WO2007094102A1 - corps stratifié optique, plaque de polarisation elliptique et dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides - Google Patents

corps stratifié optique, plaque de polarisation elliptique et dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007094102A1
WO2007094102A1 PCT/JP2006/322416 JP2006322416W WO2007094102A1 WO 2007094102 A1 WO2007094102 A1 WO 2007094102A1 JP 2006322416 W JP2006322416 W JP 2006322416W WO 2007094102 A1 WO2007094102 A1 WO 2007094102A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
anisotropic layer
film
optical
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PCT/JP2006/322416
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tetsuya Uesaka
Satoru Ikeda
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Nippon Oil Corporation
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Publication of WO2007094102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007094102A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133632—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with refractive index ellipsoid inclined relative to the LC-layer surface

Definitions

  • Optical laminate, elliptically polarizing plate, and liquid crystal display device Optical laminate, elliptically polarizing plate, and liquid crystal display device
  • the present invention relates to an optical laminate used for office automation equipment such as a word processor and a personal computer, a portable information device such as an electronic notebook and a mobile phone, or a camera-integrated VTR equipped with a liquid crystal monitor, an elliptical polarizing plate, and the like LCD display using LCD
  • liquid crystal display devices There are three types of liquid crystal display devices: a transmissive type capable of displaying images in transmissive mode, a reflective type capable of displaying images in reflective mode, and a transflective type capable of displaying images in both transmissive mode and reflective mode. Due to its thin and light features, it is widely used as a display device for notebook computers and televisions. In particular, transflective liquid crystal display devices employ a display system that combines reflective and transmissive displays. By switching to either display system according to the ambient brightness, the power consumption is reduced. It can be clearly displayed in places and in dark places, so it is widely used in various portable electronic devices.
  • transmissive, reflective, and transflective liquid crystal display devices particularly in the transmissive mode, display contrast decreases when the display is viewed obliquely due to the refractive index anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules, and the display color changes.
  • the problem of viewing angle such as inversion or gradation inversion is unavoidable, and improvements are desired.
  • Patent Document 5 a method of using an optical compensation film in which a nematic hybrid alignment is performed on a circularly polarizing plate disposed between a liquid crystal cell and a backlight (Patent Document 5) , Patent Document 6 and Patent It Reference 7) have been proposed.
  • Patent Document 5 a retardation plate formed from a liquid crystal film in which a negative optically anisotropic layer and a liquid crystal molecule are nematically hybrid-aligned with an average tilt angle of 5 to 35 degrees is effective in improving the viewing angle. It is described as being very effective.
  • Patent Document 4 describes a laminate composed of a nematic hybrid alignment liquid crystal film and a negative optically anisotropic layer, but the range of optical parameters shown in the detailed description is extremely wide, and a TN type liquid crystal Only combinations with display devices are disclosed.
  • the average tilt angle of the nematic hybrid alignment liquid crystal film is set to 5 to 35 degrees. Since the average tilt angle is too small, the viewing angle improvement effect is not always sufficient.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2 6 4 0 0 8 3
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 1-1 9 4 3 2 5
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-1 9 4 3 7 1
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-3 3 2 9 3 3
  • Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Heisei 2 0 0 4-2 5 8 6 0 0
  • Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 2-3 1 7 1 7
  • Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 00 4-1 5 7 4 5 4 [Disclosure of the Invention]
  • the present invention provides an optical laminate and an elliptically polarizing plate that have a remarkable effect of improving the viewing angle, and a liquid crystal display device that has a bright display, high contrast, and little viewing angle dependency.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • the present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal cell is partially provided with a reflective layer, in a transmissive mode, with a bright display, high contrast, and little viewing angle dependency.
  • An object is to provide a liquid crystal display device. '
  • the first aspect of the present invention is an optical laminate comprising at least a first optically anisotropic layer and a second optically anisotropic layer having a negative optical anisotropy, the first optical anisotropic
  • the liquid crystalline layer is composed of at least a liquid crystal film in which a nematic hybrid alignment structure having a retardation value at a wavelength of 550 nm of 50 to 140 nm and an average tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules of 36 ° to 45 ° is fixed.
  • the retardation value (R e) in the in-plane direction and the retardation value (R th) in the thickness direction at the wavelength 550 nm of the optically anisotropic layer 2 are expressed by the following equations, the Re value is 0 to 30 nm.
  • the present invention relates to an optical laminate characterized by having an Rth value of 1 200 ⁇ 30 nm.
  • Nx and Ny are the main refractive index of the surface, N z is the main refractive index in the thickness direction, and d is the thickness (nm).
  • a second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the second optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed from at least one material selected from triacetyl cellulose and a cyclic olefin-based polymer.
  • An optical laminate is a layer formed from at least one material selected from triacetyl cellulose and a cyclic olefin-based polymer.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is an optical system comprising the optical laminate according to the first aspect of the present invention and a third optical anisotropic layer having a retardation value of 2100 to 300 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm. Concerning the laminate.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the optical laminate according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the third optically anisotropic layer is a polymer stretched film.
