WO2007096734A1 - Method for drilling-and-blasting operations at open pits - Google Patents

Method for drilling-and-blasting operations at open pits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007096734A1
WO2007096734A1 PCT/IB2007/000387 IB2007000387W WO2007096734A1 WO 2007096734 A1 WO2007096734 A1 WO 2007096734A1 IB 2007000387 W IB2007000387 W IB 2007000387W WO 2007096734 A1 WO2007096734 A1 WO 2007096734A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blast
modeling
rock
drilling
database
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/000387
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Vitaliy Akimovich Kovalenko
Vyacheslav Grigorievich Dolgushev
Original Assignee
Institute Of Communications And Information Technologies, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute Of Communications And Information Technologies, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University filed Critical Institute Of Communications And Information Technologies, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
Publication of WO2007096734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007096734A1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/16Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for mining at open pits of e.g. coal, ore as well as non-ore mineral deposits.
  • the invention relates to a method for drilling— and— blasting operation at open pits, wherein boreholes are drilled and then blast loads put into them to blast rocks.
  • Drilling— and— blasting operation is the universally used method in the mining industry, conventionally used to loosen rock masses composed by heterogeneous rocks.
  • DBO used to loosen deposits composed by rocky and semi-rocky rocks, is a low efficiency of high explosives energy use while blasting, due to insufficient taking into account of actual physical and mechanical properties of rock masses being blasted.
  • the object of the present invention is to increase mining productivity, in particular the efficiency of drilling— and— blasting operations through more efficient energy distribution over the rock massif volume being destroyed.
  • the invention addresses this problem through the preliminary modeling of a network of blast holes at an operational unit with a uniform distribution over the volumes of elementary units of the zones of rock destruction caused by single hole blasts. Then a simulation blast of the operational unit is modeled, based on which the coordinates of blast holes are determined. Then, while drilling the blast holes, data on rock properties is transmitted to the database, and the final blast is modeled before making blast hole charges, based on the factual blast hole coordinates and rock properties making up the particular operational unit. Modeling of a uniform distribution of rock destruction zones over the elementary unit volume formed by single hole blasts is carried out in a semiautomatic mode taking into account their interactions within rock destruction zones and data on rock properties obtained while drilling upper horizon and adjacent elementary units boreholes. Simulation blasts are modeled via iterations. Online transmission of data on properties of rocks adjacent to a borehole is carried out by means of data collection and remote data transmission for further introduction into the digital model of the deposit.
  • Blast parameters for an operational unit are corrected, based on results of the final blast modeling.
  • Rock destruction quality assessment results are transmitted to the rock property database to be used while modeling for the working out of the lower level of the pit.
  • Modeling prior to actual borehole networking, simulation modeling of blasting operational units before drilling and further correction of the determined coordinates, considering the real rock data from the boreholes, and final modeling of the blast with factual borehole coordinates and strength characteristics of the rock committee allow a quality drilling project to be designed and blast hole charges of optimal yields to be formed for required rock destruction, which increases the open pit DBO efficiency.
  • Inclusion of the operational unit rock destruction quality assessment results into the database for modeling prior to the working out of the lower levels of the pit increases an effectiveness and time efficiency of open pit DBO.
  • this method provides a tool for daily planning of mining Operations.
  • Fig.1 shows a general cross-sectional view of the operational unit of an open pit, the operational unit being sub-divided into elementary units; and Fig.2 shows the same view from above.
  • the method for drilling— and— blasting operations at open pits is carried out in the following way.
  • a database on rock properties is formed and updated while drilling blast holes, and then a digital model of the deposit is constructed.
  • An operational survey is carried out, based on which the rock massif is divided in the boundaries of each level of the open pit field 1 into operational units 2, in turn divided into elementary units 3 with similar physical and mechanical rock properties.
  • the overall volume of the mass to be blasted is determined, taking into account the elementary units 3.
  • the geometrical model of operational unit 2 is extracted from the digital model of the deposit.
  • a design for drilling blast holes and then a certificate for the entire blast are made up, defining type of explosives, diameter and depth of boreholes.
  • the destruction quality is assessed after blasting (energy required for excavation of blasted rock, quantity and size of lumps, quality of rock breakup, etc.). The results are entered into the database and considered while performing drilling— and— blasting operations at other open pit units.
  • An application of the proposed method for drilling— and— blasting operations at open pits will significantly expedite and simplify the production at mineral deposits, save high explosives, increase a quality of rock loosening that will increase a productivity of mining equipment and improve an ecological situation while working out deposits by minimizing the environmental impact.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

