WO2007108723A1 - Dispositif fonctionnant par répartition en longueur d'onde dense (et variante) et central téléphonique automatique optique - Google Patents

Dispositif fonctionnant par répartition en longueur d'onde dense (et variante) et central téléphonique automatique optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007108723A1
WO2007108723A1 PCT/RU2007/000134 RU2007000134W WO2007108723A1 WO 2007108723 A1 WO2007108723 A1 WO 2007108723A1 RU 2007000134 W RU2007000134 W RU 2007000134W WO 2007108723 A1 WO2007108723 A1 WO 2007108723A1
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Prior art keywords
optical
lines
mirrors
prisms
waves
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PCT/RU2007/000134
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Vladimir Moiseevith Dvoretski
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Parmenov, Vladimir Vasilevith
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Publication of WO2007108723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007108723A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29371—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion
    • G02B6/29373—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating principle based on material dispersion utilising a bulk dispersive element, e.g. prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1301—Optical transmission, optical switches

Definitions

  • Wavelength compaction device (options) and Optical automatic telephone exchange.
  • the proposed sealing device relates to telecommunication technology on optical lines, and can be used for superdense sealing of large groups of urban and intercity optical lines at wavelengths.
  • Optical automatic telephone exchanges belong to the field of urban and intercity broadband telephone, video telephone or multimedia communications, via fiber-optic lines densified by wavelengths.
  • the known WDM and DWDM sealing devices have the following disadvantages: one device only seals one line, and when using known devices in optical exchanges or multi-fiber cable trunking, it is necessary to have NL sealing devices for NL »1 lines.
  • OATC functional analogs are known — digital ISDN ATSs [2], which contain a digital spatio-temporal switching system and a subscriber access system via packed copper subscriber lines to digital terminals, providing each subscriber with two conversational B channels and a D signaling channel.
  • ISDN PBXs interact with other PBXs and switching nodes via trunks sealed with ZO or more V channels and a common signaling channel.
  • ISDN PBX has the following disadvantages: - for each fiber-optic subscriber and trunk line in the terminal and on the exchange you need a separate device for converting electrical signals into optical and vice versa into electrical ones,
  • a prototype of the proposed compaction devices is an optical automatic telephone exchange [5], which contains many linear compaction devices on a ring of P prisms.
  • the prototype of the sealing device [5]. has the following disadvantages:
  • the dimensions of the device increase significantly for lines densified more than 500 channels.
  • the prototype of an optical exchange is OATC [5], consisting of multi-line compaction devices, an optical switching system [3] on multiple optical MOC connectors, and an optical subscriber access system.
  • a prototype synchronous telephone exchange cannot interact without matching devices with an asynchronous environment, - the prototype contains only one selector and one wavelength multiplexer, which limits the maximum capacity,
  • the goal in the first version of the wavelength-density multiplexer for NL> 1 fiber-optic lines packed by NW waves in the range ⁇ l ⁇ i ⁇ 2 with a wavelength step ( ⁇ 2- ⁇ l) / NW is achieved by the fact that between two-dimensional arrays of optical terminations of NL lines and NLxNW station or subscriber terminations, two mirrors are installed with two-dimensional rasters of optical signal input / output openings, in which the hole size is less than dd in linear and DD in station rasters, optically coupled to arrays of terminations, and between these mirrors there is a loop
  • P ⁇ l prisms, l ⁇ MS ⁇ P masks, and O ⁇ MR additional mirrors without holes closing a loop with a total angle of deviation of the light beam from one mirror with a raster to another 360 ° for a wave with a length of ⁇ (i), and the mirror with station rasters set parallel to linear, or at MR O at an angle ⁇ , at which the
  • ⁇ n ⁇ x ⁇ l ⁇ (P ⁇ KWx (PxKW + l) / 2-l)> GVxDD in which ⁇ is the difference in the refractive indices of neighboring waves, ⁇ refracts the angle of the prisms and ⁇ l is the distance between the prisms, and in addition, the masks have NL holes, the width and length of the holes from dd for the mask of the line endings closest to the raster to DD and NWxDD for the station endings closest to the raster.
