WO2007132090A2 - Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes - Google Patents
Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007132090A2 WO2007132090A2 PCT/FR2007/000813 FR2007000813W WO2007132090A2 WO 2007132090 A2 WO2007132090 A2 WO 2007132090A2 FR 2007000813 W FR2007000813 W FR 2007000813W WO 2007132090 A2 WO2007132090 A2 WO 2007132090A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- receptor
- arginine
- calcium
- repellent
- insects
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
- A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of insect control, and more particularly the field of repellent products for insects.
- insecticidal or insect repellent molecules are used to control pests.
- the first problem is related to the time-limited effectiveness of these molecules, due to the great adaptability of insects. Indeed, insects quickly develop resistance to insecticidal or repellent molecules against insects, by mutations of the molecular target resulting in a decrease, or loss of affinity of these molecules for their target.
- the second problem is related to the toxicity of these molecules to other organisms such as mammals and, in particular, humans. The toxicity of these insecticidal or insect repellent molecules is mainly due to the fact that their targets are conserved in mammals.
- Pests are essentially crop pests, as well as vectors of certain diseases that kill millions of people a year.
- the fight against insects is an essential tool for the prevention of vector-borne diseases.
- some diseases for which no effective vaccine is available malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya
- personal protection against mosquito bites can protect itself; the use of repellents coated on the exposed skin is in this context a means of protection widely used.
- repellents coated on the exposed skin is in this context a means of protection widely used.
- DEET N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide
- DEET N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide
- mX receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor, homologous to metabotropic glutamate receptors (family C of G-protein coupled receptors) (Mitri et al., 2004).
- the mX receptor is characterized by a particular sequence of consensus residues at the (unidentified) ligand binding pocket, a consensus sequence that differs from that of metabotropic glutamate receptors (Mitri et al., 2004).
- the inventors have identified this receptor in several insects (currently Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila virilis, mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, bee Apis mellifera and butterfly Bombyx mori), and shown that it does not exist. not in the genome of the C. elegans nematode, nor in the vertebrate genome (zebrafish fish, mouse, man). There is only one gene encoding an mX receptor in the species where it has been identified. To date, this receptor seems to be specific to insects.
- L-Canavanine does not seem to be a directly usable repellent because of its toxicity. It is known that L-canavanine (L-2-amino-4- (guanidinooxy) butyric acid), synthesized by more than 1200 species of legumes, is a powerful insecticide. Indeed, in many insect species treated with L-canavanine, it has been described that this amino acid, which is nonprotein in the leguminous plants that synthesise it, can be incorporated into the proteins synthesized de novo by arginyl- tRNA synthetase instead of arginine (Rosenthal 1977, Rosenthal 2001).
- the inventors have now identified the natural ligand of the mX insect receptor. They have shown that this natural ligand, L-arginine associated with calcium, is repellent to insects. In addition to the fact that arginine associated with calcium can be used as a repellent, these results show that the mX receptor is a particularly interesting target candidate for identifying new substances or molecules that are repulsive against certain insects, since it appears that other ligands mX receptors will also have a repellent effect.
- the present invention therefore firstly relates to the use of an activator of an mX receptor as a repellent with regard to certain insects and more particularly the use of such a receptor for the preparation of a repulsive composition with respect to certain insects.
- the inventors have so far identified the mX receptor in Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster, the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, the Apis mellifera bee and the Bombyx mori butterfly, as well as in the genome.
- Drosophila species Drosophila pseudoobscura (chromosome 3), Drosophila virilis (scaffold 12875) and in a sequence of a pest, the mosquito Aedes aegypti (AAGE02017413.1), vector of dengue.
- An activator of the Drosophila mX receptor is therefore likely to be repellent to any insect.
- Dipterous pests are an essential target of the repellent compositions according to the invention, since the mX receptor is found in all currently sequenced dipteran genomes: it is particularly possible to cite sandflies, small dipterans whose female is haematophagous and transmits cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis (emerging disease in southern Europe, particularly co-infection with leishmaniasis-HIV / AIDS), tsetse fly, vector of sleeping sickness, and mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, vectors of yellow fever, chikungunya and dengue fever.
- the targeted insects according to the invention there may also be mentioned bees, butterflies, locusts, wasps, etc.
