WO2007075108A1

WO2007075108A1 - Method for material local heat treatment and a device for carrying out said method (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2007075108A1
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000684
Authority: WO
Inventors: Georgiy Mikhailovich Alekseev; Yury Mikhailovich Bolshov; Jan Krykorka; Valeriy Pavlovich Sokolov
Original assignee: Georgiy Mikhailovich Alekseev; Yury Mikhailovich Bolshov; Jan Krykorka; Valeriy Pavlovich Sokolov
Priority date: 2005-12-29
Filing date: 2005-12-29
Publication date: 2007-07-05

Abstract

The invention relates to hybrid heat treatment of materials by the action of a poly chromatic and coherent radiation and to devices for carrying out said method (variants). The inventive method consists in modifying a heating rate and in cooling a local treatment area in real time according to a specified thermal cycle. For this purpose, the devices are embodied in such away that it makes it possible to control the radiation intensity and/or the spectrum of a polychromatic radiation source and to adjust the relative position of focus points of the coherent and polychromatic radiation. The inventive device comprises a collimator (9), a prism (10) and a mirror. In one variant, the prism is mounted on a protective glass (16) on the side of a working area in such a way that it is displaceable. In another variant, as focusing lens is movably arranged between a sealing glass (15) and the protective glass (16).

Description

The method of local heat treatment of materials and a device for its implementation (options)

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of materials, namely, to a local hybrid heat treatment of materials by the method of influencing the material in the local processing zone by coherent and polychromatic radiation, mainly when welding metals.

The invention can be used for local heat treatment, as well as for welding, surfacing and the manufacture of thermally granulated fluxes.

State of the art

The most famous was the heat treatment of metals by sources of coherent radiation. In the book “Laser welding of metals)), Grigoryants A.G. et al., M, Higher School, 1987, pp. 89-124 [1] discusses methods of heat treatment, welding, cutting, flashing holes and surfacing and metals sources of coherent radiation.

It is noted that lasers, having certain advantages, such as a high energy density,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the possibility of transmitting radiation through the fiber and manipulating the welding head when it is placed on the robot have disadvantages, which are as follows:

- low absorption coefficient of laser radiation by the treated surface, increasing the threshold value of the critical power density;

- hard thermal cycles, which can lead to a decrease in the quality of the processed products;

- effects of spray formation and pore formation at high welding speeds;

- low value of the efficiency of lasers and their high cost.

According to the US Laser Technology Center, Plymouth (Sept. for Lasher Tespologu, http://www.fraunhofer.com) [2] COST of one Watt of energy of solid-state lasers is 120-200 US dollars.

These disadvantages limit the use of coherent radiation sources for heat treatment of materials.

The use of polychromatic radiation sources for butt welding and brazing of sheet metals and alloys is also known.

In the article "Light-beam welding equipment", Alekseev G.M. et al. ("Veldipg Optiagiopal", 2000, vol. 14, JNe 3, pp. 246-248.) [3] describes the methods and fundamentals of processing technology by polychromatic radiation sources, describes light-beam welding equipment. It is noted that processing by polychromatic radiation sources provides non-contact supply

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) energy through an optically transparent shell in a controlled gas environment or vacuum, spatial stability of polychromatic radiation, resistance to electromagnetic fields, control of radiation intensity, environmental cleanliness. The disadvantages of polychromatic radiation sources are also indicated - at a relatively low cost of radiant energy, they have low energy densities at the processing point, in the range of about 10 W / cm, which significantly reduces productivity and limits the use of polychromatic radiation sources.

As a source of polychromatic radiation, as a rule, an arc discharge is used between the cathode and the anode, the radiation of which is focused by reflectors to a working point on the product, due to which the required temperature for welding and soldering is achieved (RU 2062684, A, B23K 28/02 ) [four].

Significant progress in the development of energy-saving technologies was achieved with the transition to a new concept of thermal heating of materials. The essence of the concept lies in the integrated approach, that is, in the application of a combination of two heat sources for heating materials, and heating (activating) the material processing zone. Namely, along with the laser, it was proposed to use the energy of a polychromatic gas-discharge light source. The action of a polychromatic beam changes the optical properties of the surface of the material in the processing zone, which leads to an increase in the absorption coefficient of laser radiation by this surface and,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) accordingly, it allows reducing the energy density of coherent radiation, i.e. use lasers of lower power.

