WO2007082991A1 - Rubber mat and its use - Google Patents

Rubber mat and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007082991A1
WO2007082991A1 PCT/FI2007/000018 FI2007000018W WO2007082991A1 WO 2007082991 A1 WO2007082991 A1 WO 2007082991A1 FI 2007000018 W FI2007000018 W FI 2007000018W WO 2007082991 A1 WO2007082991 A1 WO 2007082991A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rubber
mat
road
plates
mats
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2007/000018
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Aapo Aarrekorpi
Original Assignee
Fortecta Finland Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fortecta Finland Ltd filed Critical Fortecta Finland Ltd
Publication of WO2007082991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007082991A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/18—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of rubber units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rubber mat, use of a rubber mat, method for supporting a road construction and a road construction according to the preambles of the independent claims presented below.
  • Mats made of rubber plates are, among other things, used as blasting mats on blasting sites. Used car tires, for example, are used as a raw material for the rubber plates. Rubber plates can be fastened to each other, for example, by making holes to them and by pulling a wire through the holes alternately from one side of the rubber plate to another.
  • the road soil consisting, for example, of sand, clay and gravel can become so wet and soft that its construction weakens considerably. Especially fine-grained soil moves easily due to the effect of water, in which case the construction of the road soil can be damaged causing cracks or landslips. In cold areas the freezing of the ground, i.e. frost, causes movement of soil elements and thus damages the road soils.
  • the patent publication US 4,801 ,217 discloses a mat formed of car tires and its use as a road bed.
  • the mat is formed by placing whole rubber tires in a form of a matrix, so that the treads are facing each other.
  • the structure of the mat in question has many big holes, due to which it prevents only some of the movement of the fine soil material caused by frost and water.
  • the soil material expanding and contracting due to the effect of frost sometimes strives to raise the mat towards the soil surface, because the fine soil material easily gets downwards through the mat when the frost is melting or in connection with plentiful rains.
  • the structure of the mat is remarkably flexible and particularly its tensile strength is weak, due to which it does not sufficiently support the road soil under the conditions, where the frost causes strong movement of the soil material.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and low-cost rubber mat.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bearing course effectively supporting and binding the road soil, which bearing course is cheap and easy to mount.
  • a typical rubber mat according to the invention comprises a first and a second side, rubber plates, elongated binding elements as well as fastening means, which are arranged through the rubber plates and by which the binding elements are arranged in connection with the rubber plates.
  • the rubber plates are arranged in one layer without being overlapped and the fastening means are loops and the elongated binding elements are rigid and they are arranged to travel through the loops.
  • a rigid binding element refers to the fact that it bends in the room temperature under its own weight less than a 4 mm thick ribbed bar.
  • a rigid binding element does not in this application refer, for example, to 2 — 12 mm thick steel wires, because they typically bend more than a 4 mm thick ribbed bar.
  • a rigid binding element refers, for example, to 6 — 14 mm thick ribbed bars and to other similar elongated metal structures.
  • the rubber plate refers to plates made of flexible and bendable material.
  • the rubber plates are preferably substantially rectangular or quadrangle in form. According to a preferred embodiment the rubber plates are elongated.
  • the cross-section of the rubber plates in the lateral direction of the plates may be substantially straight or it may be slightly curved on its edges. The edges of otherwise rectangular cross-section may have slight bulges.
  • the rubber plates are made of used car tires or conveyor belts. According to an embodiment the rubber plates are made of used truck tires. The metal weave in the car tires increases the strength of the rubber plates.
  • the side walls are removed from the tire and the remaining tire tread is cut through and straightened. If no other cutting procedures are performed after this, the circumference of the original car tire will on an average correspond to the length of the rubber plate.
  • a typical rubber plate formed of a car tire comprises sides and ends in addition to the inner and outer surface of the tread. According to an embodiment the side walls of the tire are mainly removed, but approximately 1 — 4 cm side walls are left to the rubber plate. Old car tires, which otherwise generally are waste, can be utilized, when they are used for manufacturing of rubber mats.
  • Arranging the rubber plates in one layer without being overlapped means that the treads of two different rubber plates are not superimposed against each other nor even partially overlapped.
  • the rubber plates are substantially arranged in the same plane. This plane is substantially parallel with the treads of the rubber plates.
  • the rubber plates are preferably arranged next to each other so that their sides are substantially facing each other.
  • a slot has been left between the sides of the rubber plate arranged facing each other, which slot can be for example 1 — 30 cm.
  • the rubber mat is typically substantially quadrangle in form, preferably substantially rectangular in form. Its length can be for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 meters and its width 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 meters, respectively. In an embodiment the length is 2 — 6 m and width 2 — 6 m.
  • the thickness of the mat can be for example 2 — 15 cm, according to an embodiment 3 — 10 cm.
  • the fastening means can be for example an U- or V-shaped piece formed of rigid, for example, 6, 8, 10 or 12 mm thick metal. Its branches can be provided with threads, to which a counterpart can be fastened with bolts. It can also be a shackle, clamp or a rivet.
  • the first elongated binding elements are arranged to the first side of the mat and the second to the second side of the mat, and the first binding elements are provided with loops, which are partially arranged through the mat to its second side, and the second elongated binding elements on the second side of the mat are arranged to travel through said loops.
  • the loops provided in the binding elements are fastening means of the mat and the mat is preferably provided with holes, through which the loops are arranged.
  • the binding elements are ribbed bars or other similar rigid elongated metal structures.
  • wires can be used as binding elements, but then the rigidity of the mat weakens considerably and generally the wire is also clearly more expensive than the ribbed bar.
