WO2007134536A1 - Dispositif utilisant l'énergie solaire, à rendement élevé - Google Patents

Dispositif utilisant l'énergie solaire, à rendement élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007134536A1
WO2007134536A1 PCT/CN2007/001647 CN2007001647W WO2007134536A1 WO 2007134536 A1 WO2007134536 A1 WO 2007134536A1 CN 2007001647 W CN2007001647 W CN 2007001647W WO 2007134536 A1 WO2007134536 A1 WO 2007134536A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
reflector
solar energy
concentrator
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/001647
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qiu Xia
Original Assignee
Qiu Xia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qiu Xia filed Critical Qiu Xia
Publication of WO2007134536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007134536A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/12—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a solar energy utilization device, in particular to a high performance solar energy device.
  • the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module and the efficiency of the conversion material are closely related to the number of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the condition for satisfying the high injection carrier is to increase the light intensity; the increase of the illumination intensity inevitably generates a large amount of heat, and the high heat will The solar cell conversion efficiency is reduced, and even the solar cell is damaged; the use of a single concentrator requires high concentrating accuracy, which leads to a substantial increase in manufacturing costs; high-power solar power devices generally have to be fixedly mounted, not in-vehicle or portable.
  • the use environment is limited; at present, solar water heaters are basically medium and low temperature type, and are not applicable in winter or in cold regions; the solar cookers currently used are basically open-air use, that is, inconvenient and unhygienic, and inconvenient to operate; The sunlight lighting device does not reach the illumination required for normal lighting due to lighting.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing solar energy application equipment, and to design and manufacture a high-performance solar energy device which is simple in structure and low in cost and meets solar energy generation, heat energy and light energy.
  • a high performance solar device comprising a concentrator fixedly mounted on a support, a lens concentrating system and a reflector.
  • the concentrator, the lens concentrating system and the reflector generally have the same optical axis, the lens concentrating system is disposed at an upper portion of the concentrator, and the reflector is disposed at an upper portion of the lens concentrating system.
  • a solar energy conversion device is disposed along the optical axis direction. The mutual position of the concentrator, the reflector, and the lens concentrating system is as long as the sunlight projected onto the concentrator passes through the concentrator, the reflector, the lens concentrating system, and the like, and is concentrated on the solar energy conversion device.
  • the reflector and the lens concentrating system preferably match each other in size and the manner in which the reflector is used. When a reflector having a large concentrating function is used, it is preferable that the lens concentrating system is small; When only a reflector having a reflective function is used, it is preferable that the lens concentrating system is relatively large. Whether the reflector is large or the lens concentrating system is large, the maximum cross-sectional area perpendicular to the optical axis is preferably equal to or greater than the spot area reflected by the concentrator.
  • the area of the spot reflected onto the lens concentrating system after the reflector (after convergence) is preferably equal to or smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lens lens that is the first to receive the reflector (after convergence) of the lens concentrating system perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the concentrator can be made in any manner, form, geometry, material, as long as the light illuminating it can be concentrated and reflected above the optical axis.
  • the reflector can be made in any manner, form, geometry, material, as long as it can reflect the light that is incident on it onto the lens concentrating system.
  • the lens concentrating system consists of a single lens or a multi-faceted lens.
  • the type of lens is not limited, as long as the entire system has a concentrating function, and the light irradiated thereon is condensed and transmitted to the solar energy conversion device disposed below it.
  • the area of the spot condensed by the lens concentrating system is preferably equal to or less than the cross-sectional area of the port of the solar energy conversion device perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the lens concentrating system can be made into a closed type, and the inside thereof can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas, and a dehumidifying material can also be added.
  • the solar energy conversion device is a solar cell module, a heat pipe, an optical fiber, a liquid circulation heat transfer system, etc., and uses these devices to generate electric energy, heat energy or light energy to meet different usage requirements, and can be formed into various combinations or forms.
  • a filter or a spectroscopic system can be provided as needed to improve the full spectrum utilization of solar energy.
  • a filter can be provided to reduce the heat generated by the concentrating Amount that reduces the effect of heat on the performance of a solar module or fiber.
  • heat pipes can be arranged to collect heat energy, and the heat generating area can be made into a closed type for heat energy collection.
  • the filter can be set at any position as long as it meets the requirements for use.
  • the spectroscopic system may be a single beam splitter, or may be composed of a spectroscope and other optical components, and may be disposed at any position as long as the requirements are met:
  • the spot area of the light emitted by the spectroscopic system is preferably equal to or smaller than the receiving end directly irradiated.