Hybrid heat treatment and welding of metals by simultaneous exposure to coherent and polychromatic radiation is known (“Promising Principles of Using Laser Laser Technology), Alekseev G.M. and others, the journal "Automatic welding", 2005, Ns "5, p. 5-11) [5]. The publication provides an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of thermal exposure to coherent and polychromatic radiation, describes the main methods of metal processing and describes a device for implementing these methods.

The analysis shows the “accidence” of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, which predetermined the feasibility of combining them to use the advantages and neutralize the disadvantages of these methods. First of all, to realize such advantages as a high density of laser energy and the possibility of its transmission through the fiber, non-contact supply of energy through an optically transparent shell in a controlled gas environment or vacuum, and the spatial stability of polychromatic radiation. At the same time, to reduce the negative impact of such shortcomings as low efficiency and high cost of coherent radiant energy, and low energy density of polychromatic sources.

An analogue of the present invention is a method and apparatus for welding, brazing and surfacing of metals by the method of simultaneous

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) effects on the material in the local processing zone by coherent and polychromatic radiation (RU 2185943, B23K28 / 02) [6].

In this patent, a polychromatic emitter is placed in a cooled case and has a reflective surface consisting of the first and second ellipsoids of revolution, the large axes of which are aligned. Ellipsoids are connected by a reflecting spherical surface. The device has an arc ignition unit with a movable third electrode between the cathode and anode. The axis of the fiber mount from the coherent radiation source (laser) is placed with the possibility of adjustment at an angle from 5 ° to 85 ° to the major axis of the concentrator so that the intersection of the axis of the optical fiber and the major axis of the polychromatic emitter is aligned with the working focus of the device.

The device operates as follows. First, a vacuum is created in the polychromatic radiation emitter, then the emitter is filled with a plasma-forming gas and sealed. After this, a contact ignition of the arc between the electrodes of the emitter is made and the operating mode is set. The focal spot of this source is directed to the processed local area of the material, and the beam of the coherent radiation source is collimated, focused and also fed into the processing zone of the material.

The advantages of the device are the possibility of low-voltage ignition and the minimum deviation of the laser beam from the axis of polychromatic radiation.

However, the device has such disadvantages as contamination of the optics of a polychromatic radiation source in contact

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) arc ignition, the need to pump out water vapor and oil at high temperatures in the annealing furnace, as well as the effect of laser radiation on the protective glass of the emitter together with polychromatic radiation.

The patent also does not adequately disclose a method of heat treatment of metals by simultaneous exposure to coherent and polychromatic radiation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main objective of the present invention is to provide a method for the local combined heat treatment of materials by the method of exposure to coherent and polychromatic radiation, which provides the desired mechanical properties of materials by changing the heating rate and cooling of the local material processing zone in real time on a given thermal cycle.

The aim of the invention is also the creation of methods for changing the heating and cooling rate of the local zone of material processing in real time on a given thermal cycle.

The object of the invention is also the creation of a device for implementing this method.

Among other objectives of the invention is the creation of the most preferred variants of the device for implementing this method.

The aim of the invention is also the creation of the most effective components and elements of the device (options).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) All these, as well as other goals, are achieved through the following techniques and technical solutions.

It is advisable that the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by adjusting the intensity and / or radiation spectrum of the polychromatic radiation source.

It is effective that the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by choosing the relative position of the focal point from the source of coherent radiation and the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

It is rational that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is moved over the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation, setting it, in the middle, at the leading or trailing edge of the area of this spot, or between the focal spots from two sources of polychromatic radiation.