- mX receptor modulator is meant, of course, any ligand capable of activating mXR (i.e., an mX receptor activator), but also any mX receptor antagonist ligand. (i.e. mX receptor inhibitor). Indeed, it has been shown that the taste response to certain amino acids studied, such as methionine and valine, may depend on the insect species studied, ranging from stimulant to repellent (Chapman 2003). Antagonists can inhibit the activation of the mX receptor if the arginine and calcium contained in the natural nutrient medium trigger an attractive behavior in some species of insects. Another category of mX receptor modulators is the allosteric regulators - positive or negative - of this receptor.
- mGlu receptors Allosteric regulators have been described for mGlu receptors (Gasparini, Kuhn et al., 2002); Due to the high homology between these receptors and the mXRs, the same regulatory mechanism (via a linkage to the transmembrane domain) certainly exists for the mX receptors.
- the mX receptor activator is a mixture of arginine and calcium.
- the combination of L-arginine and calcium is in fact a natural activator of mXR, which has several advantages, among which mention may be made of the stability of the compounds and their probable absence of toxicity. These properties allow to consider all types of uses, depending on the scope (cosmetology anti ⁇ insect disinfestation of premises, agrochemicals ).
- a composition according to the invention may therefore be in the form of a cream, lotion or spray for topical application.
- Arginine and calcium may be provided in the mixture in various forms known to those skilled in the art.
- arginine may be in the form of L-arginine directly and / or arginine salt; calcium can also be in the form of salt, such as chloride, carbonate or calcium fluoride.
- the concentrations of arginine and calcium in the composition are greater than 1 mM, and preferably at least 10 mM. More preferably, the concentrations of arginine and calcium are between 15 and 100 mM, preferably between 20 and 50 mM.
- the calcium concentration is about twice that of arginine.
- the present invention also relates to paints or other coatings, including L-canavanine and / or arginine and calcium, to impart repellent properties to insects.
- the present invention also relates to a method for repelling certain insects in which surfaces are treated with a mixture of arginine and calcium.
- an action at the level of the mX receptor may, depending on the insects and depending on whether it is an activating or inhibitory action of the receptor, cause repulsion or on the contrary an attraction of the insects in question.
- the present invention thus also relates to an attractive composition with regard to certain insects, characterized in that it comprises at least one modulator of an mX receptor.
- the modulator is an inhibitor of an mX receptor, such as, for example, N-methyl-L-arginine (NMA), advantageously present at a concentration greater than 10 mM, preferably greater than 20 mM.
- NMA N-methyl-L-arginine
- the attractive compositions according to the invention may also comprise an insecticide, in addition to a modulator of an mX receptor, for example for the production of insect traps.
- the modulators of the mX receptor, and especially inhibitors such as NMA can indeed be advantageously used in insect pest traps, in association with a non-local effect attractant (as appropriate, light, CO 2 , heat, smell, etc.) and an insecticide.
- the action of the ligand of the mX receptor may be directly attractive, but its effect may also be related to a disinhibition of a feeding behavior in an insect species for a medium, a behavior that would be negatively regulated by a other compound (including an insecticide) contained in the medium.
- L-canavanine and / or a mixture of arginine and calcium and / or NMA can be used as positive controls for mX receptor binding in any type of screening method to identify mX receptor agonist ligands, whether in vitro silico screening by modeling, in vitro (for example, in a test as described in the experimental section below) or in vivo
- an insect mX receptor as a target for identifying repellent substances with respect to at least some insects.
- substances is meant here and in the remainder of this text not only the molecules present in the molecular databases - for example, more than three million molecules can be screened in silico for their binding to the mX receptor pocket. - but also more complex substances, such as cell extracts, plant extracts, etc., which can be tested in vitro or in vivo.
- a screening method for identifying a repellent substance with respect to at least one species of insect preferably comprises a step of selecting the substances binding to the mX receptor of said insect.
- the search for repellent molecules for mosquitoes will preferably be carried out by searching ligands of the Anopheles gambiae AgmXR receptor.
- the very high degree of homology of the mX receptor from one insect species to another suggests that a substance that binds to the AgmXR receptor and is repellent to mosquitoes will also have a repellent effect on other mosquito species. insects, such as wasps, locusts etc.
- a screening method comprises a step of selecting substances that activate or inhibit the mX receptor.
- a modulator may be a competitive ligand or an allosteric regulator.
