WO2007104838A1

WO2007104838A1 - Covered passageway construction

Info

Publication number: WO2007104838A1
Application number: PCT/FR2006/050209
Authority: WO
Inventors: Marcel Matiere
Original assignee: Societe Civile De Brevets Matiere
Priority date: 2006-03-10
Filing date: 2006-03-10
Publication date: 2007-09-20

Abstract

The invention relates to a covered passageway construction bounded by a wall (1) which consists of successively placed prefabricated elements and which is covered by a backfill, said wall (1) comprising, in cross section, a covering element (30) resting on two side wall elements (20, 20'). According to the invention, the prefabricated elements (20) constituting at least one of the side walls (2) are each provided with a supporting part (4) in the form of a hollow box bounding at least one cavity (40) which extends over at least some of the height of the element (2) and which is aligned with the cavities of the other successively placed elements (20) so as to form the side wall (2), the whole thus constituting an auxiliary conduit extending along the said side wall (2). The invention can be applied particularly to road or rail traffic.

Description

Ouyrage of covered passage

The invention relates to a covered walkway and is especially applicable to the realization of buried under embankment, for road or rail traffic.

The improvement of the traffic lanes or the construction of new roads, for example motorways, leads to the construction of many works, as a motorway lane and, all the more so, a railway must follow a relatively smooth and crosses.

It has been apparent for several years that it might be interesting, for the crossing of valleys, to pass the taxiway on a platform formed at the top of a slope made by backfilling. In this case, it is generally necessary to cross transversely this slope by a conduit for the passage to a lower level, for example a river or another traffic lane.

On the other hand, in order to maintain a smooth slope in relatively uneven terrain, it is often necessary to cut the platform in the bottom of an open trench and it is often preferable for the respect of the environment, backfill the trench to restore the level of the natural terrain. The traffic lane then passes in a buried duct limited by a wall comprising a cover resting on two piers. In order to produce buried pipes of large cross section, the applicant company has developed, for several years, an original construction technique in which the duct wall consists of juxtaposed prefabricated elements and comprises, for example, in cross-section, at least three elements, respectively two lateral piers with an enlarged base allowing to be placed on the ground standing upright by themselves and at least one upper element resting, by its sides, on the two piers.

This technique, described in particular in the European patent EP-0244890, makes it possible to economically and quickly conduct buried pipes under a fill whose height can exceed 10 m.

On the other hand, if the structure must have a large width, for example for the passage of several highway lanes, it is interesting to make a structure consisting of several parallel ducts separated by intermediate piers. Such a technique has been described in detail in the European Patent EP-0202256 of the same applicant.

Generally speaking, for the realization of such a work, a laying platform is firstly made in the bottom of a trench, and then the prefabricated elements are placed in position. one after the other so as to form two lateral piers on which come to rest, the vault elements which close the channel upwards. The elements are connected, at least at their base, by concrete longitudinal joints or a cast-in-place raft. The embankment is then made in successive layers so as to cover the structure to the desired level.

In the usual technique, the duct has a tubular shape, the piers elements and vault elements being curved in an arc, so as to connect tangentially forming a continuous vault. However, one of the advantages of this technique is to allow the use of elements having a large slenderness, ie a small thickness relative to their range, and these elements therefore have a relative flexibility even when are made of reinforced concrete. As a result, the tubular wall of the duct may be slightly deformed under the applied loads, by bearing, by its sides, on the backfill, which must therefore be able to accommodate these lateral forces. However, it is not always possible to make such an embankment, for example in urban site, when the width of the trench must be limited. In addition, it is sometimes necessary to provide, along the tubular duct, an auxiliary duct for the passage of pipes, pipes or electrical cables and side piers can not then lean laterally on the embankment. This is also the case when the taxiway is made over natural terrain and covered, however, with an embankment constituting an artificial hill to improve the environment, according to a provision described in document FR- A-2783536.

Whenever the embankment is unable to provide lateral support to the piers, the piers must be rigid enough to transmit the applied loads vertically to the ground.