Method for drilling and blasting operations at open pits includes providing a database on rock properties of the deposit; constructing a geometrical model of elementary units (3) of similar rock properties; designing a network of blast holes (4) and drilling the blast holes; determining a timing of sequential firing of a multi-shot blast; and blasting hole charges (5). The method further comprises the preliminary modeling of a network of blast holes comprising a uniform distribution over the volumes of elementary units of destruction zones caused by single hole blasts and the determination of blast hole coordinates based on the simulation blast modeling. Rock massif data is transmitted to the database while drilling the blast holes; the modeling of a final blast is based on the determined blast hole coordinates and rock properties of the operational unit; and the determination of blast hole charges is based on the final blast modeling.

Description

METHOD FOR DRILLING-AND-BLASTING OPERATIONS
AT OPEN PITS
Introduction
This invention relates to a method for mining at open pits of e.g. coal, ore as well as non-ore mineral deposits. In particular, the invention relates to a method for drilling— and— blasting operation at open pits, wherein boreholes are drilled and then blast loads put into them to blast rocks. Drilling— and— blasting operation (DBO) is the universally used method in the mining industry, conventionally used to loosen rock masses composed by heterogeneous rocks. However, the basic shortcoming of DBO, used to loosen deposits composed by rocky and semi-rocky rocks, is a low efficiency of high explosives energy use while blasting, due to insufficient taking into account of actual physical and mechanical properties of rock masses being blasted. As a result, conventional DBO is accompanied by large yields of lump rock pieces, insufficient workup of the bench rock or considerable rock excavations outside an area under blasting (Reference Book on Open Pit Mining Operations. Moscow. Mining, 1994, pp.195-199, 217-218). As a prototype, Russian Federation patent application RU 2261326 entitled "Method to Loosen Heterogeneous Solid Rocks" is used. This method comprises sequentially: a) collection of data on basic structural and strength rock properties, based on all available survey results; b) detailed zoning of rock masses and selecting of massif operational units to. blast and, within the operational units, elementary homogeneous rock units; c) developing a software tool, and finally d) an automated elementary unit loosening by any applicable means: mechanical, pneumatical, by DBO or by a synergy of various means. More specifically, selective loosening of particular elementary units having identical component rock properties is not efficient for simultaneous destruction of large operational units. Also, it is proposed that in order to destroy elementary units of intermittent strength, boreholes of different diameters should be drilled within any rock massif being loosened according to the predetermined network of boreholes. While planning DBO for specific boreholes, a variation of rock massif strength over its volume is not taken into account, which leads to inefficient energy distribution inside the unit being destroyed and, in turn, to operational cost increase and DBO productivity decrease, since drilling tools need to be replaced and other equipment re-adjusted, dependent on a particular way of borehole drilling (rotary, percussion-rotary, rotary-percussion or a combination thereof). The purpose of the software tool is merely to automatically choose appropriate means for loosening, which is by no means an appropriate application of state-of-the-art computer technologies to mining operations at large quarries if automated simultaneous massive destruction of rock units is implied.
Object of the invention
The object of the present invention is to increase mining productivity, in particular the efficiency of drilling— and— blasting operations through more efficient energy distribution over the rock massif volume being destroyed.
General description of the invention
Particularly, the invention addresses this problem through the preliminary modeling of a network of blast holes at an operational unit with a uniform distribution over the volumes of elementary units of the zones of rock destruction caused by single hole blasts. Then a simulation blast of the operational unit is modeled, based on which the coordinates of blast holes are determined. Then, while drilling the blast holes, data on rock properties is transmitted to the database, and the final blast is modeled before making blast hole charges, based on the factual blast hole coordinates and rock properties making up the particular operational unit. Modeling of a uniform distribution of rock destruction zones over the elementary unit volume formed by single hole blasts is carried out in a semiautomatic mode taking into account their interactions within rock destruction zones and data on rock properties obtained while drilling upper horizon and adjacent elementary units boreholes. Simulation blasts are modeled via iterations. Online transmission of data on properties of rocks adjacent to a borehole is carried out by means of data collection and remote data transmission for further introduction into the digital model of the deposit.