  • some of the binding elements can be wires and some ribbed bars.
  • other similar binding elements can be used, for example a rope.
  • the length of an elongated binding element is substantially bigger than the diameter.
  • the diameter of the binding element, such as a ribbed bar, to be used in a mat according to the invention can be for example 6 — 14 mm, according to an embodiment 8, 10 or 12 mm.
  • bearing means are fastened to the rubber mat.
  • the mat can be moved simply and easily, for example by attaching a separate wire arrangement provided with hooks, or the like to the bearing means.
  • the wire arrangement or the like can then be lifted and moved with any working machine suitable for the purpose, such as an excavator.
  • the bearing means can be a steel loop, wire shackle, chain loop or any other element suitable for the purpose.
  • the bearing means are formed of steel chain.
  • the bearing means are attached to the rubber plates to the first or second side of the mat.
  • at least five bearing means are placed to the mat, preferably one close to each corner and one in the middle area of the mat. This way, the mat can be lifted and moved, and further laid down at a desired place mainly straight and precisely.
  • the bearing means can also be attached to the binding elements, such as ribbed bars. The mat can be lifted and moved also by gripping the binding elements.
  • the rubber mat comprises the first and the second side, rubber plates, elongated binding elements as well as fastening means, which are arranged through the rubber plates and by which the binding elements are arranged in connection with the rubber plates.
  • the rubber plates are arranged in one layer without being overlapped and the fastening means is a loop.
  • a similar rubber mat can also be used in a method according to the invention.
  • the elongated binding elements do not necessarily need to be rigid, although the rigidness provides many advantages.
  • Such a rubber mat according to the invention is simple and low-cost. It is easily mountable and forms a supporting and binding bearing course to the road soil.
  • the tensile strength of the rubber mat is sufficiently rigid, it binds the road soil construction, for example, so that the road soil does not spread in the lateral direction so easily as, for example, the gravel roads generally broaden, for example, due to the effect of use and rains.
  • At least one rubber mat according to any of the claims of the present application is arranged under the surface layer of the road.
  • the rubber mats are substantially arranged in the direction of the plane of the road surface.
  • Rubber mats which are formed of car tires by cutting their side walls off and by cutting the tire treads through, so that from the tires it is formed rubber plates, which are elongated, flat and substantially quadrangle in form and which are fastened to each other, are especially well suited to be used in the method.
  • the rubber mats are arranged 20 — 70 cm, preferably 30 — 60 cm under the road surface.
  • combining means can be, for example, a wire, chain or the like and it can be arranged, for example, in connection with the bearing means or the binding element.
  • a combining means is provided at the end of the binding element, for example, by bending the end of the binding element into the form of a hook or a loop.
  • - road construction material is removed from the first side of the road, whereby at least one first rubber mat is arranged to the bottom of the formed cavity,
  • the advantage of the method is, La., that one side of the road can be in traffic use all the time, if desired.
  • the mats on the first side of the road can be fastened by combining means to the mats on the second side of the road, whereby the mats remain very well in their places.
  • the road construction material can be, for example, gravel, sand, clay, topsoil or a mixture of these.
  • the road surface can be the same or different material than other road construction material.
  • a typical road construction according to the invention comprises road construction material and a road surface, under which at least one rubber mat, which comprises rubber plates formed of tire treads, is arranged.
  • Figure 2 shows a rubber mat according to the second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a rubber mat according to the third embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a rubber plate according to an embodiment made of a car tire
  • Figure 5 shows a rubber plate according to another embodiment made of a car tire
  • Figures 6a — 6c show the fastening of elongated binding elements in connection with rubber plates
  • Figures 7a — 7c show the mounting of a mat according to an embodiment of the invention as a supporting construction of the road soil
  • Figure 8 shows mats according to an embodiment of the invention mounted to the road soil
  • Figure 9a shows parts of a rubber mat according to an embodiment apart from each other, and Figure 9b shows a rubber mat formed of the parts of Figure 9a.
  • FIGURES Figure 1 shows a rubber mat according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the rubber mat comprises rubber plates 11 , 21 , which are elongated, substantially rectangular in form and are made of used car tires by cutting the tire tread through and by cutting the major part of the side walls of the tire off. All five rubber plates of the mat are arranged in one layer substantially in the same plane, so that the rubber plates are not superimposed or overlapped with each other.
  • Elongated binding elements 12, 13, which in this example are ribbed bars, are fastened in connection with the rubber mat to its first side.
  • ribbed bars are arranged in connection with the rubber mat substantially in the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates 11 , 21 , which direction is indicated in the figure with an arrow L, and four ribbed bars are arranged substantially in the lateral direction of the rubber plates, which direction is indicated in the figure with an arrow W.
  • the purpose of the longitudinal ribbed bars 13 of the rubber plates are intended to mainly support the mat, so that it remains substantially planar and does not, for example, curl remarkably in its longitudinal direction L. Otherwise, the rubber plates formed of tires partially strive to return to the original circular form of the tire.
  • the purpose of the ribbed bars 12 arranged in the lateral direction W of the rubber plates is to fasten the rubber plates in connection with each other as well as support the mat in its lateral direction W.
  • the hooked binding means also prevent the ribbed bars to move away from their places.
  • the ribbed bars 12, 13 are fastened in connection with the rubber plates 11 , 21 with fastening means 14, 24, which in this example are two-armed, substantially U-shaped loops.
  • the arms of the U-shaped loops 14, 24 are arranged through one rubber plate from the first side to the second side, so that the ribbed bar 12, 13 has on the first side of the rubber mat stayed between the base of the U-shaped loop 14, 24 and the rubber mat.
