WO2007095929A2 - Dispositif et procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux associés de collage constitués de matériau thermoplastique au moyen d'un rayonnement laser - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux associés de collage constitués de matériau thermoplastique au moyen d'un rayonnement laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007095929A2
WO2007095929A2 PCT/DE2007/000341 DE2007000341W WO2007095929A2 WO 2007095929 A2 WO2007095929 A2 WO 2007095929A2 DE 2007000341 W DE2007000341 W DE 2007000341W WO 2007095929 A2 WO2007095929 A2 WO 2007095929A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser beam
laser
joining
region
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2007/000341
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007095929A3 (fr
Inventor
Matthias Poggel
Arnold Gillner
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
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Publication of WO2007095929A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007095929A2/fr
Publication of WO2007095929A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007095929A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B29C65/1638—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/035—Aligning the laser beam
    • B23K26/037—Aligning the laser beam by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. pressing roller foot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1687—Laser beams making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1609—Visible light radiation, e.g. by visible light lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials

Definitions

  • Device and method for joining at least two joining partners consisting of thermoplastic material by means of laser radiation
  • the invention relates to a device and to a method for joining at least two respectively made of thermoplastic material joining partners by means of laser radiation, with a laser emitting laser laser and at least one laser radiation focusing on a volume range element in which both joining partners at least in sections a common joining plane and both joining partners undergo a mutual substance connection by way of a material fusion induced by the laser radiation.
  • Plastic welding with laser radiation is a widely used and increasingly well-established joining technique for the proper, precise joining of at least two joining partners consisting of thermoplastic plastic materials.
  • transmission welding in which laser light penetrates a joining partner transparent to the laser wavelength and is absorbed by a non-transparent joining partner.
  • the thermoplastic material absorbing the laser radiation melts and at the same time the transparent joining partner is also locally melted by the heat occurring in the melting region, whereby in this way both components have a material connection or welded joint received.
  • WO 95/26869 discloses a manufacturing method directed thereto in which two parts made of thermoplastic workpieces are firmly joined to one another by means of transmission welding. As in the precautions described above, it is the case in each case a workpiece part through which the laser beam passes into the joint joining region from a material with the highest possible transmission coefficient for the laser wavelength to choose, whereas the other workpiece part has the highest possible absorption based on the laser wavelength.
  • a main challenge is thus to provide suitably selected pigmentations in the respective joining partners, so that the laser radiation passes through one of the two joining partners with as little loss as possible and is absorbed by the other joining partner.
  • this takes place in a transparent-black combination by admixing soot particles in the absorbent joining partner.
  • soot particles are neither practicable nor desirable in those cases where the plastic materials have color tints or are made of both sides of transparent plastic material.
  • either laser light-absorbing intermediate layers or organic absorbers can be used, which are to be mixed into the joining partner to be absorbed.
  • Such absorbers are usually by an additional process step on the surface of the apply respective joining partner and also affect the color effect of the joining partners, especially in the joining plane, in which both joining partners come into physical contact.
  • absorbers are very expensive and in some cases thermally unstable, so they are not suitable for a classic plastic manufacturing process.
  • the optical properties of the plastics are adapted by suitable addition of additives to the laser beam wavelength used in each case. Since such absorbers usually have a natural color in the visible spectral range, it is therefore inevitable that compromises have to be made between the technical design choice and the color scheme of the joining product to be manufactured.
  • thermoplastic materials without the use of absorber materials influencing their individual color impression by means of laser beam welding methods. So it should be possible in particular to have two joining partners from optically identically appearing thermoplastic material by means of laser beam welding without absorber-related color deviations, especially in the joining area to obtain.
  • the invention has for its object to add a device and a method for joining at least two each consisting of thermoplastic material joining partners by means of laser radiation, is focused in the laser radiation through at least one joining partner in a volume range, the areas of both joining partners comprising, in the way by the laser radiation induced material fusion enter into a reciprocal material compound, so educate, that a material melt in the joining region of both joining partners without color impairment and in particular without the use of the laser wavelength absorbing absorber materials should be possible. Furthermore, it is possible to create two joining partners, which consist of thermoplastic materials which have the same optical appearance for the laser beam wavelength, by means of laser beam welding.