Blast parameters for an operational unit are corrected, based on results of the final blast modeling. Rock destruction quality assessment results are transmitted to the rock property database to be used while modeling for the working out of the lower level of the pit. Modeling prior to actual borehole networking, simulation modeling of blasting operational units before drilling and further correction of the determined coordinates, considering the real rock data from the boreholes, and final modeling of the blast with factual borehole coordinates and strength characteristics of the rock massif allow a quality drilling project to be designed and blast hole charges of optimal yields to be formed for required rock destruction, which increases the open pit DBO efficiency. Inclusion of the operational unit rock destruction quality assessment results into the database for modeling prior to the working out of the lower levels of the pit increases an effectiveness and time efficiency of open pit DBO. As a result of the method, the productivity of operations at quarries will be optimized from mine-to-mill as a whole. In particular, the output of this method consists of a network of optimal boreholes, a specific charge for every borehole and the sequential timing of shooting which maximizes the efficiency of the whole blast. To sum up, this method provides a tool for daily planning of mining Operations.
Detailed description with respect to the figures
The present invention will be more apparent from the following description of a not limiting embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, wherein
Fig.1 shows a general cross-sectional view of the operational unit of an open pit, the operational unit being sub-divided into elementary units; and Fig.2 shows the same view from above.
The method for drilling— and— blasting operations at open pits is carried out in the following way.
Based on the information from geological surveys (supplementary surveys and other data obtained while working out the deposit), a database on rock properties is formed and updated while drilling blast holes, and then a digital model of the deposit is constructed. An operational survey is carried out, based on which the rock massif is divided in the boundaries of each level of the open pit field 1 into operational units 2, in turn divided into elementary units 3 with similar physical and mechanical rock properties. Based on the survey data for operational unit 2, the overall volume of the mass to be blasted is determined, taking into account the elementary units 3. The geometrical model of operational unit 2 is extracted from the digital model of the deposit. A design for drilling blast holes and then a certificate for the entire blast are made up, defining type of explosives, diameter and depth of boreholes. Statistical processing of destruction quality assessment results for the upper level of the pit is performed and parameters of the drilling energy vs. rock strength relationship are determined as well as the destruction zone for a single borehole for the given fraction composition in the volume" of each elementary unit 3. The sum of the boreholes for each elementary unit 3 determines the overall number of boreholes for the operational unit 2. The number and coordinates of the boreholes 4 to be put within operational unit 2 are determined iteratively taking into account its configuration and physical and mechanical properties of rock by solving the mathematical problem of the even distribution of a given number of destruction zones inside a unit of an arbitrary configuration with a special software program. After the optimal arrangement of boreholes 4 within operational unit 2 (in 2D and 3D graphic view) is found, a simulation blast is modeled before drilling. Based on the simulation blast results, coordinates of the boreholes 4 are adjusted with consideration of data on rock properties obtained while drilling boreholes of the upper level of the pit and boreholes of adjacent elementary units. Based on the adjusted coordinates, the design for operational unit 2 drilling according to which the boreholes 4 are drilled, is corrected. While drilling blast holes 4, strength rock parameters are monitored online; modifications are introduced into the database on deposit rock properties. After drilling of operational unit 2, the final blast is modeled using the software and data obtained from boreholes 4. Based on this final blast modeling results, the quantity and type of explosives and the design of blast hole charges 5 are set and the "Certificate for Blast" on operational unit 2 is approved. Rock destruction at operational unit 2 is done by blasting blast hole charges 5. The optimal distribution of high explosives in boreholes 4 according to the selected coordinates and physical and mechanical properties of the rock formations at elementary unit 3, when blasting the blast hole charges 5, leads to a homogeneous rock fractionation of the whole operational unit 2. The destruction quality is assessed after blasting (energy required for excavation of blasted rock, quantity and size of lumps, quality of rock breakup, etc.). The results are entered into the database and considered while performing drilling— and— blasting operations at other open pit units.
An application of the proposed method for drilling— and— blasting operations at open pits will significantly expedite and simplify the production at mineral deposits, save high explosives, increase a quality of rock loosening that will increase a productivity of mining equipment and improve an ecological situation while working out deposits by minimizing the environmental impact.
List of Reference Signs
1 open pit field
2 operational unit
3 elementary unit
4 borehole 5 blast hole charge