  • the ends of both arms of the U- shaped fastening means are bent towards the rubber mat (not shown in the figure), so that the fastening means fastens the ribbed bar in connection with the rubber plate.
  • Some of the fastening means 14 fasten two binding elements 12, 13 substantially perpendicular to each other in connection with the mat and some 24 fasten only one binding element 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rubber mat according to the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Elongated binding elements are ribbed bars 12, which are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates 11 , 21.
  • This mat has no binding elements arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates.
  • five bearing means 17, 37 are fastened to the mat, by which bearing means the mat can be easily moved.
  • Figure 3 shows a rubber mat according to the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the rubber plates 11 , 21 which are elongated, substantially rectangular in form, are arranged parallel next to each other, so that a slot 15, 25 is left between them.
  • the length L of the rubber plates is approximately 2 — 3 m and the width W is approximately 25 — 40 cm, and approximately 10 — 20 cm wide slots 15, 25 have been left between the rubber plates.
  • the purpose of the slots depends on the application of use. In a specific use, it is desired that water can easily run through the mat mounted into the ground. In certain conditions, the mat mounted into the ground remains also more firmly in its place due to the slots. In many uses, the mat must, however, not be too open, due to which the slots can be provided sufficiently small, for example, 2 — 10 cm or they can be totally left out.
  • Figure 4 shows a rubber plate according to an embodiment made of a car tire.
  • the side walls of the car tire have been cut off and the tire tread has remained.
  • the tire tread is flat and elongated. It comprises an inner surface 52 and outer surface 51 , which typically has a pattern and which in an intact tire is intended to touch the road surface.
  • the rubber plate further comprises a first 53 and a second 54 end as well as a first 55 and a second 56 side.
  • Figure 5 shows a rubber plate according to another embodiment made of a car tire.
  • the side walls of the car tire are mainly cut off and the tire tread 57 and about 1 — 4 cm of both side walls 58, 59 have remained.
  • the treaded outer surface of the tire tread 57 faces down and is thus not visible.
  • Figures 6a — 6c show the fastening of the elongated binding elements 12, 13 in connection with the rubber plates 11 , 21 with the aid of the fastening means 14, 24, 44 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures show a cross- sectional view of five rubber plates 11 , 21 placed next to each other.
  • the rubber plates are formed of car tires by cutting the side walls of the tire almost completely off, whereby the tire tread remains.
  • the edges of the rubber plates 11 , 21 have small, approximately 1 — 4 cm high bulges 16, 26, which have remained after cutting the major part of the side walls of the tire off.
  • the rubber plates are arranged to the mat, so that in every other rubber plate 11 the outer surface 51 ' of the tire tread is upwards and in every other rubber plate 21 it is downwards 51".
  • Such an arrangement supports the mat so that it stays better straight. If all plates are placed in the same direction, the mat strives to bend into a curve.
  • the bulges 16, 26 provide a friction surface on both sides of the mat, with the aid of which friction surface the mat stays better in its place, when it is mounted to the ground, for example, to support the road soil.
  • Figure 6a shows, in addition to the rubber plates, one ribbed bar arranged in the lateral direction 12 of the rubber plates and three ribbed bars arranged in the longitudinal 13 direction of the rubber plates as well as U-shaped fastening means 14, 24, 44.
  • the parts are shown in the figure apart from each other.
  • the arms of the U-shaped fastening means are partly or totally arranged through the rubber plates 21 , 11 , so that one or two ribbed bars 12, 13 have remained between the base 14', 24', 44' of each fastening means and the rubber mat.
  • the U-shaped loops functioning as fastening means are pressed into the rubber mat, so that the ends 14", 24", 44" of the arms of the loops extend through the mat to its second side.
  • the ends 14", 24" 44" of the arms of the loops are bent on the other side of the rubber mat towards the rubber mat, so that on the first side of the mat the bases of the loops attach the ribbed bars in connection with the rubber plate.
  • the U-shaped fastening means are arranged to the mat with a riveting device.
  • the fastening means is pressed with a riveting device through the rubber plate against an anvil, so that the arms of the fastening means bend towards the rubber plate, generally at least 90 degrees.
  • Figures 7a — 7c show the mounting of a mat according to an embodiment of the invention as a supporting construction of the road soil.
  • old road construction material has been removed from the first side 61 of the road and a first rubber mat 71 according to the invention has been mounted to the bottom of the formed cavity.
  • the second side 62 of the road is open to traffic.
  • Security road barriers 63 are provided around the cavity.
  • a bearing gravel layer 64 is arranged on the rubber mat 71 mounted to the ground of the first side 61 of the road, so that the first side 61 of the road has been opened to traffic again.
  • Old road construction material has been removed from the second side 62 of the road and a second rubber mat 72 according to the invention has been mounted to the bottom of the formed cavity. It has been combined by the combining means, such as a wire 73, with the rubber mat 71 mounted to the ground of the first side 61 of the road, what makes the mats 71 , 72 to stay attached to each other and therefore also better in their places and form a binding construction layer into the road soil.
  • a construction layer formed of rubber mats 71 , 72 is mounted into the road soil substantially to the total width of the road and both sides 61 , 62 of the road are open to traffic.
  • the rubber mats 71 , 72 support the road construction and protect it for example from the disadvantages of plentiful rains and frost.
  • Figure 8 shows in a direction of the plane of the road surface mats according to an embodiment of the invention mounted into the road soil.
  • the road is approximately like the road shown in Figures 7a — 7c and comprises a first side 61 and a second side 62 and is about 6 — 6.5 m wide.
