WO2007111269A1 - 液化物を用いた氷含有物質の氷除去方法 - Google Patents
液化物を用いた氷含有物質の氷除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007111269A1 WO2007111269A1 PCT/JP2007/056089 JP2007056089W WO2007111269A1 WO 2007111269 A1 WO2007111269 A1 WO 2007111269A1 JP 2007056089 W JP2007056089 W JP 2007056089W WO 2007111269 A1 WO2007111269 A1 WO 2007111269A1
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- ice
- substance
- gas
- liquefied
- normal temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/005—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by dipping them into or mixing them with a chemical liquid, e.g. organic; chemical, e.g. organic, dewatering aids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for removing ice from an ice-containing substance using a liquid, and more specifically, ice can be efficiently removed at an operating temperature close to the outside air temperature and with a small amount of required power.
- the present invention relates to an ice removal method and an ice removal system that can be applied to ice-containing substances in a wide range of fields regardless of ice content and type.
- a method for removing ice contained in a substance a method such as heating and wiping or freeze-drying can be considered. Conceivable.
- freeze-drying sublimes ice by decompression, which requires a lot of energy and costs. For this reason, it is limited to the production of high-value-added objects such as pharmaceuticals, foods, and high porosity porous bodies, and it has been extremely difficult to remove ice.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an ice removal method and an ice removal system that can be efficiently performed at a high recovery rate.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- step (2) the step (3) of recovering a gaseous substance that has been vaporized and separated under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions and liquefying the gas to obtain a liquefied product is performed.
- the substance which is a gas under normal temperature and pressure conditions is dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, formaldehyde, ketene, and acetaldehyde force.
- the ice removing method according to any one of [3] to [3].
- the amount of the liquefied product brought into contact with the ice-containing material in the step (1) is from 0.1 LZkg to: LOOOLZkg per water equivalent of ice contained in the ice-containing material.
- a compressor that pressurizes a gaseous substance under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, a condenser that condenses the pressurized gas into a liquefied product, and contacts the liquefied product with an ice-containing material.
- a dehydrator that dissolves ice in the ice-containing material to form a liquefied product with a high moisture content, and an evaporator that vaporizes the gaseous material in the liquefied product with a high moisture content at normal temperature and pressure.
- An ice removing system for an ice-containing material characterized in that a separator for separating the vaporized gas and moisture of the substance is connected in series.
- an expander that expands the gas of the gas substance under the condition of the vaporized normal temperature and normal pressure is connected in series to the compressor, and the work performed to the outside of the expander is recovered.
- the ice removal system according to [10] or [11], wherein the work is input as a part of power of the compressor.
- the compressor, the condenser, the dehydrator, the evaporator, and the expander form a circuit, and the circuit is configured to circulate a gaseous substance under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions.
- the ice removal system according to any one of [10] to [12] above.
- a degassing tower for degassing and recovering a gaseous substance separated under the normal temperature and normal pressure conditions connected to the separator is connected to the separator, and the degassed gas is recovered.
- the ice removal system according to any one of [10] to [13], wherein the ice removal system is configured to be returned to the circuit.
- the present invention can be applied to various ice-containing materials regardless of the form and content of ice contained, and can be removed efficiently, and reuse and disposal of ice-containing materials can be achieved. And an ice removal system useful for resource conservation and an ice removal system for efficiently carrying out the method are provided.
- a medium that is a gas at room temperature and pressure as an ice removal medium Quality that is, the mutual solubility with ice is high, and since liquids of substances that are gases at atmospheric pressure and temperatures close to the outside temperature are used, it is severe in contact with ice and separation from ice. Ice removal can be performed at an operating temperature close to the outside temperature without requiring conditions. In addition, when the ice and liquefied material are separated, there is no need to recover the latent heat of vaporization of the ice without having to evaporate the ice side, and it is possible to remove the ice while saving energy.
- the gas of the substance that is a gas at normal temperature and pressure separated from the water-derived water force is easily recovered. Since the recovered gas can be circulated and reused by re-liquidating, it is also excellent in terms of energy efficiency. By degassing the separated wastewater, liquid waste can be easily removed and the burden on the environment can be reduced.