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention relates to an elliptically polarizing plate comprising the optical laminate according to the first or third aspect of the present invention and a polarizing plate.
  • 6th of this invention has the elliptically polarizing plate as described in 5th of this invention, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
  • a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes, a polarizing plate disposed on an observer side of the liquid crystal cell, and between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell.
  • the fourth optical anisotropy with a phase difference value of 2100 to 300 nm at a wavelength of 55 nm, and a phase difference value of 50 to 140 nm at a wavelength of 55 nm
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising at least a fifth optically anisotropic layer, comprising at least the elliptically polarizing plate according to the fifth aspect of the present invention behind the liquid crystal cell as viewed from an observer.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
  • a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes, a polarizing plate disposed on the side opposite to the observer side of the liquid crystal cell, the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal Between the cells, the fourth optically anisotropic layer having a retardation value of 2100 to 300 nm at a wavelength of 5500 nm has a retardation value of 50 to 1 at a wavelength of 5500 nm.
  • a liquid crystal display device comprising at least a fifth optically anisotropic layer having a wavelength of 40 nm, comprising at least the elliptically polarizing plate according to the fifth aspect of the present invention in front of the liquid crystal cell as viewed by an observer.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
  • a ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh or eighth aspect of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal layer uses a twisted nematic mode.
  • the tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh or eighth aspect of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a parallel alignment and a twist angle of 0 degree.
  • an angle between a tilt direction in which a hybrid direction of the liquid crystal film of the first optically anisotropic layer is projected onto a substrate plane and a rubbing direction of the liquid crystal layer is within 30 degrees.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell has a transflective electrode in which a region having a reflection function and a region having a transmission function are formed.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer in a region where the liquid crystal cell has a reflection function is smaller than a layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer in a region which has a transmission function.
  • 1 relates to the liquid crystal display device according to 2.
  • the optical layered body of the present invention comprises at least a first optical anisotropic layer made of a liquid crystal film having a nematic hybrid alignment structure fixed and a second optical anisotropic layer having a negative optical anisotropy. Is done.
  • the present invention also relates to an elliptically polarizing plate in which an optical laminate is further combined with a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
  • the polarizing plate used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved, and a normal polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device can be appropriately used.
  • a hydrophilic high molecular film made of PVA such as polybulal alcohol (PVA) or partially acetalized PVA, or a partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the like, and / or 2
  • a polarizing film made of a oriented polymer film such as a polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated product obtained by adsorbing a chromatic dye and stretching can be used.
  • a reflective polarizing film can also be used.
  • the polarizing plate may be used alone, or may be a polarizing film provided with a transparent protective layer or the like on one or both sides of the polarizing film for the purpose of improving strength, improving moisture resistance, improving heat resistance, etc. good.
  • the transparent protective layer is made by laminating a transparent plastic film such as polyester ⁇ > triacetyl cellulose directly or via an adhesive layer, a transparent resin coating layer, a photocurable resin layer such as acrylic or epoxy. And so on. When these transparent protective layers are coated on both sides of the polarizing film, different protective layers may be provided on both sides.
  • the first optically square layer used in the present invention is a liquid crystalline polymer that exhibits optically positive uniaxiality, specifically, a liquid crystalline polymer that exhibits optically positive uniaxiality, or at least An optically positive uniaxial liquid crystalline polymer composition containing one kind of the liquid crystalline polymer compound, and the liquid crystalline polymer compound or the liquid crystalline polymer composition formed in a liquid crystal state.
  • This layer includes at least a liquid crystal film in which a nematic hybrid alignment structure having an average tilt angle of 36 to 45 degrees is fixed.
  • the nematic hybrid alignment referred to in the present invention refers to an alignment form in which the liquid crystal molecules are nematically aligned, and the angle between the director of the liquid crystal molecules and the film plane at this time is different between the upper surface and the lower surface of the film. . Therefore, near the top interface and It can be said that the angle continuously changes between the upper surface and the lower surface of the film because the angle formed by the director and the film plane differs between the vicinity of the lower surface interface.
  • the directors of the liquid crystal molecules are oriented at different angles at all positions in the film thickness direction. Therefore, the film no longer has an optical axis when viewed as a film structure.
  • the average tilt angle in the present invention means the average value of the angles formed by the director of the liquid crystal molecules and the film plane in the film thickness direction of the liquid crystal film.
  • the angle formed by the director and the film plane near the one interface of the film is usually 55 to 90 degrees as an absolute value, preferably 60 to 85 degrees, more preferably Has an angle of 65 to 80 degrees, and on the opposite side of the surface, the absolute value is usually 0 to 20 degrees, preferably 0 to 10 degrees, and its average tilt angle Is 36 to 45 degrees as an absolute value, preferably 36 to 42 degrees. If the average tilt angle is out of the above range, the contrast may be lowered when viewed from an oblique direction, which is not desirable.