  • the figures show six mats, each of which comprises four rubber plates 11 , 21 and two elongated binding elements 12, 12'.
  • Three first mats 71 , 71 ', 71" are mounted into the ground of the first side 61 of the road and three second mats into the ground of the second side 62 of the road.
  • the three first mats 71 , 71', 71 " are fastened to each other by longitudinal combining means 76, so that the mats stay attached to each other in the longitudinal direction of the road. Further, the mats 71 , 71', 71 " of the first side of the road are fastened to the mats of the second side of the road with the hooked combining means 73 provided to the ends of the binding elements, for example, by bending, so that the mats stay attached to each other in the lateral direction of the road.
  • Figure 9a shows as a cross-sectional view parts of a rubber mat according to an embodiment apart from each other.
  • the Figure shows five rubber plates 11', 21' formed of care tires and placed next to each other, to which plates has been left 2 — 4 cm of the tire side wall, what can be seen as bulges 16'.
  • a first elongated binding element 12' which is a ribbed bar, is provided on the first side of the rubber plates, i.e. in this example underside.
  • Loops 27, 47 are provided, for example by bending, to the first ribbed bar as fastening means.
  • the form of the loops can be chosen according to the need.
  • Holes 28, which are approximately the same size as the loops, are provided to the rubber plates.
  • Figure 9b shows a cross-sectional view of a rubber mat formed of the parts of Figure 9a.
  • the loops 27, 47 of the ribbed bar 12' are partly arranged on the second side of the rubber plates and at the same time on the second side of the mat formed of them, and the second ribbed bars 13' are arranged to travel through the loops.
  • the bulges 16' remained from the side walls of the tires facing the first ribbed bar 12' on the underside of the mat have yielded and have had to sag partly, but upon striving to return to their original state they press the ribbed bar 12' and thus tighten it and hold it in its place.
  • a hooked combining means 18, which can be fastened to the corresponding hooks of the adjacent mats, are provided to the ends of the first ribbed bar.
  • the first ribbed bar 12' provided with loops 27, 47 is mounted substantially perpendicularly against the lateral direction of the elongated rubber plates 11' and 21'.
  • the ribbed bars 13' mounted to the loops 27, 47 are mounted substantially parallel to the rubber plates 11 ', 21', respectively.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically in dotted lines one ribbed bar 12' as mentioned above, which is provided with loops 24 and mounted substantially parallel to the elongated rubber plates 11 and 21.
  • Figures show only exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • the dimensions and shapes may differ from the actual ones and for example the number of rubber plates and the slot sizes between the plates are only examples.
  • the Figures do not separately show matters that are irrelevant in view of the main idea of the invention, known as such or obvious as such for a person skilled in the art. It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited exclusively to the examples described above, but that the invention can vary within the scope of the claims presented below.
  • the dependent claims present some possible embodiments of the invention, and they are not to be considered to restrict the scope of protection of the invention as such.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a rubber mat comprising a first and a second side, rubber plates (11, 21) arranged in one layer without being overlapped, loops (14, 24), which are arranged through the rubber plates (11, 21), elongated rigid binding elements (12, 13), which are arranged to travel through the loops (14, 24). The invention relates further to the applications of the mat according to the invention.

Description

RUBBER MAT AND ITS USE
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a rubber mat, use of a rubber mat, method for supporting a road construction and a road construction according to the preambles of the independent claims presented below.
PRIOR ART
Mats made of rubber plates are, among other things, used as blasting mats on blasting sites. Used car tires, for example, are used as a raw material for the rubber plates. Rubber plates can be fastened to each other, for example, by making holes to them and by pulling a wire through the holes alternately from one side of the rubber plate to another.
Due to floods or plentiful rains, the road soil consisting, for example, of sand, clay and gravel can become so wet and soft that its construction weakens considerably. Especially fine-grained soil moves easily due to the effect of water, in which case the construction of the road soil can be damaged causing cracks or landslips. In cold areas the freezing of the ground, i.e. frost, causes movement of soil elements and thus damages the road soils.
The patent publication US 4,801 ,217 discloses a mat formed of car tires and its use as a road bed. The mat is formed by placing whole rubber tires in a form of a matrix, so that the treads are facing each other. The structure of the mat in question has many big holes, due to which it prevents only some of the movement of the fine soil material caused by frost and water. The soil material expanding and contracting due to the effect of frost sometimes strives to raise the mat towards the soil surface, because the fine soil material easily gets downwards through the mat when the frost is melting or in connection with plentiful rains. The structure of the mat is remarkably flexible and particularly its tensile strength is weak, due to which it does not sufficiently support the road soil under the conditions, where the frost causes strong movement of the soil material. THE OBJECT AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to reduce or even eliminate the above- mentioned problems appearing in the prior art.
The object of the present invention is to provide a simple and low-cost rubber mat.
Further, the object of the present invention is to provide a bearing course effectively supporting and binding the road soil, which bearing course is cheap and easy to mount.
To attain the above purposes, La., the rubber mat, use of a rubber mat, method for supporting a road construction as well as the road construction according to the invention are characterized by what is presented in the characterizing parts of the appended independent claims.
The embodiments and advantages mentioned in this text relate, when applicable, to the rubber mat, use of a rubber mat, method for supporting the road construction, as well as to a road construction, even though it is not always specifically mentioned.
A typical rubber mat according to the invention comprises a first and a second side, rubber plates, elongated binding elements as well as fastening means, which are arranged through the rubber plates and by which the binding elements are arranged in connection with the rubber plates. In a typical rubber mat according to the invention the rubber plates are arranged in one layer without being overlapped and the fastening means are loops and the elongated binding elements are rigid and they are arranged to travel through the loops.