  • the spectroscopic system When the spectroscopic system is disposed between the reflector and the lens concentrating system, the number of types of light is emitted according to the spectroscopic system that needs to be converted, and a plurality of lens concentrating systems are arranged along the optical axis of the genre, and the concentrating system is arranged in each lens. At the light-emitting end, different solar energy conversion devices are respectively disposed along the optical axis direction of the lens collecting system. If a spectroscopic system is provided at a certain position in the lens concentrating system, the number and position of the lens concentrating subsystem settings at the rear of the spectroscopic system should be determined in accordance with the above method and properly coupled with the solar energy conversion device.
  • the heat pipe can be a flexible or rigid heat pipe.
  • any mechanical motion mechanism can be used to connect a plurality of heat pipes to form a heat pipe motion heat transfer system, which solves the problem that the rigid heat pipe cannot move with the sun tracking system when directly connected with other devices, as long as the The motion mechanism does not affect or slightly affect the heat transfer effect of the heat pipe system.
  • various energy conversion devices for solar energy can be installed to control the conversion amount, so that the conversion amount is compatible with the load and the energy storage device.
  • the adjusting device can be shielded, evaded, and the like in any form or manner as long as the adjustment can be achieved.
  • the conversion amount adjusting device can be made by using the characteristics of the filter or the spectroscopic system.
  • Windproof devices, lightning protection devices, satellite receiving devices, and star-seeking devices can be provided as needed. Achieve a multi-purpose.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that: because the device is concentrated, reflected, and refracted to achieve high concentration, the solar energy is fully utilized, and the precision of the concentrator is not required to be high, and the concentrator, the reflector, and the like can be installed by any material.
  • the light reflection layer can be manufactured to greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the solar energy conversion can be adjusted freely as needed.
  • the device can be made into a portable and movable carrier carrying type such as folding, which is convenient for use, maintenance and replacement, and can be used for a multi-purpose.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a large reflector power generation and heat collecting device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a large reflector heat collecting device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a large reflector concentrating illumination and heat collecting device of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a large lens concentrating system for generating electricity and collecting heat
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a heat collecting device for a large lens concentrating system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a concentrated lens collecting and collecting device for a large lens concentrating system of the present invention.
  • the utility model relates to a high performance solar energy device comprising a concentrator 1 and a lens concentrating system 3 And reflector 11 and solar energy conversion equipment.
  • the solar energy conversion equipment is a solar battery module 7, a heat pipe 8, an optical fiber 14, a liquid circulation heat transfer system, etc., and can be formed into various combinations or forms to meet different usage requirements.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is a large reflector power generating and heat collecting device.
  • the concentrator 1 has a paraboloid shape and is mounted on the bracket 4 , and the bracket 4 is fixed on the base 5 .
  • the shape of the reflector 11 is also a paraboloid and is disposed at the top end of the reflector holder 6.
  • the concentrator 1 converges and reflects the sunlight onto the reflector 11 above it, the concentrator 1 and the reflector 11 have the same optical axis 2; below the reflector 11, a lens concentrating system 3 is provided, and the reflector 11 will The concentrated sunlight is reflected on the lens collecting system 3, and the lens collecting system 3 and the reflector 11 are also located on the same optical axis 2; the concentrated beam concentrated by the lens collecting system 3 is irradiated under the lens collecting system 3 Also located on the solar cell module 7 disposed perpendicular to the optical axis 2, by adjusting the mutual distance between the concentrator 1, the reflector 11, the lens concentrating system 3, and the solar cell module 7, the optimum concentrating effect is achieved. And make the system compact.
  • the spot area where the concentrator 1 converges is preferably equal to or smaller than the mirror area of the reflector 11; the distance between the reflector 11 and the lens concentrating system 3 should be such that the reflective spot of the reflector 11 is completely irradiated to the lens concentrating system 3
  • the spot area is equal to or smaller than the central cross-sectional area of the uppermost light receiving end face of the lens concentrating system 3 perpendicular to the optical axis 2; the distance between the lens concentrating system 3 and the solar cell module 7 is a lens concentrating system
  • the converging high-concentration beam is uniformly irradiated on the solar cell module 7, that is, the area of the concentrated beam spot condensed by the lens concentrating system 3 is equal to the area of the solar cell module 7.
  • the solar cell module 7 may be a single piece or a plurality of pieces of solar cells stacked together in a packaged assembly.
  • one or more heat pipes 8 may be disposed between the lens concentrating system 3 and the solar cell module 7, and a heat transfer plate 12 and a bottom may be disposed on the bottom surface of the solar cell module 7.
  • the other end of the heat pipe 8 is connected to the water tank 9, which can transfer the heat generated by the high concentrated sunlight to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation, and can generate high temperature hot water.
  • the water tank 9 can be used as a component body, suitable for winter or alpine regions. Get warm and get hot water for life.
  • the heat generated by a plurality of such single-unit solar photovoltaic power generation devices can be collected on one or several steam power generation devices to form a solar thermal steam generator, so that the solar energy can be more fully utilized and can be greatly Reduce the total cost of solar power.
