WO2007119694A1

WO2007119694A1 - Method for processing squeezed residue of palm fruit and/or mesocarp thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2007119694A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/057742
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shosuke Oku
Original assignee: The Osaka Senior Creation College
Priority date: 2006-04-11
Filing date: 2007-04-06
Publication date: 2007-10-25
Also published as: JP2009191084A

Abstract

It is intended to provide a method for processing a squeezed residue of palm fruit and/or mesocarp thereof which contributes to the solution of an environmental pollution problem by reducing waste generated in palm oil production from palm, effectively utilizing a waste component and reducing the burden of waste fluid processing. The squeezed residue of palm fruit and/or mesocarp thereof is soaked in a buffer salt solution in pH 5 or higher and lower than 10 at a temperature not lower than the melting point of palm oil and is separated into 3 layers consisting of a floating component, a dissolved component and a precipitating component. Among them, palm oil can be recovered from the floating component. Further, by fractionating and processing the dissolved component, pectin contained in the dissolved component can be isolated. As the buffer salt, a salt of weak acid and strong base is preferable.

Description

Specification

Processing method of palm coconut fruit and z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon

Technical field

[oooi] The present invention relates to a method for treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon. Specifically, in the production of vegetable oils and palm oils, which are increasingly used in the food sector, etc., the amount of waste generated is reduced, and the waste components are effectively used, that is, oils (palm oil) and pectin. It relates to a method of processing palm coconut fruit and Z or its mesocarp squeezed cocoon that contributes to reducing the load of separation and wastewater treatment.

Background art

[0002] Palm oil is the world's second-largest production after soybean oil as a vegetable oil, and its use has expanded to margarine, shortening, instant foods, cakes, edible oils, sarcophagus, and surfactants. About 30 million tons are produced in Z years. Its raw material is oil palm (also called palm palm), which originates from the West African rainforest, and is cultivated by Tenera species, DURA species, and their hybrids. Approximately 4 tons of palm oil (mesodermal component) and 0.5 tons of kernel oil (seed component) can be obtained per hectare. The amount of oil produced per unit area is more than 10 times that of soybean oil, more than any oil plant. In this way, oil palm is cultivated more and more, and the use of processed foods is expanding, so the area of cultivation tends to increase.

[0003] A lot of fruits are grown in oil palm bunches (FRESH FRUIT BUNCH—hereinafter referred to as FFB). After harvesting, the bunches are sterilized, threshed, removed, and the remaining empty Fruit bunches (EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH—hereinafter referred to as EFB) and shells are made into compost. The fruit is pressed, and crushed palm oil is squeezed from the flesh (MESOCARP) with a screw press or the like to separate the fruit rind (DRY MESOCARP, hereinafter referred to as DM) and seeds. The seed is shelled off to obtain kernel oil. DM and shell are used as boiler fuel. With mechanical compression such as a screw press, the yield of oil from fruits is up to 80% by weight, and the remaining 20% by weight is left in DM.

[0004] To obtain 100 palm oil, empty fruit bunch 130, fruit mesocarp 50, shell 30, waste About 200 wastes are generated. Solid waste has been incinerated in the past, but smoke damage has become a major problem. Since 1993, incineration has been banned and composted. However, in composting, in addition to the generation of methane, secondary problems such as ignition due to illegal dumping and damage caused by large-scale power beetles have occurred.

[0005] Currently, waste countermeasures are progressing, EFB is generated by pulp, molded products, and a dedicated firing plant, DM is being used for boiler fuel, and the problem of accumulation is still remaining.

[0006] DM is about 15 million tons, which is close to 30 million tons of crude oil discharged in the world, and some of it is used as boiler fuel and livestock feed. In the situation where it is stored or disposed of, the environmental pollution problem of agricultural waste remains.

[0007] Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-269639) discloses a method for reducing the amount of waste in the palm oil production process. However, this method removes oil as an active ingredient. It relates to the later aqueous solution (palm oil serum) and does not solve problems such as weight loss of DM and other waste.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-269639

Disclosure of the invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. By reducing the amount of waste generated when palm oil is produced from palm palm, effectively using waste components, and reducing the load of waste liquid treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed straw that can contribute to the resolution of the environmental pollution problem.