  • thermoplastic material of the joining partners is taken as given and is searched on the basis of the optical properties of the thermoplastics for suitable laser beam wavelengths in which the respective plastic material has a finitely large absorption coefficient, through which a suitably selected entry of laser beam energy for the melting process sufficient light absorption occurs.
  • thermoplastic synthetic materials contain absorption-enhancing pigments or additives.
  • An essential aspect underlying the measure according to the invention is the requirement that the energy density deposited by the laser beam within the respective joining partner be in regions in which no material melting is desired, according chosen sufficiently low, whereas in the joining plane along which both joining partners are spatially brought together as close as possible, the highest possible energy density is generated by the joining partners is melted in a localized volume range and after appropriate cooling an intimate Make compound with each other.
  • the laser beam is applied to the surface of at least one joining partner with a beam shape and / or solution Directed radiation intensity, wherein the laser beam in the beam center or beam center region has no or only a low radiation intensity, whereas the laser beam has at least one beam center region at least partially peripherally bypassing laser beam area in which an increased radiation intensity prevails, but which does not sufficient for a melting material heating or . -heating is able to lead to.
  • the laser beam region surrounding at least partially peripherally the beam center region and the beam center region focus on those in the joining plane volume range in which a maximum energy density or a marked increase in light intensity to produce a melted material is desirable.
  • the laser beam required for the welding process must be passed through at least one of the two joining partners. Due to the coordination of the laser wavelength to a correspondingly selected absorption capacity of the respective joining partner to be irradiated, material heating in the area of the joining partner along the beam passage is unavoidable.
  • the wavelength of the laser radiation is preferably to be selected as a function of the optical absorption capacity of the respective joining partner, so that the degree of absorption is between 5% and 40%, particularly preferably between 10% and 20%.
  • the absorption-induced heat input should be chosen so low that a heat energy dissipation by the inherent thermal conductivity of the material can take place in surrounding material areas before material degradation occurs due to softening or melting.
  • a preferred laser beam shape in the sense of the invention represents an at least partially in the beam cross-section ring-shaped laser beam, which tapers conically in the beam direction and is preferably focused in a point-like volume range.
  • the beam absorption takes place along annularly formed laser beam cross-sectional planes, in which an absorption-related material heating inevitably takes place.
  • heat dissipation takes place in such a beam shape both radially outward, in adjacent to the illuminated ring shape material areas as well as in the direction radially inward, unlit material areas.
  • the heat transport directed radially on both sides within a beam cross-sectional plane can ensure effective cooling of the annularly illuminated material region within the joining partner, so that material softening in these areas can be avoided.
  • the laser radiation intensity in the region of the joining plane is significantly increased compared to the radiation intensity at the joining component surface.
  • heat removal in the above sense is considerably restricted. resulting in a significant heat accumulation in the focus area, which leads to the local melting of the plastic material together with the residual absorption of the thermoplastic material.
  • the laser radiation on a preferably punctiform trained volume area focusing optical element, wherein the punctiform volume range in a common joining plane between two joining partners lies.
  • interaction in terms of radiation absorption is to make a suitable choice of the laser wavelength such that the laser radiation is partially absorbed when passing through the respective thermoplastic material at least one joining partner.
  • wavelengths are typically to be selected in the range between 400 nm and 2000 nm. Due to the almost arbitrary availability of laser radiation sources, with which the entire spectral range specified above can be covered, individual wavelength adjustments can be made to material-specific absorption bands.
  • the laser beam influencing element is provided by the laser beam assumes a geometric beam shape and / or a radiation intensity distribution along at least one beam cross-sectional plane in which the laser beam a central laser beam area and at least one central laser beam region peripherally at least partially surrounding laser beam region, wherein the central laser beam region has a lower laser beam intensity than in the peripheral at least partially surrounding laser beam region.
  • a rotationally symmetric pyramidal prism i. a so-called axicon prism, through which a laser beam with homogeneous light intensity distribution along its beam cross section is converted into an annular beam cross-sectional shape.
  • optically diffractive or refractive elements are usable, such as lenses, prisms, optical gratings, holographic optics, roof prisms, which can be combined with a symmetrical beam deflector.
  • the laser light source used is a diode laser, to which an optical fiber adjoins for further beam guidance, from which, for the most part, one Gaussian light beam emerges, ie a light beam with symmetrical intensity increase in the beam center, which is focused or concentrated in the further beam path by means of a strong focusing lens with high numerical aperture on a focal point.