Furthermore, during the installation of the elements and the realization of the embankment, the elements of piers are subjected to possibly dissymmetrical forces and can move slightly if their stability is not sufficient.

The object of the invention is to solve such problems by means of new arrangements which make it possible to increase the rigidity and the stability of the pedestal elements without unduly increasing the weight thereof and, moreover, to produce, at the same time, a duct auxiliary allowing the passage of pipes or cables and may have other uses.

The invention therefore generally relates to a covered passageway comprising at least one tubular duct having a longitudinal axis and limited by a wall comprising a cover resting on two piers, at least one of the piers consisting of 'elements prefabricated concrete placed one after the other and each having a lower part forming a support base on a laying surface and an upper support part of the cover.

According to the invention, the prefabricated elements constituting at least one of the piers are each provided with a hollow box-shaped support portion limiting at least one cavity extending over at least a part of the height of the element, said cavities being aligned and forming at least one auxiliary duct along said pedestal, after the installation of the elements one after the other. In the case where the structure comprises at least two tubular conduits with parallel axes placed on either side of at least one intermediate cross-piece, the latter advantageously consists of prefabricated elements each provided with a box-shaped part. hollow extending over at least a portion of the height of the pedestal. Preferably, the box-shaped support portion is molded in one piece with the pedestal member. However, in another embodiment, the cross member may consist of two separately molded portions, respectively a main force transmitting portion, comprising a substantially vertical wall extending between a base of support on the ground and an upper support edge of the cover, and a support portion comprising a wall spaced apart from the main wall and extending between the support base on the ground and a connecting means with the main wall, to limit a central cavity. In a particularly advantageous manner, each wall element has, throughout its height, a hollow box shape, said element comprising two spaced apart vertical walls interconnected by at least two cross members, respectively a bottom rail forming the base of support on the laying surface and a top rail forming a support for the cover. Advantageously, each cross-leg element may be provided with at least two superimposed cavities so as to constitute, after placement of the elements, at least two auxiliary ducts inside the wall. In certain cases, in order to produce a structure comprising two parallel tubular ducts, it may be preferable, in order to avoid having to make intermediary side members, to construct two identical tubular ducts, the intermediate door being replaced by two rows of elements. prefabricated each limiting one of the conduits and placed back to back, said elements being spaced apart by a free space and interconnected by at least one cross member which extends horizontally to a sufficient height above the base to ensure the rigidity of the set formed by the two elements.

Advantageously, the free space between the two ducts is closed by a continuous wall, at the level of the securing crosspieces, and constitutes, after the laying of the pedestrian elements, an auxiliary duct extending between the two adjacent ducts.

According to a particularly advantageous arrangement for structures of great length, for example several hundred meters, at least a portion of the prefabricated elements of the wall comprises an opening in the wall of the wall for communicating the tubular duct with the central cavity , so that the aligned cavities form an exhaust duct insulated from the tubular duct. But the invention will be better understood by the following description of some embodiments given by way of example and shown in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows, in cross section, a first embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows another embodiment of a pedestal element

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a structure according to the invention having two parallel sections. Figure 4 shows in cross section, a multi-section structure.

Figure 5 shows in cross section, another embodiment of a structure with two parallel sections.

As indicated above, the object of the invention is to produce covered passageways using the technique described, in particular in European patent EP-0244890, in which the duct wall consists of prefabricated elements forming sections. juxtaposed comprising, in cross section to the longitudinal axis of the duct, two pedestal elements on which rests a vault element.

In general, as shown in Figure 1 which is a cross-sectional view of such a conduit A placed on a horizontal platform B, each side member 20, 20 'comprises a wall 21 resting on the ground by a base 22 and curved inwardly of the duct A so as to connect tangentially, by its upper end 23, to the lateral edge 31 of a vault element 30. Preferably, at least the adjacent parts of the side element 20 and the arch element 30 have the shape of circular sectors of the same radius of curvature. Advantageously, the upper ends 23 of the pane elements 20 and the lateral edges 31 of the vault elements 30 are provided with recessed and protruding portions forming an articulated support. On the other hand, the lower ends 24 of the side members 2, 2 'can be provided with reinforcements waiting sealed in a raft 11, which makes it possible to distribute over a very large surface the loads applied by the embankment D on the wall 1 of the duct A. It is possible, however, particularly for large spans, to provide at the base of each element of piédroit 1 a footing of sufficient width to spread on the soil the applied loads, the slab can be removed.