  • the goal in the second version of the wavelength-division multiplexer for NL> 1 fiber-optic lines packed by NW »1 waves in the range ⁇ l ⁇ i ⁇ 2 is achieved by the fact that it consists of two or more series-connected cascades — the multiplexer according to the first embodiment, in each of which direction light deviations by prisms perpendicular to the previous one and / or the sign of the angle ⁇ is opposite to the previous one, with the first and cascades coinciding in the direction of the prisms dividing the spectrum into NH groups in NW / NH waves along the H coordinate, and cascades in which the direction of the prisms perpendicular to the first cascade are divided by each group along the V coordinate, moreover, in these cascades one or several mirrors should consist of fragments with an inclination angle that varies either smoothly for each line or stepwise for a group of lines, so that in the loop the deflection angle for n with the same number in all the NH groups was equal to 360 °
  • NGLA groups of optical terminations of the direction lines A-> B are placed in two-dimensional arrays on NGLA optical crosses of which NGLA-NGLO arrays are optically connected directly to the input its channel selector is a lot of linear compaction devices of the first or second option, and the rest through input NGLO blocks of multi-line multiplexers are single fiber lines, and the channel selector i has NL (i) inputs from NL (i) terminations and NL (i) ⁇ NW (i ) outputs that are optically connected through the multi-line shaper - adder of station raster images of NGLA selectors to the NC inputs of the spatial switching system, and NGLB groups of its outputs are optically coupled through multi-line shaper -
  • a multi-line multiplexer of one fiber line contains an input unit with a beam splitter element, a light guide system from several lenses and an output block with a mirror, and a beam splitter element either a translucent mirror, or a cube prism with birefringence or similar elements
  • the double focal length of the light guide system is equal to the optical path length on the one hand through the beam splitter to the center of the array of linear terminations of directions A- ⁇ B or B-> A, on the other through the mirror, respectively, to the center of the raster of the linear openings of the channel multiplexer, and the number of lenses and the distances between them in the light guide system should be sufficient to transmit an inverted image with an unchanged nennym scale, and in line i transmits signals multiplexer directions A- ⁇ B and B- ⁇ A at different wavelengths, which outputs the position of a switching system for i does not coincide with its inputs.
  • subscriber terminals are connected to line terminations through a multi-level subscriber access system of a tree structure consisting of K series-connected subscriber access multiplexers on compression devices with only two mirrors, and the upper level multiplexers i ⁇ K, contain for each line of the level i ⁇ l densified NW (i) or fewer waves of NA (i) terminations of lines of level i + 1, packed by NW (i + l) ⁇ NW (i) / NA (i) waves, and terminal multiplexers of level K for each line with NW (K ) containing waves or NW (K) optical or electro-terminal endings for devices without a seal or NA (K) with endings NW (K) ZNA (K) waves for terminals with seal device, the waveband in multiplexer is determined by the angle between the mirrors.
  • each terminal of an optical telephone exchange contains a synchronization and exchange unit for the D channel, delay units for receiving and transmitting “perfect” channels controlled by the OATC control channel for the D channel, and for packed lines it contains a terminal multiplexer for NW (K) / NA (K) waves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of the optical path of the first embodiment of the sealing device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section of the optical path of the sealing device.
  • Figure 3 shows a vertical section of the optical path of the compaction device with an internal optical system.
  • FIG. Figure 4 shows a vertical section through an annular loop and elements of a second embodiment of a sealing device.
  • FIG. Figure 5 shows vertical and horizontal sections of a subscriber access compaction device and subscriber terminals.
  • FIG. b is a block diagram of an optical exchange.
  • FIG. 7 shows a vertical section of imaging devices.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an optical subscriber access system.
  • Table 1 shows the dependence of the number of turns in the loop of the compaction device on the number of prisms and. step along the wavelength.
  • Table 2 shows the dependence of the number of lines and channels on the step along the wavelength, size and number of prisms.
  • Table 3 shows the parameters of switching systems.
  • the application proposed two options for wavelength-division multiplexers designed to build multi-line selectors and channel multiplexers in NL optical lines sealed with NW waves in optical exchanges or few linear subscriber access multiplexers.
  • FIG. Figures 1-3 show an example of the first variant of the optical design of a multi-line compaction device with a shuttle loop optical path.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of the device and a side view of the course of the rays of light vertically, and in FIG. 2 section and a top view of the horizontal rays.
  • the structure of the optical path to simplify the description will be considered for thin parallel beams at its input.
  • the devices consist of two main mirrors 11 and 12, on which two-dimensional arrays of holes 13 are placed, for input / output of signals from linear terminations, and holes 14, for input / output of station signals.