  • the focused laser beam with an optical element is geometrically such divided, so that the acted upon by the laser beam joining partner is penetrated by a laser beam whose beam center or beam center has no or only low light output, whereby the surface of the joining partner, as described above is not permanently affected by heat-induced influence.
  • all the refractive or diffractive optical elements are suitable for effecting such a beam transformation, the simplest possibility being an axicon prism or a roof prism in combination with a focusing lens and a symmetrical beam deflector, through which the laser beam is first split and then focused again in the appropriate joining partner is directed.
  • the laser element dividing the optical element can be arranged either in the beam path before or after the focusing lens or the laser beam focusing element. Further details may be taken from the description with reference to the following embodiments.
  • Another possibility for the least possible thermal load of at least one joining partner in the surface region and along the beam region in which no material melt phenomena should occur represents the pulsed supply of laser energy, in the focus of the laser beam due to a sufficiently high light intensity and existing in this area Heat accumulation is ensured an intended material melting, whereas in the remaining beam range more efficient heat dissipation can be done in not illuminated by the laser beam material areas.
  • thermoplastic materials contribute to improving the efficiency of the laser radiation energy deposition in the region of the joining plane with increasing temperatures.
  • Another advantageous device and method alternative provides active cooling of the surface of at least one joining partner, via which the laser beam is coupled into the joining partner for the purpose of the welding process.
  • a contact pressure tool that is transparent to the laser radiation is applied over the entire area, which has an active cooling device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a focusing optics to increase the
  • FIG. 2 alternative representation of a focusing optics compared to Figure 1, as well as
  • Fig. 3 in illustration for cooling the surfaces of two to be joined by laser beam welding joining partners.
  • joining partners 1 and 2 touch each other along the joining plane 3 and that they are to be provided with the aid of a laser welding process to form a material connection.
  • the joining partners 1, 2 each consist of similar thermoplastic material, with identical optical properties.
  • a laser source not shown, emits a laser beam 4, which usually has a Gaussian beam profile and further has a wavelength which is adapted to the absorption properties of the thermoplastic material of the joining partners 1 and 2 such that the absorption coefficient for the selected Wavelength is preferably between 5 and 40 percent, particularly preferably between 10 and 20 percent.
  • the laser beam 4 strikes an optical element 5 influencing the beam shape of the laser beam, which is designed in the form of an axicon prism.
  • the rotationally symmetrical formed axicon prism 5 is capable of converting the laser beam 4, which is uniform in cross section, into a laser beam 4 'having an annular beam cross section.
  • the annular laser beam 4 ' includes an inner, non-illuminated area which is peripherally bounded by an annular beam area in which a much higher light intensity prevails.
  • an optically focusing element in the form of a focusing lens 6 is provided, which focuses the annular laser beam 4 '.
  • a beam reflector 8 in the form shown in FIG. 1 is provided in the beam direction of the focusing lens 6.
  • the annular laser beam enters the joining partner 1 with a ring-shaped jet surface and concentrates in the focal point 7 in such a way that, as explained above, a heat accumulation forming in this region leads to a local material fusion. which ultimately results in a substance connection between the two joining partners 1 and 2.
  • the heat deposited in the region of the surface of the joining partner 1 by radiation absorption can not bring the joining partner 1 either at the surface or in areas near surfaces to the melt, especially since the heat deposited there in adjacent, not acted upon by the laser beam material areas is derived.
  • this is not the case due to the high laser beam intensity increase in the focus area 7 due to additional heat accumulation effects and beyond occurring temperature-dependent absorption peaks.
  • FIG. 1 An alternative arrangement of optical elements capable of transforming the laser beam 4 in a suitable manner is shown in FIG.
  • a laser beam 4 having a Gaussian beam profile passes through a focus lens 6 and then impinges on a beam splitter 9 of prismatic design with beam reflector 10 integrally combined in the beam direction.
  • This arrangement also results in a laser beam which conically tapers in the beam direction and has an annular beam cross section 1, the surface of the joining partner 1 passes without material softening or melting phenomena and is focused in the region of the joining plane 3 into a focal point or region 7 in which the thermoplastic materials of the joining partners 1, 2 are locally melted.
  • two joining partners 1, 2 are shown in highly schematic form, which include a small gap S along the joining plane 3.
  • the coupled into the gap S, concentrated in the focus area 7 laser beam 4 experiences between the immediately opposite interfaces of the joining partners 1, 2 multiple reflections, whereby an increased heat accumulation effect is the result and the materials of the joining partners 1, 2 are brought to the melt in the focusing.
  • pressing tools 11, 12 are provided, which on the one hand support the joining process after formation of the melt, on the other hand, the surfaces of the joining partners 1, 2 are able to cool.
  • the pressing tools 11, 12 are made of a material which transmits the laser radiation 4 and have cooling channels 13, through which cooling liquid can be conveyed.
  • Beam splitter 0 Beam reflector 1, 12 Pressing tools 3 Cooling channels