  • a filter 10 may be disposed between the lens concentrating system 3 and the solar cell module 7, and the filter 10 may filter out the generation of carriers and only generate Hot light.
  • one or more heat pipes 8 can be disposed in the heat generating area to transfer heat away, and the heat generating area can be made into a closed system for heat collection.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the large reflector heat collecting device of the present invention.
  • the heat pipe 8 is placed along the optical axis 2.
  • the high-concentration light beam condensed by the sunlight through the concentrator 1, the reflector 11 and the lens concentrating system 3 is irradiated on the heat pipe 8, and the other end of the heat pipe 8 is connected to the water tank or the steam power generating device 9, which can converge the high-concentration sunlight.
  • the generated heat is transmitted away, producing high-temperature domestic hot water or used for heat steam to generate solar energy stoves.
  • the exit spot area of the lens collecting system 3 is preferably equal to or smaller than the end face sectional area of the heat pipe 8 perpendicular to the optical axis 2.
  • the filter 10 that blocks the heat generating sunlight can be used as a thermal energy conversion amount adjusting device, and the shielding light 10 is shielded from the light receiving surface of the heat pipe 8 to achieve the purpose of regulating the heat generation.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a concentrated reflector concentrating illumination and heat collecting device of the present invention.
  • the light beam concentrated by the concentrator 1, the reflector 11 and the lens concentrating system 3 is irradiated onto the optical fiber 14 and introduced into the illumination lamp 16 of the illumination space 15 through the optical fiber 14, so that a strong illumination light can be obtained.
  • the use efficiency of sunlight can be maximized in terms of single lighting use requirements.
  • a beam splitting system 10 and one or more heat pipes 8 may be disposed between the optical fiber 14 and the lens collecting system 3.
  • the spectroscopic system 10 divides the light waves into visible light, infrared light, etc., and propagates along different optical paths.
  • the optical fiber 14 and the heat pipe 8 are respectively disposed along the optical axis of visible light and infrared light, and the solar light is separately utilized and fully utilized.
  • FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, respectively, in that the concentrator 1 converges and reflects sunlight onto the lens concentrating system 3 above it, and gathers
  • the spot area of the illuminator 1 is preferably equal to or smaller than the central cross-sectional area of the uppermost lens of the lens concentrating system 3 perpendicular to the optical axis 2; the reflector 11 may be a plane mirror or may be attached to the lens concentrating system 3 A reflective film on the upper surface of the upper lens serves as a reflector.
  • a solar cell module 7 can be disposed at the top end of the reflector 11 to provide the electrical energy required by the device.
  • a solar cell module 7 can also be provided at the top end of the reflector 11 to provide the electrical energy required by the device. It is also possible to provide solar cell modules 7 on the respective concentrators 1 to provide the electric power required for each device itself.
  • the utility model relates to a high-performance solar energy device, which can fix the solar energy conversion device along the optical axis movement track on the base 5 below the rear portion of the concentrator 1; the solar energy conversion device can also be arranged in the sun
  • the light tracker is used for horizontally moving the bracket, or the solar energy conversion device is fixedly disposed on the base 5, and the bracket 4 is formed in a horizontal rotation centering on the solar energy conversion device, and the concentrator 1 and the above only follow the sunlight.
  • the tracking system moves up and down. In the above manner, the solar energy conversion device is disposed along the optical axis 2 of the lens concentrating system 3 to move up and down.
  • a hole is formed on the concentrator with the optical axis of the lens concentrating system 3 extending toward the concentrator, and the area of the hole is equal to or larger than that condensed by the lens concentrating system.
  • the area of the spot causes the light energy to be projected onto the solar energy conversion device.
  • Others are the same as the embodiments of Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
  • a high performance solar device according to the present invention may be provided with a filter or a spectroscopic system 10.
  • the filter 10 can be provided to reduce the amount of heat generated by the condensing, and the influence of heat on the performance of the solar cell module 7 or the optical fiber 14 can be reduced.
  • the heat pipe 8 can be arranged to collect heat energy, and the heat generating region can be made into a closed type to facilitate the collection of heat energy, and the inside thereof can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas, or a dehumidifying material can be added. .
  • the filter 10 can be placed at any position as long as the usage requirements are met.
  • the spectroscopic system 10 may be a single beam splitter, or may be composed of a spectroscope and other optical components, and may be disposed at any position as long as the requirements for use are satisfied:
  • the spot area of the light emitted by the spectroscopic system 10 is preferably equal to or less than that directly irradiated.
  • the receiving end is perpendicular to the port cross-sectional area of the exiting optical axis.
  • the solar energy conversion device should be disposed along the optical axis direction of the type light according to the type of the received light wave.
  • the spectroscopic system 10 is disposed between the reflector 11 and the lens concentrating system 3, the number of types of light is emitted according to the spectroscopic system to be converted, and a plurality of lens concentrating systems 3 are disposed along the direction of the optical axis of the genre, in each lens.