- the screening method according to the invention can be implemented using any insect mX receptor.
- suitable receptors mention may be made of the DmXR receptor of Drosophila melanogaster, of Drosophila pseudoobscumra, or of Drosophila virilis, the AgmXR receptor of Anopheles gambiae, the mXR receptor of Aedes aegypti, the HBmXR receptor of Apis mellifera and the mXR receiver of Bombyx morl.
- the key residues forming the binding pocket of L-canavanine and L-arginine are identical in the four species of insects mentioned above; Drosophila receptor activators, for example, will most likely be mX receptor activators of many insects.
- a screening method preferably comprises at least one in vitro screening step, by bringing the substances to be tested into contact with the selected mX receptor.
- This in vitro screening step can be carried out on cultured cells expressing the mX receptor, whether it be insect cells expressing said receptor naturally, or cells transfected with an expression vector of this receptor and which express it, either transiently or, preferably, stably.
- An example of an in vitro test that can be used in the context of the invention is described in the article by Mitri et al., Supra, and in the experimental part below.
- the use of a cell transformed with an mX receptor expression vector to identify repellents for at least some insects is also part of the present invention.
- the method comprises a step of determining in vivo the repulsive effect of the substances selected in vitro.
- This step of in vivo determination of the effect repellent can include or consist of a taste test.
- An example of taste selection test on fruit flies is described in the experimental section below.
- a screening method according to the invention may comprise, upstream of the in vitro screening step, a step of in silico screening of molecules to be tested.
- an additional step is added to determine whether the repulsive action of a selected substance is exclusively related to its binding to the mX receptor.
- This step consists of a test on at least one loss of function mX receptor mutant, for example on flies in which the mX gene was made non-functional, or its expression was inhibited.
- Figure 1 shows the result of a pharmacological test showing the dose-response effect of L-canavanine on HEK cells transfected with G ⁇ qi / 9 expression vectors alone (Ctrl), or G ⁇ qi / 9 and DmXR (DmXR).
- the EC 50 of L-canavanine was evaluated at 0.5mM.
- Figure 2 shows the result of a pharmacological test showing that DmXR expressed in HEK cells is specifically activated by calcium-associated arginine but not by other naturally occurring amino acids (10mM) in the presence of calcium (10mM) (other) .
- the "other" bar of the graph represents an average of the tests performed with each amino acid other than arginine.
- FIG. 3 presents the result of pharmacological tests showing the dose-response effect of arginine in the presence of 10 mM of calcium (dashed curve) and of calcium in the presence of 10 mM of arginine (solid curve) on transfected HEK cells. by G ⁇ qi / 9 and DmXR.
- Figure 4 shows a diagram of the behavioral test performed to measure the chemosensory effect DmX receptor ligands.
- Horizontal stripes symbolize erioglaucine (blue dye), while vertical stripes symbolize suiforhodamine (red dye).
- Figure 7 shows the results obtained in vitro and in vivo with N-methyl-L-arginine.
- Figure 7A shows the antagonistic effect of N-methyl-L-arginine on the transfected DmX receptor in HEK293 cells.
- Figure 8 illustrates the strategy used to find the endogenous ligands of DmXR.
- L-glutamate, L-arginine, calcium chloride, L-canavanine (ref: C1625), N-methyl-L-arginine (ref: M-7033) were purchased from Sigma.
- the erioglaucine dye (ref: 861146) comes from Aldrich, the dye suiforhodamine B (ref: S9012) from Sigma.
- Agarose was purchased from Invitrogen (ref: 15510-019).
- Sucrose (sucrose) comes from Merck (ref: 7654).
- Pharmacology The pharmacology experiments were carried out as previously described (Mitri, Parmentier et al., 2004).
- DmXR receptor ligand For the identification of the endogenous DmXR receptor ligand, 6 grams of Drosophila melanogaster heads, Canton S strain, were used to make hydrophilic head extracts as described by Mitri et al., Supra. The strategy used to find the endogenous ligands of DmXR is shown in Figure 8.
- the X4 sulfonic resin is from Biorad. Behaviour
- the test used measures the preference of food in a choice with two possibilities materialized by two dyes, erioglaucine (blue) on the one hand, and suiforhodamine (red) on the other hand.