A rigid binding element refers to the fact that it bends in the room temperature under its own weight less than a 4 mm thick ribbed bar. A rigid binding element does not in this application refer, for example, to 2 — 12 mm thick steel wires, because they typically bend more than a 4 mm thick ribbed bar. A rigid binding element refers, for example, to 6 — 14 mm thick ribbed bars and to other similar elongated metal structures.
In this application the rubber plate refers to plates made of flexible and bendable material. The rubber plates are preferably substantially rectangular or quadrangle in form. According to a preferred embodiment the rubber plates are elongated. The cross-section of the rubber plates in the lateral direction of the plates may be substantially straight or it may be slightly curved on its edges. The edges of otherwise rectangular cross-section may have slight bulges.
According to an embodiment of the invention the rubber plates are made of used car tires or conveyor belts. According to an embodiment the rubber plates are made of used truck tires. The metal weave in the car tires increases the strength of the rubber plates.
When the rubber plates are made of car tires according to an embodiment of the invention, the side walls are removed from the tire and the remaining tire tread is cut through and straightened. If no other cutting procedures are performed after this, the circumference of the original car tire will on an average correspond to the length of the rubber plate. A typical rubber plate formed of a car tire comprises sides and ends in addition to the inner and outer surface of the tread. According to an embodiment the side walls of the tire are mainly removed, but approximately 1 — 4 cm side walls are left to the rubber plate. Old car tires, which otherwise generally are waste, can be utilized, when they are used for manufacturing of rubber mats.
Arranging the rubber plates in one layer without being overlapped means that the treads of two different rubber plates are not superimposed against each other nor even partially overlapped.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the rubber plates are substantially arranged in the same plane. This plane is substantially parallel with the treads of the rubber plates. The rubber plates are preferably arranged next to each other so that their sides are substantially facing each other. According to an embodiment a slot has been left between the sides of the rubber plate arranged facing each other, which slot can be for example 1 — 30 cm.
The rubber mat is typically substantially quadrangle in form, preferably substantially rectangular in form. Its length can be for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 meters and its width 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 meters, respectively. In an embodiment the length is 2 — 6 m and width 2 — 6 m. The thickness of the mat can be for example 2 — 15 cm, according to an embodiment 3 — 10 cm.
The fastening means can be for example an U- or V-shaped piece formed of rigid, for example, 6, 8, 10 or 12 mm thick metal. Its branches can be provided with threads, to which a counterpart can be fastened with bolts. It can also be a shackle, clamp or a rivet.
In the rubber mat according to an embodiment of the invention the first elongated binding elements are arranged to the first side of the mat and the second to the second side of the mat, and the first binding elements are provided with loops, which are partially arranged through the mat to its second side, and the second elongated binding elements on the second side of the mat are arranged to travel through said loops. In this embodiment the loops provided in the binding elements are fastening means of the mat and the mat is preferably provided with holes, through which the loops are arranged.
According to an embodiment of the invention the binding elements are ribbed bars or other similar rigid elongated metal structures. Also wires can be used as binding elements, but then the rigidity of the mat weakens considerably and generally the wire is also clearly more expensive than the ribbed bar. In the same mat some of the binding elements can be wires and some ribbed bars. Also other similar binding elements can be used, for example a rope. The length of an elongated binding element is substantially bigger than the diameter. The diameter of the binding element, such as a ribbed bar, to be used in a mat according to the invention, can be for example 6 — 14 mm, according to an embodiment 8, 10 or 12 mm.
According to an embodiment of the invention bearing means are fastened to the rubber mat. With the bearing means, the mat can be moved simply and easily, for example by attaching a separate wire arrangement provided with hooks, or the like to the bearing means. The wire arrangement or the like can then be lifted and moved with any working machine suitable for the purpose, such as an excavator. The bearing means can be a steel loop, wire shackle, chain loop or any other element suitable for the purpose. According to an embodiment the bearing means are formed of steel chain. Typically, the bearing means are attached to the rubber plates to the first or second side of the mat. According to an embodiment at least five bearing means are placed to the mat, preferably one close to each corner and one in the middle area of the mat. This way, the mat can be lifted and moved, and further laid down at a desired place mainly straight and precisely. The bearing means can also be attached to the binding elements, such as ribbed bars. The mat can be lifted and moved also by gripping the binding elements.
In a typical use of the rubber mat according to the invention as a part of the road construction the rubber mat comprises the first and the second side, rubber plates, elongated binding elements as well as fastening means, which are arranged through the rubber plates and by which the binding elements are arranged in connection with the rubber plates. The rubber plates are arranged in one layer without being overlapped and the fastening means is a loop. A similar rubber mat can also be used in a method according to the invention. Thus, in the use and method of the invention the elongated binding elements do not necessarily need to be rigid, although the rigidness provides many advantages.
Such a rubber mat according to the invention is simple and low-cost. It is easily mountable and forms a supporting and binding bearing course to the road soil.
Since the tensile strength of the rubber mat is sufficiently rigid, it binds the road soil construction, for example, so that the road soil does not spread in the lateral direction so easily as, for example, the gravel roads generally broaden, for example, due to the effect of use and rains.
In a typical method according to the invention for supporting the road construction at least one rubber mat according to any of the claims of the present application is arranged under the surface layer of the road.
According to a preferred embodiment the rubber mats are substantially arranged in the direction of the plane of the road surface.
In a method according to the invention for supporting the road construction also other kind of rubber mats can be used than those according to the present invention. Rubber mats, which are formed of car tires by cutting their side walls off and by cutting the tire treads through, so that from the tires it is formed rubber plates, which are elongated, flat and substantially quadrangle in form and which are fastened to each other, are especially well suited to be used in the method.