- the present invention can be widely applied to the processing for removing the material force and ice.
- means for drying foods and other substances that may be damaged by heat drying while keeping the temperature below o ° c means for removing substances trapped in ice blocks without heating, permafrost
- it can be applied to a means for removing moisture.
- it is expected to be used as an alternative technique for lyophilization.
- it can be easily reused by applying it to biomass resources.
- it is expected to be preferable in terms of resource protection because it is reduced by removing the ice and easily discarded.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ice removal system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing temperature and pressure conditions of an example of the ice removal system of the present invention.
- ⁇ 3] It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ice removal system of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to ice removal of an ice-containing substance, and the greatest feature is that the solubility of ice is remarkably changed by utilizing a gas-liquid phase transition phenomenon of a substance that is a gas at normal temperature and pressure.
- a substance that is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure is subjected to a treatment such as pressurization and cooling to form a liquid state.
- the temperature and pressure are slightly increased. When changed, only the solvent evaporates selectively and the water and solvent gases are easily separated.
- the ice-containing substance that is the subject of the present invention is a special substance that contains ice. There is no limit.
- “Ice” means frozen water or aqueous solution, and its composition, origin, etc. are not particularly limited. It also includes ice crystals such as snow.
- Contains means that the above-mentioned ice is contained in the surface of some substance, inside, or both. There are no particular limitations on the size and components of any substance, but the ice-containing substance is preferably in the form of a solid or slurry.
- the form of ice present in the ice-containing material is not particularly limited, and is present in the ice or outer surface included in the interior, between the solid particles, or in some cases, in the pores inside the solid particles. It may be what you do. Further, the content ratio of ice in the ice-containing material is not limited.
- ice-containing substances include coal, food, porous materials, organisms, biomass materials (wood chips, etc.), pharmaceutical compounds, compositions and proteins.
- the present invention can also be applied to a substance that is difficult to heat and dry because of its weakness at high temperatures.
- Coal can be used as it is after mining, or after that, some dehydration treatment (for example, reforming in oil (see JP 2000-290 673), dehydration method using dry inert gas ( Even those disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-338653 are applicable to the present invention.
- dehydration treatment for example, reforming in oil (see JP 2000-290 673), dehydration method using dry inert gas ( Even those disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-338653 are applicable to the present invention.
- Examples of coal types include sub-bituminous coal, lignite, lignite, and peat.
- the method for removing ice from an ice-containing material using the liquefied material of the present invention comprises contacting a liquefied material that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions with the ice-containing material, and bringing the liquefied material into ice in the ice-containing material.
- a liquefied material that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions with the ice-containing material
- bringing the liquefied material into ice in the ice-containing material comprises contacting a liquefied material that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions with the ice-containing material, and bringing the liquefied material into ice in the ice-containing material.
- step (1) a liquid material, which is a gas under normal temperature and pressure conditions, is brought into contact with an ice-containing material, and ice in the ice-containing material is dissolved in the liquefied material. Liquid with high moisture content Get.
- the substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions means a substance that exists at least in a gaseous state under any temperature and pressure conditions within the range of normal temperature and normal pressure. That is, if the substance shows a gaseous state under the conditions of temperature A and pressure B included in the range of normal temperature and normal pressure, other than temperature A and pressure B other than temperature A included under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions In terms of pressure, do not indicate a gaseous state!
- normal temperature means a temperature close to the outside air temperature in a cold region, and generally means a range of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 25 ° C., particularly ⁇ 25 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the normal pressure means a pressure close to the external pressure, and generally means a range around 1 atm.
- a substance that is gaseous under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions specifically, a substance that is gaseous under the conditions of 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere, and a substance that is gaseous under the conditions of 0 ° C and 1 atmosphere are preferred.
- a material force S most preferred, which is in a gaseous state at 25 ° C and 1 atm, and is also a gas at 0 ° C and 1 atm.
- the substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions is preferably a substance having a boiling point near or below normal temperature from the viewpoint of enabling ice removal with low required energy.