Claims

Claims
1. Method for drilling— and— blasting operations at open pits, comprising the steps of: constructing a geometrical model of an operational unit divided into elementary units of similar rock properties; designing a network of blast holes in said operational unit; drilling the blast holes into said operational unit; and determining a timing of sequential firing of a multi-shot blast and blast hole charges; characterized in that prior to designing said network of blast holes in said operational unit, a preliminary modeling of a network of blast holes is performed, said preliminary modeling comprising a uniform distribution of elementary units of destruction zones caused by single hole blasts; based on said preliminary modeling of a network of blast holes and on preliminary database of rock property data, a modeling of a simulation blast is performed; based on said modeling of a simulation blast, blast hole coordinates are determined; while drilling said blast holes, additional rock property data is collected and said preliminary database of rock property data is updated with said additional rock property data; based on said determined blast hole coordinates and said updated database of rock property data, a modeling of a final blast is performed; and based on said final blast modeling, said blast hole charges are determined.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the determination of blast hole charges comprises the determination of the quantity and/or the type of explosives.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said preliminary modeling is performed in semi-automatic mode, taking into account blast interactions and data from said database of rock property data updated with rock property data obtained while drilling boreholes of the upper level of the pit and boreholes of adjacent elementary units.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein modeling of simulation blasts is performed iteratively.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein rock property data of rocks adjacent to the borehole is transmitted into said database of rock property data, for further introduction into a digital model of the deposit.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein blasting parameters at the operational unit are adjusted based on the results of the final blast modeling.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein rock destruction quality is assessed after blasting.
8. Method according to claim 7, wherein the results of said rock destruction quality assessments are stored in said rock property database and used while modeling simulation blasts at the lower level of the pit.
PCT/IB2007/000387 2006-02-20 2007-02-19 Method for drilling-and-blasting operations at open pits WO2007096734A1 (en)

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KG20060016.1 2006-02-20
KG060016 2006-02-20