It is useful that the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation is moved along the material processing zone, setting it, depending on the technological task, before or after the focal point from the source of coherent radiation,

Advantageously, hybrid welding can be performed both by the action of coherent radiation and polychromatic radiation from above the welding zone (single-sided welding), and by the action of coherent radiation from the bottom of the welding zone when polychromatic radiation is exposed from above the welding zone (double-sided welding).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The above methods of regulating the heating and cooling rate of the local material processing zone provide real-time programmable preliminary and / or subsequent heating of the processing zone, reaching a predetermined temperature at the processing point and a predetermined cooling rate of the processing zone, depending on the technological task of obtaining the specified mechanical properties of materials.

The implementation of the above technological methods is achieved by the fact that in a device containing a coherent radiation source with a radiation transmission and focusing system, a polychromatic radiation source, consisting of a reflective optical system located in a sealed enclosure and electrodes installed inside it, the upper point of the cathode working surface being located in emitting focus of the optical system, the top of the case is closed by a removable cover with a porthole transparent for coherent and polychromatic rays fluxes, and the bottom of the casing is closed by a curved screen and a protective glass transparent for radiant fluxes, a device for igniting the arc between the anode and cathode of a polychromatic radiation source, power supplies for coherent and polychromatic radiation sources, a cooling system for a polychromatic radiation source, purging and filling it with a plasma-forming gas, the control unit of the device, and above the porthole a pipe is installed with the collimate located inside it sequentially along the coherent radiation orom, prism and mirror, reflecting optical system of a source

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) polychromatic radiation is made in the form of a two-section truncated ellipsoid, and the line of separation of the sections coincides with the plane perpendicular to the axis of the optical system passing through its focal points.

In another embodiment of the device, a collimator, a focusing optical element and a prism are installed along the beam of the coherent radiation source when it is fed to the operating point, the prism being mounted on the protective glass from the side of the working area with the possibility of moving in the plane of passage of the coherent beam.

In yet another embodiment, the device is designed so that the focusing optical element is installed between the curved screen and the protective glass.

It is advisable that a mirror with a variable curvature of the reflecting surface is installed in the nozzle of the polychromatic radiation source, while changing its curvature is carried out using piezoceramic elements connected to the control unit of the radiation sources.

It is rational that a change in the spectrum of a polychromatic radiation source is carried out as follows:

- in a wide range - by replacing the type of plasma-forming gas or gas mixture, for which purpose a device for discharging the plasma-forming gas is additionally installed on the body of the polychromatic radiation emitter;

- in a narrow range - due to the installation of an optical filter in the data node of the coherent and polychromatic rays or due to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) choosing a protective glass material, for example from quartz, sapphire and

DR-

It is advantageous that a threaded sleeve is installed under the housing cover with the possibility of movement inside the housing, a latch with teeth along the outer diameter is located above the cover, the counter teeth are made in the upper inner part of the housing, and the protective glass is installed using a removable conical nozzle.

It is useful that a ring magnet is mounted on the cone nozzle.

It is effective that the device comprises a control unit for preliminary ionization of the plasma-forming gas.

It is advisable that near the interelectrode space of the reflecting optical system of the polychromatic radiation source for additional ionization of the interelectrode gap an additional electrode is connected to the high-voltage power source.

A brief description of the drawings.

In the following, the description of the invention is illustrated by the following drawings, which show:

Fig.l. The temperature distribution in the processing zone depending on the relative position of the focal point from the coherent radiation source in the focal spot area from the polychromatic radiation source.

Figure 2. The temperature distribution in the processing zone, depending on the relative position of the focal spot from the polychromatic radiation source and the focal point from the coherent radiation source.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Fig.Z. Device for local heat treatment with polychromatic and coherent radiation sources (Option

I) -

FIG. 4. View A of the device depicted in FIG.

FIG. 5. Section BB of the device depicted in Fig.Z.

FIG. 6. Device for local heat treatment with polychromatic and coherent radiation sources (Option 2).

7. View A of the device shown in Fig.6.

Fig. 8. Section BB of the device depicted in Fig.6.

Fig.9. Device for local heat treatment with polychromatic and coherent radiation sources (Option

3).

Disclosure of the invention.