- the boiling point is preferably 25 ° C or lower, particularly 10 ° C or lower, and more preferably -5 ° C or lower.
- a substance having a boiling point exceeding ordinary temperature is not preferable because a high-temperature energy source is required to vaporize the substance in step (2) described later, and the energy required for removing ice is expected to increase.
- the substance that is gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions does not contain sulfur, which is an environmentally hazardous substance that causes acid rain, in its molecular structure.
- substances that are gases at normal temperature and pressure include dimethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, formaldehyde, ketene, acetoaldehyde, butane, propane, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, dimethyl ether alone and a mixture of dimethyl ether and other substances described above as specific examples are preferable.
- Dimethyl ether has a boiling point of 24.8 ° C at 1 atm and is a gas at an atmospheric pressure of 10 ° C to 50 ° C.
- the liquid substance means a liquid obtained from gas by liquefaction described later. That is, in the present invention, a substance that is a gas under the above-described conditions of normal temperature and pressure is used in a liquid state.
- a liquid substance which is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, is brought into contact with an ice-containing substance, and the ice in the ice-containing substance is dissolved in the liquefied substance to obtain moisture.
- a highly liquefied product is obtained.
- the method for maintaining the liquefied state is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to maintain the liquefied product at the saturated vapor pressure.
- the temperature condition of the step (1) is appropriately set in the range of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 25 ° C., particularly in the range of ⁇ 25 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- Conditions other than temperature and pressure such as the contact method of the liquefied substance, the contact amount of the liquefied substance, and the contact time of the substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions with respect to the ice-containing substance, Conditions for dissolving in the liquid can be set as appropriate.
- the contact method may be any method used in the ordinary ice removal method, such as immersing the ice-containing material in the liquefied material, or circulating the liquefied material in the ice-containing material, but it is desirable to use countercurrent contact. . That is, it is preferable that the liquid material of the substance that is a gas is brought into contact with the ice-containing substance countercurrently under normal temperature and pressure conditions.
- countercurrent contact can be combined with other contact methods as appropriate, for example, by immersing the ice-containing material in the liquefied product after countercurrent contact and then performing countercurrent contact again. It is also possible to implement them.
- the amount of the liquefied product to be brought into contact with the ice-containing substance can be determined as appropriate.
- the amount of contact of the liquefied product with respect to the amount of water equivalent to ice contained in the ice-containing material is not less than the theoretical amount of the following liquefied product, particularly not less than the theoretical amount and not more than twice the theoretical amount.
- the objective can be achieved even in a small amount that is more than the theoretical amount and 1.5 times the theoretical amount. In actual processing, however, it is desirable to set the amount of sufficient contact between the liquefied product and the ice contained in the ice-containing material.
- Per 1 LZkg to 1000 LZkg preferably 0.5 LZg to 900 LZkg, more preferably 1.0 LZg to 800 LZkg.
- the theoretical amount of the liquefied product means a theoretical amount at least required for dissolving the ice in the ice-containing material to obtain a liquefied product having a high water content. That is, it means the minimum amount of liquefied material required to dissolve lg of water at the temperature at which the ice-containing substance and the liquid material are brought into contact with each other. It can also be expressed as the inverse of the saturated vapor pressure. For example, when dimethyl ether is used as a substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and ice is frozen water lg, the theoretical amount of liquefied dimethyl ether necessary for melting ice for lg of frozen water is obtained.
- the saturation vapor pressure of dimethyl ether at 10 ° C is 0.18Mpa
- the saturation solubility of water in liquid DME at 10 ° C is 5.1 wt%.
- the contact time depends on conditions such as the type and amount of ice-containing substances and liquefied substances, and the contact method, and it is difficult to define them uniquely, but the ice in the ice-containing substances is liquefied.
- the time for sufficient dissolution can be set as appropriate.
- the general conditions in the case of countercurrent contact are shown.
- the flow rate of the liquefied product can be 10 LZ hours or more, preferably 30 LZ hours or more, more preferably 50 LZ hours or more, and the upper limit is generally Can be 400 LZ hours or less, preferably 100 LZ hours or less.