  • the mirror 11 For each of the NL lines sealed with NW waves, the mirror 11 contains one hole, and the mirror 12 contains NW holes. Moreover, the selector mirror 11 input, and for the multiplexer input mirror 12.
  • the optical path of the sealing device between the mirrors 11 and 12 contains a loop of P> 2 prisms 15 and 16, a pair of mirrors 19 for closing the optical path.
  • Two prisms 15 direct light into a loop, which may contain from zero to (P-2) / 2 additional links.
  • Each additional link of the loop contains 2 prisms 16 and mirrors 17 and 18.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a loop with two additional links, containing six prisms, and a side view of the optical signals from the inlet 13 to the outlet 14.
  • the light beam leaves the holes 13 or 14 almost perpendicular to the mirrors 11 and 12.
  • the angle of light deviation in the prisms 15, 16, and the tilt of the mirrors 17 - 19 in the optical path is chosen so that the total deviation of the optical signals for one wave from the operating range is 360 ° and forms a closed loop in which the optical signals are shuttled between the mirrors 11 and 12.
  • the holes of the linear endings on the mirror 11 are placed horizontally, and the holes for the station endings on the mirror 12 are respectively vertical.
  • FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section of the device and a top view of the path of optical signals from an array of linear endings from 4x openings 23 to openings 24, deflected by a small angle ⁇ by prisms 213 and 214 between mirrors 21 and 22 (similar to 11-14 in Fig. 1).
  • the path at an angle ⁇ can be created in addition to prisms 213 and 214, either by turning the mirrors 21 and 22, or by turning the entire path.
  • the vertical path of the signals for example, with an average wavelength with a deflection angle of 360 ° is repeated at each turn, for signals with a maximum wavelength deviated by prisms less (upper beam in Fig. 1), and for signals with a minimum wavelength deviated more (lower beam) and the deviation increases with each turn.
  • the holes 13 form two-dimensional rasters consisting of either NL holes on the mirror 11 and NLxNW holes on the mirror 12, or NL / G groups of holes on the mirror 11 for G holes in the group and NL / G groups of holes on the mirror 12 for GxNW holes in the group.
  • NL of the individual holes 13 are placed, for example, horizontally with a step of dd ⁇ KW and vertically with a step of dd ⁇ NW.
  • NW holes 14 are shifted horizontally by DDxKW from their corresponding holes 13 and are placed with a step DDxKW, and vertically with a step DD.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a loop in which additional prisms 16 are placed, for example, in a half ring.
  • additional prisms 16 are placed, for example, in a half ring.
  • their number is limited by a deflection angle of 360 °.
  • the number of prisms can be more than 14 by adding links when choosing an appropriate angle for mirrors 17 and 18. In a loop without additional links, the number of prisms can be reduced to two.
  • l ⁇ M ⁇ P masks can be installed between the prisms to adjust the required wavelength range NW and to improve the filtering of optical signals, one of the masks being the outlet openings 11 or 14.
  • FIG. 1 masks are not shown to simplify the drawing, and FIG. 2 shows a fragment of a view of the holes of the masks 211 mounted on the mirrors 21 (P) and 212 on the mirror 22 (12).
  • masks block the path of optical signals with wavelengths above and below the operating range.
  • Masks contain for each inlet 13 either KW holes or one step-shaped hole with KW steps.
  • the width of the holes varies from dd to DD, respectively, and the height of the holes from DD to DDxNW or DDxGVxNW in groups.
  • Fig.. 3 shows a modification of the circuit of Fig.l for slightly diverging rays and their course on one turn.
  • an optical system of a flipping prism 310 and lenses 39 is included.
  • Lenses 39 should have double focal lengths equal to the optical path length to them towards the mirrors 31 and 32 (11 and 12). In this case, the image focused on the mirror 31, the lenses 39 will focus on the mirror 32 and vice versa, and between the lenses 39 the axis of the light rays are parallel.
  • the lenses 39 rotate the image in two coordinates, and the prism 310 compensates for the vertical flip at each turn. The horizontal flip is compensated by a double passage through the lenses.
  • the sources of optical signals for channel multiplexers are multipoint image intensifiers, or semiconductor arrays with LED outputs, or electron-optical converters with a phosphor emitting in the band of 50 - 100 nanometers.
  • the multiplexer combines each group of NW station LED outputs in the openings 14 into one of the NL openings 13. For each LED on the KW turns of the prism, it splits the spectrum into a number of wave components and deviates them to distances sufficient for summing at the output 13.