All these provisions are well known and do not require a detailed description.

In general, an essential advantage of this technique lies in the fact that it is possible, even for very large passage sections, to produce prefabricated elements having a large slenderness, that is to say a small thickness by report within their reach. For this reason and because they are connected tangentially, the prefabricated elements have a certain flexibility, even when they are made of concrete and the tubular wall 1 can be slightly deformed under the effect of the loads applied by bearing laterally on the parts of the embankment D placed on either side of the piers 2, 2 '. It is possible, in fact, to perform technical embankments with the ability to withstand such efforts.

But the realization of such embankments is not always possible. This is the case, for example, when the pipe must be made near foundations or on the bottom of a trench that must be periodically reopened. It is interesting, in this case, to increase the rigidity of the piers, for example by providing stiffening ribs.

Moreover, the duct is not always made on the bottom of a trench to perform embankment on both sides of the duct.

For example, in the case shown in FIG. 1, the walkway may lead to a terrain T having a steep slope such that the platform B must be made of cuttings on one side of the duct and, possibly, on an embankment, on the other side. As indicated in document FR-A-2 783 536 cited above, it is interesting, even in this case, to make an embankment above the conduit to cover it by a kind of artificial hill that restores the environment and provides, in addition, protection against noise. However, in this case, the embankment placed on the side of the slope can not cash side forces and it is necessary to strengthen the sidewall by a stiffening rib.

Moreover, in such covered structures, it is often necessary to provide an auxiliary conduit for passing pipes or electrical circuits. Usually, this auxiliary duct is provided below a sidewalk which allows to circulate inside the duct for maintenance operations. As a result, the passage section of the duct is reduced, which is troublesome, for example, when the duct serves for the passage of a river or stream below a traffic lane. In addition, the dimensions of such an auxiliary duct formed inside the structure, are necessarily limited.

The invention solves all of these problems with the arrangement shown schematically in Figure 1.

According to the invention, in fact, at least one of the crosspieces 2 consists of prefabricated elements 20 each comprising, on the outside of the duct A, a stabilization portion 4 in the form of a box, bounded by a wall 41 which is extends upwardly from a base 42 and at least a portion of the height of the pawl 2 to connect to the wall 21 thereof. Thus, along each side member 20, there is provided a hollow box which stiffens and improves the stability of the prefabricated element 20, without unduly increasing its weight. On the other hand, the caisson 4 limits a central cavity 40 and, after the elements 20 have been placed one after the other to form the lateral side wall 2 of the duct A, these cavities are aligned and together form a auxiliary duct 40, extending along the side 2. This auxiliary duct, placed outside the structure, does not reduce the passage section and may, if necessary, have relatively large dimensions. On the other hand, the wall 21 of some elements of piers 2 may be provided, at regular intervals, with openings 24 allowing access to the auxiliary conduit 40 formed by the aligned boxes 4. It is thus possible, by providing the opening 24 of a suitable door, to use the corridor 40 for the evacuation of people in case of an accident inside the structure.

Normally, the prefabricated elements constituting the piers 2, 2 'and the vault 3 are made of reinforced concrete, possibly made of fiber concrete.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the wall 41 of the box 4 is cast separately from the prefabricated element 20 whose wall 21 can be provided, at the desired level, with means 46 for joining the wall 41 of the box 4. for example simple frames left waiting.

However, the box 4 can also be molded in one piece with the wall 21 of the prefabricated element 20. In this case, as shown schematically in Figure 2, the box 4 is limited, inwardly, by a part vertical 21a which connects tangentially to the curved upper portion of the wall 21 and, outwardly, by an inclined support portion 41a which connects to the base 22a of the element.