Means for solving the problem

[ooio] In view of the above problems, the present inventor has conducted extensive studies on a method for treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon, and as a result, immersed them in a buffered salt solution under specific conditions. By doing this, it was possible to easily separate into three layers of floating component, dissolved component, and precipitated component, and furthermore, it was found that useful substances could be separated from each component and collected for effective use. That is, the present invention has the following features.

[0012] 1. A method for treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon, wherein the palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon have a pH of less than 5 to 10 and a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of palm oil. A treatment method characterized by immersing in a buffered salt solution set to 1 and separating into three layers of floating component, dissolved component, and precipitated component.

[0013] 2. A method for treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon, wherein the palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon have a pH of less than 5 to 10 and a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of palm oil. Soaked in a buffered salt solution set to, and separated into three layers of suspended component, dissolved component, and precipitated component, then the precipitated solids were removed to obtain two layers of suspended component and dissolved component. Characteristic processing method.

[0014] A treatment method characterized by separating the suspended components obtained by the treatment method according to Item 1. or Item 2. and collecting palm oil contained in the suspended components.

[0015] Separating and collecting the pectin by separating the dissolved component obtained by the treatment method described in Item 4. or Item 2, and mixing the dissolved component with an alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms. A processing method characterized by

[0016] The dissolved component obtained by the treatment method described in Item 1 or Item 2 is collected, and the pectate is separated by mixing the dissolved component with a metal salt and washed with an acid. Separating and collecting the pectin.

[0017] 6. The treatment method according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the buffer salt includes a salt of a weak acid and a strong base.

[0018] 7. As the buffer salt, a polybasic acid selected from oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia Item 7. The processing method according to any one of Items 1 to 6, which comprises at least one selected salt with a strong base.

The invention's effect

[0019] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce waste generated during palm palm power production, reduce environmental pollution problems, and further effectively use by-products.

[0020] Specifically, the floating component is oil and fat (palm oil) or powdered cellulose. . This floating component force Palm oil can be collected by removing the powdered cellulose or returning the floating component as it is to the oil production line with a float pump.

[0021] The dissolved portion is composed of components dissolved in a buffer salt solution, and includes pectin, sugar and the like. Pectins can be separated by, for example, a method of mixing alcohol such as ethanol with this dissolved component. Also, pectin can be separated and collected by washing the becinate formed by mixing a metal salt with a dissolved component with an acid. The collected pectin can be used effectively anew.

[0022] The precipitated portion is also made of woody cellulose. This part can be used for boiler fuel as boiler fuel.

[0023] According to the method of the present invention, the amount of incinerated DM is reduced to 1Z10. Also, 15 to 40% by weight of oil (palm oil) is collected from DM, and 3 to 30% by weight of pectin is used.

[0024] In the present invention, the palm palm fruit itself, which is washed with DM alone, is intensively treated to separate the liquid in a normal palm oil production process, thereby separating and effectively using pectin and the like. Along with this, the waste liquid treatment load can be reduced. The present invention also makes a great contribution in terms of economic effects.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

[0026] DM of palm palm is a plant cell force, and in addition to fats and oils, fatty acids and sugars, intracellular components include carotene, tocopherols, sterols, phospholipids, terpenes and the like. Cell walls composed of cellulose are bound by pectin, and the pectin intercellular bonds are crosslinked by calcium, zinc, boron, and the like. In the present invention, by removing such cross-links in the cell wall using a chelating buffer salt under suitable conditions, palm palm fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed koji are made into floating components, dissolved components, and precipitates. It can be easily separated into layers, and each component contained in each layer can be used effectively.

[0027] In the present invention, in order to facilitate separation of each layer, a buffer salt solution is used in which the pH is set to 5 to: less than LO and the temperature is set to the melting point or higher of palm oil.

[0028] The buffer salt used in the buffer salt solution is preferably a salt of a weak acid and a strong base, specifically Preferred is a salt of a polybasic acid selected from succinic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid, and a strong base selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia power. It is. As such a salt, a substance having a high chelating ability with pectin is preferred, for example, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, monosodium phosphate. , Disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium borate, potassium borate, ammonium borate , Potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, ammonium tartrate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, ammonium citrate, sodium malate, potassium malate, ammonium malate, potassium succinate, sodium succinate, succinate Acid ammonia can be used. These salts can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In such a substance, compared with sodium monobasic acid such as sodium acetate, the pectin chelate-forming ability is increased, and the amount of pectin separated is increased, so that three-layer separation can be performed efficiently.