According to an embodiment of the invention the rubber mats are arranged 20 — 70 cm, preferably 30 — 60 cm under the road surface.
According to an embodiment of the invention adjacent and/or successive rubber mats are fastened to each other with combining means. The combining means can be, for example, a wire, chain or the like and it can be arranged, for example, in connection with the bearing means or the binding element. According to an embodiment of the invention a combining means is provided at the end of the binding element, for example, by bending the end of the binding element into the form of a hook or a loop. With the combining means several mats can be fastened to each other to one mat group, in which case the mats remain very well in their places and thus also bind the ground well, for example road soil, into which they are arranged.
In a method according to an embodiment of the invention - road construction material is removed from the first side of the road, whereby at least one first rubber mat is arranged to the bottom of the formed cavity,
- first rubber mats are fastened to each other by combining means, - road construction material is arranged on the first rubber mats, so that the first side of the road can be opened to traffic again,
- road construction material is removed from the second side of the road, whereby at least one second rubber mat is arranged to the bottom of the formed cavity, - second rubber mats are fastened to each other as well as to the first rubber mats by combining means,
- road construction material is arranged on the second rubber mats, so that the second side of the road can be opened to traffic again.
The advantage of the method is, La., that one side of the road can be in traffic use all the time, if desired. However, the mats on the first side of the road can be fastened by combining means to the mats on the second side of the road, whereby the mats remain very well in their places.
The road construction material can be, for example, gravel, sand, clay, topsoil or a mixture of these. The road surface can be the same or different material than other road construction material.
A typical road construction according to the invention comprises road construction material and a road surface, under which at least one rubber mat, which comprises rubber plates formed of tire treads, is arranged.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The invention is described in the following exemplary figures, in which Figure 1 shows a rubber mat according to the first embodiment of the invention,
Figure 2 shows a rubber mat according to the second embodiment of the invention, Figure 3 shows a rubber mat according to the third embodiment of the invention,
Figure 4 shows a rubber plate according to an embodiment made of a car tire, Figure 5 shows a rubber plate according to another embodiment made of a car tire,
Figures 6a — 6c show the fastening of elongated binding elements in connection with rubber plates,
Figures 7a — 7c show the mounting of a mat according to an embodiment of the invention as a supporting construction of the road soil, Figure 8 shows mats according to an embodiment of the invention mounted to the road soil,
Figure 9a shows parts of a rubber mat according to an embodiment apart from each other, and Figure 9b shows a rubber mat formed of the parts of Figure 9a.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows a rubber mat according to the first embodiment of the invention. The rubber mat comprises rubber plates 11 , 21 , which are elongated, substantially rectangular in form and are made of used car tires by cutting the tire tread through and by cutting the major part of the side walls of the tire off. All five rubber plates of the mat are arranged in one layer substantially in the same plane, so that the rubber plates are not superimposed or overlapped with each other. Elongated binding elements 12, 13, which in this example are ribbed bars, are fastened in connection with the rubber mat to its first side. Three of the ribbed bars are arranged in connection with the rubber mat substantially in the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates 11 , 21 , which direction is indicated in the figure with an arrow L, and four ribbed bars are arranged substantially in the lateral direction of the rubber plates, which direction is indicated in the figure with an arrow W. The purpose of the longitudinal ribbed bars 13 of the rubber plates are intended to mainly support the mat, so that it remains substantially planar and does not, for example, curl remarkably in its longitudinal direction L. Otherwise, the rubber plates formed of tires partially strive to return to the original circular form of the tire. The purpose of the ribbed bars 12 arranged in the lateral direction W of the rubber plates is to fasten the rubber plates in connection with each other as well as support the mat in its lateral direction W. A hooked combining means 18, through which the mat can be fastened to another mat to be mounted next to it, is arranged to the end of some ribbed bars. The hooked binding means also prevent the ribbed bars to move away from their places. The ribbed bars 12, 13 are fastened in connection with the rubber plates 11 , 21 with fastening means 14, 24, which in this example are two-armed, substantially U-shaped loops. The arms of the U-shaped loops 14, 24 are arranged through one rubber plate from the first side to the second side, so that the ribbed bar 12, 13 has on the first side of the rubber mat stayed between the base of the U-shaped loop 14, 24 and the rubber mat. On the other side of the rubber plate 11 , 21 the ends of both arms of the U- shaped fastening means are bent towards the rubber mat (not shown in the figure), so that the fastening means fastens the ribbed bar in connection with the rubber plate. Some of the fastening means 14 fasten two binding elements 12, 13 substantially perpendicular to each other in connection with the mat and some 24 fasten only one binding element 12.
Figure 2 shows a rubber mat according to the second embodiment of the invention. Elongated binding elements are ribbed bars 12, which are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates 11 , 21. This mat has no binding elements arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rubber plates. Also five bearing means 17, 37 are fastened to the mat, by which bearing means the mat can be easily moved.
Figure 3 shows a rubber mat according to the third embodiment of the invention. The rubber plates 11 , 21 which are elongated, substantially rectangular in form, are arranged parallel next to each other, so that a slot 15, 25 is left between them. In this example, the length L of the rubber plates is approximately 2 — 3 m and the width W is approximately 25 — 40 cm, and approximately 10 — 20 cm wide slots 15, 25 have been left between the rubber plates. The purpose of the slots depends on the application of use. In a specific use, it is desired that water can easily run through the mat mounted into the ground. In certain conditions, the mat mounted into the ground remains also more firmly in its place due to the slots. In many uses, the mat must, however, not be too open, due to which the slots can be provided sufficiently small, for example, 2 — 10 cm or they can be totally left out.