The essence of the patented invention of hybrid heat treatment of materials by the method of influencing the material in the polychromatic and coherent radiation treatment zone is that this effect is carried out in such a way that the integration of the rays of both radiation sources provides the desired properties of the processed materials due to the formation of a thermal field in the material processing zone real-time programmable thermal cycle,

The implementation of these goals is achieved through the following techniques:

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by adjusting the intensity and / or selection of the radiation spectrum of the polychromatic radiation source;

- the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by choosing the relative position of the focal point from the source of coherent radiation and the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

It is advisable that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is moved along the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation, setting it, depending on the technological task, in the middle, at the leading or trailing edge of the area of this spot, or between focal spots from two sources of polychromatic radiation.

It is effective that the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation is moved along the processing zone of the material, setting it, depending on the technological task, before or after the focal point from the source of coherent radiation.

It is useful that, as a source of activation of the surface of the treated metal, along with polychromatic radiation, it is possible to use other electrical heat sources, mainly plasma and arc.

The above methods for regulating the heating and cooling rate of the local material processing zone provide real-time programmable preliminary and / or subsequent heating of the processing zone, achieving the specified

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) temperature at the processing point and a predetermined subsequent cooling rate of the processing zone, depending on the technological task of obtaining the specified mechanical properties of the materials.

Mutual positioning of the focal point from the source of coherent radiation and the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation is performed both by adjusting the elements of the optical path of the source of coherent radiation, for example, by turning the focusing lens, and by moving the source of polychromatic radiation.

The radiation intensity of the polychromatic radiation source is controlled mainly by changing the current between the anode and cathode of this source. It is also possible to change this intensity by choosing the type and magnitude of the pressure of the plasma-forming gas, or by changing the focal length.

The choice of the spectrum of the polychromatic radiation source in order to increase the efficiency of the effect of coherent radiation on the material is carried out by choosing the type of plasma-forming gas (gas mixture), or using optical filters.

It is rational that hybrid welding can be performed both by exposure to coherent radiation and polychromatic radiation from above the welding zone (single-sided welding), and by exposure to coherent radiation from below the welding zone when polychromatic radiation is exposed from above this zone (double-sided welding).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) When combined with coherent radiation and focused polychromatic radiation, a heat field is formed in the material processing zone, the spatial distribution of which is determined by the superposition of radiation fluxes (Figs. 1 and 2), where the effect of polychromatic radiation is indicated by the letter A, and the effect of coherent radiation by the letter B.

When a coherent beam is installed at the leading edge of the focal spot from a polychromatic radiation source (Figs. Ia and 2a), a metal quenching or welding process takes place in the processing zone, followed by tempering, and the polychromatic component provides a predetermined cooling rate.

When installing a coherent beam at the trailing edge of the focal spot from a polychromatic radiation source (Figs. 1 and 26), the polychromatic component maximizes the activation of the surface (preheating) and an increase in the absorption coefficient of the treated surface of the coherent component.

When the coherent beam is located in the middle of the focal spot from a polychromatic source (Fig. 16) or between focal spots from two polychromatic radiation sources (Fig. 2c), the process of welding, surfacing or heat treatment of the metal with subsequent tempering takes place, and the polychromatic component simultaneously provides surface activation and a decrease in the cooling rate in the processing zone.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Consider several typical cases of welding and heat treatment of the patented invention.

1. When butt welding of thin-sheet hardened steels, for example, low-alloy high-strength steels for automobile bodies, it is necessary to leave the welded point in real time, therefore, the focal point from the coherent radiation source is set at the leading edge of the thermal field from the polychromatic radiation source (Figs. Ia and 26 ) In this case, the polychromatic component provides a given cooling rate of the treatment zone and helps to achieve a predetermined temperature at the heating point.

2. When welding longitudinal joints of thin-walled nanocapillary heat pipes made of copper and aluminum alloys, for example, for computer cooling systems, taking into account the high thermal conductivity of these alloys and the possibility of local gaps, the focal point from the coherent radiation source is set at the trailing edge of the thermal field from the polychromatic radiation source ( Figv and 26). At the same time, the polychromatic component maximally promotes the activation of the treated surface, closure of local gaps in the joint and an increase in the absorption capacity of the coherent component.