  • the wave with the longest length passes through the hole 13, and for the lower hole 14 the wave with the shortest length.
  • the optical signals pass through P prisms along a path of length Px ⁇ l, and with the number of turns KW, the optical signals pass through PxKW prisms, but since in the first The first prism gives a small deviation to the turn, therefore, in the calculations, a value less than one sum will be used and the signals will deviate from each other by a distance
  • the number of turns KW can be found from inequality (2), and the angle ⁇ from expression (3).
  • ⁇ d arctan ((DD-dd) / (LxKW))
  • Each hole 13 corresponds to the area KWxDDxNW occupied on the mirror 12.
  • the number of lines NL sealed by NW channels is determined by the expression
  • the placement of the holes of the linear raster with a constant pitch results in the placement of the holes of the station raster in vertical or horizontal lines with large gaps.
  • NLH is the number of holes, for example, horizontally and NLV vertically
  • GH is the number of holes in the group horizontally and GV vertically
  • each group of holes 13 are placed with a step dd between the holes in both coordinates.
  • each group of holes 13 corresponds to a group of GxNW holes 14 containing GH holes horizontally and GVxNW vertically with a step DD between holes in the group at both coordinates.
  • each group of GH holes 13 are placed, for example, horizontally with a step GH ⁇ ddxKW and vertically with a step GV ⁇ dd ⁇ NW.
  • the group of holes 14 is shifted horizontally by GHxDDxKW from the corresponding holes 13 and is placed with a step no smaller than GHxDDxKW, and in a different coordinate with a step GVxDDxNW.
  • the number of turns KW can be found from inequality (5), and the angle ⁇ from expression (6).
  • the step DD close to 100 ⁇ m is necessary to reduce the effects of neighboring frequency channels.
  • the first version of the device can compact a large number of lines in OATC with capacities from small to large.
  • the second variant is a multi-stage sealing device consisting of 2 or more series-connected cascades - multi-line devices of FIG. fourteen.
  • the placement of the prism loop is arbitrary, in the second and subsequent cascades, either the central plane of the loop is perpendicular to the loop of the previous cascade, or the direction of the angle ⁇ in the loop should be opposite to the loop of the previous cascade.
  • the first cascade with the number of turns KW (I) from expression (2) with the criterion DDxNW (I) / NW splits the spectrum into a continuous, for example, horizontal strip with a length of DDxNW (I). Since NW (1) ⁇ NW signals of neighboring waves with a shift less than DD are superimposed on the neighboring ones.
  • the second cascade with KW (2) from expression (2) with the DD criterion divides the vertical line spectrum into a rectangular one with a width DDxNW (I) and a height DDxNW / NW (l).
  • each group of NW / NW (1) waves unfolds vertically and horizontally with a step DD.
  • the outlet openings of the previous stage in size and shape must coincide with the inlets for the next, and alternating prisms 211 and 212 shown in FIG. 1 must be installed between the stages to create angles ⁇ . 2.
  • the optical path of the second and / or subsequent stages must contain at least one loop shown in FIG. 4 mirror 49 with a smooth or stepwise changing angle.
  • the height of the working area of the prism decreases NW (I) times, and the width is DDxNW (I) xKW (2)
  • FIG. 5 shows vertical and horizontal sections of the device on two mirrors and one or more prisms.
  • the device consists of two mirrors 51 and 52 with holes for linear 53, subscriber endings 54 and prism 55, similar to 15. Line 513 and station 514 ends are located at holes 53 and 54 in the mirrors.
  • FIG. 5 shows the course of light rays horizontally to the right and to the left vertically, in which the loop degenerates into a broken line.
  • the linear end 513 is set at an angle ⁇ , for example, using a prism 515
  • the ray path in FIG. 5 is shown for endings forming a thin, non-divergent beam.
  • the device, for terminations with a significant angular aperture, should contain an integrated optical system, for example, similar to that shown in FIG. 3 from lens 39 and prism 310.
  • Mirrors 51 and 52 are mounted at a distance with optical length L, and in addition, at a small angle ⁇ to each other, by which prism 55 deflects light from one of the wavelengths in the operating range of the device.
  • the refractive index n : 1.444179 [7]
  • the angle ⁇ can be obtained from the above expression (0) ⁇ ((nl) x ⁇ «30 ° x0.444179 ⁇ 0.000975 ⁇ 13.325 ° ⁇ 0.029 °.
  • the holes in the subscriber raster must be DD height.
