WO2007124669A1 - Appareil pour criblage électrochimique et diagnostic précoce de tumeur maligne - Google Patents

Appareil pour criblage électrochimique et diagnostic précoce de tumeur maligne Download PDF

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WO2007124669A1
WO2007124669A1 PCT/CN2007/001237 CN2007001237W WO2007124669A1 WO 2007124669 A1 WO2007124669 A1 WO 2007124669A1 CN 2007001237 W CN2007001237 W CN 2007001237W WO 2007124669 A1 WO2007124669 A1 WO 2007124669A1
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channel
electrochemical
chip
electrode
time
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Huangxian Ju
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54373Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
    • G01N33/5438Electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/575Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/5758Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumours, cancers or neoplasias, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides or metabolites
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medical diagnostic apparatus, and more particularly to an immunoassay for tumor markers and a rapid electrochemical screening and early diagnostic apparatus.
  • Immunoassay is a highly sensitive and highly selective method for detecting antibodies, antigens or related substances by using a highly specific reaction between antigens/antibodies, which is a clinical immunoassay for serum tumor markers.
  • clinical immunoassay methods for serum tumor markers mostly use the "double antibody sandwich" method, such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme labeling, time-resolved fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence.
  • Electrochemical analysis has many advantages, such as the miniaturization of the test probe, which is not affected by the turbidity and color of the system.
  • the method has high sensitivity, high speed, low cost and low harm. It also has the characteristics of simple detection instrument and easy miniaturization, and the ampere detection signal intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of the substance to be tested. The linear range is wide and the sensitivity is high, so it has potential for high-throughput multi-tumor marker detection.
  • electrochemical immunoassay methods for simultaneous determination of two tumor markers.
  • these authors further proposed a method for simultaneous immunoelectrochemical analysis of multiple markers. These methods have some practicality, but they cannot be given intuitively. Concentration values also do not provide image results that are generally useful in chip analysis, and do not break through the defects associated with tumor-associated antigens, develop detection instruments, and promote their use.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-channel electrochemical detection chip capable of simultaneously and rapidly measuring a plurality of tumor markers, and sets thresholds according to the needs of screening and early diagnosis of malignant tumors through experiments and clinical comparisons. Combine the image results with the joint diagnosis, and further develop the electrochemical screening and early diagnosis instrument for malignant tumors. The instrument converts amp detection signals into intuitive image results for use by non-professionals. At the same time, the concentration values of various tumor markers associated with the course of the disease can be visually reported for disease monitoring.
  • the invention comprises a multi-channel electrochemical detection chip and a multi-channel electrochemical detection instrument, and the report result is intuitive, the detection cost is low, the degree of automation is high, and combined with the combined diagnosis overcomes the defect of tumor-related antigen specificity, and can be used for the early stage of malignant tumor.
  • the content of the invention is also very meaningful for the development of cancer prevention and treatment in China.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-throughput immunoassay method, a measuring instrument and a malignant tumor electrochemical sieve capable of simultaneously measuring a plurality of tumor markers based on electrochemical analysis techniques. Check with early diagnostic equipment.
  • the electrochemical screening and early diagnosis instrument for malignant tumors is shown in Figure 1. It consists of an eight-channel immunoassay chip (1), a time-resolved multichannel potentiostat (2), and a data processing and display system (3);
  • the immunoassay chip (1) is connected to the time-resolved multi-channel potentiostat (2) through an interface, and the data processing and display system (3) is also connected to the time-resolved multi-channel potentiometer (2) through the port;
  • Eight-channel immunoassay chip including functionalized membranes for immobilizing different tumor-associated antigens and eight working electrodes modified by these functionalized membranes (Ml, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8), Ag/ AgCl reference electrode (b) and carbon counter electrode (c), silver wire (a), insulating film (d), as shown in Figure 2.
  • the chip (1) is directly connected to the time-resolved multi-channel potentiostat (2) for measurement.
  • Electrochemical screening of malignant tumors and electrochemical detection of early diagnostic instruments Based on the competitive reaction mode, a mixture of sample (antigen) and a specific concentration of various enzyme-labeled antibody solutions is used as an incubation solution on the immunochip.