  • the average tilt angle can be obtained by applying the crystal rotation method.
  • the liquid crystal film constituting the first optically anisotropic layer used in the present invention is not limited as long as the nematic hybrid alignment state as described above is fixed and has a specific average tilt angle. It may be formed from liquid crystal.
  • a liquid crystal film obtained by fixing the alignment by cooling after forming into a nematic hybrid alignment in can be used.
  • the liquid crystal film referred to in the present invention does not ask whether the film itself exhibits liquid crystallinity, but is obtained by filming a liquid crystal compound such as a low molecular liquid crystal or a liquid crystal polymer. means.
  • the film thickness for the liquid crystal film to exhibit a better viewing angle improving effect on the liquid crystal display device depends on the type of the target liquid crystal display element and various optical parameters. Generally speaking, 0.2; um ⁇ 10 / zm, good The range is preferably from 0.3 m to 5 m, particularly preferably from 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 m. If the film thickness is less than 0.2 m, a sufficient compensation effect may not be obtained. In addition, if the film thickness exceeds 10 am, the display may be unnecessarily colored.
  • the in-plane apparent retardation value when viewed from the normal direction of the liquid crystal film is as follows.
  • ne the direction perpendicular to the refractive index in the direction parallel to the director
  • no The refractive index
  • the apparent retardation value is the apparent birefringence and the absolute film thickness.
  • the product of The phase difference value can be easily obtained by polarization optical measurement such as ellipsometry.
  • the retardation value of the liquid crystal film is 50 nm to 140 nm for monochromatic light having a wavelength of 55 nm, preferably 6 O nm to l 30 nm, particularly preferably 7 O nm to l. It is in the range of 20 nm.
  • phase difference value When the phase difference value is less than 50 nm, a sufficient viewing angle expansion effect may not be obtained. On the other hand, if it is larger than 140 nm, unnecessary coloring may occur on the liquid crystal display when viewed from an oblique direction.
  • the specific arrangement conditions of the optically anisotropic layer in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described.
  • the optical anisotropy composed of a liquid crystal film will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the upper and lower layers, the tilt direction of the optically anisotropic layer, and the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell layer are defined below.
  • the upper and lower sides of the optically anisotropic layer made of a liquid crystal film are respectively defined by the angle formed by the liquid crystal molecule director and the film plane in the vicinity of the film interface of the liquid crystal film constituting the optically anisotropic layer.
  • the surface formed by the director of the film and the plane of the film forms an angle of 55 ° to 90 ° on the acute angle side as the b surface, and the angle forms an angle of 0 ° to 20 ° on the acute angle side.
  • the c-plane is the c-plane.
  • the angle formed by the projection component on the c-plane of the liquid crystal molecular director and the director is an acute angle and parallel to the projection component. This direction is defined as the tilt direction of the optical anisotropic element (Figs. 1 and 2).
  • the driving low-molecular liquid crystal is not parallel to the cell interface but tilted at an angle, and this angle is generally called a pretilt angle.
  • the second optically anisotropic layer used in the present invention has negative refractive index anisotropy, satisfies Nx ⁇ Ny> Nz (the meaning of the sign will be described later), and Nx and Ny are substantially equal.
  • the second optically anisotropic layer has an R e (in-plane direction retardation value) represented by the following formula (1) of 0 to 30 nm. More preferably, it is 0 to 10 nm.
  • the second optically anisotropic layer preferably has an R th (a retardation value in the thickness direction) force represented by the following formula (2): ⁇ 200 to 1-30 nm, and 1 1 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ More preferably, it is m.
  • Nx and Ny are the main refractive indices in two orthogonal directions in the plane of the optically anisotropic layer
  • Nz is the main refractive index in the thickness direction
  • d is the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer. (Nm).
  • the measurement wavelength for the second optically anisotropic layer is 550 nm unless otherwise specified.
  • the second optically anisotropic layer may be formed of a single layer as long as it satisfies the above three main refractive index magnitude relationships and formulas (1) and (2). It may be formed from multiple layers.
  • the second optically anisotropic layer may be a polymer film that exhibits optical anisotropy, or may be one that exhibits optical anisotropy by aligning liquid crystalline molecules. .
  • examples of the material of the polymer film include triacetyl cellulose, cyclic olefin-based polymer compound, polyimide, polyester, and modified polycarbonate.
  • the material of the polymer film is The material is not limited. Among these, a polymer film made of triacetyl cellulose or a cyclic olefin-based polymer compound is preferable. Alternatively, a desired Rth may be expressed by biaxially stretching the polymer film. In addition, an additive may be added to the polymer to adjust Rth, Techniques for adjusting the R th of W-risetyl cellulose are described in JP-A No. 2 00 _ 1 1 1 9 1 4 and JP-A No. 2 0 1-1 6 6 1 4 4 .