Figure 4 shows a rubber plate according to an embodiment made of a car tire. The side walls of the car tire have been cut off and the tire tread has remained. The tire tread is flat and elongated. It comprises an inner surface 52 and outer surface 51 , which typically has a pattern and which in an intact tire is intended to touch the road surface. The rubber plate further comprises a first 53 and a second 54 end as well as a first 55 and a second 56 side.
Figure 5 shows a rubber plate according to another embodiment made of a car tire. The side walls of the car tire are mainly cut off and the tire tread 57 and about 1 — 4 cm of both side walls 58, 59 have remained. In the figure, the treaded outer surface of the tire tread 57 faces down and is thus not visible.
Figures 6a — 6c show the fastening of the elongated binding elements 12, 13 in connection with the rubber plates 11 , 21 with the aid of the fastening means 14, 24, 44 according to an embodiment of the invention. Figures show a cross- sectional view of five rubber plates 11 , 21 placed next to each other. The rubber plates are formed of car tires by cutting the side walls of the tire almost completely off, whereby the tire tread remains. In this embodiment the edges of the rubber plates 11 , 21 have small, approximately 1 — 4 cm high bulges 16, 26, which have remained after cutting the major part of the side walls of the tire off. In this embodiment the rubber plates are arranged to the mat, so that in every other rubber plate 11 the outer surface 51 ' of the tire tread is upwards and in every other rubber plate 21 it is downwards 51". Such an arrangement supports the mat so that it stays better straight. If all plates are placed in the same direction, the mat strives to bend into a curve. The bulges 16, 26 provide a friction surface on both sides of the mat, with the aid of which friction surface the mat stays better in its place, when it is mounted to the ground, for example, to support the road soil.
Figure 6a shows, in addition to the rubber plates, one ribbed bar arranged in the lateral direction 12 of the rubber plates and three ribbed bars arranged in the longitudinal 13 direction of the rubber plates as well as U-shaped fastening means 14, 24, 44. For the sake of example the parts are shown in the figure apart from each other.
In the case of Figure 6b the arms of the U-shaped fastening means are partly or totally arranged through the rubber plates 21 , 11 , so that one or two ribbed bars 12, 13 have remained between the base 14', 24', 44' of each fastening means and the rubber mat. The U-shaped loops functioning as fastening means are pressed into the rubber mat, so that the ends 14", 24", 44" of the arms of the loops extend through the mat to its second side. In the case of Figure 6c the ends 14", 24" 44" of the arms of the loops are bent on the other side of the rubber mat towards the rubber mat, so that on the first side of the mat the bases of the loops attach the ribbed bars in connection with the rubber plate. According to an embodiment the U-shaped fastening means are arranged to the mat with a riveting device. The fastening means is pressed with a riveting device through the rubber plate against an anvil, so that the arms of the fastening means bend towards the rubber plate, generally at least 90 degrees.
Figures 7a — 7c show the mounting of a mat according to an embodiment of the invention as a supporting construction of the road soil. In Figure 7a old road construction material has been removed from the first side 61 of the road and a first rubber mat 71 according to the invention has been mounted to the bottom of the formed cavity. Simultaneously, the second side 62 of the road is open to traffic. Security road barriers 63 are provided around the cavity.
In Figure 7b a bearing gravel layer 64 is arranged on the rubber mat 71 mounted to the ground of the first side 61 of the road, so that the first side 61 of the road has been opened to traffic again. Old road construction material has been removed from the second side 62 of the road and a second rubber mat 72 according to the invention has been mounted to the bottom of the formed cavity. It has been combined by the combining means, such as a wire 73, with the rubber mat 71 mounted to the ground of the first side 61 of the road, what makes the mats 71 , 72 to stay attached to each other and therefore also better in their places and form a binding construction layer into the road soil.
In Figure 7c road construction material, in this example a bearing gravel layer 65, is arranged also on the rubber mat 72 mounted into the ground of the second side
62 of the road. Now, a construction layer formed of rubber mats 71 , 72 is mounted into the road soil substantially to the total width of the road and both sides 61 , 62 of the road are open to traffic. The rubber mats 71 , 72 support the road construction and protect it for example from the disadvantages of plentiful rains and frost.
Figure 8 shows in a direction of the plane of the road surface mats according to an embodiment of the invention mounted into the road soil. The road is approximately like the road shown in Figures 7a — 7c and comprises a first side 61 and a second side 62 and is about 6 — 6.5 m wide. The figures show six mats, each of which comprises four rubber plates 11 , 21 and two elongated binding elements 12, 12'. Three first mats 71 , 71 ', 71" are mounted into the ground of the first side 61 of the road and three second mats into the ground of the second side 62 of the road. The three first mats 71 , 71', 71 " are fastened to each other by longitudinal combining means 76, so that the mats stay attached to each other in the longitudinal direction of the road. Further, the mats 71 , 71', 71 " of the first side of the road are fastened to the mats of the second side of the road with the hooked combining means 73 provided to the ends of the binding elements, for example, by bending, so that the mats stay attached to each other in the lateral direction of the road.
