WO2007132162A1 - Améliorations de l'approvisionnement en services xdsl - Google Patents

Améliorations de l'approvisionnement en services xdsl Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007132162A1
WO2007132162A1 PCT/GB2007/001614 GB2007001614W WO2007132162A1 WO 2007132162 A1 WO2007132162 A1 WO 2007132162A1 GB 2007001614 W GB2007001614 W GB 2007001614W WO 2007132162 A1 WO2007132162 A1 WO 2007132162A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
switches
connection block
service
connectors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2007/001614
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Jozef Julia Maria Erreygers
Juan Tomas Arias
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics Raychem Nv
Tyco Electronics Uk Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics Raychem Nv, Tyco Electronics Uk Ltd filed Critical Tyco Electronics Raychem Nv
Publication of WO2007132162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007132162A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
    • H04M11/062—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors using different frequency bands for speech and other data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/26—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing with means for applying test signals or for measuring
    • H04M3/28—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor
    • H04M3/30—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor for subscriber's lines, for the local loop
    • H04M3/305—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor for subscriber's lines, for the local loop testing of physical copper line parameters, e.g. capacitance or resistance
    • H04M3/306—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor for subscriber's lines, for the local loop testing of physical copper line parameters, e.g. capacitance or resistance for frequencies above the voice frequency, e.g. xDSL line qualification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/26—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing with means for applying test signals or for measuring
    • H04M3/28—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor
    • H04M3/30—Automatic routine testing ; Fault testing; Installation testing; Test methods, test equipment or test arrangements therefor for subscriber's lines, for the local loop
    • H04M3/308—Craftsperson test terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for service access on telecommunication networks, e.g. xDSL service access, and to methods and apparatus for testing, protecting or upgrading telecommunication networks, e.g. xDSL networks.
  • this invention relates to the provision of broadband access on telecommunication networks, more specifically on twisted pair networks.
  • ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
  • ADSL has been deployed in the central offices.
  • ADSL ADSL2
  • ADSL2+ ADSL2+
  • VDSLl VDSL2
  • VDSL2 VDSL2 as the technologies have been developed by the industry and been standardized in e.g. the ITU (International Telecommunications Union).
  • VDSL1/2 provides higher bitrates, but the distance between the DSLAM and the customer modem is significantly reduced. Therefore, operators have started to install DSLAMs at locations between the central office (where the POTS switch is located) and the customer premise: e.g. in small buildings, shelters, or in cabinets.
  • splitters that are required to combine POTS and ADSL or VDSL on the same copper pair are installed in these locations. Traditionally, the splitters are installed manually for each line for which they are required. If on a particular line the service changes, it is possible that somebody needs to be sent out to uninstall or install a splitter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide good methods and apparatus for service access on telecommunication networks, e.g. xDSL service access, and/or good methods and apparatus for testing, protecting or upgrading telecommunication networks, e.g. xDSL networks.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide broadband access on telecommunication networks, more specifically on twisted pair networks.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a module comprising a low-pass filter for use in xDSL service provision, means for plugging the module into a connection block and a plurality of switches wherein the switches can bypass the low-pass filter and the switches can be activated remotely.
  • the module may have switches for use in test access and/or protection components such as overvoltage or over current protection.
  • the module may also have blocking capacitors and at least one further switch to bypass the blocking capacitors.
  • the connection block may include sets of connectors for connecting to a customer premises and to an exchange and the module may further comprise a connection for an xDSL service.
  • the switches can be adapted to provide any one of a service from the exchange alone, from the xDSL service alone or from both the xDSL service and the service from the exchange.
  • a control unit may be provided in the module for controlling the plurality of switches and/or the further switch remotely, e.g. via a bus or via a wireless connection.
  • connection block may have sets of connectors for connection to a customer premises and to an exchange into which the module can be plugged.
  • the assembly may be located on a distribution frame for example.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a method of upgrading a telecommunications network using the module and or assembly of the present invention.