- the contact time can be 5 minutes or longer, preferably 8 minutes or longer, more preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours.
- OL can be contacted for 1 to 3 hours.
- step (1) a liquid material that is a gas under normal temperature and pressure conditions is brought into contact with an ice-containing material, and the liquefied material is allowed to contain ice in the ice-containing material. Can be dissolved to obtain a liquid product with a high water content, and at the same time, the ice contained in the ice-containing material is removed.
- step (2) water derived from ice as a gas is obtained by evaporating a gaseous substance in the liquefied material containing a high amount of water obtained in (1) above under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions. Separate the force. That is, the liquid material with a high water content obtained in the step (1) is in a state where a liquefied product of a substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions and water derived from an ice-containing material are mixed. By selectively vaporizing only the liquid substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, the water power derived from the ice-containing substance can be separated.
- Vaporization means changing a liquid (liquefied product) into a gas. Vaporization of substances that are gaseous under normal temperature and pressure conditions in liquids with high moisture content should be performed by raising the temperature condition and Z or pressure condition above each condition in step (1). Can do. When raising the temperature condition, it is preferable to raise the temperature to a temperature exceeding the boiling point of the substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, but in the present invention, a substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions is used. Therefore, it can usually be vaporized under normal temperature, that is, near the outside temperature. That is, it is possible to vaporize only by returning from the cooled state in step (1) to the room temperature state rather than heating.
- Vaporization temperature conditions depend on the liquefied material to be used and pressure conditions, but it is preferable that the temperature is normal temperature, ⁇ 50 ° C. to 25 ° C., particularly ⁇ 25 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the pressure condition is reduced in step (2), the condition is less than the saturated vapor pressure, and can be appropriately determined according to the temperature condition.
- a substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions can be easily vaporized to a liquid (liquefied) force gas without becoming a harsh condition.
- this gas can be easily separated from ice or water derived from ice-containing materials.
- the ice-containing material strength ice can be removed by the above steps (1) and (2), and further, vaporized in the step (2).
- the separated substance gas is recovered under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and the gas is liquefied to obtain a liquid.
- a step (3) of obtaining a compound can also be included.
- Liquefaction means conversion of a gas, which is a gas, into a liquid under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions.
- Liquids of substances that are gases under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions can be applied by pressurization and Z or cooling, that is, pressurization or cooling, or a combination of pressurization and cooling.
- advantageous conditions can be selected as appropriate in consideration of the standard boiling point of the substance used.
- cooling it is preferable to keep the cooling temperature at the normal boiling point.
- the room temperature that is, the outside air temperature range, for example, -50 ° C to 25 ° C. C, especially—25 ° C to 10 ° C is recommended! /.
- the boiling point under pressure is normal temperature, that is, the range of outside air temperature, for example, -50 ° C to 25 ° C, especially -25 ° C to 10 ° C It is preferable to set within the range. When used in combination with cooling, it can be determined according to the cooling temperature.
- step (3) By using the liquid product obtained in step (3) again in step (1), the amount of DME to be added in the ice removal method of the present invention is reduced and the amount of waste is also discarded. Is preferable in terms of resource protection, because it can reduce.
- the temperature condition force of the step (3) to be included is preferably 0 ° C or less, particularly 25 to 0 ° C.
- the ice removal method of the present invention since a liquid is used as an ice removal medium, the difference between the saturation solubility of ice in the liquefied product and the ice concentration in the liquid becomes the driving force for removing ice. .
- the theoretical maximum value of the amount of ice that can be dissolved in the liquid is proportional to the saturated solubility of ice and the weight of the liquefied product. This is the dry inert gas that was previously used for removing ice from coal.
- the saturation solubility of ice is approximately 5.1% around 10 ° C, and the saturated vapor pressure partial pressure of water vapor in air at the same temperature (approximately 0.26 %) Is very high.
- Such very high mixing ratios are not possible with gases, and here are the features that use liquids as ice removal media.
- the density of water is very high with respect to the density of water vapor, it is possible to remove ice with a small amount of liquid.