  • the immobilized different antigens and sample antigens compete for the corresponding horseradish peroxidase-labeled enzyme-labeled antibody in the reaction incubation solution, thereby immobilizing horseradish peroxidase on the electrode surface, catalyzing H 2 0 2 and electron transport medium
  • the reaction of the body indirectly detecting the content of the antigen to be tested by the magnitude of the catalytic current.
  • the time-resolved multi-channel potentiostat designed by the invention uses a single potentiostat system to change the order of the working electrodes on the detecting chip in a short time by designing a control system, and obtains multiple objects simultaneously (multiple tumors).
  • the information of the content, and the peak shape curve image shows that the peak shape curve of the various tumor marker contents in the detected sample is compared with its corresponding threshold value, and finally the image is displayed as a qualitative and The quantitative results are shown in Figure 3.
  • the usual potentiostat shows the peak shape result in Fig. 3.
  • the peak current value can be given, and the working curve can be used to obtain the concentration of the test object.
  • the present invention sets a threshold value through experiments and clinical comparisons, and displays an electrochemical immune amperometric detection signal obtained by the multi-channel electrochemical detection chip.
  • a sample with a peak signal exceeding the threshold of 15% is set to a black book, indicating positive; a peak signal near the threshold of 15% of the sample is set to a semi-black 0, indicating suspicious; a sample with a peak signal below the threshold of 15% is set to white 0, indicating Negative and display qualitative and quantitative results in the form of images (see Figure 3).
  • the present invention combines the immobilized antigen on the immunochip and the sample antigen to compete with the horseradish peroxidase-labeled enzyme-labeled antibody in the reaction incubation solution, thereby allowing the horseradish peroxidase to react to the electrode.
  • the surface thereby catalyzing the reaction of H 2 O 2 with the electron transporting medium, indirectly detecting the content of the antigen to be tested by the magnitude of the catalytic current.
  • the method does not require special instrument detection, has a short detection cycle, simple operation steps, is easy to be automated, and is intelligent, and is convenient for non-professionals.
  • the invention combines chemical modification, micro-machining and screen printing technologies to develop an immunochip which can prepare a batch of multi-tumor markers at the same time and rapidly measure, not only reduces the consumption of samples and reagents to microliters, but also shortens the temperature. Time is spent, sample consumption is reduced, and multiple tumor markers can be measured at one time, reducing the cost of the assay, increasing the speed and efficiency of the assay.
  • the invention proposes the concept of time detection of electrochemical detection, and develops a multi-channel potentiostat with time-resolved multi-channel potentiostat.
  • sequential detection the signals of the samples on different detection electrodes on the chip are obtained, and the "simultaneous" is obtained.
  • Information on the content of multiple subjects multiple tumor markers).
  • the invention introduces the combined diagnosis concept and displays the detection results obtained by the multi-channel electrochemical detection chip, and provides screening results for early diagnosis and breakthrough of tumor-related antigen-specific defects.
  • the diagnostic instrument is low in cost, miniaturized and intelligent, and promotes the popularization and outdoorization of immunological detection technology and early diagnosis of malignant tumors, and has broad application prospects in large-scale screening and prognosis monitoring.
  • IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electrochemical screening and early diagnosis of malignant tumors
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of an eight-channel immunoassay chip
  • FIG. Schematic diagram of electrochemical screening and early diagnosis of malignant tumors
  • Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8 represent the measured concentrations of the eight tumor markers, respectively.
  • a substrate integrated with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a carbon counter electrode and a plurality of (8) carbon working electrodes is printed on a PVC film by screen printing technology, and the electrode is printed by first printing a silver conductive layer on the PVC film. And then printing an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (b) on the reference electrode to form an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (b) at the working electrode
  • the carbon paste is printed on the carbon counter electrode to form 8 carbon working electrodes M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 and carbon counter electrode (c), and finally printed with green oil insulating film (d) .
  • the green oil insulating film (d) protects the silver conductive layer (a) as well as the volume of the reaction.
  • the chitosan powder was sonicated in a 1% acetic acid solution to prepare a 1% chitosan solution, and a certain concentration of the standard tumor marker (antigen) solution to be tested was proportional to the 1% chitosan solution.
