied to suit a particular surveying application and location.
  • each sighting rod relative to the leveled head and, consequently, relative to the horizontal as defined by the surface of the earth, to be a known constant and for the distance from the free end of each sighting rod to the centre of the head to be known and, thus, using trilateration, alternatively triangulation techniques, for the position of a point relative to the centre of the head to be determinable accurately.
  • the sight is also provided for the sight to be a telescopic sight mounted on a pelorus table which is fixed or fixable to the free end of each sighting rod.
  • the sight is also provided for the sight to be a simple plumb bob depending from the free end of each sighting rod.
  • the sight is also provided for the sight to be a microwave, alternatively laser, distance measuring means which is securable to a free end of the sighting rods.
  • the invention extends to a method of determining the accurate position of an unknown terrestrial point relative to a fixed terrestrial point using the above- described surveying instrument, said method comprising the following steps:
  • the method includes orientating the head by leveling it thus rendering it parallel to the surface of the earth.
  • the head is orientated by angling it and having it at, for example, right angles to the surface of the earth.
  • the geometric parameter is an angle.
  • the geometric parameter is the distance from the free end of the sighting arm to the unknown point and for this distance to be measured by an accurate tape, preferably a steel alternatively a kevlar tape, alternatively a microwave or laser measuring device, further alternatively an optic range finder and still further alternatively an acoustic range finder.
  • Figure 1 is one embodiment of a surveying instrument according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a part sectional side view of a head for a surveying instrument according to the invention sharing alternate means for securing sighting rods to the head;
  • Figures 3 are respectively, first, second and third embodiments of a means 4 and 5 for measuring a geometric parameter secured to free ends of the sighting rods.
  • a surveying instrument (1) comprises a head (2) which is securable to a tripod (not shown) or another fixed support.
  • the head is securable to a tripod (not shown) or another fixed support.
  • the head (2) has four sighting rods (3) projecting therefrom. Each sighting rod
  • the head (2) is cast from a metal having a low thermal expansion coefficient such as aluminium or an invar alloy.
  • the head has a lower side (7) from which projects a screw threaded stud (8) which is screwed into a complementarily threaded stud (8) which is screwed into a complementarily threated bore in a leveling platform of a surveying tripod (not shown).
  • a clip arrangement can be used.
  • a circular spirit level (9) is provided in the upper side (10) of the head (2) to enable the head (2) to be leveled prior to surveying although a tubular spirit level can also be used.
  • sighting rods (3) are secured to the head (2) in any one of a number of different ways.
  • the right hand sighting rod (11) screws over a screw threaded stud (12) which projects from a side (13) of the head (2).
  • the left-hand sighting rod (14) terminates in a spigot (15) which slides into a bore (16) in the side (13) of the head.
  • a geometric parameter either the angle or the distance, from the reference point and from each free end (6) of the sighting rods (3) is measured and, using either triangulation or trilateration depending on the parameter measured, the position of the measured point is calculated accurately.
  • FIG. 3 the sight (6) is in the form of a circular pelorus plate (17) graduated in degrees, seconds and decimal fractures of seconds.
  • a telescopic sight (18) is rotatably connected to the centre of the pelorus (17) and the assembly is secured to the free end of the sighting rod (3).
  • the sight is zeroed and then moved onto the measured point by rotating a knurled knob (19). Once sighted the angle is read off through the vernier gauge (20) and this angle, together with angles obtained from the other sighting arms is used to determine the precise position of the measured point relative to the reference point by triangulation.
  • a plumb bob is suspended over a pulley (22) at the free end (5) of the sighting arm (3).
  • the distance from the plumb bob (21) to the measured point is then measured with an accurate steel ruler.
  • the distance together with the distance of the other sighting arms and from the head are used to determine the position of the measured point relative to the reference part by trilateration.
  • the above-described survey instrument will facilitate the surveying of restricted areas where there is no unimpeded access to the sky such as in dense forests and down mines and in the construction industry.
  • the actual measuring can be conducted by semi-skilled persons and a computer program can be used to complete the survey from sets of measurements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un instrument d'apentage pour déterminer la position précise d'un point terrestre inconnu relativement à un point terrestre fixe. Cet instrument comprend une tête qui peut se monter sur un trépied ou un autre support fixe, et qui est orientable selon l'angle désiré relativement à la surface de la terre. La tête comprend plusieurs tiges de visée s'avançant à l'extérieur, chaque tige comprenant une extrémité fixe pouvant se fixer sur la tête et une extérmité libre opposée à l'extrémité fixe. Chaque extrémité libre indique un point fixe connu, permettant ainsi de déterminer un paramètre géométrique entre ledit point fixe et un point inconnu à déterminer, et par conséquent de calculer la position précise du point inconnu relativement au point fixe et à la tête par trilatération.
PCT/IB2007/001794 2006-06-29 2007-06-29 Instrument et procédé d'arpentage WO2008001210A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200605369 2006-06-29
ZA2006/05369 2006-06-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008001210A2 true WO2008001210A2 (fr) 2008-01-03
WO2008001210A3 WO2008001210A3 (fr) 2008-06-05