- liquids of gaseous substances are used as liquids at room temperature and normal pressure, that is, outside air conditions, 1 atmosphere as required under the outside air conditions, that is, a temperature range of about 50 ° C to 25 ° C.
- a series of ice removal operations can be performed by adjusting the front and rear, and it is possible to remove ice while saving energy.
- a substance from which ice has been removed by the ice removal method of the present invention can be reused as a raw material, and is expected to be used as an alternative technique for freeze-drying.
- a means for removing the substance trapped in the ice block without heating a method for removing the substance buried in the permafrost while keeping it at or below o ° c, and heating to weakly heat and drying. It can be applied to a means for removing moisture while keeping frozen compounds, compositions, proteins, etc. that cannot be frozen and kept at or below o ° c.
- the present invention also provides an ice removal system using a liquid material.
- the ice removal system of the present invention includes a compressor that pressurizes a gas that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, a condenser that condenses the pressurized gas into a liquefied product, and the liquefied product.
- a dehydrator that contacts with an ice-containing substance to dissolve ice in the ice-containing substance to form a liquefied product with a high moisture content, and a substance that is a gas under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions in the liquefied product with a high moisture content
- An evaporator for vaporizing and a separator for separating the vaporized gas and moisture of the substance are connected in series.
- Such an ice removal system of the present invention is suitable for practicing the ice removal method of the present invention described in (A) above, and by using this system, the ice removal system of the present invention is used. The method can proceed efficiently.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of an example of the configuration of the ice removal system of the present invention.
- dimethyl ether has a boiling point of approximately 25 ° C at 1 atmosphere and is a gas at atmospheric pressure of 25 ° C to 10 ° C. In order to obtain (a liquid product of dimethyl ether) at room temperature, it is necessary to operate under pressure.
- the ice removal system shown in Fig. 1 includes a compressor 1, 1 'for pressurizing dimethyl ether vapor, a condenser 2 for liquefying the pressurized vapor, liquid dimethyl ether (liquid Dehydrator 3 that removes ice by bringing dimethyl ether into contact with an ice-containing substance and dissolving the ice to form a liquefied product with a high water content (liquid dimethyl ether containing water derived from ice).
- the resulting evaporator 4 which selectively vaporizes dimethyl ether from liquid dimethyl ether containing water derived from ice is connected in series by piping in this order.
- the condenser 2 and the evaporator 4 are connected by heat exchange 5.
- a separator gas-liquid separator or gas-solid separator
- the dimethyl ether vapor is connected in series by a pipe adjacent to the evaporator 4.
- the expander 7 is further connected to the compressor 1 to form a closed circuit (circulation path) as a whole system. Through this circuit, dimethyl ether circulates while changing the state of gas-liquid, separating it from ice. Repeat the contact!
- a deaeration tower 8 is connected to a separator 6.
- the deaeration tower 8 is for degassing the dimethyl ether dissolved in ice or water separated from the dimethyl ether column by the separator 6, and specifically, the pressure inside the deaeration tower by the holding pressure valve 8 ′. The pressure is lowered and dimethyl ether is vaporized and recovered.
- dimethyl ether gas dissolves in the water (ice) separated by the separator 6. Therefore, if this water (ice) is discharged as it is, the load on the environment is increased and the loss of dimethyl ether is further increased. Therefore, the deaeration tower 8 collects dimethyl ether dissolved in water (ice) to minimize the load on the environment and the loss of dimethyl ether.
- the deaeration tower 8 is connected to the aforementioned circuit, and the dimethyl ether degassed and recovered in the tower is returned to the circuit again by piping!
- a heating can 8a for heating ice is provided at the bottom of the deaeration tower 8 to promote separation of dimethyl ether from ice and improve the recovery rate of dimethyl ether.
- the expander 7 work to be performed outside is collected here, and this work is input and used as part of the power of the compressor 1 that pressurizes the dimethyl ether.
- the compressor 1 has two stages, a first compressor 1 and a second compressor 1 ′.
- the first compressor 1 is connected to the expander 7, and the work performed in the expander 7 is recovered. Used as power for the first compressor 1.