  • the mixture was uniformly mixed and placed at 4 ° C for 12 hours, and the mixed solution was pipetted onto the surface of the working electrode to obtain eight working electrodes containing functionalized membrane modifications immobilized with different tumor-associated antigen molecules.
  • the malignant tumor electrochemical screening and early diagnosis instrument utilizes amperometric analysis method, combined with competitive immunoassay method, to rapidly and freely detect tumor markers.
  • amperometric analysis method combined with competitive immunoassay method, to rapidly and freely detect tumor markers.
  • enzyme-labeled antibody immunoreacts with the antigen molecule on the functionalized membrane of the antigen molecule immobilized on the electrode surface after incubation. Connect to the electrode surface.
  • the immobilized HRP can catalyze the reaction of 02 in the solution with the electron transporting medium, so that a catalytic current for catalyzing the oxidation of 0 2 can be obtained on the working electrode, and the catalytic current is inversely proportional to the content of the antigen to be tested in the solution.
  • the content of the antigen to be tested in the solution can be obtained indirectly by the response value of the catalytic current.
  • Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA
  • alpha-fetoprotein AFP
  • ovarian cancer-associated antigen CA125
  • breast cancer-associated antigen CA153
  • pancreatic gastrointestinal cancer marker CA199
  • cancer marker CA50
  • digestive system Cancer markers CA242
  • Yulie adenocarcinoma specific antigen PSA
  • the chitosan powder was ultrasonically dissolved in a 1% acetic acid solution to prepare a 1% chitosan solution.
  • the standard solutions of CEA, AFP, CA125, CA153, CA199, CA50, CA242, and PSA were uniformly mixed with the 1% chitosan solution at a ratio of 1:1 (V:V) and allowed to stand at 4 °C for 12 hours.
  • the above mixed solutions were each applied dropwise to the surface of eight working electrodes and dried at room temperature for 5-6 hours. 4 X Store in a dry condition for use.