  • the third optically anisotropic layer used in the present invention has a phase difference value of 2 10 to 30 0 nm at a wavelength of 5 5 Onm, and is preferably adjusted to 2 5 0 to 2 75 nm.
  • the film satisfies the retardation value in this range, and is not particularly limited as long as it has excellent transparency and uniformity, but a polymer stretched film or an optical film made of liquid crystal can be preferably used.
  • the polymer stretched film it is uniaxial or biaxial composed of cellulose, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyacryl, polyether sulfone, cyclic olefin polymer compound, etc.
  • a phase difference film can be exemplified.
  • the fourth optically anisotropic layer may be a film having a retardation value in the same range as that of the third optically anisotropic layer at the wavelength of 50 nm. It may be the same as or different from the anisotropic layer.
  • an optical film made of a liquid crystal compound can also be used as the optically anisotropic layer used. Polymer stretched film and liquid crystal compound Both optical films made of can be used in combination.
  • the cyclic olefin-based polymer compound is preferable in that the color uniformity of the image quality can be suppressed due to the low uniformity of the birefringence wavelength dispersion characteristic and cost uniformity.
  • an optical film composed of liquid crystal various liquid crystalline polymer compounds exhibiting liquid crystal properties of main chain type and Z or side chain type, for example, liquid crystal polyester, liquid crystal polycarbonate, liquid crystal polyacrylate, and the like are aligned.
  • An optical film composed of a low molecular weight liquid crystal having a reactivity that can be reduced in molecular weight by post-crosslinking and the like can be mentioned. These films may be a self-supporting single film or formed on a transparent support substrate.
  • the fifth optically anisotropic layer may be an optical film made of a liquid crystal compound as long as the retardation value at a wavelength of 50 nm has the same retardation value as that of the first optically anisotropic layer. It may be a stretched film.
  • the fifth optically anisotropic layer and the first optically anisotropic layer may be the same material as long as they are within the retardation value range.
  • the first and second optically anisotropic layers, the third optically anisotropic layer, and the fourth and fifth optically anisotropic layers are adhesive layers or pressure-sensitive adhesives suitable for the respective substrates. Through layers And it can produce by sticking together.
  • the first and second optically anisotropic layers are the first optically anisotropic layer made of a liquid crystal film on the second optically anisotropic layer made of a polymer film via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
  • the optical layered body is formed by laminating and integrating the functional layers.
  • the adhesive forming the adhesive layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a sufficient adhesive force to the optically anisotropic layer and does not impair the optical properties of the optically anisotropic layer.
  • Various reactive types such as molds and electron beam curing types can be mentioned.
  • These adhesives include those having the function of a transparent protective layer for protecting the optically anisotropic layer.
  • the pressure-sensitive adhesive that forms the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but for example, those based on polymers such as acrylic polymers, silicone polymers, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyethers, fluorine-based or rubber-based polymers. It can be appropriately selected and used.
  • an acrylic adhesive that is excellent in optical transparency, exhibits appropriate wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, and is excellent in weather resistance and heat resistance can be preferably used.
  • the adhesive layer or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be formed by an appropriate method.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive solution of about 10 to 40% by weight in which a base polymer or a composition thereof is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent composed of a single solvent or a mixture of appropriate solvents such as toluene and ethyl acetate.
  • the adhesive layer or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes, for example, natural or synthetic resins, in particular, a tackifier resin, a filler or a pigment made of glass fiber, glass beads, metal powder, other inorganic powders, or the like. It may contain additives that are added to the adhesive layer, such as colorants and antioxidants. Further, it may be an adhesive layer or a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing fine particles and exhibiting light diffusibility.
  • the optically anisotropic layers are bonded to each other via an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
  • the surface of the optically anisotropic layer can be surface-treated to improve the adhesion with the adhesive layer or the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
  • the surface means is not particularly limited, and surface treatment methods such as corona discharge treatment, sputtering treatment, low-pressure UV irradiation, and plasma treatment that can maintain the transparency of the liquid crystal layer surface can be suitably employed. Among these surface treatment methods, edge discharge treatment is good.
  • liquid crystal cell used in the present invention will be described.
  • Liquid crystal cell methods include TN (Twisted Nematic) method, STN (Super Tisted Nematic; method), ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) method, IPS (In-Plane Switching) method, VA (Vertical Alignment) method, OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) method, HAN (Hybrid Aligned Nema tic) method, ASM (Axially Symmetric Aligned Microcell) method, half-single gray scale method, domain division method, ferroelectric liquid crystal, anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal
  • the liquid crystal cell method include a display method using ECB (electrically controlled bire fringence) in which liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned, such as a TN method and an STN method.
  • the liquid crystal layer thickness of the transmissive display part when set to be thick and the liquid crystal layer thickness of the reflective display part is set to be thin, the difference in liquid crystal layer thickness between the two areas is increased. Manufacturing problems and an alignment defect of the liquid crystal molecules is generated at the boundary of the region is because prone.