  • the concentrating system 3 emits light ends, and different solar energy conversion devices are respectively disposed along the optical axis direction of the lens concentrating system 3.
  • the number and position of the lens concentrating subsystems disposed at the rear of the spectroscopic system 10 should be determined in accordance with the above-described manner, and properly coupled with the solar energy conversion apparatus.
  • a high performance solar device can replace a heat pipe with a liquid circulation heat transfer system.
  • Fans, heat pipes and radiators can be used to transfer heat to the atmosphere when heat recovery is not required.
  • Filters or spectroscopic systems can also be used to transmit the heat generated directly back to the atmosphere.
  • the high-performance solar device of the present invention can be provided with various energy conversion devices for solar energy, and the conversion amount is controlled to adapt the conversion amount to the load and the energy storage device.
  • the adjusting device can be shielded, circumvented, and the like in any form and manner as long as the use requirements can be met.
  • the adjustment device can be made in any manner, form, shape, material, control mechanism.
  • the conversion amount adjusting device can be made by using the characteristics of the filter or the spectroscopic system.
  • the utility model relates to a high-performance solar device, wherein the concentrator 1 and the reflector 11 can be made by any means, form, geometry and material, as long as the light irradiated thereon can be reflected to the lens concentrating system.
  • the lens concentrating system 3 is composed of a single lens or a multi-faceted lens, and the types of lenses are not limited. As long as you can achieve the desired concentrating effect.
  • the high-performance solar device of the present invention is provided with a solar tracking system 4, which can keep the device always facing the sun and achieve the best concentration effect.
  • the device can adjust the concentration of the solar cell by several hundred times or more, so under the same conditions, the amount of the solar cell module can be greatly reduced, and the conversion efficiency of the existing solar cell can be greatly improved. Since the device is highly concentrated and reflected to achieve high concentration, the accuracy of a single concentrator does not need to be high, thus greatly reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • a high-performance solar device is provided with a charging device, an energy storage device, an inverter, a voltage stabilizing device, a frequency stabilization device, and the like, and is connected to various electric appliances, heat utilization devices, light-transmitting bodies, and the like. Windproof devices, lightning protection devices, etc. can be provided as needed. Satellite homing and satellite signal receiving devices can be set up for multi-purpose use.
  • the high-performance solar device of the present invention can efficiently use the solar light projected onto the concentrator 1 to the solar energy conversion device, so that the solar energy can be most effectively utilized to meet the use requirements.
  • Various devices, devices, and devices are arbitrarily combined into various forms of high-performance solar devices.

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Description

一种高性能太阳能装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种太阳能利用设备， 具体涉及一种高性能太阳能 装置。
背景技术
太阳能电池组件的光电转换效率和转换材料的效率与光生载流子的 多少密切相关， 因此， 要满足高注入载流子的条件是提高光照强度； 光 照强度提高必然产生大量的热， 而高热将使太阳能电池转换效率下降， 甚至损坏太阳能电池； 采用单一聚光器， 需要很高的聚光精度， 带来制 造成本大幅度增加； 大功率太阳能发电装置一般都必须固定安装， 不能 车载或便携， 限制了使用环境； 目前， 太阳能热水器基本上是中、 低温 型， 冬天或者在高寒地区不适用； 目前使用的太阳能灶基本上是露天使 用， 即不方便也不卫生， 并且不便于操作； 现在应用的太阳光照明装置, 由于采光原因达不到正常照明所要求的照度。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是克服现有太阳能应用设备的不足， 设计制造一 种结构简单、 成本低廉的满足太阳能产生电能、 热能、 光能的高性能太 阳能装置。
上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的： 一种高性能太阳能装置,包括 固定安装在支架上的聚光器、 透镜聚光系统和反射器。 所述聚光器、 透 镜聚光系统和反射器一般具有同一光轴， 透镜聚光系统设置于聚光器上 部， 反射器设置于透镜聚光系统上部。 在透镜聚光系统的下方， 沿所述 光轴方向设置有太阳能转换设备。 聚光器、 反射器、 透镜聚光系统的相互位置为只要将投射至聚光器 上的太阳光经过聚光器、 反射器、 透镜聚光系统等组成的整个装置， 会 聚到太阳能转换设备上， 并最大限度地减少传输损失， 并使整体结构紧 凑。 反射器与透镜聚光系统在大小、 反射器采用的方式上最好相互匹配 即： 采用较大并具有聚光功能的反射器时， 最好透镜聚光系统较小； 若 采用较小的、 仅具有反射功能的反射器时， 最好透镜聚光系统比较大。 无论是反射器大还是透镜聚光系统大， 其垂直于光轴的最大截面积最好 等于或大于经聚光器会聚反射的光斑面积。 反射器 （会聚后） 反射至透 镜聚光系统上的光斑面积最好等于或小于透镜聚光系统最先接受反射器 (会聚后） 反射光的透镜镜口垂直于光轴的截面积。
聚光器可采用任何方式、 形式、 几何形状、 材料制成， 只要能将照 射其上的光沿光轴会聚反射到其上方即可。
反射器可采用任何方式、 形式、 几何形状、 材料制成， 只要能将照 射其上的光反射到透镜聚光系统上即可。
透镜聚光系统由单一透镜或多面透镜组成， 透镜种类不限， 只要整 个系统具有聚光功能， 并将照射其上的光会聚后传至设置在其下方的太 阳能转换设备上即可。 经过透镜聚光系统会聚的光斑面积， 最好等于或 小于太阳能转换设备垂直于光轴的端口截面积。 透镜聚光系统可作成封 闭型式， 其内部可抽成真空或充入惰性气体， 也可加入除湿材料。
所述太阳能转换设备为太阳能电池组件、 热管、 光纤、 液体循环传 热系统等， 使用这些器件产生电能、 热能或光能， 以满足不同的使用要 求， 并可形成多种组合方式或形式。
根据需要可设置滤光镜或分光系统提高太阳能全光谱利用效果。 在 有太阳能电池组件或光纤的装置中， 可设置滤光镜降低聚光所产生的热 量， 可降低热量对太阳能电池组件或光纤性能的影响。 在使用滤光镜而 产生热量的区域可设置热管收集热能， 产生热量的区域可作成封闭型式， 以利热能的收集。 滤光镜可设置在任意位置， 只要满足使用要求即可。