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Description

恶性肿瘤电化学筛查与早期诊断仪 一、 技术领域 本发明涉及一种医疗诊断仪器, 具体地说是涉及一种肿瘤标志物的免疫测定及 快速电化学筛査与早期诊断仪。 二、 背景技术 免疫分析是利用抗原 /抗体之间高特异性的反应实现对抗体、 抗原或相关物质 进行检测的一种高灵敏度、 高选择性的方法, 它为血清肿瘤标志物的临床免疫测定 提供了有力手段。通常血清肿瘤标志物的临床免疫测定方法大多采用 "双抗体夹心" 法, 如放射免疫分析法、 酶标法、 时间分辨荧光法、 化学发光和电化学发光法等。 由于放射免疫分析法的放射性危害和试剂寿命的局限性, 非放射性标记的免疫分析 方法相继得到发展。 这些方法极大地促进了临床免疫检测项目的推陈出新和检测手 段的自动化、 ½能化和网络化。 然而, 这些方法需采用专用包被板 (管), 检测过程 需要较长时间的温育、 多次洗板和专用仪器检测, 检测周期长, 操作步骤繁琐, 成 本高。 尽管己出现全自动免疫分析仪, 但可同时检测标志物的数目有限, 仪器和试 剂也相当昂贵, 难以推广使用, 因而在恶性肿瘤的早期诊断、 预后监测和大规模筛 査方面的应用受到限制。
近年来, 随着基因芯片和蛋白质芯片的发展, 免疫芯片得到人们的关注。 已有 公司推出利用化学发光和 CCD方法结合能同时检测 13个肿瘤标志物的仪器,但该仪 器价格十分昂贵, 在定量检测方面也存在局限性, 因而难以推广。 如何简化操作步 骤, 缩短分析时间, 降低测定成本, 发展新的免疫检测技术, 提高检测手段的灵敏 度、 准确性, 研制高通量的多肿瘤标志物检测仪以适应对恶性肿瘤的大规模筛查、 早期诊断和预后监测的需要是亟待解决的问题。
电化学分析具有许多优越性,如测试探头可微型化, 不受体系浊度和颜色影响, 方法灵敏度高、 速度快、 花费低、 危害小等。 它还具有检测仪器简单、 易于微型化 的特点, 且其中的安培检测信号强度与待测物质的浓度有线性关系, 线性范围宽、 灵敏度高, 因而在高通量多肿瘤标志物检测方面具有潜力, 2005年有可同时测定 2 种肿瘤标志物的电化学免疫分析方法的报道,这些作者在 2006年又进一步提出了多 标志物同时电化学免疫分析的方法。 这些方法有一定实用性, 但因不能直观地给出 浓度值, 也不能提供在芯片分析中普遍实用的图像结果, 更未突破肿瘤相关抗原特 异性的缺陷, 开发出检测仪器, 并推广使用。
丝网印刷技术以其墨层厚覆盖力强、适合各种类型的油墨、印刷方式灵活多样、 不受承印物大小和性状的限制等特点己广泛用于电化学传感器制备方面, 所获得的 一次性电极成本低, 样品和试剂的消耗量少, 相互间重复性好, 结果准确、 可靠, 在 25°C干燥条件下, 传感器能获得很好的稳定性。 利用该技术和电化学分析方法, 本发明提出了能同时快速测定多种肿瘤标志物的多通道电化学检测芯片, 并根据恶 性肿瘤筛查与早期诊断的需要, 通过实验和临床对照, 设置阈值, 将图像结果与联 合诊断相结合, 用该芯片进一步研制恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪。 该仪器可 将安培检测信号转变为直观的图像结果, 以便于非专业人士使用。 同时, 可直观地 报道与病程相关的多种肿瘤标志物的浓度值, 以便进行病程监测。
该发明包括多通道电化学检测芯片和多通道电化学检测仪器, 报告结果直观, 检测成本低廉, 自动化程度高, 与联合诊断相结合克服了肿瘤相关抗原特异性的缺 陷, 可进行恶性肿瘤的早期发现、 早期诊断和病程监测, 实现检测的普及化和家庭 化, 以提高癌症防治资源的利用效率, 对我国肿瘤防治事业的发展也非常有意义。 三、 发明内容'
1. 本发明目的是: 提供一种以电化学分析技术为基础, 可同时对多种肿瘤标志 物进行测定的高通量免疫检测方法、 测定仪器和直观显示电化学结果的恶性肿瘤电 化学筛査与早期诊断仪。
2. 技术方案
1 ) 恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪:
恶性肿瘤电化学筛查与早期诊断仪如图 1所示, 由八通道免疫测定芯片 (1 ) , 时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (2) 和数据处理与显示系统 (3 ) 所组成; 八通道免疫测 定芯片 (1 ) 通过接口与时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (2) 相连接, 数据处理与显示系 统 (3 ) 通过 ^口也与时间分辨多通道很电位仪 (2) 相连接;