- the work performed to the outside world mainly refers to what dimethyl ether gas performs with volume expansion.
- the superheated gas of dimethyl ether exiting the evaporator 4 may contain droplets entrained in the flow of superheated gas, the expander 7 obtains work by vaporizing the mixed droplets. This is also included as work to be done to the outside world.
- the condenser 2 and the evaporator 4 are connected by heat exchange 5, the latent heat of vaporization of the liquefied dimethyl ether is recovered and used effectively.
- the second compressor 1 ′ is powered by the electric motor 9, and work is input from the outside only to the second compressor 1 ′.
- a heater 10 is installed in the system of FIG.
- the warmer 10 adjusts the temperature of the gas discharged from the expander 7 to the optimum temperature at the inlet of the compressor 1, and is installed as necessary depending on the use conditions of liquefied dimethyl ether.
- FIG. 1 The system of FIG. 1 involves three things: an ice-containing material, the ice contained in the material, and liquid dimethyl ether. The flow of this system will be explained focusing on each substance.
- the ice-containing material is filled in the dehydrator 3, removed from the ice by contacting with liquid dimethyl ether, and then taken out from the container and processed. finish.
- FIG. 1 the flow of ice contained in the ice-containing material in the system of FIG. 1 will be described below.
- the flow of ice contained in the ice-containing material is indicated by a double line.
- Ice is supplied from the dehydrator 3 to the system as ice contained in the ice-containing material.
- the dehydrator 3 elutes the ice-containing material into liquid dimethyl ether, and then reaches the evaporator 4 in a form dissolved in water as liquefied dimethyl ether.
- Most of the liquefied dimethyl ether is vaporized in the evaporator 4 and dissolved in the liquid dimethyl ether, and the water is separated and reaches the separator 6.
- the separator 6 it is divided into dimethyl ether vapor and water.
- ice is introduced into the deaeration tower 8.
- the pressure inside the deaeration tower 8 is reduced by the pressure holding valve 8 at the inlet, dimethyl ether is recovered, and the ice separated in the separator 6 is discharged as it is.
- Environmental impact and dimethyl ether loss can be minimized. It is also possible to improve the recovery rate of dimethyl ether by heating water with a heating can 8a provided at the lower part of the deaeration tower 8.
- the degassed ice is discharged as a bottom.
- the drainage power The dimethyl ether vapor separated in the separator 6 can be returned to the circuit of the ice removal system and used again.
- Dimethyl ether gas is pressurized by compressors 1 and 1 'to become superheated gas, and then becomes supercooled liquid in condenser 2.
- the supercooled liquid of dimethyl ether is supplied to the dehydrator 3 and comes into contact with the ice-containing substance, dissolves the ice as water, and goes to the evaporator 4.
- the liquefied dimethyl ether is separated from water and becomes superheated gas again.
- the dimethyl ether superheated gas leaving the evaporator 4 works in the expander 7 and is recovered as part of the compressor power.
- the dimethyl ether gas leaving the expander 7 is sent again to the compressor 1 and circulated in the system.
- the temperature condition force of the system of the present invention is 0 ° C or less. It is preferably carried out in the range of 25 to 0 ° C. By treating in such a temperature range, the resulting ice-derived wastewater can be deposited as ice.
- FIG. 2 shows a setting example of the phase state, pressure, temperature, and saturation temperature when dimethyl ether is used in one example of the system of the present invention.
- the deaeration tower 8 for dimethyl ether gas from water was omitted, and it was assumed that the separator 6 could completely separate water and dimethyl ether.
- the ice-containing material treated in the dehydrator 3 does not contain dimethyl ether.
- the ice-containing material does not contain impurities as ice.
- the degree of superheat at the compressor outlets (2) and (3) in the first compressor 1 and the second compressor 1 ′ is smaller than the degree of superheat at the compressor inlet.
- the degree of superheat at the compressor inlet When deciding, it is necessary to pay attention to the degree of superheat at the compressor outlet.
- the pressure at the outlet (3) of the second compressor 1 ' is determined by the temperature power of the cooling water used in the cooler 4 before the evaporator 4.