  • Figures 1 a and b show configurations of a splitter and switches in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figures 2 shows overvoltage and/or overcurrent protection components added to the circuits of Fig. Ia (of Fig. Ib)
  • Figure 3 a and 3b show test access switches added to the assembly of Figures Ia or 2 (or
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a connection block where space is available in the back switches in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5a shows a splitter or splitte ⁇ ypass module installed in a connection block in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 5b and c show exemplary wiring diagrams for the splitter/bypass module in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an advantageous combination of the circuitry of multiple splitter/bypass elements into a larger module that serves multiple lines switches in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows the mounting of modules that serve multiple lines in a connection block switches in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows installation of a complete unit comprising the connection blocks, splitter/bypass modules with optionally overvoltage protection and/or test access switches in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 9 to 12 show different views of a compact unit switches in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention with cable connections in the front and in the back switches.
  • the present invention provides a splitter assembly comprising switches that enable putting into service or removing of the splitter on or from the line remotely.
  • the splitter assembly comprises at least some switches that enable putting into service or removal of a low pass filter of the splitter on or from the line remotely.
  • These switches that are used in any of the embodiments of the present invention can be any suitable remotely actuatable switches, e.g. electromechanical relays, dip switches, Micro- ElectroMechanical Switches (MEMS) or the like.
  • Control means are connected to the switches in order to enable a remote activation or deactivation of the switches.
  • FIGS Ia and b show a configuration of the splitter having a low pass filter (LPF) and at least switches (S 1-2) in a first bypass element 2.
  • LPF low pass filter
  • S 1-2 switches
  • LPF is a low pass filter portion of the splitter that eliminates high frequency components on the POTS signal on lines 8, 10 that can disturb the xDSL, e.g. ADSL signal on lines 6, 10.
  • DCB are the DC blocking capacitors 4 and are part of a second bypass element 4 that includes at least a switch S3.
  • the blocking capacitors DCB prevent a DC bias voltage on a POTS line 8, 10 to reach a line card on the DSLAM on line 6 (not shown).
  • the DCB may be bypassed by closing the switch S3.
  • the DC blocking capacitors DCB may also be part of the ADSL DSLAM (not shown).
  • the second bypass element 4 with the switch S3 is not required.
  • the POTS service is coining from the central office on line 8 and the switches Sl and S2 are closed as in figures Ia and b.
  • the POTS service is delivered to the customer premises on line 10.
  • the POTS signal passes through the LPF.
  • S3 is open and the ADSL signal passes through the DC blocking capacitors DCB.
  • Changes of service configuration may occur.
  • the customer may order a Leased Line service (LL) from the operator that is provided from the exchange.
  • the Leased Line service may require a bandwidth higher than what is let through by the LPF.
  • the switches Sl and S2 are controlled remotely to switch them to the open position and the LPF is effectively bypassed.
  • the port connected to the relevant line 10 is deactivated.
  • the metallic connection from the DSLAM to the customer line 10 may be manually removed or be removed from a distance if an automated MDF (Main Distribution Frame) is being used.
  • the customer may request a special service that is deployed from the location between the exchange and the subscriber premises by either the incumbent operator or an alternative operator.
  • a complete telephone and data service is supplied only via the xDSL service. In this case it is not desirable that the twisted pair 8 that is still connected to the exchange is still connected to the line 10.
  • the switch S2 is opened, thereby disconnecting the exchange from line 10.
  • the position of switch Sl is irrelevant, and the switch S3 may be open or it may be closed if the service from the intermediate location does not need the DC blocking capacitors DCB.
  • Fig. Ia shows one architecture embodiment of the present invention as described above.
  • Fig. Ib shows another architecture embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • the main difference in this embodiment relates to the position of the connection from the DSLAM to customer line 10.
  • this connection is closer to the customer premises than the switch S2.
  • the switch S2 is closer to the customer premises than the connection of the DSLAM to the line 10.
  • This connection is now located between switch Sl and S2, namely between the LPF and switch 2.
  • the advantage of this architecture is that POTS and xDSL, xDSL alone, are POTS alone services are all possibilities depending upon the position of the remotely actuatable switches Sl and S2. Assuming that the POTS service is a first service, the xDSL service is a second service then the relevant switch positions are shown in Table 1 :
  • switches Sl and S2 need not have only open and closed positions.
  • the present invention is not limited to only open and closed switches. These switches may also have other arrangements with other switching positions provided they have some positions that allow bypassing of the LPF.