  • the devices in subscriber terminals and multiplexers are tuned to the required wavelength range by selecting the angle of inclination of mirrors 19 or 52 from 11 and 51, as well as by choosing the pattern of masks and rasters. Tuning to your own wave is carried out by moving to one of the possible positions of the source (LED) and receiver (photodiode).
  • LL 50 mm
  • the adjustment can be done remotely by fixing the edges of the mirror 19 or 52 on piezoceramics, to which a voltage is applied, which varies depending on the required sub-range.
  • the goal is to create a sealing device 5000 and more channels with smaller sizes of prisms than the prototype, as shown in table 2, is performed in the second embodiment of the proposed devices, and the distances between them.
  • the goal is to create simple compaction devices for subscriber multiplexers is achieved in the first version with one prism and two mirrors.
  • the goal is the ease of tuning to any range is realized by choosing the tilt of one or more mirrors 17 -19 in the device of FIG. 1 and 3, or by choosing the angle between the mirrors 51 and 52.
  • FIG. Figure 6 shows a block diagram of an optical automatic telephone exchange (OATC) switching NC broadband channels with transmission rates of 2-8 Mbit from subscriber video telephone and / or telephone TF terminals and other telephone exchanges.
  • OATC optical automatic telephone exchange
  • the terminals are connected through a subscriber access system 65 via NL fiber-optic lines, divided into several groups with different number of waves and / or different number of fibers.
  • OATC consists of one or more input optical crosses 60 and one or more output optical crosses 62.
  • Optical crosses are flat or hemispherical panels with two-dimensional arrays of holes, in the NL of which there are optical ends of lines 63 and 64, which can be polished fiber ends, tricks, green lenses, microlenses or similar elements.
  • receiving 63 and transmitting ends 64 of two fiber lines from a subscriber access system 65, or connecting lines from other OATC and / or optical nodes of incoming / outgoing communications 66 are installed.
  • electro-optical terminations 617 and 618 of connecting lines from electronic or electromechanical exchanges 616 and service departments can be installed, connected to the lines through matching devices 619. These terminations are light-emitting diodes 617 and photodiodes 618.
  • multi-line selectors 67 and multiplexers 68 are installed on wavelength-division multiplexers described above for FIG. fourteen. They can be common to one or several groups of the same lines, for example, NLS and / or NLD with a different number of channels compressed into one line.
  • Line ends 63 sources of optical signals are connected to the inputs of selectors 67 by optical projection systems 611, which form thin quasi-parallel beams of light from sources on linear rasters of selectors.
  • the outputs of the multiplexers 68 are connected to the optical signal receivers, the linear ends 64 of the projection systems 612, which focus the output image of the multiplexers on the ends 64.
  • the tops in FIG. 6, the optical system 611 and the selector 67, as well as the output of the multiplexer 68 are optically coupled by a multi-line multiplexer of single fiber lines, which consists of an input unit with a beam splitter mirror or prism 613, an optical system 614, and an output unit with a mirror 615.
  • the optical system 614 focuses the output image of the multiplexer 68 through the mirrors 615, 613 and the optical system 611 at the linear ends of the cross 60 without changing the scale and position of the elements of the output image
  • a spatial optical switching system 69 is installed, consisting of S series-connected multiple optical MOC connectors. MOCs are described in [3, 4] ..
  • Optical connectors are connected to each other by multipoint light-conducting screens, one side of each of which is an array of receivers for the previous stage, and the other an array of sources for the next.
  • Some light-conducting screens are passive, for example, fiber optic washers or frosted glasses, and the other are image intensifiers, for example, electron-optical converters with a phosphor of small afterglow or semiconductor arrays of structures such as a phototransistor - LED.
  • the outputs of all selectors 67 are optically connected to the inputs of the switching system by the shaper-adder 620, which combines the output images of the selectors and places their elements at the input of the switching system with a constant vertical and horizontal step.
  • the outputs of the switching system 69 is connected to the inputs of the multiplexers 68 by a shaper-splitter 621, which divides the array of outputs into groups of outputs and directs them to the inputs of the multiplexers.
  • the control outputs 622 of the program control device 610 are connected to the switching system.
  • the device 610 has a group of optical or electrical outputs and inputs of the subscriber and inter-station signaling 623 and 624, optical or electro-optical terminations 617 and 618, which are installed on the crosses of two fiber lines.