2 )八通道免疫测定芯片, 包括分别固定不同肿瘤相关抗原的功能化膜和这些功 能化膜修饰的八个工作电极 (Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4、 M5、 M6、 M7、 M8) 、 Ag/AgCl 参比 电极 (b) 和碳对电极 (c ), 银导线 (a)、 绝缘膜 (d), 如图 2所示。 该芯片 (1 ) 通过接口直接插时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (2 ) 上进行测量。 3) 恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪的电化学检测原理: 基于竞争反应模式, 将样品 (抗原) 和特定浓度的多种酶标抗体溶液的混合液作为温育液, 利用免疫芯 片上固定的不同抗原和样品抗原竞争反应温育液中相对应的辣根过氧化物酶标记的 酶标抗体, 从而使辣根过氧化物酶固定在电极表面, 催化 H202与电子传递媒介体 的反应, 通过催化电流的大小间接检测待测抗原的含量。
4) 这一过程通过研制的时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (图 1中第 2个部件) 实现。 通常的恒电位仪一次操作只能检测 1个样品, 而己商品化的多通道恒电位仪包括多 个恒电位系统, 成本较高, 而且同时检测对象的数目直接取决于恒电位系统数, 不 利于提高实用性。本发明设计的时间分辨多通道恒电位仪,使用单个恒电位仪系统, 通过设计控制系统, 在较短时间内改变检测芯片上工作电极的顺序, 获得 "同时" 获得多个对象 (多种肿瘤标志物) 含量的信息, 并以峰形曲线图像显示将检测到的 样品中的各种肿瘤标志物含量的峰形曲线与其相应的阈值相比, 通过软件处理后最 后以图像的形式显示定性和定量结果, 如图 3所示。
通常的恒电位仪显示出图 3中峰形结果, 通过自动处理, 可给出峰电流值, 利 用工作曲线, 检测者可获得检测对象的浓度。
5)数据处理与显示系统: 本发明根据恶性肿瘤筛查与早期诊断的需要, 通过实 验和临床对照, 设置阈值, 将多通道电化学检测芯片得到的电化学免疫安培检测信 号进行图像显示。 将峰信号超过阈值 15%的样品设置为黑色書, 表示阳性; 峰信号 在阈值附近 15%的样品设置为半黑色 0, 表示可疑; 峰信号低于阈值 15%的样品设 置为白色 0, 表示阴性, 并以图像的形式显示定性和定量结果 (见图 3)。
6)进一步将联合诊断概念引入结果显示,自动分析多种肿瘤标志物的检测结果, 提出筛查结果, 进行早期诊断。 同时利用定量结果进行病程监测。 提出的恶性肿瘤 电化学筛查与早期诊断仪克服了肿瘤相关抗原特异性的缺陷, 检测成本低, 可便于 非专业人士使用。
3. 有益效果
1 ) 本发明结合竞争免疫分析方法, 利用免疫芯片上固定的抗原和样品抗原竞 争反应温育液中的辣根过氧化物酶标记的酶标抗体, 从而使辣根过氧化物酶反应到 电极表面, 从而催化 H202与电子传递媒介体的反应, 通过催化电流的大小间接检测 待测抗原的含量。 该方法无需专用仪器检测, 检测周期短, 操作步骤简单, 易于自 动化、 智能化, 便于非专业人士使用。 2 ) 本发明结合化学修饰、 微加工和丝网印刷等技术发展了可批量制备的一次 性多肿瘤标志物同时快速测定的免疫芯片, 不仅将样品和试剂的耗量降至微升, 缩 短温育时间, 减少样品消耗, 且可以一次完成多种肿瘤标志物的测定, 降低测定成 本, 提高检测速度和效率。
3 ) 本发明提出了电化学检测时间分辨的概念, 研制出时间分辨多通道恒电 位仪多通道恒电位仪, 通过顺序检测, 获得芯片上不同检测电极上样品的信号, 得 到 "同时"获得多个对象 (多种肿瘤标志物) 含量的信息。
4) 电化学结果的图像显示。 通过临床对照, 获得相应的阈值, 利用阔值与信 号对比, 以图像的形式显示定性和定量结果。
5 ) 本发明将联合诊断概念引入结果显示, 将多通道电化学检测芯片得到的检 测结果进行分析处理, 提出筛査结果, 进行早期诊断, 突破肿瘤相关抗原特异性的 缺陷。
该诊断仪成本低廉, 可微型化, 智能化, 以推进免疫检测技术和恶性肿瘤早期 诊断普及化和室外化, 在大规模筛査和预后监测方面具有广阔的应用前景。 四、 附图说明 图 1. 恶性肿瘤电化学筛选与早期诊断仪结构示意图
( 1 ) 一八通道免疫测定芯片, (2) —时间分辨多通道恒电位仪, (3 ) —数据处 理与显示系统
图 2. 八通道免疫测定芯片的结构示意图
(a) — Ag导线, (b ) 一 Ag/AgCl参比电极, (c )碳对电极, ( d) 一绝缘膜, Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4、 M5、 M6、 M7、 M8分别表示固定有不同抗原功能化膜的八个工作电极。