Such a pedestal with box is very rigid and stable, even for a large height, and its weight remains compatible with the capacity of a construction crane.

On the other hand, such double-walled elements can advantageously be used to make an intermediate crosspiece, in the case of a structure comprising a plurality of parallel passage sections A ₁ , A ₂ , as shown in FIG. 3.

A provision of this type has been described in patent EP 0 202 256 of the same inventor. However, in the case of the invention, each element 50 of the intermediate plate 5 has the shape of a box bounded by two vertical walls 51, 52, a lower cross member 53 forming an enlarged sole and an upper cross member 54 carrying two bodies. support 56 for two vault elements 30, 30 'which close up the two passage sections A1, A2. These bearing members 55 may be constituted, for example, hollow bottom grooves in which fit the rounded edges 31 of the vault elements 30, 30 ', so as to form joints with longitudinal axis.

On the side opposite to the intermediate pane 5, the vault elements 30, 30 'rest on wall elements 20, 20' constituted, as usual, by a curved wall 21 resting on an enlarged base 22.

Such a technique makes it possible to realize very quickly and economically works of very great width, for example for the passage of two traffic lanes in each section A1, A2, the vault elements 31, 31 'can have a very large range, for example from 10 to 15 meters.

For the construction of the structure, the prefabricated elements 20, 50 constituting the central pane 5 and the lateral piers 2, 2 'are placed first on the bottom B of the trench and then the elements of vault 30, 30 'and the trench D is then backfilled in successive layers. At the installation of the vault elements 30 and during backfilling, the piers elements and, in particular the intermediate pane 5, can be subjected to shocks and asymmetrical forces. It is therefore interesting to increase the rigidity and the stability of the elements 50 by giving them the box shape shown in FIG.

As before, after the installation and alignment of the elements 50 to form the intermediate pane 5, the central cavities 55 are aligned and form a longitudinal corridor between the two ducts A1, A2. This corridor can be used to pass pipes, electrical circuits or a ventilation duct. In addition, openings 52 formed on the vertical walls 51, 51 'of some of the wall elements 50 allow, for example, to provide a refuge inside the wall. In ducts of fairly great length, this arrangement makes it easy to make an escape corridor by providing, for example, an opening 52 every 50 meters. The central cavity 55 of each side member provided with an aperture 52 could, moreover, be isolated from neighboring cavities by a sealed door so as to form a security lock.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have just been described as simple examples, other variants being possible without departing from the scope of protection defined by the claims. For example, it is possible to generalize the arrangement of Figure 3 to a multi-section structure having a plurality of box-shaped intermediate piers 5, each placed between two adjacent sections as shown in Figure 5.

If the wall has a large height, it is possible to provide inside thereof, several superimposed cavities separated by an intermediate cross member 57, for example, to provide a ventilation duct 55 'communicating through openings with the upper part of each duct A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ .

Figure 5 shows yet another embodiment. To make the prefabricated wall elements, it is necessary to have fairly expensive molds that are placed either in a prefabrication plant or near the construction site for major projects. If it is desired to avoid making a special mold for casting the elements 50 of the intermediate pane 5, it is possible to use the arrangement of FIG. 5 in which the two passage sections A ₁ , A ₂ of the structure are made in a conventional manner and therefore each comprise two side walls, respectively 2a, 2'a, 2'b, 2b consist of identical prefabricated elements 20 and on which rest vault elements 31. In this case, the side members 20a , 20b which limit the adjacent sides of the two adjacent ducts A1, A2 are placed back to back and separated by a free space 6 which is closed upwards by a cross member 61 fixed at its two ends, respectively, on the curved walls 21 'a, 21' b of the two elements. This cross member 61 is placed at a height h sufficient above the bottom 11 of the structure to ensure the rigidity of the assembly formed by the pair of side members 20a, 20b. The adjacent piers 2'a, 2'b therefore behave like a single pane formed of aligned boxes. Each crossmember 61 may constitute a slab extending along the entire length of the adjacent elements 20a, 20b, so as to constitute, over the entire length of the structure, a continuous cover limiting a corridor 6 which can communicate with each of the conduits A1, A2 through openings in some of the elements 20a, 20b.