  • compaction devices 67, 68 and switching system 69, control device 610 can be connected to D subscriber signaling channels and common signaling channels of other exchanges or OATCs.
  • All video telephone TV and telephone TF terminals for OATC synchronous operation contain synchronization and exchange schemes on the D channel, as well as controlled delay circuits for transmitted and received “conversation information”), which are controlled by the OAT C 610 program control device via D signaling channels.
  • the OATC contains a multi-line multiplexer consisting of a beam splitter 613, an optical system 614, and a mirror 615.
  • the light dividing element 613 can be, for example, either a translucent mirror or a cube prism with birefringence.
  • the multiplexer sends to the optical end 63 of each line the output optical signals of the multiplexer 68 for this line.
  • the optical system 614 consists of several lenses, for example, three, with the double focal lengths of the system ending on the left through the optical system 611 in the center of the cross 60 and on the right in the center of the output window of the selector 67.
  • the lenses of the system 614 should be placed at such distances so that the scales of the input and output images are similar or equal.
  • the positions of the optical signals at the output of the selector 67 and at the input of the multiplexer 68 should be offset by a distance that the device 68 will combine into one line at different wavelengths.
  • the light dividing element of multiplexer 613 can be installed either, as shown in FIG. 6, or between the output of multiplexer 68 and the optical system 612, and the mirror 615 at the input of the selector 67, while the end of the single-fiber lines will be on the cross 62.
  • FIG. 7 shows a vertical section of the optical circuit of the shapers of the input and output images of the switching system.
  • a shaper - adder 720 consisting of several lens rasters 730, one raster for each selector.
  • the lenses in the rasters are arranged so that the side optical axes of each lens [8] connect the center of their group of openings of the station raster with the center of the inputs of the switching system 79 corresponding to them.
  • a shaper-splitter 721 that divides the image of several groups of outputs of the system 79 with lens rasters 730 into the corresponding groups of inputs of the multiplexers 78.
  • prisms or rasters of prisms 731 are placed at the output and input rasters of the openings of devices 77 and 78, containing one prism for each group of holes, and prisms or rasters of prisms 732 are placed at the inputs and outputs of the switching system.
  • Prisms 731 and 732 deflect rays light from light sources to lenses 730.
  • rasters of square or rectangular lens fragments can be installed in which the optical center of each lens is offset so that its secondary optical axis coincides with the secondary axis of the lenses 730.
  • FIG. Figure 8 shows the optical block diagram of a multilevel tree-based subscriber access system in which fiber optic lines are densified with NW or fewer broadband channels.
  • 88 lines are branched into a tree structure by cascading optical trunk multiplexers 83, containing either a sealing device with a shuttle-loop path (Figs. 1-3) or additional links on a single prism in Figs. 5.
  • Small groups of multiplexers 83 and / or terminal multiplexers of subscriber access 84, 85 are connected to the subscriber outputs of the multiplexers 83.
  • Multiplexers 83 divides the NW stream into several wave groups, for example, the first on Kl wave groups, the second divides the NW / K1 wave stream at K2 and further to the terminal multiplexers 84, 85 and the coupler chains 87 or terminals 86 with a compression terminal, the multiplexers 83 - 85 separate wave streams with almost no loss of signal power. For subscriber terminals it is advisable to use the device on one prism.
  • linear ends and / or electro-optical converters are located at the holes on the main mirrors 11 (51) and 12 (52).
  • the optical line ends at the openings of the main mirrors, in addition to the polished ends of the fibers, must contain a beam former with an internal diameter of 0.05 to 2.5 mm at the exit openings, for example, a microlens.
  • multiplexers 83 and 85 optical terminations of lines are installed on the openings of subscriber rasters of compaction devices, and in multiplexers 84 electro-optical converters - LEDs and photodiodes, to which electronic interface circuits are connected, are connected to the holes in the mirrors with fiber with similar linear ends.
  • Telephone or video telephone terminals 81 and 86 with an optical interface and / or terminals 82 with an electrical interface can be connected to the OATC.
  • Terminals 81 are connected to multiplexers 85 and contain only electro-optical converters - LEDs and photodiodes.
  • Terminals 82 are connected to multiplexers 84 in twisted pairs.
  • Terminals 86 comprise a sealing terminal device on one prism and are connected to multiplexers 83 either directly or through passive coupler chains 87.
  • the couplers introduce power losses that limit the number of terminals or line lengths and can be used in terminal wiring in a house or entrance.