- Erioglaucine is used at a final concentration of 5mg / ml, dissolved in bidistilled water pH 7.5.
- Suiforhodamine is used at a final concentration of 20 mg / ml, dissolved in bidistilled water pH 7.5.
- the 2 dye solutions also contain sucrose (final 5mM sucrose).
- these various compounds are added to a solution of molten agarose (0.3% final, 45 ° C.) and deposited in a 96-well cell culture plate (Corning Incorporated, ref. so that the wells alternately contain 200 ⁇ l of blue dye and then 200 ⁇ l of red dye (see Fig. 4).
- the plates are left at room temperature for 2 hours in order for the agarose to solidify and then are used for a food preference test.
- % blue number of blue digestive tract flies, divided by the number of flies that ate (sum of blue, purple or red digestive tract flies), multiplied by 100. At least 8 independent tests were performed for each indicated point in the figures, and the test results were counted blind for most points. Only tests in which more than 25% of the flies had eaten were included in the results and in the statistical tests (T test and ANOVA).
- the wild type strain used is Canton S.
- the DmXR function loss mutants were generated by insertion of piggyBac elements (Thibault, Singer et al., 2004).
- the mutant Pox-Neuro 70 is available from Dr. C. Dambly-Chaudière, University of adjoin II (Dambly-Cdefault, Jamet et al., 1992).
- the absence of mX receptor-encoding mRNA has been shown by RT-PCR.
- Example 1 In vitro activation of DmXR
- the mX receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, homologous to metabotropic glutamate receptors (family C of G-protein coupled receptors)
- the mX receptor is characterized by a particular sequence of consensus residues at the ligand binding pocket, a consensus sequence that differs from that of metabotropic glutamate receptors (Mitri et al., 2004).
- the coding sequence of the DmX receptor was cloned into an expression vector for the mammals, which was then transfected into heterologous cells commonly used in pharmacology laboratories (HEK cells), as described by Mitri et al.
- the DmX receptor is activated by L-canavanine (L-2-amino-4- (guanidinooxy) butyric acid), an amino acid of structure similar to arginine and synthesized by certain legumes (fig.l ).
- L-Canavanine is not the endogenous ligand of the receptor.
- test solutions 60 flies having fasted (24h) are placed in the dark on a 96-well plate for 2 hours at 25 ° C.
- the wells alternately contain the test solutions in agarose (0.3%) with eroglaucine (blue) or suiforhodamine (red).
- Flies are counted according to the color of the contents of their digestive tract.
- results are expressed as a percentage of flies that ate a given environment, compared to the total number of flies that ate.
- DmXR cloned Drosophila receptor
- DmXR activators identified in vitro are tested in Drosophila for their repellent properties by a very fast taste test, L-canavanine again serving as a positive control.
- the repellent properties of the Drosophila receptor activators are then tested on other insects, by taste behavior tests appropriate to the species studied.
- new DmXR ligands are identified, and new DmXR activators, more affine than arginine and calcium or non-toxic such as L-canavanine, are selected.
- FIG. 7A shows the antagonistic effect of N-methyl-L-arginine on the transfected DmX receptor in HEK293 cells. The figure
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/300,623 US8048683B2 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-14 | Insect repellent and process for identifying other insect repellent molecules |
CA002652018A CA2652018A1 (fr) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-14 | Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes |
EP07731452A EP2023734A2 (fr) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-14 | Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes |
BRPI0712402-3A BRPI0712402A2 (pt) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-14 | repelentes antiinsetos e processo para identificar outras moléculas repelentes em relação aos insetos |
NO20084780A NO20084780L (no) | 2006-05-15 | 2008-11-12 | Insect repellent and process for identifying other insect repellent molecules |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0604292A FR2900794B1 (fr) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-05-15 | Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes |
FR0604292 | 2006-05-15 |
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WO2007132090A2 true WO2007132090A2 (fr) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2007132090A3 WO2007132090A3 (fr) | 2008-05-29 |
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PCT/FR2007/000813 WO2007132090A2 (fr) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-05-14 | Repulsifs anti-insectes et procede pour identifier d'autres molecules repulsives a l'egard des insectes |
Country Status (7)