- the outside air temperature is ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the cooling water temperature is equal to the outside air temperature. If the approach temperature in the cooler 4 'is 5 ° C, the temperature of the liquid dimethyl ether at the outlet of the cooler 4' (evaporator inlet) (6) will be 10 ° C. Furthermore, if the approach temperature of condenser 2 and evaporator 4 is 5 ° C, the temperature at the outlet (4) of condenser 2 will be 5 ° C.
- the operating pressure of the condenser 2 pressure at the compressor outlet
- the saturation temperature is -5 ° C
- the outlet of condenser 2 (4) and the outlet of compressor 1 (condenser inlet) (3) are 0.22 MPa.
- the temperature at the outlet (3) of the second compressor 1 ' is 6 ° C, and the superheated gas exceeds the saturation temperature of dimethyl ether at the compressor outlet.
- the saturation temperature of the evaporator 4 is -10 ° C, it is necessary to reduce the pressure to the saturation pressure at -10 ° C at the inlet (6) of the evaporator 4.
- the saturation pressure here is the force that is the saturation pressure of the mixture of water and dimethyl ether in which ice has melted.
- the saturation pressure of dimethyl ether having a large vapor pressure is approximated to 0.18 MPa.
- the temperature difference between the condenser 2 and the evaporator 4 is 5 ° C
- the temperature at the outlet (expander inlet) (7) of the evaporator 4 is 1 ° C. Since the degree of superheat here is 11 ° C, heat loss within the energy range required to heat the dimethyl ether gas at 11 ° C is reduced from the outlet of the second compressor 1 'and before the inlet of the expander 7. Acceptable.
- the pressure at the outlet (8) of the expander 7 is equal to the pressure at the first compressor 1 inlet.
- Dimethyl ether gas is cooled to -16 ° C by adiabatic expansion. Heating is necessary because the 1 ° C temperature is lower than the inlet of the first compressor 1.
- the expander 7 recovers energy and uses it as power for the first compressor 1. Assuming that the adiabatic efficiency in the expander 7 and the first compressor 1 is 80%, the temperature at the outlet of the first compressor is -5 ° C and the pressure is 0.15 MPa.
- the required power in the second compressor 1 ' is assumed assuming that the mechanical efficiency in the expander 7 and the two compressors 1, 1' is 0.8.
- the work recovered by the expander 7 and input as the power of the first compressor 1 is (theoretical work performed by expansion) X 0.8. Therefore, the work required for the second compressor 1 ′ is (theoretical work required for the two compressors 1, 1 ′) ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ theoretical work for expansion) X 0.8.
- dimethyl ether is approximated as an ideal gas, adiabatic compression is assumed, and when the saturation solubility of ice in liquid dimethyl ether at -5 ° C is assumed to be 5.4 wt%, ice is removed.
- the required power of this system is 1383kjZkg water.
- Dried wood pieces roughly crushed to a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and a length of about 1 cm are immersed in water (dry weight 0.9 345 g, wet weight 3.0006 g) and placed in a glass column with an internal volume of about 14 cc. The sample was frozen for one day and night, and was subjected to testing as a batch.
- a piece of frozen wood packed in a glass column corresponding to the dehydrator 3 in FIG. 1 is filled into a stainless steel container 21 in FIG. 3 with a liquid vapor DME having a saturated vapor pressure, extruded with nitrogen, and dehydrated. It was distributed to 23.
- the liquid DME was collected in an empty sealed container 22 in which the liquid DME was stored.
- the entire apparatus was put into an ethanol bath 24 kept at 23 ° C., and a dehydration test was conducted with the piece of wood frozen at a temperature of ⁇ 23 ° C.
- the flow rate of liquefied DME was lOcc per minute and was circulated for 10 minutes. It should be noted that the flow rate of liquid DME with respect to the water content of the dehydrated object of 0.0010661 kg is 0.
- the ratio of OIL is 4 84LZkg. -19.
- the saturated solubility of water in liquefied DME at 45 ° C is 4.3 wt%, and 23.3 g of DME is required to dissolve lg of water at a saturated concentration.