  • OATC provides each terminal D with a synchronization channel and several “multilingual and multimedia)) channels either via several lines from multiplexers 84 and 85, or along one line from multiplexers 83.
  • a separate input / output of D channel is allocated for each terminal 86 in the switching system. , but for terminals 81 and 82, either separate or one common to the multiplexer 84 and 85, while the D channel branches in the multiplexers.
  • the OATC 69 switching system (Fig. 6) is described in [3, 4] and consists of S multiple optical connectors.
  • a connector with number i in the range l ⁇ i ⁇ S performs the functions K (i) of independent switching matrices with M (i) inputs and N (i) outputs in each matrix.
  • the main switching element of the system is an optical key matrix based on liquid crystals or ferroceramics.
  • All connectors are connected in series with passive light guide screens or multi-point image intensifiers.
  • One side of the screen or amplifier at the input of the switching system or connector with number i is an array of optical signal receivers, and the other is an array of sources for the first or i + 1 connectors.
  • semiconductor arrays with a structure can be used, for example, a phototransistor - LED, or electron-optical converters.
  • the table shows the values of KxM and MxN and shows two groups of parameters for one and four panels of optical keys.
  • the total number of cascades S, the number of selecting cascades B, the number of mixing cascades C and D are the number of paths from each input to each output.
  • one cascade can partially fulfill the functions of a selector and a mixer.
  • a switching system based on multiple optical connectors covers the range of OATC capacities and optical switching nodes from small to large.
  • the capacitance MxN of the switching matrices in the optical connector depends on the light loss in the connector and on the gain provided by the image intensifiers.
  • Electron-optical converters with a microchannel plate give amplification from 500 to 2000 times.
  • the subscriber terminals contain an electro-optical or electronic interface unit, or a subscriber multiplexer to which the channel block D is connected, one or more blocks of “negotiable or multimedia)) channels, each of which contains subblocks of reception and transmission delays.
  • the terminal contains a user interface to a computer, keyboard, display devices (monitor and / or TV), memory (VCR), video camera and other subscriber devices.
  • Fiber optic cross-connects 10 and 12 are connected by fiber-optic wavelength-sealed connecting lines from other exchanges, OATC and / or outgoing / incoming communication nodes and lines from subscriber terminals, through a subscriber access system 65.
  • Fiber optic lines are sealed with broadband channels, most of which are used for multimedia and "communication" connections.
  • each subscriber line contains several common D subscriber signaling channels, and each connecting or one per group of lines contains a common signaling channel N ° 7 (0KC7).
  • the 610 software control unit executes a configuration mode.
  • the control device clears the memory of the state of the switching system, and then outputs to the switching system 69, at its outputs 622, a sequence of commands by which constant paths from the signaling outputs 623 to the D channels of the subscriber line group and the OKC7 trunk lines in the selectors are switched off in the switching system 67, as well as its signaling inputs 624 in multiplexers 68, permanent paths to the D channels of the subscriber line group and the OKC7 trunk lines are switched off.
  • control unit 610 transmits the “restart” and “not ready to receive” commands with the address common to all terminals at which all the terminals of the group subscriber lines stop transmission, set the transmission delay to zero and wait for synchronization commands.
  • the device 610 begins to sequentially synchronize the terminals connected to each line. To this end, the device 610 issues a “ready to receive” command with the address of the first terminal via the D channel, and after it starts transmitting a test sequence consisting of several fragments shifted by a fraction of a bit. The terminal is synchronized by the first fragment of the test sequence and without delay transmits it to the OATC.
  • a software control device 610 receives a terminal response through a selector 67, a switching system 69 and a multiplexer 68. The propagation time is determined from the correctly received part of the test sequence. The device 610 stores the amount of delay in the memory allocated to the terminal.
  • control device Upon completion of the synchronization of the group of lines, the control device issues a sequence of commands to the switching system for switching inputs / outputs 624/623 to the next group, etc.
  • the OATC control unit For trunk lines, the OATC control unit, via common signaling channels, alternately requests a test sequence from other exchanges. By the correct reception of some fragments and errors in others, the control unit 610 determines for each line the offset of the incoming signal from the OATC clock by a fraction of a bit and a byte. The OATC control device stores this information for each trunk in its memory and enters the traffic switching mode.
  • control unit 610 In switching mode, the control unit 610 alternately switches the outputs / inputs 623/624 to all groups of subscriber and trunk lines. For each group, the OATC control device receives messages from D channels of subscriber lines and common trunk signaling channels.