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US (1) | US8048683B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2023734A2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0712402A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2652018A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2900794B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20084780L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007132090A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB0612788D0 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2006-08-09 | Insectshield Ltd | Pest control materials |
BR112013009401A2 (pt) * | 2010-10-17 | 2016-07-26 | Purdue Research Foundation | monitoração automática de populações de insetos |
US9491942B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2016-11-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods for assessing repellant quality of organic materials and methods and compositions for repelling arthropods |
EP2971060A4 (fr) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-01-18 | The Regents of The University of California | Procédés d'identification de répulsifs pour arthropodes basés sur la modulation de récepteurs ionotropes, composés et compositions identifiés par ces procédés |
EP3409115A3 (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-02-27 | The Regents of The University of California | Procédés pour identifier des agents répulsifs pour les arthropodes et composés et compositions identifiés par ces procédés |
US20160272612A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Anthropod repellent chemicals |
CN105794751A (zh) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-27 | 南京农业大学 | 一种实时计数的杀虫灯 |
Citations (1)
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US20030092124A1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2003-05-15 | Applera Corporation | Isolated G-protein coupled receptors, nucleic acid molecules encoding GPCR proteins, and uses thereof as insecticidal targets |
-
2006
- 2006-05-15 FR FR0604292A patent/FR2900794B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-14 EP EP07731452A patent/EP2023734A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-05-14 CA CA002652018A patent/CA2652018A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-14 BR BRPI0712402-3A patent/BRPI0712402A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-05-14 US US12/300,623 patent/US8048683B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-14 WO PCT/FR2007/000813 patent/WO2007132090A2/fr active Application Filing
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2008
- 2008-11-12 NO NO20084780A patent/NO20084780L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030092124A1 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2003-05-15 | Applera Corporation | Isolated G-protein coupled receptors, nucleic acid molecules encoding GPCR proteins, and uses thereof as insecticidal targets |
Non-Patent Citations (10)
Title |
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CHRISTIAN MITRI ET AL.: "Divergent evolution in metabotropic glutamate receptors" THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 279, no. 10, 2004, pages 9313-9320, XP002415022 cité dans la demande * |
DATABASE CAPLUS [Online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 1998, HAO, CHI: "Comparative study on insecticidal activity of L-canavanine and carbofuran against Pieris brassicae L." XP002415031 extrait de STN Database accession no. 1998:432641 & KUNCHONG ZHISHI , 35(2), 68-70 CODEN: KCCSAK; ISSN: 0452-8255, 1998, * |
DATABASE ZREGISTRY [Online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 1984, XP002415032 extrait de STN Database accession no. 60890-85-9 * |
DATABASE ZREGISTRY [Online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 1984, XP002415033 extrait de STN Database accession no. 50472-71-4 * |
DATABASE ZREGISTRY [Online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; 1984, XP002415034 extrait de STN Database accession no. 27648-09-5 * |
GASPARINI F ET AL: "Allosteric modulators of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: Novel subtype-selective ligands and therapeutic perspectives" CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS,, NL, vol. 2, no. 1, février 2002 (2002-02), pages 43-49, XP002269530 ISSN: 1471-4892 cité dans la demande * |
GERALD A. ROSENTHAL ET AL.: "Effect of long-chained esters on the insecticidal properties of L-canavanine" J.AGRIC.FOOD CHEM., vol. 46, 1998, pages 296-299, XP002415024 * |
HIDEO TANIURA ET AL.: "A metabotropic glutamate receptor family gene in Dictyostelium discoideum" THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 281, no. 18, 5 mars 2006 (2006-03-05), pages 12336-12343, XP002415023 * |
P. QUITT ET AL.: "Die Synthese optisch aktiver N-Monomethyl-Aminosäuren" HELV CHIM ACTA, 1963, page 327, XP007904290 * |
PUNDAK S ET AL: "Synthesis of Guanidino-N-alkylarginines by the Use of Polymeric Pseudoureas" JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EASTON, US, vol. 46, 1981, pages 808-809, XP002374531 ISSN: 0022-3263 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0712402A2 (pt) | 2012-10-16 |
US8048683B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US20090220428A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
WO2007132090A3 (fr) | 2008-05-29 |
CA2652018A1 (fr) | 2007-11-22 |
EP2023734A2 (fr) | 2009-02-18 |
NO20084780L (no) | 2009-01-05 |
FR2900794A1 (fr) | 2007-11-16 |
FR2900794B1 (fr) | 2012-05-18 |
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