  • protection units such as overvoltage and/or overcurrent protection components may be added to the circuit of either Fig. 1 a or Ib.
  • FIG 2. shows an optional protection unit Pl located between the switch Sl and the exchange. It also shows an optional protection unit P2 located between the switch S2 and/or the connection to the xDSL DSLAM and the customer premises.
  • the protection units Pl and P2 can be placed in the same position for the circuit of Fig. Ib.
  • test access switches may be added to the assembly. These test access switches can also be activated remotely and provide the capability to connected the line to a or multiple test heads as shown in Figure 3 for the circuits of Fig. Ia or Fig. 2.
  • the test access can be provided between the switch S2 and the customer premises.
  • a test head can be provided, e.g. at a remote location.
  • This arrangement can be provided also for the circuits of Fig. Ib (and the corresponding circuit based on Fig. Ib and Fig. 2) with the test access switches being placed in the same position in both, namely at a position most adjacent to the customer premises.
  • the remote activation of any or all of the switches may be made remotely actuatable by any suitable means, e.g. via by cable, e.g. wired or by wireless, e.g. by radio or satellite connections.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the practical installation of the splitter/bypass assembly.
  • MDF main distribution frame
  • additional cabling is required for the control connections that enable the remote activation of the switches and test access switches.
  • installing additional cabling is cumbersome, requires extra space and causes a service interruption of significant duration for the customers. It would be preferable if this installation would not require extra cabling, space or prolonged service interruption. This effect can be achieved in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention by mounting one or more modules containing the required circuitry directly on the main distribution frame.
  • a module comprising a low-pass filter for use in xDSL service provision and a plurality of switches wherein the switches can be operated to bypass the low-pass filter and the switches can be activated remotely, the module being mounted on the main distribution frame.
  • the module may include switches for use in test access and/or overvoltage protection components.
  • connection blocks are located in the MDF and contain a provision to interrupt the lines to and from the MDF. This capability to interrupt the line may be present for reasons of manual test access or to allow for the installation of a protection module such as a 5-pin protection module.
  • a module including at least the first bypass element 2 having at least an LPF and at least switches Sl and S2 to bypass the LPF, and optionally the bypass element 4 is adapted to be pluggable into a connection block.
  • the connection block can be part of a distribution frame such as a Main Distribution frame or another distribution frame such as an Intermediate distribution frame.
  • a Main Distribution Frame has vertical and horizontal connection blocks.
  • the bypass module according to embodiments of the present invention having at least the first bypass element 2 (with at least switches S 1 and S2 and the LPF) and optionally the second bypass element 4 may be installed on the front, on the side or on the back of the connection block. This will generally depend on the nature of the connection block and the space available. It can be advantageous to be able to install the module on the side or on the back, because in this case the front side of the connection block remains easily accessible for the operator.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a connection block 12 in a housing 32 where space (22) is available at the back of a connection block 12.
  • the housing 32 may contain a plurality of connection blocks 12.
  • Each connection block 12 has at least two sets of connections and in this embodiment three sets of connections, namely connections 14, 16 and 18 for access to the customer line 10, the DSLAM line 6 (xDSL) and the exchange line 8 (POTS service), respectively.
  • a splitter/bypass module 20 in accordance with the present invention is plugged into the back of the connection block 12 and is accommodated in the space 22 at the back of the connection block 12, i.e. accommodated within the housing 32.
  • the connection block 12 can be rotated about a hinge at one side (or by any other motion, e.g.
  • the splitter/bypass module 20 is provided with suitable members for plugging into the connection block. These members will depend upon the design of the connection block and may include PCB edge connectors (an example is shown in Fig. 11), pins or sockets, bayonet connectors, jacks, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows in more detail how a splitter/bypass module 20 according to the present invention can be installed in the back of this connection block 12.
  • a splitter module 20 is plugged into the back of the connection block 12 and includes at least the first bypass element 2 having at least the switches Sl and S2 and LPF of any of Figs. 1 a, 2, 3.
  • a plurality of such splitter/byass modules 20 are plugged into the back of the connection blocks 12 which are contained within a housing 32.
  • An exemplary wiring diagram of the circuits of Figs Ia, 2 and 3 as applied to a module 20 is shown in Fig. 5b.