3. Improving the wear resistance of the surfaces of parts. Parts of structural steels with a carbon content of more than 0.3%, gray and high-strength cast irons can be subjected to heat treatment in this way. For surface heat treatment

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The decisive circumstance is an increase in the absorbing capacity of the treated surface by the coherent component with an increase in the temperature of this surface due to its activation by the polychromatic component.

Depending on the selected pattern of superposition of radiation fluxes, the heating and cooling rates of the operating point will change, and accordingly the structure of the material in the processing zone will change.

For example, during surface local heat treatment of massive dies, molds, working areas of flanges of railway wheels and other parts, when the thickness of the part is usually five or more times the thickness of the hardened metal zone, it is necessary to increase the absorption coefficient of coherent radiation at high heat removal rates and provide a given cooling rate. In this case, the focal point from the source of coherent radiation should be in the center of the heat spot from the source of polychromatic radiation (Fig.16) or between the heat spots from two sources of polychromatic radiation (Fig.2b).

Moreover, as in the welding of thin-sheet hardened steels, the preheating temperature should not exceed the temperature of the onset of phase transitions Ac ₁ .

4. When surfacing metal composite powders with special properties (wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, etc.), the choice of processing scheme is determined by the technological requirements:

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the base and deposited metals in certain temperature ranges during cooling;

- the ability to relax stresses of the base and deposited metals in certain temperature ranges during cooling, etc.

- the set speed of heating and cooling the processing zone in real time.

For example, when applying wear-resistant powder composite stainless materials to quickly wear surfaces, in order to reduce the effect of the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the base and deposited metals, it is necessary to cool the deposited layer in a given temperature range with a cooling rate less than critical. In this case, the focal point from the source of coherent radiation should be in the center of the heat spot from the source of polychromatic radiation (Fig.16) or between the heat spots from two sources of polychromatic radiation (Fig.2b).

The device for processing materials according to the first embodiment of the present invention (Fig.Z.) consists of a polychromatic emitter containing a reflector 1 enclosed in a housing 2, with anode 3 and a cathode 4 located inside the reflector. The housing 2 is closed by a cover 5. The device contains a coherent radiation source 6 with an optical path 7. A nozzle 8 is mounted on the cover 5, with a collimator 9, a prism 10 and a mirror 11 placed in it, and the prism and mirror are mounted with the possibility of

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) displacement. For the passage of the coherent beam in the cover 5 there is a porthole 12. For sealing the polychromatic emitter there is a latch 13 and a threaded sleeve 14. In the lower part of the housing 2 there is a curved screen 15 and a protective glass 16, transparent for coherent and polychromatic rays. The device also includes a power supply 17 of a coherent radiation source 6, a power supply 18 of a polychromatic radiation source, a water cooling unit 19, a high-voltage power supply 20 of the arc ignition and a system for purging, supplying and discharging a plasma-forming gas of a polychromatic emitter 21, a control unit for the device 22.

Device for processing materials according to the first embodiment works as follows.

First, the inner cavity of the housing 2 of the polychromatic emitter is filled with plasma-forming gas according to the following cycle: the cooling is turned on - the emitter is purged with ionized gas - the arc is ignited - the emitter is warmed up - the working pressure of the plasma-forming gas in the emitter is set. Then the polychromatic radiation source is brought to the operating mode, the radiant flux of which from the reflector 1 is directed to the treatment zone.

Next, the generation of the coherent radiation source 6 is excited and brought to the operating mode. The coherent beam along the optical path 7 through the collimator 9, the optical elements 10 and 11 are also sent to the processing zone.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Thus, both polychromatic and coherent rays are focused in the local processing zone of the material. The mutual positioning of the rays, the intensity and spectrum of the polychromatic emitter are regulated depending on the current technological task of heat treatment of the material.

In the patented device according to the second embodiment (Fig. 6.), the optical element 10, mainly a prism, is mounted on the protective glass 16 with the possibility of movement. Otherwise, with the exception of the branch pipe 8 and the window 12, the device is identical to the device according to option 1.

The optical element 10 can also be made in the form of a deformable mirror with a variable shape of the reflecting surface, which provides a change in the focal length and the angle of supply of the coherent beam into the processing zone and, thus, the relative position of the coherent and polychromatic energy rays in the processing zone.