分光系统可以是单一分光镜， 也可是由分光镜与其它光学器件共同 组成， 并可设置在任意位置， 只要满足使用要求： 分光系统出射光的光 斑面积最好等于或小于被直接照射的接收端垂直于出射光光轴的端口截 面积。 当分光系统出射的种类光直接投射到太阳能转换设备上时， 太阳 能转换设备应分别按照接收光波的种类， 沿种类光的光轴方向设置。 当 分光系统设置在反射器与透镜聚光系统之间时， 则按照需要转换的分光 系统出射种类光的数量， 并沿种类光光轴方向设置若干透镜聚光系统， 在各透镜聚光系统出射光端， 沿透镜聚光系统光轴方向分别设置不同的 太阳能转换设备。 若在透镜聚光系统中的某一位置设置分光系统， 则应 参照上述方式确定处于分光系统后部的透镜聚光分系统设置的数量和位 置， 并与太阳能转换设备适当衔接。
热管可采用柔性或刚性热管。 当采用刚性热管时， 可采用任何机械 运动机构， 将若干根热管连接起来， 做成热管运动传热系统， 解决刚性 热管在与其它设备直接连接时， 不能随太阳跟踪系统运动的问题， 只要 该运动机构不影响或很少影响热管系统的传热效果即可。
根据需要可设置有太阳能各种能量形式转换量调节装置， 控制转换 量， 使转换量与负载、 储能装置相适应。 调节装置可采用遮蔽、 规避等 任何形式、 方式， 只要能达到调节的目的即可。 可利用滤光镜或分光系 统的特性制做成转换量调节装置。
可通过加装平衡、 稳定、 防震动装置， 做成运动载体承载式。
根据需要可设置防风装置、 避雷装置、 卫星接收装置、 寻星装置， 达到一物多用。
本实用新型的有益效果是： 由于本装置经过会聚、 反射、 折射达到 高聚光度， 太阳能利用充分， 且聚光器的精度不需要很高， 聚光器、 反 射器等可采用任何材料加装光反射层制作， 可以大幅度降低制造成本。 可按照需要自由调节太阳能转换量。 本装置可做成折叠等便携式、 运动 载体承载式等多种形式， 达到使用、 检修、 更换方便， 并可达到一物多 用。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。
图 1为本实用新型大反射器发电、 集热装置实施例结构示意图； 图 2为本实用新型大反射器集热装置实施例结构示意图；
图 3为本实用新型大反射器聚光照明、集热装置实施例结构示意图； 图 4为本实用新型大透镜聚光系统发电、 集热装置实施例结构示意 图；
图 5为本实用新型大透镜聚光系统集热装置实施例结构示意图； 图 6为本实用新型大透镜聚光系统聚光照明、 集热装置实施例结构 示意图。
图中： 1.聚光器 2.光轴 3.透镜聚光系统 4.支架及太阳光跟踪 器 5.基座 6.支架 7.太阳能电池组件 8.热管 9.水箱或蒸汽发电 装置 10.滤光镜或分光系统 11.反射器 12传热板 13.支架 14.光 纤 15.被照明空间 16.照明灯。
具体实施方式
本实用新型一种高性能太阳能装置包括有聚光器 1、透镜聚光系统 3 和反射器 11及太阳能转换设备等。
太阳能转换设备为太阳能电池组件 7、 热管 8、 光纤 14及液体循环 传热系统等， 并可形成多种组合方式或形式， 以满足不同的使用要求。
如图 1所示为本实用新型大反射器发电、集热装置实施例，聚光器 1 的形状为抛物面， 安装在支架 4上， 支架 4固定在基座 5上。 反射器 11 的形状也为抛物面， 设置在反射器支架 6的顶端。 聚光器 1将太阳光会 聚、反射至其上方的反射器 11上，聚光器 1和反射器 11具有同一光轴 2; 在反射器 11下方设置有透镜聚光系统 3，反射器 11将会聚的太阳光反射 到透镜聚光系统 3上，透镜聚光系统 3与反射器 11也位于同一光轴 2上; 由透镜聚光系统 3会聚后的高聚光束照射在透镜聚光系统 3下方的也位 于垂直于光轴 2设置的太阳能电池组件 7上，通过调整聚光器 1、反射器 11、 透镜聚光系统 3和太阳能电池组件 7之间的相互距离， 达到最佳聚 光效果， 并使本系统结构紧凑。
聚光器 1会聚的光斑面积最好等于或小于反射器 11的镜口面积； 反 射器 11与透镜聚光系统 3之间的距离应当是反射器 11的反光光斑完全 照射到透镜聚光系统 3上， 即光斑面积等于或小于透镜聚光系统 3最上 部受光端面垂直于光轴 2的中心截面积为最佳； 透镜聚光系统 3与太阳 能电池组件 7之间的距离为经透镜聚光系统 3会聚的高聚光束， 均匀照 射在太阳能电池组件 7上， 即经透镜聚光系统 3会聚的高聚光束光斑面 积等于太阳能电池组件 7的面积为最佳。
太阳能电池组件 7可采用单片， 也可以是数片太阳能电池片层叠在 一起经过封装的组件。
如图 1所示， 在透镜聚光系统 3和太阳能电池组件 7之间可设置一 根及以上热管 8， 在太阳能电池组件 7底面可设置有传热板 12和一根及 以上热管 8。所述热管 8的另一端与水箱 9相连，可将高会聚太阳光产生 的热量传走， 达到散热的目的， 并可产生高温热水， 该水箱 9可做成分 体式， 适用于冬季或高寒地区取暖， 获取生活用热水。 对于大型太阳能 发电场， 可将多个这样的单体太阳能光电发电装置产生的热汇集在一个 或数个蒸汽发电装置上， 形成太阳能热蒸汽发电机， 使太阳能得到更充 分的利用， 并可大大降低太阳能发电的总成本。
为了提高光电转换效率， 同时降低太阳能电池组件表面的温度， 可 在透镜聚光系统 3和太阳能电池组件 7之间设置滤光镜 10，滤光镜 10可 滤除不能产生载流子而只产生热的光。 在此种情况下， 可在产生热量的 区域设置一根及以上热管 8将热量传走利用， 可将产生热量的区域做成 封闭系统， 以利热量的收集。
图 2所示为本实用新型大反射器集热装置实施例。 热管 8沿光轴 2 设置。 太阳光经聚光器 1、 反射器 11和透镜聚光系统 3聚光后的高聚光 束照射在热管 8上， 热管 8的另一端与水箱或蒸汽发电装置 9相连， 可 将高会聚太阳光产生的热量传走， 产生高温生活热水或用于热蒸汽发电 太阳能灶等。 在此种情况下， 透镜聚光系统 3的出射光斑面积最好等于 或小于热管 8垂直于光轴 2的端面截面积。 可使用阻隔产热太阳光的滤 光镜 10作为热能转换量调节装置， 采用调节滤光镜 10对热管 8受光面 的遮挡量， 达到调节产热量的目的。