  • FIG. 5c An exemplary wiring diagram of the circuits of Figs Ib, 2 and 3 as applied to a module 20 is shown in Fig. 5c.
  • These show optional protection unit Pl connected onto the exchange line 8 via connector set 18, optional protection unit P2 connected onto the customer line 10 via connector set 14 and the first and optional second bypass units 2 and 4, respectively.
  • a test access switch may be provided as has been described with respect to Fig. 3.
  • the first bypass element 2 includes the switches Sl and S2 and the LPF as shown in Fig. Ia or b.
  • the optional second bypass element 4 includes the DCB and the switch S3 as shown in Fig. Ia or b.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention. It can be advantageous to combine the circuitry of multiple modules 20 having splitter/bypass elements 2, 4 into a larger module 25 that serves multiple lines.
  • the module 25 is accommodated in the space 22 shown in Fig. 4, i.e. accommodated within the housing 32.
  • the remainder of the connection block is as shown in Fig. 4.
  • Module 25 is pluggable into the connection block 12, e.g. into the back thereof.
  • the splitter/bypass module 25 is provided with suitable members for plugging into the connection block. These members will depend upon the design of the connection block and may include PCB edge connectors (as shown in Fig. 11), pins or sockets, etc.
  • the provision of the pluggable module 25 reduces the number of individual components that are required. It will also reduces installation time because only one module 25 needs to be installed instead of multiple modules 20 of Fig. 4. Another advantage is that the control circuitry to activate the switches Sl, S2 and optionally S3 can be shared over several lines. This reduces the required hardware and cabling towards a remote control unit for the switches.
  • FIG. 7 shows the mounting of modules 25 that serve multiple lines in a connection block 12.
  • a back plane 24 can be added.
  • a plurality of modules 20, 25, each of which may serve one or more lines, can be plugged into the back plane 24 as shown in figure 7.
  • a control bus for each module 20, 25 is connected to each module 20, 25 via a back plane connector 28, all of which are preferably connected to a connector 26 such as a network connector for connection to a remote control unit for the bypass elements 2, 4 via a control network.
  • the control bus is carries the control signals to operate remotely the various switches S 1-3 of each of the modules 20, 25.
  • the back plane 24 comprises also the connector 26 to connect the control circuitry to the remote control unit for the switches S 1-3.
  • the backplane 22 may contain at least two connectors 26 which allow a loop through of the cable that connects the control circuitry with the remote control unit thus allowing daisy chaining.
  • Daisy chaining means that each unit is joined to the next by only one cable. This further reduces the cabling required.
  • the relevant module 20, 25 can have a network address within a control network.
  • the modules 20, 25 have local processors and a network interface that control the access to and from the control network.
  • the modules 20, 25 can be powered locally or powered remotely, e.g. by means of power supplied over a data cable and the control bus.
  • protection units e.g. overvoltage protection modules which are usually installed on the front of connection modules can remain in place and be reused.
  • the protection units e.g. Pl and/or P2 can be integrated in the splitter/bypass module 20, 25,
  • connection blocks 12 When adding services because no spare capacity of connection blocks is available, e.g. on an MDF or intermediate distribution frame. In this case it can be advantageous to install immediately a complete unit comprising the connection blocks 12, splitter/bypass modules 20, 25 with optionally protection units such as overvoltage protection, and/or test access switches.
  • Figure 8 shows such an arrangement in a schematic way.
  • This arrangement also has the first bypass element 2 (including the LPF and remotely controllable switches S 1 and S2 as in Fig. 1 a or b) and the optional second bypass element 4 (including the DCB and the remotely controllable switch S3) plugged into the back of a connection block 12, e.g. incorporated in a plug-in module type 20 or 25 as described above.
  • a connection block 12 only the connections 14 and 18 for access to the customer line 10 and the exchange line 8 (POTS service), respectively, are located on the front.
  • the ADSL connectors 16 are located on the back of the module.
  • An advantage of this approach is that also the back space can be used for connecting e.g. the ADSL cable.
  • the first bypass element 2 including the LPF and switches Sl and S2
  • the second bypass element 4 are located within the module 20, 25.
  • one or more protection units Pl and/or P e.g. overvoltage/overcurrent protection components, can be mounted on plug-in modules 20, 25 which allows for easy replacement in case one of the protection component would fail or be triggered in a fail-safe mode in which the line is connected to ground.