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé servant à assembler au moins deux associés de collage respectivement constitués de matériau thermoplastique au moyen d'un rayonnement laser, avec un laser émettant le rayonnement laser et au moins un élément focalisant le rayonnement laser sur un domaine volumique, dans lequel les deux associés de collage comportent au moins par passages un plan d'assemblage commun et dans lequel les deux associés de collage sont soumis à une liaison de matière mutuelle au passage d'une fusion de matériau induite par le rayonnement laser, la longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser étant choisie de telle sorte que le rayonnement laser puisse être partiellement absorbé lors de son passage par le matériau thermoplastique de chacun des associés de collage. L'invention se caractérise en ce que le dispositif comporte au moins un élément optique influençant le faisceau laser par lequel le faisceau laser adopte une forme de faisceau géométrique et/ou une distribution d'intensité de rayonnement le long d'au moins un plan de la section du faisceau, dans lequel le faisceau laser comporte une zone de faisceau laser centrée et au moins une zone de faisceau laser périphérique entourant au moins partiellement la zone de faisceau laser centrée, en ce que l'intensité du faisceau laser dans la zone de faisceau laser centrée est inférieure à celle de la zone de faisceau laser périphérique l'entourant au moins partiellement, en ce que le plan de la section du faisceau est situé au moins dans la zone d'une surface d'au moins un associé de collage, surface sur laquelle le faisceau laser entre dans un des associés de collage et en ce que la zone de faisceau laser périphérique entourant au moins partiellement et la zone de faisceau laser centrée sont focalisables dans le domaine volumique dans le plan d'assemblage et fournissent une intensité de faisceau laser qui est suffisante pour fusionner les deux associés de collage dans le domaine volumique.
PCT/DE2007/000341 2006-02-24 2007-02-22 Dispositif et procédé d'assemblage d'au moins deux associés de collage constitués de matériau thermoplastique au moyen d'un rayonnement laser WO2007095929A2 (fr)

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DE102006008776.3 2006-02-24
DE102006008776A DE102006008776B4 (de) 2006-02-24 2006-02-24 Verfahren zum Fügen von wenigstens zwei aus thermoplastischem Material bestehenden Fügepartnern mittels Laserstrahlung

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CN108515703A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-11 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 透明塑料焊接方法

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DE102006008776B4 (de) 2011-04-14
DE102006008776A1 (de) 2007-09-06

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