图 3所示为本实用新型大反射器聚光照明、 集热装置实施例。 将本 装置经聚光器 1、 反射器 11和透镜聚光系统 3会聚的光束照射在光纤 14 上， 通过光纤 14引入被照明空间 15的照明灯 16上， 可获得很强的照明 光线， 就单一照明使用要求而言， 可将太阳光的利用效率达到最高。 实 际使用中， 还可以用导热快的材料制成太阳能光灶， 将光纤 14的另一端 直接与太阳能光灶相连。在光纤 14与透镜聚光系统 3之间可设置分光系 统 10和一根及以上热管 8。 分光系统 10将光波分为可见光、 红外光等， 并沿不同的光路传播。光纤 14和热管 8分别沿可见光和红外光等的光轴 设置， 达到太阳光的分别、 充分利用。
图 4、 图 5、 图 6所示实施例分别与图 1、 图 2、 图 3实施例不同的 是:聚光器 1将太阳光会聚、 反射至其上方的透镜聚光系统 3上， 聚光器 1会聚的光斑面积最好等于或小于透镜聚光系统 3最上部透镜垂直于光轴 2的中心截面积； 反射器 11可为平面反射镜， 也可以为附着在透镜聚光 系统 3最上部透镜上表面的一个反光膜作为反射器。
如图 2、 图 3、 图 5、 图 6实施例所示， 在反射器 11的顶端可设置太 阳能电池组件 7，可提供本装置需要的电能。 在图 1、 图 4的实施例中， 也可在反射器 11的顶端设置太阳能电池组件 7，提供本装置需要的电能。 也可在各聚光器 1上设置太阳能电池组件 7， 提供各装置本身需要的电 能。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置， 可将太阳能转换设备沿 光轴运动轨迹固定设置在聚光器 1后部下方的基座 5上； 也可将太阳能 转换设备设置在一个随太阳光跟踪器作水平运动的支架上， 或将太阳能 转换设备固定设置在基座 5上， 而将支架 4作成以太阳能转换设备为中 心水平转动的形式， 聚光器 1及以上部分仅随太阳光跟踪系统作上下运 动， 在以上方式中， 太阳能转换设备沿透镜聚光系统 3的光轴 2上下运 动轨迹设置。 在采用以上各种方式时， 以透镜聚光系统 3 的光轴延长到 达聚光器上的点为中心， 在聚光器上幵一个孔， 孔的面积等于或大于经 过透镜聚光系统会聚的光斑的面积， 使光能投射到太阳能转换设备上。 其它分别与图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4、 图 5、 图 6实施例相同。 本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置， 可设置滤光镜或分光系 统 10。 在有太阳能电池组件 7或光纤 14的装置中， 可设置滤光镜 10降 低聚光所产生的热量， 可降低热量对太阳能电池组件 7或光纤 14性能的 影响。在使用滤光镜 10而产生热量的区域可设置热管 8收集热能， 产生 热量的区域可作成封闭型式， 以利热能的收集， 其内部可抽成真空或充 入惰性气体， 也可加入除湿材料。 滤光镜 10可设置在任意位置， 只要满 足使用要求即可。 分光系统 10可以是单一分光镜， 也可是由分光镜与其 它光学器件共同组成， 并可设置在任意位置， 只要满足使用要求： 分光 系统 10出射光的光斑面积最好等于或小于被直接照射的接收端垂直于出 射光光轴的端口截面积。 当分光系统 10出射的种类光直接投射到太阳能 转换设备上时， 太阳能转换设备应分别按照接收光波的种类， 沿种类光 的光轴方向设置。 当分光系统 10设置在反射器 11与透镜聚光系统 3之 间时， 则按照需要转换的分光系统出射种类光的数量， 并沿种类光光轴 方向设置若干透镜聚光系统 3，在各透镜聚光系统 3出射光端，沿透镜聚 光系统 3光轴方向分别设置不同的太阳能转换设备。若在透镜聚光系统 3 中的某一位置设置分光系统 10， 则应参照上述方式确定处于分光系统 10 后部的透镜聚光分系统设置的数量和位置， 并与太阳能转换设备适当衔 接。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置可用液体循环传热系统代 替热管传热。 在不需要回收热能的情况时， 可采用风扇、 热管加散热器 的方式将热量传入大气； 也可采用滤光镜或分光系统将产热光直接传回 大气中。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置可设置有太阳能各种能量 形式转换量调节装置， 控制转换量， 使转换量与负载、 储能装置相适应。 调节装置可采用遮蔽、 规避等任何形式、 方式， 只要能达到使用要求即 可。 调节装置可用任何方式、 形式、 形状、 材料、 控制机制制作。 可利 用滤光镜或分光系统的特性制做成转换量调节装置。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置， 其聚光器 1、 反射器 11 可采用任何方式、 形式、 几何形状、 材料制成， 只要能将照射其上的光 反射到透镜聚光系统上即可； 透镜聚光系统 3 由单一透镜或多面透镜组 成， 透镜种类不限。 只要能达到所需聚光效果即可。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置设置有太阳跟踪系统 4，可 以保持本装置始终朝向太阳， 达到聚光效果最佳。 本装置可调节聚光度 达数百倍以上， 因此在同等条件下， 可大幅度减少太阳能电池组件的用 量， 同时可极大提高现有太阳能电池转换效率。 由于本装置经过多次会 聚、 反射达到高聚光度， 单个聚光器的精度不需要很高， 因此大幅度降 低了制造成本。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置设置有充电装置、 蓄能装 置、 逆变器、 稳压装置、 稳频装置等， 并与各种电器、 热利用装置、 传 光体等连接。 根据需要可设置防风装置、 避雷装置等。 可设置卫星寻星、 卫星信号接受装置， 作到一机多用。