  • the active matrix uses an active electrode such as a passive matrix system used for STN—LCD, etc., and TFT (Thin Film Transistor) and TFD (Thin Film Diode) electrodes. Any driving method such as a method and a plasma addressing method may be used.
  • the liquid crystal cell has a configuration in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two transparent substrates (an observer side is an upper substrate and a back side is a lower substrate) arranged opposite to each other.
  • the material exhibiting liquid crystallinity for forming the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include various ordinary low-molecular liquid crystal substances, high-molecular liquid crystal substances, and mixtures thereof that can constitute various liquid crystal cells.
  • a dye, a chiral agent, a non-liquid crystal substance, or the like can be added to these as long as liquid crystallinity is not impaired.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include various components necessary for forming various types of liquid crystal cells described later.
  • the transparent substrate constituting the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer is aligned in a specific alignment direction.
  • the transparent substrate having the property of aligning the liquid crystal itself can also be used.
  • the electrode of the liquid crystal cell a known one such as ITO can be used.
  • the electrode can usually be provided on the surface of the transparent substrate with which the liquid crystal layer is in contact, and when a substrate having an alignment film is used, it can be provided between the substrate and the alignment film.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a transmissive liquid crystal display device using a backlight, but a transflective structure in which a region having a reflective function and a region having a transmissive function are formed on the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell.
  • a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of using both a reflection mode and a transmission mode can be obtained.
  • a region having a reflection function (hereinafter also referred to as a reflective layer) included in the transflective electrode is not particularly limited, and is a metal such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, platinum, an alloy containing them, or an oxide. Examples thereof include oxides such as magnesium, dielectric multilayer films, liquid crystals exhibiting selective reflection, or combinations thereof. These reflective layers may be flat or curved. Furthermore, the reflective layer has a surface shape such as a concavo-convex shape so as to have diffuse reflectivity, a layer having electrodes on the electrode substrate on the side opposite to the observer side of the liquid crystal cell, and It may be a combination.
  • the liquid crystal cell includes a transflective layer in which a region having a reflective function and a region having a transmissive function are formed.
  • the region having a reflective function becomes a reflective display portion that performs reflective display, and has a transmissive function.
  • the liquid crystal layer thickness of the reflective display portion of the liquid crystal cell is preferably smaller than the liquid crystal layer thickness of the transmissive display portion. The reason for this will be described below.
  • transmissive display in the transmissive display unit when the liquid crystal layer thickness is set to a layer thickness suitable for reflective display will be described.
  • the amount of change in the polarization state due to the orientation change due to the external field such as the electric field of the liquid crystal layer is the amount of light incident through the liquid crystal layer from the observer side.
  • the light is reflected by the reflective layer, and passes through the liquid crystal layer again to be emitted to the viewer side, so that a sufficient contrast ratio can be obtained by reciprocating the liquid crystal layer.
  • the transmissive display unit passes through the liquid crystal layer.
  • the amount of change in the polarization state of the light is insufficient.
  • the transmissive display unit does not have a polarizing plate used only for transmissive display on the back side of the liquid crystal cell when viewed from the viewer side.
  • a sufficient display cannot be obtained.
  • the transmissive display part has insufficient brightness, or even if the brightness is sufficient, transmission of dark display is possible. The ratio does not decrease and a contrast ratio sufficient for display cannot be obtained.
  • a voltage difference of about 14 wavelengths is given to light that passes through the liquid crystal layer only once.
  • the alignment state of the liquid crystal is controlled.
  • the liquid crystal layer thickness is suitable for reflective display, that is, when transmissive display is performed with voltage modulation that applies phase modulation of 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength, the transmittance when the transmissive display section is in ⁇ display is sufficiently reduced.
  • the transmissive display portion is bright, light of about half the luminous intensity is absorbed by the polarizing plate on the light emission side, and sufficient bright display cannot be obtained.
  • the transmissive display section in order to increase the brightness when the transmissive display section is bright, if an optical element such as a polarizing plate or a phase difference compensator is arranged, the brightness when the transmissive display section is dark is The brightness is about 1 to 2, and the contrast ratio of the display is insufficient.
  • the liquid crystal layer thickness of the reflective display unit must be smaller than the liquid crystal layer thickness of the transmissive display unit. .
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective display portion is preferably about 1 to 2 times the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the transparent display portion.
  • the phase difference value of the liquid crystal cell is preferably 2 00 nm to 4 00 nm in the transmissive display section, more preferably 2 5 0 ⁇ ⁇ ! ⁇ 35 0 nm.
  • the range is preferably 100 nm to 20 00 nm, more preferably 1 20 nm to l 80 nm. If both the transmissive display portion and the reflective display portion are out of this range, unnecessary coloration and a decrease in brightness are caused, which is not preferable.