Figure 9a shows as a cross-sectional view parts of a rubber mat according to an embodiment apart from each other. The Figure shows five rubber plates 11', 21' formed of care tires and placed next to each other, to which plates has been left 2 — 4 cm of the tire side wall, what can be seen as bulges 16'. A first elongated binding element 12', which is a ribbed bar, is provided on the first side of the rubber plates, i.e. in this example underside. Loops 27, 47 are provided, for example by bending, to the first ribbed bar as fastening means. The form of the loops can be chosen according to the need. Holes 28, which are approximately the same size as the loops, are provided to the rubber plates. On the other side of the rubber plates, i.e. on the upper side in this figure, there are five second ribbed bars 13', only a cross-sectional view of which can be seen, since their longitudinal direction is perpendicular against the plane of the figure.
Figure 9b shows a cross-sectional view of a rubber mat formed of the parts of Figure 9a. The loops 27, 47 of the ribbed bar 12' are partly arranged on the second side of the rubber plates and at the same time on the second side of the mat formed of them, and the second ribbed bars 13' are arranged to travel through the loops. The bulges 16' remained from the side walls of the tires facing the first ribbed bar 12' on the underside of the mat have yielded and have had to sag partly, but upon striving to return to their original state they press the ribbed bar 12' and thus tighten it and hold it in its place. A hooked combining means 18, which can be fastened to the corresponding hooks of the adjacent mats, are provided to the ends of the first ribbed bar.
In the example of Figure 9b the first ribbed bar 12' provided with loops 27, 47 is mounted substantially perpendicularly against the lateral direction of the elongated rubber plates 11' and 21'. In Figure 9b the ribbed bars 13' mounted to the loops 27, 47 are mounted substantially parallel to the rubber plates 11 ', 21', respectively. It is also possible to mount the first ribbed bars 12' provided with loops substantially parallel to the elongated rubber plates 11' and 21', whereby the ribbed bars 13' mounted to the loops are mounted to a substantially perpendicular direction in respect of the rubber plates 11 ' and 21'. Figure 3 shows schematically in dotted lines one ribbed bar 12' as mentioned above, which is provided with loops 24 and mounted substantially parallel to the elongated rubber plates 11 and 21.
Figures show only exemplary embodiments of the invention. In the Figures the dimensions and shapes may differ from the actual ones and for example the number of rubber plates and the slot sizes between the plates are only examples. The Figures do not separately show matters that are irrelevant in view of the main idea of the invention, known as such or obvious as such for a person skilled in the art. It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited exclusively to the examples described above, but that the invention can vary within the scope of the claims presented below. The dependent claims present some possible embodiments of the invention, and they are not to be considered to restrict the scope of protection of the invention as such.

Claims

1. A rubber mat comprising
- a first and a second side, - rubber plates,
- elongated binding elements,
- fastening means, which are arranged through the rubber plates and with the aid of which the binding means are arranged in connection with the rubber plates, characterized in that the rubber plates are arranged in one layer without being overlapped and the fastening means are loops and the elongated binding elements are rigid and they are arranged to travel through the loops.
2. A rubber mat according to claim 1 , characterized in that the rubber plates are substantially arranged in the same plane.
3. A rubber mat according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first elongated binding elements are arranged to the first side of the mat and the second to the second side of the mat, characterized in that the first binding elements are provided with loops, which are partially arranged through the mat to its second side, and the second elongated binding elements on the second side of the mat are arranged to travel through said loops.
4. A rubber mat according to any of the claims 1 — 3, characterized in that the binding elements are ribbed bars.
5. A rubber mat according to any of the claims 1 — 4, characterized in that the rubber plates are made of used car tires or conveyor belts.
6. A rubber mat according to any of the claims 1 — 5, characterized in that bearing means are fastened to the mat.
7. USΘ of a rubber mat according to any of the claims 1 — 6 as a part of the road construction.
8. A method for supporting the road construction, characterized in that at least one rubber mat according to any of the claims 1 — 6 is arranged under the road surface layer.
9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the rubber mats are arranged 20 — 70 cm, preferably 30 — 60 cm, under the road surface.
10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the adjacent and/or successive rubber mats are fastened to each other by combining means.
11. A method according to any of the claims 8 — 10, characterized in that
- road construction material is removed from the first side of the road, whereby at least one first rubber mat is arranged to the bottom of the formed cavity,
- first rubber mats are fastened to each other by combining means,
- road construction material is arranged onto the first rubber mats, so that the first side of the road can be opened to traffic again,
- road construction material is removed from the second side of the road, whereby at least one second rubber mat is arranged to the bottom of the formed cavity,
- second rubber mats are fastened to each other as well as to the first rubber mats by combining means,
- road construction material is arranged on the second rubber mats, so that the second side of the road can be opened to traffic again.
12. A road construction, which comprises road construction material and a road surface and in which at least one rubber mat is arranged under the road surface, characterized in that the rubber mat comprises rubber plates, which are made of car tire treads.
PCT/FI2007/000018 2006-01-19 2007-01-18 Rubber mat and its use WO2007082991A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20060048 2006-01-19
FI20060048A FI20060048L (en) 2006-01-19 2006-01-19 Rubber mat and its use

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9937541B1 (en) 2014-11-17 2018-04-10 William Jackson Apparatus and methods for prevention of mill marks

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4801217A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-31 Jerry Goldberg Construction mat formed from discarded tire beads and method for its use
EP1602890A2 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-07 Aapo Aarrekorpi Method for fastening rubber plates, use of the method, blasting mat and uses thereof

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4801217A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-01-31 Jerry Goldberg Construction mat formed from discarded tire beads and method for its use
EP1602890A2 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-07 Aapo Aarrekorpi Method for fastening rubber plates, use of the method, blasting mat and uses thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9937541B1 (en) 2014-11-17 2018-04-10 William Jackson Apparatus and methods for prevention of mill marks

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FI20060048L (en) 2007-11-08

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