- the device power of the sealed container 22 was also removed, and the DME and water were separated by opening the valve of the sealed container 22 and evaporating the DME at room temperature. After DME evaporated, the water remaining at the bottom of the closed container 22 was used as drainage.
- frozen coal packed in a glass column corresponding to the dehydrator 23 in FIG. 3 is filled with a liquefied DME with saturated vapor pressure in a stainless steel container 21 corresponding to the compressor in FIG. 3, and extruded with nitrogen.
- the dehydrator 23 was distributed.
- the liquid DME was recovered with an empty sealed container 22 for storing the liquid DME.
- the entire apparatus was put into an ethanol tank 24 maintained at ⁇ 10 ° C., and a dehydration test was conducted with the coal frozen at a temperature of ⁇ 10 ° C.
- the flow rate of the liquefied DME was 5 cc per minute and was circulated for 13 minutes.
- the saturated solubility of water in liquid DME at 9.5 ° C is 5.1% by weight, and 19.6g of DME is required to dissolve lg of water at the saturated concentration.
- the device power of the sealed container 22 was removed, and the valve of the sealed container 22 was opened at room temperature to evaporate the DME, thereby separating DME and water. After the DME evaporated, the water remaining at the bottom of the closed container 22 was used as drainage.
- Example 2 the coal before and after the dehydration treatment was allowed to stand for 3 hours at 107 ° C, respectively.
- the same dehydration treatment was performed except that the portion was evaporated, and the moisture content of the coal before and after the dehydration test was measured. Table 3 shows the results.
- the ice removal method according to the present invention can be applied to various ice-containing materials, and any ice-containing material can easily remove ice in a short time with low power. it can. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to reduce the weight by removing ice from various ice-containing materials, and facilitate the treatment, reuse, utilization of resources as biomass, and the like.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2007800102431A CN101405064B (zh) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-23 | 使用液化物的含冰物质的除冰方法 |
CA2646660A CA2646660C (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-23 | Method for removing ice from ice-containing material using liquefied substance |
JP2008507475A JP4734406B2 (ja) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-23 | 液化物を用いた氷含有物質の氷除去方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2006-083571 | 2006-03-24 | ||
JP2006083571 | 2006-03-24 |
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WO2007111269A1 true WO2007111269A1 (ja) | 2007-10-04 |
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PCT/JP2007/056089 WO2007111269A1 (ja) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-23 | 液化物を用いた氷含有物質の氷除去方法 |
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JP (1) | JP4734406B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101405064B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2646660C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2392029C1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007111269A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03104225A (ja) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-01 | Taiyo Sanso Co Ltd | 固体表面の洗浄・乾燥方法 |
JPH04331956A (ja) * | 1991-05-07 | 1992-11-19 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 基板乾燥方法 |
JPH05267269A (ja) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-10-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 真空乾燥方法および装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AU2003241902B2 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2008-08-28 | Central Research Institute Of Electric Power Industry | Method for removing water contained in solid using liquid material |
JP2004137373A (ja) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-05-13 | Basara:Kk | 可燃性廃棄物の固形燃料化方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-03-23 CA CA2646660A patent/CA2646660C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-23 CN CN2007800102431A patent/CN101405064B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-23 WO PCT/JP2007/056089 patent/WO2007111269A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2007-03-23 RU RU2008142111/15A patent/RU2392029C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-23 JP JP2008507475A patent/JP4734406B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03104225A (ja) * | 1989-09-19 | 1991-05-01 | Taiyo Sanso Co Ltd | 固体表面の洗浄・乾燥方法 |
JPH04331956A (ja) * | 1991-05-07 | 1992-11-19 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 基板乾燥方法 |
JPH05267269A (ja) * | 1992-03-18 | 1993-10-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 真空乾燥方法および装置 |
Also Published As
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CA2646660C (en) | 2011-01-18 |
JPWO2007111269A1 (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
JP4734406B2 (ja) | 2011-07-27 |
RU2008142111A (ru) | 2010-04-27 |
CN101405064B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
CA2646660A1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
RU2392029C1 (ru) | 2010-06-20 |
CN101405064A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
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