Family

ID=38846033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2007/001794 WO2008001210A2 (fr) 2006-06-29 2007-06-29 Instrument et procédé d'arpentage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008001210A2 (fr)

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664760A (en) * 1948-02-23 1952-01-09 Gasaccumulator Svenska Ab Improvements in or relating to range finding surveying instruments
US3783524A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-01-08 Us Navy Underwater angle measuring device
FR2601765A1 (fr) * 1986-07-15 1988-01-22 Massoud Ahmed Appareil de releve de plans interieurs et exterieurs de batiments
JPH0324410A (ja) * 1989-06-21 1991-02-01 Fanuc Ltd 非接触距離測定器
US5027521A (en) * 1989-05-17 1991-07-02 Martin Del Giorgio Surveying apparatus
US5477459A (en) * 1992-03-06 1995-12-19 Clegg; Philip M. Real time three-dimensional machine locating system
DE19755324A1 (de) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-17 Michael Dipl Ing Sartori Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Fahrzeugs
JP2000088518A (ja) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-31 Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd ファイバスコープ型の距離測量装置
EP1262909A2 (fr) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-04 Smart Technologies Inc. Calcul des décalages des caméras pour faciliter la détermination de la position d'objets par triangulation
US6590834B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2003-07-08 Robert R. Highfill Local positioning system using acoustic time-of-flight and a fixed array of receivers and method for use
US6782123B1 (en) * 1997-02-17 2004-08-24 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Method and device for mapping radiation sources

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB664760A (en) * 1948-02-23 1952-01-09 Gasaccumulator Svenska Ab Improvements in or relating to range finding surveying instruments
US3783524A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-01-08 Us Navy Underwater angle measuring device
FR2601765A1 (fr) * 1986-07-15 1988-01-22 Massoud Ahmed Appareil de releve de plans interieurs et exterieurs de batiments
US5027521A (en) * 1989-05-17 1991-07-02 Martin Del Giorgio Surveying apparatus
JPH0324410A (ja) * 1989-06-21 1991-02-01 Fanuc Ltd 非接触距離測定器
US5477459A (en) * 1992-03-06 1995-12-19 Clegg; Philip M. Real time three-dimensional machine locating system
US6782123B1 (en) * 1997-02-17 2004-08-24 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Method and device for mapping radiation sources
DE19755324A1 (de) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-17 Michael Dipl Ing Sartori Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Fahrzeugs
US6590834B1 (en) * 1998-07-24 2003-07-08 Robert R. Highfill Local positioning system using acoustic time-of-flight and a fixed array of receivers and method for use
JP2000088518A (ja) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-31 Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd ファイバスコープ型の距離測量装置
EP1262909A2 (fr) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-04 Smart Technologies Inc. Calcul des décalages des caméras pour faciliter la détermination de la position d'objets par triangulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008001210A3 (fr) 2008-06-05

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