图 3. 恶性肿瘤电化学筛选与早期诊断仪的分析检测过程示意图
參一阳性 (警告) 、 0—可疑、 0阴性 (排除) 。 Cl、 C2、 C3、 C4、 C5、 C6、 C7、 C8分别表示测得的八个肿瘤标志物的浓度。 五、 具体实施方式
1. 八通道免疫测定芯片的制备
利用丝网印刷技术在的 PVC薄膜上印刷整合有 Ag/AgCl参比电极、 碳对电极和 多个 (8个) 碳工作电极的基片, 电极的制作是先在 PVC薄膜上印刷银导电层, 然 后在参比电极的部位上印刷上 Ag/AgCl浆形成 Ag/AgCl参比电极(b) , 在工作电极 和碳对电极的部位上印刷上碳浆形成 8个碳工作电极 Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4、 M5、 M6、 M7、 M8 和碳对电极 (c ) , 最后印刷上绿油绝缘膜 (d) 。 绿油绝缘膜 (d) 既可以保护 银导电层 (a) , 也可以控制反应的体积。
2. 抗原分子功能化膜的制备
将壳聚糖粉末在 1%的醋酸溶液中超声溶解配制成 1%的壳聚糖溶液,将一定浓度 的标准待测肿瘤标志物 (抗原) 溶液与该 1%的壳聚糖溶液以一定比例混合均匀并在 4 °C下放置 12小时, 吸取 1 该混合溶液滴涂于工作电极表面, 获得包含固定不 同肿瘤相关抗原分子功能化膜修饰的八个工作电极。
3. 肿瘤标志物的测定
3. 1测定原理
该恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪利用安培分析法, 结合竞争免疫分析方 法, 对肿瘤标志物进行快速免分离测定。 当温育液中只存在适量辣根过氧化酶标记 肿瘤标志物抗体 (酶标抗体) 时, 温育后酶标抗体与电极表面固定的抗原分子功能 化膜上的抗原分子发生免疫反应使其连接到电极表面。 此时固定化的 HRP能催化溶 液中 02与电子传递媒介体反应, 从而可以在工作电极上获得催化 02氧化的催化 电流, 并且该催化电流与溶液中待测抗原含量成反比。 通过催化电流的响应值可以 间接获得溶液 待测抗原的含量。
3. 2测定过程
( 1 )交叉干扰反应实验。在本全自动恶性肿瘤电化学筛查与早期诊断仪中用了 八通道的免疫检测芯片。 为了防止各个电极之间可能发生的交叉干扰反应, 设计一 系列工作电极间距离不同的免疫检测芯片, 选择出在检测中不产生交叉干扰的最小 电极间距。
(2) 免疫测定条件的优化, 包括温育时间、 温育温度、 ρΗ值、 测定溶液中 02 和电子传递媒介体的浓度和反应溶液中酶标抗体的量。
( 3 ) 配制一系列含不同浓度的待测抗原标准溶液和固定量酶标记抗体的温育 液, 在最佳测定条件下, 分别测定出标记酶催化 Η202与电子传递媒介体的反应的催 化电流, 得到该待测抗原的测定标准曲线。
(4)在最佳测定条件下, 温育含待测抗原和固定量酶标记抗体, 测定标记酶催 化 Η202与电子传递媒介体反应的催化电流, 在该抗原测定的标准曲线上查出相应的 浓度。 ( 5 )把测得的实际样品中的肿瘤标志物的浓度与其相应的阈值相比较, 设计处 理软件, 将峰信号超过阈值 15%的样品设置为红色, 表示阳性; 峰信号在阈值附近 15%的样品设置为橙色, 表示可疑; 峰信号低于阈值 15%的样品设置为蓝色, 表示阴 性。 以图像的形式显示定性和定量结果。
(6 ) 将催化电流信号和阈值信号对比, 以图像颜色显示定性检测结果。
( 7 )将联合诊断概念引入结果显示, 将多通道电化学检测芯片得到的检测结果 进行分析处理, 提出筛査结果。
3. 3具体实施例:
以癌胚抗原 (CEA)、 甲胎蛋白 (AFP)、 卵巢癌相关抗原 (CA125)、 乳腺癌相关 抗原 (CA153)、 胰胃肠癌标志物(CA199)、 癌症标志物(CA50)、 消化系统癌症标志 物(CA242)、 俞列腺癌特异抗原(PSA)为例说明恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪 的应用。
1) 恶性肿瘤电化学筛査与早期诊断仪的检测芯片的制备
将壳聚糖粉末在 1%的醋酸溶液中超声溶解配制成 1%的壳聚糖溶液。 CEA、 AFP、 CA125, CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242、 PSA标准溶液分别与该 1%的壳聚糖溶液以 1 : 1 (V : V) 混合均匀并在 4 °C下放置 12 小时。 上述混合溶液各取 分别滴涂于八个 工作电极表面, 室温下干燥 5-6 小时。 4 X 干燥的情况下保存待用。
2) CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242. PSA的测定