  • the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is selected from the following two types as shown in FIGS. (A) Polarizing plate / fourth optical anisotropic layer / fifth optical anisotropic layer liquid crystal cell / second optical anisotropic layer first optical anisotropic layer / third optical anisotropic layer Isotropic layer polarizer / backlight
  • (B) Polarizing plate Third optical anisotropic layer / first optical anisotropic layer / second optical anisotropic layer / liquid crystal cell fourth optical anisotropic layer / fifth optical anisotropy Layer / Polarizer / Backlight
  • the angle between the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell and the tilt direction of the first optically anisotropic layer composed of the liquid crystal film with a fixed nematic hybrid alignment structure is 0 to 30.
  • the range of degrees is preferable, more preferably in the range of 0 degrees to 20 degrees, and particularly preferably in the range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees. If the angle between them is 30 degrees or more, there is a risk that a sufficient viewing angle compensation effect cannot be obtained.
  • the angle formed by the slow axis of the third optical anisotropic layer and the tilt direction of the first optical anisotropic layer is preferably 50 ° or more and less than 80 °. More preferably, it is 55 ° or more and less than 75 °. If it is 80 degrees or more, or less than 55 degrees, the surface contrast may be reduced, which is not preferable.
  • the angle formed by the slow axis of the third optically anisotropic layer and the slow axis of the fourth optically anisotropic layer must be not less than 50 degrees and less than 80 degrees. Is preferred. More preferably, it is 55 ° or more and less than 75 °. When the angle is 80 ° or more or less than 55 °, the front contrast may be lowered, which is not preferable.
  • the light diffusion layer, the backlight, the light control film, the light guide plate, and the prism sheet are not particularly limited, and known materials can be used.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be provided with other constituent members in addition to the constituent members described above. For example, by attaching a color filter to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, a powerful liquid crystal display device capable of performing multicolor or full color display with high color purity can be produced.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has features that the display is bright, the front contrast is high, and the viewing angle dependency is small. Further, by partially providing a reflective layer in the liquid crystal cell, a transflective liquid crystal display device having a bright display, high contrast, and little viewing angle dependency in the transmissive mode can be obtained.
  • phase difference value ( ⁇ ⁇ d) in this example is a value at a wavelength of 550 nm unless otherwise specified.
  • Front and oblique phase retardation values are determined by automatic birefringence meter (Oji Scientific Instruments, KOBR A 1 2-ADH).
  • the in-plane retardation value (R e), thickness direction retardation value (R t h) and tilt angle were determined according to the description in JP-A-10-332933.
  • liquid crystal polymer 1 was prepared.
  • Polymer 1 was dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a solution.
  • This solution was applied onto a polyimide film (trade name “Kapton”, manufactured by DuPont) that had been rubbed with a rayon cloth with a spinner, and after removing the solvent by drying, 2 minutes at 10 ° C for 20 minutes.
  • a nematic hybrid alignment structure was formed by heat treatment.
  • a liquid crystal material layer uniformly oriented with an actual film thickness of 0.86 / m on the polyimide film (Liquid crystal material layer 1 A) was obtained.
  • the liquid crystal material layer 1 A with a hybrid nematic alignment structure had a ⁇ nd of 105 nm and an average tilt angle of 40 degrees.
  • a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film 2 A having a thickness of 80 ⁇ was prepared as the second optically anisotropic layer.
  • T AC film 2 A had negative optical anisotropy satisfying Re value of 1 nm and R th value of 1 10 nm.
  • UV curable adhesive (UV-3400, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) on the liquid crystal material layer 1 A (the surface opposite the polyimide film) as an adhesive layer to a thickness of 5 m.
  • a TAC film 2 A was laminated, and the adhesive layer was cured by UV irradiation of about 600 mJ / cm 2 .
  • the TAC film 2 AZ adhesive layer Liquid crystal material layer 1 AZ polyimide film
  • the liquid crystal material layer 1A was transferred onto the TAC film 2A by peeling the film, and an optical laminate 3A composed of the TAC film 2A / adhesive layer / liquid crystal material layer 1A was obtained.
  • optical laminate 3 B consisting of first liquid crystal material layer 1 B and second optical anisotropic layer 2 B>
  • a liquid crystal polymer (1) was prepared, and a solution was prepared by dissolving polymer 1 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. This solution was applied onto a polyimide film (trade name “Kapton”, manufactured by DuPont) that was rubbed with a rayon cloth, and the solvent was removed by drying, followed by heat treatment at 210 ° C. for 20 minutes. As a result, a nematic hybrid alignment structure was formed.
  • a polyimide film trade name “Kapton”, manufactured by DuPont
  • a liquid crystal material layer uniformly oriented with a real thickness of 0.6 Om on the polyimide film (Liquid crystal material layer 1 B) was obtained.
  • the And of the liquid crystal material layer 1 B with the hybrid nematic alignment structure fixed was 105 nm, and the average tilt angle was 28 degrees.