本实用新型所述的一种高性能太阳能装置， 只要能高效地将投射到 聚光器 1上的太阳光会聚到太阳能转换设备上， 使太阳能得到最有效地 利用， 满足使用要求， 可将上述各种器件、 装置、 设备任意组合成各种 形式的高性能太阳能装置。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种高性能太阳能装置， 包括固定安装在支架上的聚光器、 透镜 聚光系统和反射器， 其特征是： 所述聚光器、 透镜聚光系统和反射器一 般具有同一光轴， 透镜聚光系统设置于聚光器上部， 反射器设置于透镜 聚光系统上部。 在透镜聚光系统的下方， 沿所述光轴方向设置有太阳能 转换设备。 采用较大并具有聚光功能的反射器时， 最好透镜聚光系统较 小； 若采用较小的、 仅具有反射功能的反射器时， 最好透镜聚光系统要 比较大。 无论是反射器大还是透镜聚光系统大， 其垂直于光轴的最大截 面积最好等于或大于经聚光器会聚反射的光斑面积。 反射器会聚后反射 至透镜聚光系统上的光斑面积最好等于或小于透镜聚光系统最先接受反 射器会聚后反射光的透镜镜口垂直于光轴的截面积。 聚光器、 反射器、 透镜聚光系统的相互位置为只要将投射至聚光器上的太阳光经过聚光 器、 反射器、 透镜聚光系统等组成的整个装置， 会聚到太阳能转换设备 上。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 所述太 阳能转换设备为太阳能电池组件、 热管、 光纤、 液体循环传热系统等。
3、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 在反 射器上表面或聚光器上可设置太阳能电池组件。
4、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 可将 太阳能转换设备沿光轴运动轨迹固定设置在聚光器后部下方的基座上； 也可将太阳能转换设备设置在一个随太阳光跟踪器作水平运动的支架 上， 或将太阳能转换设备固定设置在基座上， 而将整个聚光系统的支架 作成以太阳能转换设备为中心水平转动的形式， 聚光器及以上部分仅随 太阳光跟踪系统作上下运动， 在以上方式中， 太阳能转换设备沿透镜聚 光系统的光轴上下运动轨迹设置。 在采用以上各种方式时， 以透镜聚光 系统的光轴延长到达聚光器上的点为中心， 在聚光器上开一个孔， 孔的 面积等于或大于经过透镜聚光系统会聚的光斑的面积。
5、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 可设 置滤光镜或分光系统。 在使用滤光镜而产生热量的区域可设置热管收集 热能， 产生热量的区域可作成封闭型式， 其内部可抽成真空或充入惰性 气体， 也可加入除湿材料； 分光系统可以是单一分光镜， 也可是由分光 镜与其它光学器件共同组成， 并可设置在任意位置， 只要满足使用要求: 分光系统出射光的光斑面积最好等于或小于被直接照射的接收端垂直于 出射光光轴的端口截面积。 当分光系统出射的种类光直接投射到太阳能 转换设备上时， 太阳能转换设备应分别按照接收光波的种类， 沿种类光 的光轴方向设置。 当分光系统设置在反射器与透镜聚光系统之间时， 则 按照需要转换的分光系统出射种类光的数量， 并沿种类光光轴方向设置 若干透镜聚光系统， 在各透镜聚光系统出射光端， 沿透镜聚光系统光轴 方向分别设置不同的太阳能转换设备。 若在透镜聚光系统中的某一位置 设置分光系统， 则应参照上述方式确定处于分光系统后部的透镜聚光分 系统设置的数量和位置， 并与太阳能转换设备适当衔接。
6、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 可采 用机械运动机构， 将若干根刚性热管连接起来。
7、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 可用 液体循环传热系统、 风扇代替热管。 在太阳能电池组件与热管、 光纤与 热管并存的系统中， 可用热管接散热器代替热管接水箱。
8、 如权利要求 1、 2所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 可设 置有太阳能各种能量形式转换量调节装置。 调节装置可采用遮蔽、 规避 方式， 可利用滤光镜或分光系统的特性制做成转换量调节装置。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 聚光器、 反射器可采用任何聚光面型制成。 透镜聚光系统由单一透镜或组合透镜 组成， 透镜种类不限， 透镜聚光系统可作成封闭型式， 其内部可抽成真 空或充入惰性气体， 也可加入除湿材料。
10、 如权利要求 1所述的一种高性能太阳能装置，其特征是： 该装置 可作成折叠等便携式及通过加装平衡、 稳定、 防震动装置， 做成运动载 体承载式。 该装置设置有太阳跟踪系统、 充电装置、 蓄能装置、 逆变器、 稳压装置、 稳频装置等， 并与各种电器、 热利用装置、 传光体等连接。 可设置防风装置、 避雷装置、 卫星接收装置、 寻星装置。
PCT/CN2007/001647 2006-05-22 2007-05-21 Dispositif utilisant l'énergie solaire, à rendement élevé WO2007134536A1 (fr)

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