In the device according to embodiment 2, the coherent beam through the optical path 7 through the focusing optical system 9 enters the optical element 10, with which the alignment of the supply of the coherent beam to the processing zone is carried out. With the exception of technical solutions for supplying a coherent beam to the processing zone, the operation of the devices in both cases is carried out in a similar way.

The device according to the third embodiment (Fig. 9) contains a coherent radiation source 6, an optical path 7, connecting

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a coherent radiation source with a collimating system 9, a polychromatic radiation source 23, a focusing lens 24 mounted to move between the convex sealing glass 15 and the protective glass 16, an annular nozzle 25 with an annular magnet 26. The device also includes radiation source power supplies not shown and ignition of an arc of a polychromatic emitter, a cooling system, a plasma-forming gas supply and a device control unit that are identical to those used in devices according to there are 1 and 2.

The optical element 24, mounted with the possibility of movement, provides the necessary mutual arrangement of beams of coherent and polychromatic radiant energy in the processing zone. With the exception of technical solutions for supplying a coherent beam to the processing zone, the operation of the device of the present embodiment is carried out similarly to the operation of the device of embodiment 1.

The ring magnet 26 protects the protective glass from contamination and is installed so that the magnetic lines of force are directed parallel to the plane of the treatment zone. With such an arrangement, scattering metal splashes during surfacing and welding are attracted to the nozzle by the magnetic field of the ring magnet ..

In all the devices described above, the alignment and reinstallation of the optical system for combining the coherent beam with the polychromatic in the processing zone is provided without disassembly and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) depressurization of a polychromatic emitter, which greatly simplifies their operation.

In addition, the presence of a retainer and a threaded sleeve in all variants of the device provides preliminary compression of the protective glass seals under the convex sealing screen and prevents gas leakage during startup into the working volume of the polychromatic emitter. Seals located at the housing cover with the screws screwed into the cover are pre-pressed to the latch.

The presence of a threaded sleeve and a retainer provides initial sealing of the internal cavity of the emitter for subsequent filling with plasma-forming gas. Upon further filling with gas, its pressure additionally bursts (squeezes) the seals from the inside and ensures the final sealing of the emitter. Thus, during operation, with an increase in power and, accordingly, the pressure of the plasma-forming gas in the emitter, an increase in the pressure force on the seals is automatically ensured and its “self-sealing” is ensured.

Application of the invention.

Consider examples of the application of the patented invention for the following types of heat treatment of materials.

I. Butt welding. but). When butt welding of sheet hardened steels, it is necessary to release the weld zone in real time. Hybrid welding using polychromatic and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) coherent radiant energy within the same heating zone allows to ensure the tempering of the welded joint (including the seam and the heat affected zone) and to eliminate or reduce the formation of structures prone to cracking. Therefore, the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is installed on the leading edge of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation (Fig. Ia, Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b), and the necessary intensity of polychromatic radiation is created (programmed), decreasing to the periphery of this spot. In this case, a welding process takes place in the processing zone with concomitant or subsequent tempering, and the polychromatic component provides a given cooling rate. b) When butt welding of thin-sheet low-carbon steels, it is advisable to pre-heat the welded edges with polychromatic radiation. Thermal expansion of the edges closes or reduces local gaps between the edges, which avoids burn-throughs when welding thin-sheet joints with a coherent beam. In this case, polychromatic radiation is concentrated in the initial section at least 5 times longer than the diameter of the coherent heating spot when butt-welding thin-sheet joints in the heat-conducting mode. Therefore, the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is set at the trailing edge or after the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation (Figv or 2B). Butt welding prior to heating the edges of the material ensures their activation,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) closes or reduces local gaps and increases the absorption capacity of the coherent component.

IL Butt welding of thin-walled tubes.

When butt welding longitudinally thin-walled nanocapillary heat pipes made of copper and aluminum alloys, for example, for computer cooling systems, one should take into account the high values of thermal conductivity and reflection coefficient of these alloys, as well as the possibility of local gaps. Therefore, the focal point from the source of coherent radiation should be at the trailing edge of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation (Fig. Lc OR 2B), which will allow avoiding burns and maximizing the absorption coefficient of the coherent component by the welding zone.