  • Apply a commercially available UV curable adhesive (UV_3400, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) to the thickness of 5 ⁇ as an adhesive layer on the liquid crystal substance layer 1 A (the side opposite to the polyimidoinolem).
  • TAC film 2 mm (TDY manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.) was laminated, and the adhesive layer was cured by UV irradiation of about 60 Om J / cm 2 .
  • T AC film 2 B had a Re value of 1 nm and a Rth value of 1 30 nm.
  • the polyimide film is peeled off from the laminate comprising the TAC film 2 B / adhesive layer / liquid crystal material layer 1 B / polyimide film, thereby removing the liquid crystal material layer 1 A from the TAC film 2 B.
  • An optical laminate 3B composed of TAC film 2 BZ adhesive layer and liquid crystal material layer 1B was obtained.
  • the Re value of Zeonor film 2 C was 1 nm, 1 1; 11 value was negative optical anisotropy satisfying ⁇ 1 11111.
  • a transparent electrode 6 made of a material having a high transmittance such as ITO is provided on the substrate 4, and a counter electrode 7 made of a material having a high transmittance such as ITO is provided on the substrate 5.
  • a liquid crystal layer 8 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between 6 and the counter electrode 7.
  • a fifth optical anisotropic layer 12, a fourth optical anisotropic layer 13 and a polarizing plate 10 are provided on the opposite surface of the substrate 5 on the side where the counter electrode 7 is formed.
  • an optical laminate 3 A (optical laminate) composed of the first liquid crystal material layer 1 A and the second optical anisotropic layer 2 A produced according to the above, A third optically anisotropic layer 14 and a polarizing plate 11 are provided.
  • a backlight 15 is provided on the back side of the polarizing plate 11.
  • the liquid crystal cell 9 used was ZLI-1695 (manufactured by Merck) as the liquid crystal material, and the liquid crystal layer thickness was 4.9 im.
  • the pretilt angle at the substrate interface of the liquid crystal layer was 2 degrees, and the And of the liquid crystal cell was approximately 320 nm.
  • a polarizing plate 10 (thickness: about 100 ⁇ m; SQW-062 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) is placed on the observer side (upper side of the figure) of the liquid crystal cell 9, and between the polarizing plate 10 and the liquid crystal cell 9.
  • a polymer stretched film 12 made of a polymer film was disposed as the fourth optically anisotropic layer 13.
  • the high molecular stretched film 13 had a ⁇ nd of about 270 nm
  • the high molecular stretched film 12 had a ⁇ nd of about 110 nm.
  • Fig. 7 shows the ratio of the transmittance of white display 0 V and black display 5 V when the backlight is lit (transmission mode) (white display) Z (black display). The trust ratio is shown.
  • concentric circles represent the same viewing angle and are drawn at intervals of 20 degrees. Therefore, the viewing angle of the outermost circle represents 80 degrees.
  • the same standard is used for the view angle and contrast ratio.
  • Example 2 In the liquid crystal cell 9 used in Example 2, the optical laminate 3 A obtained in Example 1, the third optical anisotropic layer 18, and the opposite surface of the substrate 5 on the side where the counter electrode 7 was formed, A polarizing plate 10 is provided, and on the opposite side of the surface of the substrate 4 on which the transparent electrode 6 is formed, a fifth optical anisotropic layer 17, a fourth optical anisotropic layer 16 and a polarizing plate 1 1 is provided. A backlight 15 is provided on the back side of the polarizing plate 11. The same polarizing plates 10 and 11 as those used in Example 2 were used.
  • a polarizing plate 10 is disposed on the viewer side (upper side of the figure) of the liquid crystal cell 9, and the third optical anisotropic layer 18 is uniaxially stretched between the polarizing plate 10 and the liquid crystal cell 9.
  • a stretched polymer film 18 comprising a norbornene polymer film and the laminate 3 A obtained in Example 1 were disposed. And of the polymer stretched film 18 was 2 65 nm.
  • a polymer stretched film 17 made of a norbornene polymer film uniaxially stretched as the fifth optically anisotropic layer 17 is disposed behind the liquid crystal cell 9 as viewed from the observer, and the fourth optical anisotropy. Highly composed of norbornene polymer film uniaxially stretched as a layer A molecular stretched film 16 was placed, and a polarizing plate 11 was placed on the back.
  • the ⁇ nd of the polymer stretched film 16 was approximately 2700 nm
  • the nd of the polymer stretched film 17 was approximately 110 nm.
  • the absorption axes of the polarizing plates 10 and 11, the stretched polymer films 16, 17 and 18, the slow axes of the liquid crystal cell 9, the pretilt direction of both interfaces of the liquid crystal cell 9, and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film 1 A are shown in FIG. Arranged under the conditions.