  • the control unit For D channels, the control unit periodically polls the terminals periodically with a “ready to receive” command with the address of the selected terminal, which either transmits one or more messages for OATC via the D channel and ends the polling session with a ready command, or ends the session without sending messages, and OATC completes the polling the terminal with the “not ready to receive” command,
  • the OATC software control device processes according to algorithms similar to those accepted in ISDN PBXs, generates response messages and transmits them to channels D and OKC7.
  • the control device finds in the state memory of the switching system a free path from channel A, on which the “call” was received, to channel B of the connecting line or subscriber, whose number is contained in the call message, and the second path from channel B to channel A.
  • the control device marks these paths occupied in its memory for the duration of the conversation. Then, when the called party answers, along these paths, the control device disconnects two connections A- ⁇ B and B-> A in the switching system. In addition, according to the delay in the received signals from the terminals or trunks defined in the configuration mode, A transmits to the terminal B the "Set receive delay" command.
  • the control device disconnects the connections on paths A- ⁇ B and B- ⁇ A and marks these paths free.
  • the goal is the operation of OATC in synchronous and asynchronous modes is achieved by an asynchronous switching system and controlled delay lines in subscriber terminals.
  • the goal is to reduce OATC manufacturing accuracy requirements by connecting a single fiber line multiplexer to the line ends not directly but through a sealing device

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des techniques de communications optiques et électriques utilisant des lignes à fibres optiques et servant au multiplexage très dense de groupes importants de lignes à fibres optiques urbaines et interurbaines. Les dispositifs de multiplexage de l'invention sont plus simples et peuvent être réglés sur n'importe quelle gamme d'ondes optiques. A cet effet, dans un premier mode de réalisation le dispositif de multiplexage dense comprend un circuit optique à boucles en zigzag basé sur des miroirs entre lesquels on a monté une boucle à P >= 1 prismes. Il est destiné au multiplexage d'un grand nombre de lignes à fibres optiques. Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend deux ou plusieurs cascades à circuit optique à boucles en zigzag. Le central téléphonique automatique optique comprend des dispositifs de multiplexage à lignes multiples, communs à toutes les lignes optiques ou à de grand groupes de lignes, ainsi qu'un système de commutation constitué de connecteurs optiques multiples, reliés par des écrans à points multiples entre cascades au lieu d'un très grand nombre de connexions à fibres optiques.
PCT/RU2007/000134 2006-03-20 2007-03-19 Dispositif fonctionnant par répartition en longueur d'onde dense (et variante) et central téléphonique automatique optique WO2007108723A1 (fr)

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RU2006108459/09A RU2308820C1 (ru) 2006-03-20 2006-03-20 Устройство уплотнения по длинам волн (варианты) и оптическая атс
RU2006108459 2006-03-20

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CN107093487A (zh) * 2017-04-25 2017-08-25 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 高密度光栅的制作方法及高密度光栅

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RU2649852C1 (ru) * 2017-04-10 2018-04-05 Акционерное общество "Российский институт радионавигации и времени" Система синхронизации

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US3831035A (en) * 1972-02-09 1974-08-20 Philips Corp Switching network for information channels, preferably in the optical frequency range
US4074142A (en) * 1975-09-10 1978-02-14 Jackson Albert S Optical cross-point switch
RU2234817C1 (ru) * 2003-05-14 2004-08-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Тамбовский научно-исследовательский институт радиотехники "Эфир" Телефонная станция оперативной связи
RU2238615C2 (ru) * 2002-09-16 2004-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Центральное конструкторское бюро связи" Многократный оптический соединитель и оптическая коммутационная система

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US3831035A (en) * 1972-02-09 1974-08-20 Philips Corp Switching network for information channels, preferably in the optical frequency range
US4074142A (en) * 1975-09-10 1978-02-14 Jackson Albert S Optical cross-point switch
RU2238615C2 (ru) * 2002-09-16 2004-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Центральное конструкторское бюро связи" Многократный оптический соединитель и оптическая коммутационная система
RU2234817C1 (ru) * 2003-05-14 2004-08-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Тамбовский научно-исследовательский институт радиотехники "Эфир" Телефонная станция оперативной связи

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107093487A (zh) * 2017-04-25 2017-08-25 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 高密度光栅的制作方法及高密度光栅
CN107093487B (zh) * 2017-04-25 2023-06-27 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 高密度光栅的制作方法

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