III. Surfacing of metal composite powders.

When surfacing metal composite powders with special properties (wear-resistant, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant, etc.), the choice of processing technology (techniques, modes, thermal cycle) from the number shown in Fig. 1 and 2 is determined by the following technological requirements:

- the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the base and deposited metals in certain temperature ranges during cooling;

- the ability to relax stresses of the base and deposited metals in certain temperature ranges during cooling.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - a given speed of heating and cooling the processing zone in real time.

The ability to program the thermal treatment cycle allows for the optimal deposition of metal powders with special properties, taking into account the above requirements.

The present invention can be applied for surfacing wear-resistant powders on the working surfaces of molds and parts of drilling rigs, on the cutting edges of tools, heat-resistant powders on blades and other details of the hot tract of gas turbine aircraft engines, and also for surfacing corrosion-resistant coatings.

IV. Production of thermally granulated fused-ceramic welding fluxes.

In the manufacture of thermally granulated fused-ceramic welding fluxes, a coherent beam is installed at the trailing edge of the heat spot from the focal field of the polychromatic radiation source (Figs. 1c and 2c). This arrangement provides maximum activation of the treated surface and an increase in the absorption capacity of the coherent component.

The mixture in the form of mineral flour is moved in the processing zone at such a speed that spherical granules form on the surface of the mixture. The temperature in the working area and the speed of movement of the charge are set at the level necessary to obtain granules of a given size.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The specified method of manufacturing fluxes provides an increase in the quality of fused-ceramic fluxes, since it allows the use of a mixture without binders based on water. Therefore, the use of these fluxes in welding provides a decrease in hydrogen in the welded joint.

The industrial applicability of the present invention is provided by the following main advantages:

- real-time programmable thermal treatment cycle: predetermined preliminary and / or subsequent heating of the treatment zone, achievement of a predetermined temperature at the treatment point and a predetermined cooling rate of the treatment zone, depending on the technological task of obtaining material properties;

- providing a predetermined heating and cooling rate of the material processing zone by controlling the radiation intensity of the polychromatic radiation source and / or selecting the spectrum of this radiation;

- providing a given speed of the heating and cooling rate of the material processing zone by choosing the relative position of the focal point from the source of coherent radiation and the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation;

- the ability to create favorable conditions for stress relaxation of a local surface area in real time;

- reduction of specific energy consumption for obtaining one Watt of useful (effective) power of coherent radiation;

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the multivariance of the device to implement the patented method, which contributes to the expansion of technological tasks.

The present invention can be applied in almost all industries: in the automotive and aerospace, nuclear and oil and gas, chemical and several other industries.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

Claim

1. The method of local hybrid heat treatment of materials by the method of influencing the material in the local processing zone of coherent and polychromatic radiation, mainly during heat treatment and welding of metals, characterized in that, in order to obtain the specified mechanical properties of the materials, the heating and cooling rate of the local processing zone of materials change in real time for a given thermal cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by adjusting the radiation intensity of the polychromatic radiation source.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating and cooling rates of the local material processing zone are changed by choosing the relative position of the focal point of the coherent radiation and the focal spot from the polychromatic radiation source.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is moved over the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is installed on the leading edge of the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is installed on the trailing edge of the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the focal point from the source of coherent radiation is set in the middle of the area of the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the point from the source of coherent radiation is set between heat spots from two sources of polychromatic radiation.

9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation is moved along the processing zone of materials.

10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the focal spot from the source of polychromatic radiation is installed in front of the focal point from the source of coherent radiation.

11. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the focal spot point from the source of polychromatic radiation is set after the focal point from the source of coherent radiation.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emission spectrum of the polychromatic radiation source is changed.