[0029] The concentration of the buffer salt solution is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, in order to perform layer separation promptly.

[0030] When DM or the like is immersed in a buffer salt solution, the temperature of the buffer salt solution is set to be equal to or higher than the melting point of palm oil. That is, in the present invention, the temperature is set so that the palm oil becomes liquid during the dipping process. Palm oil contained in DM etc. is a natural product, and its melting point varies depending on the palm palm production area, weather conditions at the time of growth, etc., but is usually around 30-60 ° C. The temperature of the buffer salt solution may be appropriately determined according to the melting point of the palm oil to be used. The dipping step is usually performed under heating, and the temperature of the buffer salt solution is preferably set to 30 ° C or higher, more preferably 50 to 90 ° C, and further preferably 70 to 85 ° C. Such a temperature setting speeds up the layer separation and prevents the deterioration of various components. The dipping process can also be performed with stirring.

[0031] In general, bectin is separated and produced from apples and citrus fruits with acid. However, DM has a large amount of fat and oil and strong intercellular bonds. Therefore, pH 5 to: less than LO, preferably pH 5 to 9, more preferably pH 6 It is suitable to separate with the buffered salt solution at ˜8. Under acidic conditions below pH 5, pectin degradation and molecular weight reduction proceed, and the amount of pectin separated is reduced. PH Under alkaline conditions of 10 or more, only pectin acid is generated and cell-cell separation does not proceed! Therefore, the amount of pectin is reduced. Furthermore, oils and fats are oxidized and become solid, and it is difficult to separate them into three layers.

[0032] Applications of pectin include, for example, food industry such as jam, ice cream and yogurt, adhesives, medical capsule materials, feed and paints, building materials, cross-linking materials such as paper and fiber processing, and gelling materials. Etc.

[0033] In the present invention, after the dipping step, the residual solid content (precipitated component) can be removed, and the two layers of the floating component and the dissolved component can be separated. In this process, for example, a method of squeezing with a filter press, a screwless, etc. may be adopted.

[0034] Further, by separating the floating component, palm oil contained in the floating component can be collected. When fractionating the suspended component separated above the dissolved component, for example, a scraper pump or the like can be used. With regard to the separated floating component, palm oil can be collected by removing the powdered cellulose contained in the floating component, or by returning the floating component to the oil production line with a float pump as it is.

[0035] Separation of pectin having a soluble component strength. Collection can be performed according to a conventional method such as precipitation separation with alcohol or separation with a metal salt. Of these, in precipitation separation with alcohol, an aqueous solution containing pectin chelated with a buffer salt is mixed with an alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, butanol, or ethylene glycol. As such alcohol, ethanol and methanol are particularly suitable.

[0036] When a pectate is prepared by mixing a metal salt with a dissolved component, various metal salts such as calcium salt, zinc salt and copper salt can be used. Among these, salty zinc and salty calcium are preferable. In particular, calcium chloride is preferred. This method separates and precipitates pectate.

[0037] Further, pectin can be separated and purified by washing the bectinate with an acid such as hydrochloric acid. For example, when calcium chloride is used as a metal salt, calcium pectate is separated and precipitated, and the calcium pectate is purified and separated by acid washing. Example

[0038] Examples are given below to clarify the features of the present invention. In addition, what was obtained from palm oil refinery | purification factory (Malaysia) was used as DM in an Example.

[0039] (Example 1)

DM3g was immersed in 40ml of 1% by weight sodium hexametaphosphate solution, adjusted to pH 6, stirred in a flask at 75 ° C for 3 hours, and separated into three layers: suspended component, dissolved component, and precipitated component. This was separated into a precipitation component and a liquid component by filtration. The liquid component consisting of two layers was separated into a suspended component and a dissolved component (buffered salt aqueous solution) with a separatory funnel.

[0040] As for suspended components, the cellulose was removed by a simple centrifugal method to obtain palm oil. When the infrared absorption spectrum of the obtained palm oil was confirmed, it was the same absorption spectrum as commercially available edible palm oil. The yield was 0.6g.

[0041] 0.8 g of pectin was separated by mixing ethanol with the dissolved component.