  • Figure 10 shows the contrast from all directions, with the contrast ratio of the transmittance of white display 0 V and black display 5 V (white display) (black display) when the backlight is lit (transmission mode). The ratio is shown.
  • Example 2 a liquid crystal display device similar to that in Example 2 was produced, except that the optical laminate was changed from 3 A produced above to 3 B.
  • Figure 11 shows the contrast from all directions, with the contrast ratio of the white display OV and black display 5 V when the backlight is lit (transmission mode) (white display) and black (black display). The ratio is shown.
  • Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 are compared for viewing angle characteristics.
  • Example 2 a liquid crystal display device similar to that in Example 2 was produced, except that the optical layered body was changed from 3 A produced above to 3 C.
  • Figure 12 shows the ratio of the transmittance of white display 0 V and black display 5 V when the backlight is lit (transmission mode) (white display) Z (black display). The trust ratio is shown.
  • Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared for viewing angle characteristics.
  • a liquid crystal display device similar to that of Example 2 was produced except that the liquid crystal cell 19 was used.
  • a liquid crystal layer 8 made of a liquid crystal material exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between the reflective electrode 20 and the transparent electrode 21 and the counter electrode 7.
  • the liquid crystal layer thickness of the liquid crystal cell 19 used was 2.4 m in the reflective electrode region 20 (reflection display portion) and 4.9 / m in the transparent electrode region 21 (transmission display portion).
  • the pretilt angle between the two substrate surfaces of the liquid crystal layer was 2 degrees, and the A n d of the liquid crystal cell was approximately 15 Onm in the reflective display portion and approximately 320 nm in the transmissive display portion.
  • Example 2 As for the omnidirectional isocontrast curve, the same results as in Example 2 were confirmed, and it was found that a transflective liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle was obtained.
  • the experiment was performed without a color filter.
  • a color filter is provided in the liquid crystal cell, a good multi-color or full-color display can be achieved.
  • the display is bright, the front contrast is high, and the viewing angle dependency is small.
  • a liquid crystal display device is provided
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the tilt angle and twist angle of liquid crystal molecules.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the alignment structure of the liquid crystalline film constituting the second optical anisotropic element.
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the optical layered body of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal display device of Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an angular relationship among the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, the slow axis of the polymer stretched film, and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film in Example 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the contrast ratio when the liquid crystal display device in Example 2 is viewed from all directions.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal display device of Example 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an angular relationship among the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal cell, and the slow axis of the polymer stretched film and the tilt direction of the liquid crystal film in Example 3.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the contrast ratio when the liquid crystal display device in Example 3 is viewed from all directions.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the contrast ratio when the liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 1 is viewed from all directions. '
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the contrast ratio when the liquid crystal display device in Comparative Example 2 is viewed from all directions.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the transflective liquid crystal display device of Example 4.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un corps stratifié optique constitué d'au moins une première couche anisotrope optique et une seconde couche anisotrope optique d'anisotropie optique négative. Le corps stratifié optique aux effets d'angle de vision nettement améliorés est caractérisé en ce que la première couche anisotrope optique est constituée d'au moins un film de cristaux liquides, avec une structure d'orientation hybride nématique possédant une valeur de différence de phase de 50-140nm avec une longueur d'onde de 550nm et un angle d'inclinaison moyen d'une particule de cristal liquide à 36°-45°. Le corps stratifié optique est également caractérisé en ce que la valeur de différence de phase (Re=(Nx-Ny) ×d) de la seconde couche anisotrope optique avec une longueur d'onde de 550nm dans une direction dans le plan est 0-30nm, et la valeur de différence de phase dans le sens de l'épaisseur (Rth={Nz-(Nx+Ny)/2}×d) est comprise entre -200 et -30nm. (Nx et Ny représentent les principaux indices de réfraction dans le plan, Nz représente le principal indice de réfraction dans le sens de l'épaisseur, et d représente l'épaisseur (nm).)
PCT/JP2006/322416 2006-02-17 2006-11-02 corps stratifié optique, plaque de polarisation elliptique et dispositif d'affichage à cristaux liquides WO2007094102A1 (fr)

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JP2006-040857 2006-02-17
JP2006040857A JP2007219260A (ja) 2006-02-17 2006-02-17 光学積層体、楕円偏光板及び液晶表示装置

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1068816A (ja) * 1996-08-29 1998-03-10 Sharp Corp 位相差板及び円偏光板
JP2004125830A (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Nippon Oil Corp 半透過反射型液晶表示素子
JP2005062670A (ja) * 2003-08-19 2005-03-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学異方性層、それを用いた位相差板、楕円偏光板及び液晶表示装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1068816A (ja) * 1996-08-29 1998-03-10 Sharp Corp 位相差板及び円偏光板
JP2004125830A (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Nippon Oil Corp 半透過反射型液晶表示素子
JP2005062670A (ja) * 2003-08-19 2005-03-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学異方性層、それを用いた位相差板、楕円偏光板及び液晶表示装置

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