13. A device for implementing the method according to claims 1-12, comprising a coherent radiation source with a radiation transmission and focusing system, a polychromatic radiation source, consisting of a reflective optical system located in a sealed enclosure and electrodes installed inside it, the upper point of the working surface the cathode is located in the emitting focus of the optical system, the top of the casing is closed with a removable cover with a porthole transparent for coherent and polychromatic radiant fluxes, and the bottom of the casing is closed a curvilinear screen and a protective glass transparent for radiant fluxes, an arc ignition device between the anode and cathode of a polychromatic radiation source, power supplies for coherent and polychromatic radiation sources, a cooling system for a polychromatic radiation source, purging and filling it with a plasma-forming gas, and a control unit

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) device, characterized in that a nozzle is installed over the porthole with a collimator, a prism and a mirror located inside it sequentially along the coherent radiation, the reflecting optical system of the polychromatic radiation source is made in the form of a two-section truncated ellipsoid, and the section connecting line coincides with the plane perpendicular to the axis of the optical system passing through her focal points.

14. A device for implementing the method according to claims 1-12, comprising a coherent radiation source with a radiation transmission and focusing system, a polychromatic radiation source, consisting of a reflective optical system located in a sealed enclosure and electrodes installed inside it, the upper point of the working surface the cathode is located in the emitting focus of the optical system, the top of the casing is closed by a removable cover, the bottom of the casing is closed by a curved screen and a protective glass transparent for coherent and polychromatic of radiant fluxes, a device for igniting an arc between the anode and cathode of a polychromatic radiation source, power supplies for coherent and polychromatic radiation sources, a cooling system for a polychromatic radiation source and purging and filling it with a plasma-forming gas, and a device control unit, characterized in that along the beam of the coherent radiation source when it is fed to the operating point, a collimator, a prism and a focusing optical element are installed, and the prism is mounted on a protective glass with side of the working area with the ability to move in the plane of passage of the coherent beam, the reflective optical system is made in the form of a two-section truncated ellipsoid, and the line of separation of the sections coincides with the plane,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) perpendicular to the axis of the optical system passing through its focal points.

15. A device for implementing the method according to claims 1-12, comprising a coherent radiation source with a radiation transmission and focusing system, a polychromatic radiation source, consisting of a reflective optical system located in a sealed enclosure and electrodes installed inside it, the upper point of the working surface the cathode is located in the emitting focus of the optical system, the top of the casing is closed with a removable cover with a porthole transparent for coherent and polychromatic radiant fluxes, the bottom of the casing is closed a linear screen and a protective glass transparent to radiant fluxes, a device for igniting an arc between the anode and cathode of a polychromatic radiation source, power supplies for coherent and polychromatic radiation sources, a cooling system for a polychromatic radiation source, purging and filling it with a plasma-forming gas, and a device control unit, characterized in that the focusing optical element of the coherent radiation source is installed between the curved screen and the protective glass and is made with with the ability to move in the plane of passage of the coherent beam, the reflecting optical system of the polychromatic radiation source is made in the form of a two-section truncated ellipsoid, and the sectional line of the sections coincides with the plane perpendicular to the axis of the optical system passing through its focal points.

16. The device according to item 13, wherein a mirror with a variable curvature of the reflecting surface is installed in the nozzle of the polychromatic radiation source.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

17. The device according to item 13, characterized in that to change the curvature of the reflecting surface of the mirror located in the pipe, piezoceramic elements are installed on the mirror connected to the control unit of the radiation sources.

18. The device according to p. 13-15, characterized in that it contains a system for purging, inlet and outlet of a plasma-forming gas, and on the case of a polychromatic radiation emitter an additional device is installed for the discharge of plasma-forming gas.

19. The device according to p. 13-15, characterized in that a threaded sleeve is installed under the housing cover with the possibility of movement inside the housing, a latch with teeth along the outer diameter is located above the cover, the counter teeth are made in the upper inner part of the housing.

20. The device according to clause 15, wherein the protective quartz glass in the lower end part of the polychromatic emitter is installed using a conical nozzle.

21. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that an annular magnet is mounted on the conical nozzle.

22. The device according to p. 13-15, characterized in that the optical unit for the reduction of coherent and polychromatic rays further comprises an optical filter installed to select the emission spectrum of the polychromatic radiation source.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)