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102562070A (en) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-11 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 Process and system for striping and mining solid ore rock masses of surface mine
CN102663183A (en) * 2012-03-31 2012-09-12 浙江大学 Blasting simulation method in digital mine
CN103512441A (en) * 2013-10-23 2014-01-15 瓮福(集团)有限责任公司 Blasting method for separating mines from rocks
CN105824998A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-08-03 中国矿业大学(北京) Intelligent design system and method for blasting excavation construction
CN107144191A (en) * 2017-06-16 2017-09-08 西安科技大学 A kind of step demolition of strip mines bore distribution method
EP3543458A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-25 Accenture Global Solutions Limited System and method for controlling a drill and blast event
CN110986707A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 淳安千岛湖子龙土石方工程有限公司 Cofferdam blasting method
RU2723419C1 (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-06-11 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" Method of development of local areas of mineralization in strong rocks
US10837750B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-11-17 Dyno Nobel Inc. Systems for automated loading of blastholes and methods related thereto
CN112696998A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station
WO2021118168A3 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-08-05 주식회사 한화 Device for converting blasting pattern coordinate and providing same, and method therefor
CN113280703A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-08-20 中铁十八局集团有限公司 Drilling and blasting construction tunnel overbreak and underexcavation control method based on BIM technology
CN113357982A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-09-07 本溪钢铁(集团)矿业有限责任公司 Hard rock strip mine blasting network design method
WO2021236932A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Dyno Nobel Inc. Distinct element rock blasting movement methods, apparatuses, and systems
CN114001604A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-02-01 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 High and cold region multi-joint hard rock dam material blasting direct mining construction method
CN115121078A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-30 宁夏赛马水泥有限公司 Strip mine perforation blasting dust-settling method

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RU2723418C1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-06-11 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" Method for determining dimensions of a pre-destruction zone in a rock mass

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WO1990012330A2 (en) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-18 Measurement Devices Limited Hand-held laser rangefinder
US6772105B1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2004-08-03 Live Oak Ministries Blasting method
US20040225431A1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2004-11-11 Walter Aebi Method for installing an ignition system, and ignition system
WO2005052499A1 (en) * 2003-11-28 2005-06-09 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Method of blasting multiple layers or levels of rock

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102562070A (en) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-11 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 Process and system for striping and mining solid ore rock masses of surface mine
CN102663183A (en) * 2012-03-31 2012-09-12 浙江大学 Blasting simulation method in digital mine
CN103512441A (en) * 2013-10-23 2014-01-15 瓮福(集团)有限责任公司 Blasting method for separating mines from rocks
CN105824998A (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-08-03 中国矿业大学(北京) Intelligent design system and method for blasting excavation construction
CN105824998B (en) * 2016-03-11 2019-02-26 中国矿业大学(北京) A kind of development blasting construction intelligent design system and method
CN107144191A (en) * 2017-06-16 2017-09-08 西安科技大学 A kind of step demolition of strip mines bore distribution method
US11680782B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2023-06-20 Dyno Nobel Inc. Systems for automated loading of blastholes and methods related thereto
US10837750B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-11-17 Dyno Nobel Inc. Systems for automated loading of blastholes and methods related thereto
EP3543458A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-25 Accenture Global Solutions Limited System and method for controlling a drill and blast event
US11199389B2 (en) 2018-03-21 2021-12-14 Accenture Global Solutions Limited System and method for controlling a drill and blast event
CN110986707A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-04-10 淳安千岛湖子龙土石方工程有限公司 Cofferdam blasting method
CN110986707B (en) * 2019-11-25 2022-03-04 淳安千岛湖子龙土石方工程有限公司 Cofferdam blasting method
US20210372758A1 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-12-02 Hanwha Corporation Device and method for providing converted blasting pattern coordinate
WO2021118168A3 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-08-05 주식회사 한화 Device for converting blasting pattern coordinate and providing same, and method therefor
RU2723419C1 (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-06-11 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" Method of development of local areas of mineralization in strong rocks
WO2021236932A1 (en) * 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Dyno Nobel Inc. Distinct element rock blasting movement methods, apparatuses, and systems
CN112696998A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station
CN113357982A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-09-07 本溪钢铁(集团)矿业有限责任公司 Hard rock strip mine blasting network design method
CN113280703A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-08-20 中铁十八局集团有限公司 Drilling and blasting construction tunnel overbreak and underexcavation control method based on BIM technology
CN114001604A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-02-01 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 High and cold region multi-joint hard rock dam material blasting direct mining construction method
CN115121078A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-30 宁夏赛马水泥有限公司 Strip mine perforation blasting dust-settling method

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