  • a test access switch may be provided.
  • a relay control module 30 and a control bus 28 for the switches Sl to S3 is connected to a back plane connector 26 as already described with respect to Fig. 7.
  • Figures 9 to 12 show different views of an embodiment of such a compact unit with cable connections in the front and optionally in the back. As the complete unit can be designed from scratch, the components and the way they fit together can be optimized.
  • the connection blocks 12 are shown in a housing 32. Each connection block has at least two rows of connectors 14, 18 for access to the customer line 10 and the exchange line 8 (POTS service), respectively, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • a further set of connectors for the xDSL service can also be included either on the front or back of the unit.
  • the connection blocks 12 can be hinged open to reveal the space 22 in which the bypass modules 20, 25 are housed.
  • circuit module 20, 25 that contains the splitter/bypass elements 2, 4 is plugged into the back of the front connection blocks 12 as shown in Figure 10.
  • the means for plugging into the connector blocks of the module 20 or 25 can be selected in accordance with available plug types, e.g. an edge connector of a PCB can be used as shown in Fig. 11.
  • the front connection block 12 can be opened by a rotational movement (or a sliding or other movement) to expose an inner space 22 for accommodating modules 20 or 25.
  • Figure 12 shows the rear view of the unit with the connectors 16 for the xDSL service and the back plane connector or connectors 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Structure Of Telephone Exchanges (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module comprenant un filtre passe-bas destiné à une utilisation pour l'approvisionnement en service xDSL, un moyen de branchement du module dans un bloc de connexion et une pluralité d'interrupteurs, lesdits interrupteurs pouvant contourner le filtre passe-bas et pouvant être activés à distance. L'invention concerne également un ensemble comprenant le module susmentionné et un bloc de connexion, le module étant branché dans le bloc de connexion. Un réseau de télécommunications ayant un répartiteur à blocs de connexion peut être amélioré en déplaçant le bloc de connexion pour exposer un espace à l'arrière du bloc de connexion, en y branchant le module et en replaçant le bloc de connexion à son emplacement original.
PCT/GB2007/001614 2006-05-03 2007-05-03 Améliorations de l'approvisionnement en services xdsl WO2007132162A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0608599.7 2006-05-03
GB0608599A GB0608599D0 (en) 2006-05-03 2006-05-03 Improvements in xdsl service provision

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007132162A1 true WO2007132162A1 (fr) 2007-11-22

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PCT/GB2007/001614 WO2007132162A1 (fr) 2006-05-03 2007-05-03 Améliorations de l'approvisionnement en services xdsl

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WO (1) WO2007132162A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009008792A1 (fr) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Agencement et procédé concernant des connexions de lignes d'abonnés
EP2393272A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Circuit de séparation de signaux et séparateur de signaux
EP2393271A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Circuit de séparation de signaux et séparateur de signaux

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6418195B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2002-07-09 Marconi Communications, Inc. Apparatus for communicating a diagnostic device with a telecommunications system through a remote network unit
US20020172329A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-21 Farrokh Rashid-Farrokhi Single ended line probing in DSL system
US6594343B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-07-15 Turnstone Systems, Inc. Splitter bypass architecture for testing multiple ports
GB2406241A (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-23 Rory Joseph Donnelly Controlling communication between a network and subscriber equipment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6418195B1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2002-07-09 Marconi Communications, Inc. Apparatus for communicating a diagnostic device with a telecommunications system through a remote network unit
US6594343B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2003-07-15 Turnstone Systems, Inc. Splitter bypass architecture for testing multiple ports
US20020172329A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2002-11-21 Farrokh Rashid-Farrokhi Single ended line probing in DSL system
GB2406241A (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-23 Rory Joseph Donnelly Controlling communication between a network and subscriber equipment

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009008792A1 (fr) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Agencement et procédé concernant des connexions de lignes d'abonnés
US8233503B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2012-07-31 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Arrangement and method relating to subscriber line connections
EP2393272A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Circuit de séparation de signaux et séparateur de signaux
EP2393271A1 (fr) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-07 Tyco Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Circuit de séparation de signaux et séparateur de signaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0608599D0 (en) 2006-06-14

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