The reference signs inserted after the technical features mentioned in the claims, are intended only to facilitate the understanding of the latter and in no way limit the scope.

Claims

1. Covered passageway comprising at least one tubular duct (A) having a longitudinal axis (10) and bounded by a wall (1) comprising a cover (3) resting on two piers (2, 2 '), at least 1 one of the piers (2) consisting of prefabricated elements (20) placed one after the other and each having a lower part (22) forming a support base on a laying surface (B) and an upper part (23) on which at least one covering element (30) bears, characterized in that the prefabricated elements (20) constituting at least one of the piers (2) are each provided with a part hollow box-shaped support member (4) limiting at least one cavity (40) extending over at least a portion of the height of the element (2) and, after the elements (20) have been installed, one following the other to form the cross-piece (2), said cavities (40) are aligned and form at least one auxiliary duct extending along said side wall (2).

2. A passage structure according to claim 1, comprising at least one intermediate cross-piece (5) placed between two tubular conduits (A ₁ , A ₂ ) with parallel axes, characterized in that the intermediate cross-piece (5) consists of prefabricated elements (50) each provided with a central cavity (55) extending over at least a portion of the height of the pedestal (5).

3. A passage structure according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the box-shaped support portion (4) is molded in one piece with the side member (2).

4. A passageway according to claim 3, characterized in that each crosspiece element (50) has at least one central cavity (55) bounded by two vertical walls (51, 51 ') spaced apart from each other and interconnected by at least two cross members, respectively a lower cross member (53) forming a support base on the surface of pose (B) and an upper cross member (54) carrying at least one support member (56) for a cover member (30).

5. A passage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that each crosspiece element (50) is provided with at least two superimposed cavities (55, 55 ') so as to constitute, after placement of the elements, the minus two auxiliary ducts inside the pedestal

(5)

6. A passageway according to claim 1, characterized in that the crosspiece element (20) comprises two separately molded parts, respectively a main part of transmission of forces, comprising a substantially vertical wall (21) limiting the duct (A), extending between a base (22) for bearing on the ground and an upper edge (23) for supporting the covering element (30), and a supporting part comprising a wall (41) spaced from the main wall (21) by a free space (40) and extending between the base (22) of support on the ground and a means (46) of junction with the main wall (21), to limit a central cavity (40).

7. A passageway according to claim 1, comprising at least two tubular conduits (A ₁ , A ₂ ) with parallel axes placed side by side, characterized in that two adjacent ducts (A ₁ , A ₂ ) are limited, on their common side by two adjacent piers (2'a, 2'b) separated by a free space (6) and each consisting of a series of prefabricated elements placed one after the other, the elements ( 20a, 20b) adjacent piers of the two ducts being connected together in pairs by at least one crossmember (61) placed at a sufficient height above the base, to ensure the rigidity of each pair of two pedestrian elements adjacent (20a, 20b).

8. A passageway according to claim 7, characterized in that the space (6) between the elements (20a, 20b) of the two adjacent piers (2'a, 2'b) is closed over the entire length of the two ducts so as to form, after the laying of the two piers (2'a, 2'b), an auxiliary duct (6) extending between the two tubular ducts (A ₁ , A ₂ ) over the entire length of the work.

9. A passageway according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a portion of the prefabricated elements (20) constituting a sidewall (2) comprise an opening (52) formed in the wall (51) of the right (5) for communicating the central cavity (55) with the main duct A, the aligned cavities (6) of the set of side members (50) forming a discharge corridor all along the tubular duct (AT).

10. A passageway according to claim 9, characterized in that the central cavity (6) of each side element communicating with the main conduit (A) forms an airlock provided with sealed doors in communication with the other cavities forming the escape corridor.