( 1 ) 测定条件的优化: 分别改变温育时间、 温育温度、 pH值、 测定溶液中 H202 和硫堇的浓度以及反应溶液中各种酶标抗体的量, 选择最大电流响应时相应的量作 为最佳测定条件。
( 2 ) CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242、 PSA 的测定: 在优化的 实验条件下, 分别将一系列标准 CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199\ CA50、 CA242、 PSA 抗原和固定量酶标抗体的温育液, 加入全自动恶性肿瘤电化学筛查与早期诊断 仪的免疫检测芯片中进行温育, 温育完后测定标记 HRP催化氧化 H202的催化电流, 分别获得 CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242、 PSA测定的标准曲线, 从而测定样品中 CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242、 PSA各种抗原的 浓度。
( 3 ) 把测定的样品中的 CEA、 AFP、 CA125、 CA153、 CA199、 CA50、 CA242、 PSA 抗原的浓度分别与它们各自的阈值相比, 通过软件处理, 直接将检测信号转换为浓 度值和筛査结果显示。
(4) 分析不同肿瘤标志物的浓度, 利用联合诊断提出筛查结果。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种恶性肿瘤电化学筛选查与早期诊断仪, 其特征是它由八通道免疫测定芯 片 (1 ) , 时间分辨多通道恒电位仪(2)和数据处理与显示系统(3)所组成; 八通 道免疫测定芯片 (1 ) 通过接口与时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (2 ) 相连接, 时间分辨 多通道恒电位仪 (2) 通过接口与数据处理与显示系统 (3) 相连接; 八通道免疫测 定芯片(1 ),包括分别固定不同肿瘤相关抗原的功能化膜修饰的八个工作电极(Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4、 M5、 M6、 M7、 8) 、 Ag/AgCl参比电极 (b) 和碳对电极 (c), 银导线
(a)、 绝缘膜 '(d), 该芯片 (1 )通过接口直接插入时间分辨多通道恒电位仪 (2 ) 上进行测量, 并由数据处理与显示系统 (3) 以图像颜色显示定性检测结果。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的恶性肿瘤电化学筛选査与早期诊断仪, 其特征在于所 述的时间分辨多通道恒电位仪, 使用单个恒电位仪系统, 通过设计控制系统, 在较 短时间内改变检测芯片上工作电极的顺序, 获得 "同时"获得多个对象 (多种肿瘤 标志物) 含量的信息。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的恶性肿瘤电化学筛选査与早期诊断仪, 其特征在于所 述的八通道免疫测定芯片(1 )是在 PVC薄膜上印刷银导电层, 然后在参比电极部位 上印刷上 Ag/AgCl浆形成 Ag/AgCl参比电极 (b), 再在工作电极和碳对电极位置上 印刷上碳浆形 ¾ 8个碳工作电极 Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4、 M5、 M6、 M7、 M8和碳对电极(c) 、 最后印刷上绿油绝缘膜 (d) 。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的恶性肿瘤电化学筛选查与早期诊断仪, 特征在于利用 图像颜色显示电化学定性检测结果, 它通过与阈值相比较, 设计处理软件, 将峰信 号超过阈值 15%的样品设置为红色(秦) , 表示阳性; 峰信号在阈值附近 15%的样品 设置为橙色 ( 0 ) , 表示可疑; 峰信号低于阈值 15%的样品设置为蓝色 ( 0 ) , 表 示阴性。 并可获得定量结果。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的恶性肿瘤电化学筛选查与早期诊断仪, 其特征在于所 述的功能膜修饰的工作电极是将壳聚糖粉沫在 1%的醋酸溶液中超声溶解配制成 1% 的壳聚糖溶液;将标准待测肿瘤标志物即抗原溶液与 1 %的壳聚糖溶液以 1 : KV/V) 混合均匀在 4 Ό下放置 12小时, 吸 1 μί该混合液滴涂于工作电极表面, 获得包含 固定不同肿瘤相关抗原分子功能化膜修饰的八个工作电极。
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