[0042] The precipitation component was 0.2 g of woody cellulose. When this woody cellulose was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and NMR, the component was low crystalline cellulose.

[0043] (Example 2)

The treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 g of DM, 1 wt% ammonium oxalate as a buffer salt, and pH 7 were used, and separated into three layers.

[0044] Of these, 0.5 g of palm oil was obtained from the suspended components. When the spectral absorption spectrum of this palm oil was confirmed, it was found to be rich in carotene and vitamin E.

[0045] For the dissolved component, 0.5 g of pectin was separated by adding 1% by weight of calcium chloride and washing the precipitate with 1N acid.

[0046] The yield of precipitated wood was 0.2 g.

[0047] (Example 3)

Use sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate as buffer salts, soak 50 ml of DM2g in 2% by weight aqueous solution (pH 6.8), heat to 75 ° C for 2 hours, and filter with a press. Squeeze to remove 0.2 g of solids.

[0048] For the filtrate that also has floating component and dissolved component strength, the floating component is separated by a float pump, and in the same manner as in Example 1, powdered cellulose is precipitated by centrifugation, and palm oil 0.7. g was obtained.

[0049] For the remaining dissolved components, the same amount of ethanol was added, and the resulting precipitate was washed with ethanol to separate 0.8 g of pectin.

[0050] (Example 4)

The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out except that DM3g was immersed in 50 ml of an aqueous solution prepared in PH7 with 1% by weight of sodium acetate and stirred at 75 ° C for 4 hours. 0.2 g of palmoil, 0 g of pectin 0 I got lg.

[0051] (Example 5)

The unshelled palm coconut fruit was sliced, and the lg was immersed in 10 ml (pH 6) of a 1% by weight sodium hexametaphosphate solution at 50 ° C. overnight. This was squeezed with a filter press to obtain 0.35 g of oil (palm oil) and 0.3 g of pectin.

[0052] (Comparative Example 1)

DM40g was immersed and stirred at 40 ° C in hydrochloric acid (pH 3 and pH 4) at 75 ° C for 4 hours, followed by separation with a separatory funnel. However, the separation of the system was incomplete, and pectin could not be separated from ethanol from the aqueous solution.

[0053] (Comparative Example 2)

DM3g was soaked in 40 ml of the solution adjusted to pH 10 and 11 with sodium carbonate and caustic soda, respectively, and stirred for 4 hours at 70 ° C. As a result, the oils and fats were oxidized and solidified and could not be separated.

[0054] [Table 1] Examples

1 2 3 4 5 1 2

Palm palm fruit used DM DM DM DM Fruit DM DM

Or DM (Amount used: g) (3) (2) (3) (3) CD (3) (3)

Palm oil

0.6 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.35

(Amount collected: g)

Pectin

0.8 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.3

(Amount collected: g)

Claims

The scope of the claims

[1] A method of treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon,

The palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon are immersed in a buffered salt solution with a pH of less than 5 to 10 and the temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the melting point of palm oil to form three layers of floating component, dissolved component and precipitated component A processing method characterized by separating.

[2] A method of treating palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon,

The palm coconut fruit and Z or mesocarp squeezed cocoon are immersed in a buffered salt solution with a pH of less than 5 to 10 and the temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the melting point of palm oil to form three layers of floating component, dissolved component and precipitated component After the separation, the precipitated component is removed to obtain two layers of a suspended component and a dissolved component.

[3] A processing method, wherein the floating component obtained by the processing method according to claim 1 or claim 2 is collected, and palm oil contained in the floating component is collected.

[4] Separating and collecting the pectin by separating the dissolved component obtained by the treatment method according to claim 1 or claim 2, and mixing the dissolved component with an alcohol having 4 or less carbon atoms. Characteristic processing method.

[5] The dissolved component obtained by the treatment method according to claim 1 or claim 2 is collected, and the pectate is separated by mixing a metal salt with the dissolved component and washed with an acid. , Separating the pectin and collecting the pectin.

[6] The treatment method according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the buffer salt includes a salt of a weak acid and a strong base.

[7] As the buffer salt, a polybasic acid selected from oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, tartaric acid, citrate, malic acid, and succinic acid, and a strong acid selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonia The treatment method according to claim 1, comprising at least one salt with a base.